Microstrip antenna and radar

Abstract

The invention provides a microstrip antenna and a radar. According to the microstrip antenna provided by the invention, the antenna unit comprises the plurality of patch antennas, the plurality of feed microstrip lines and the microstrip power divider, the patch antennas are respectively connected to the microstrip power divider through the feed microstrip lines to form a linear array, and the distances between the adjacent patch antennas are unequal. According to the antenna, the insertion loss increased by a series-parallel combined feed network can be reduced, the maximum beam offset is realized, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to antenna technology, and in particular to a microstrip antenna and a radar. Background Art

[0002] Microstrip antennas have been widely used in the fields of vehicle-mounted, traffic security, etc. due to their small size and easy integration. Compared with traditional microstrip antennas, series-fed microstrip antennas have a smaller size and higher integration, which makes it easier for them to achieve narrow directivity and high gain. In contrast, traditional antennas have a wide beam width and are not very suitable for specific application scenarios.

[0003] In order to improve the maximum beam pointing of the antenna and achieve a narrow beam, the related technology uses multiple serially fed microstrip antennas to form an array antenna, and combines a microwave feeder network to adjust the antenna's pointing direction and beam width. However, although this method is effective, it increases insertion loss, thereby reducing the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a microstrip antenna and a radar.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a microstrip antenna, comprising:

[0006] dielectric substrate;

[0007] An antenna unit is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the antenna unit includes a microstrip power divider, a plurality of patch antennas and a plurality of feeding microstrip lines, the plurality of patch antennas are respectively connected to the microstrip power divider through the feeding microstrip lines to form a linear array, and the distances between adjacent patch antennas in the linear array are not equal.

[0008] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of patch antennas are arranged on the same side of the microstrip power divider.

[0009] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the shape of the microstrip power divider is adjusted according to the position of the patch antenna.

[0010] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, a cavity is provided on the patch antenna, and the feeding microstrip line is connected to the patch antenna through the cavity.

[0011] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the spacing between the feeding microstrip lines of adjacent patch antennas is less than half a wavelength.

[0012] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of patch antennas are equally phase fed.

[0013] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, a ground layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0014] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the microstrip antenna includes a plurality of antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units are arrayed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0015] In some possible implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure, spacings between adjacent antenna units among the plurality of antenna units are equal.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a radar is provided, wherein the radar includes the above-mentioned microstrip antenna.

[0017] It can be seen from the above technical solution that in the microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple patch antennas in the antenna unit are connected to the microstrip power divider through feeding microstrip lines, and the spacing between adjacent patch antennas is unequal. Through this structure, the embodiment of the present disclosure not only reduces the insertion loss increased by the series-parallel combined feeding network, but also realizes the maximum beam offset. At the same time, the combination of multiple patch antennas effectively improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna structure including a single antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna structure including multiple antenna units provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0022] 100 microstrip antenna

[0023] 110 dielectric substrate

[0024] 120 antenna units

[0025] 121 Patch Antenna

[0026] 122 Feed Microstrip Line

[0027] 123 Microstrip Power Divider

[0028] aThe spacing between adjacent patch antennas

[0029] b The spacing between the feeding microstrip lines of adjacent patch antennas

[0030] c The distance between adjacent antenna elements DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0032] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a microstrip antenna including a single antenna unit 120 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a microstrip antenna including a plurality of antenna units 120 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The microstrip antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a dielectric substrate 110 and an antenna unit 120 arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 110, the antenna unit 120 includes a microstrip power divider 123, a plurality of patch antennas 121 and a plurality of feeding microstrip lines 122, the plurality of patch antennas 121 are respectively connected to the microstrip power divider 123 through the feeding microstrip lines 122 to form a linear array, and the spacing a between adjacent patch antennas 121 in the linear array is not equal.

[0035] In the disclosed embodiment, the spacing between adjacent patch antennas 121 in the antenna unit 120 is not equal, that is, the intervals between the patch antennas 121 are not equal, and the antenna unit 120 presents a structure of an irregular linear array. Compared with a uniform linear array, an irregular linear array can obtain a higher antenna directivity coefficient under the same array element, which can improve the maximum beam pointing of the antenna and achieve a narrow beam. At the same time, the antenna unit 120 adopts the structure of a serial-fed patch antenna 121, which not only reduces the insertion loss, but also can achieve the maximum beam offset compared to a serial-parallel combined feeding network. In addition, the antenna unit 120 adopts a combination of multiple patch antennas 121, which also effectively improves the radiation efficiency of the microstrip antenna.

[0036] In specific applications, the material selection of the dielectric substrate 110 directly affects the performance indicators of the microstrip antenna, such as bandwidth, gain, and efficiency. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plate material of the dielectric substrate 110 in the microstrip antenna can be selected based on factors such as the operating frequency, dielectric loss, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and cost required for the actual application. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the dielectric substrate 110 can be made of high-frequency microwave plate or other similar materials. Different application scenarios have different requirements for the plate material of the dielectric substrate 110. Therefore, a suitable material can be selected as the dielectric substrate 110 of the microstrip antenna as needed.

[0037] A grounding layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 110. Specifically, the grounding layer may be a metal plate on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 110. In the microstrip antenna structure, the grounding layer helps to form a transmission line to ensure effective transmission of signals.

[0038] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the patch antenna 121, the feeding microstrip line 122 and the microstrip power divider 123 are all arranged on the same panel (i.e., the upper surface) of the dielectric substrate 110, and multiple patch antennas 121 are arranged on the same side of the microstrip power divider 123. Therefore, multiple patch antennas 121 can share one microstrip power divider 123, which helps to achieve antenna integration and miniaturization and reduce overall costs. At the same time, sharing one microstrip power divider 123 can ensure that the signal is evenly distributed between each patch antenna 121, which helps to improve the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

[0039] In some examples, the patch antenna 121 may be a rectangular metal patch antenna 121. Exemplarily, each antenna unit 120 may include n rectangular metal patch antennas 121, where n may be 10 or other values.

[0040] In some examples, the shape of the microstrip power divider 123 can be adjusted according to the position of the patch antenna 121. By adjusting the shape of the microstrip power divider 123 according to the position of the patch antenna 121, the patch antennas 121 at different positions can be better matched to achieve more efficient power distribution and lower loss, which helps to optimize the radiation characteristics of the entire antenna array (including the directivity of the beam and the sidelobe level), and can improve the isolation between different output ports and reduce mutual interference. At the same time, by adjusting the shape of the microstrip power divider 123, it can also ensure that the excitation signals received by each patch antenna 121 have the same phase, thereby achieving equal phase feeding.

[0041] In some examples, multiple patch antennas 121 in the same antenna unit 120 are fed with equal phases. Equal phase feeding means that the excitation signals received by each patch antenna 121 have the same phase. This feeding method can improve radiation efficiency, enhance directivity, and improve anti-interference ability and system reliability, while also simplifying the structure and reducing costs.

[0042] In some examples, the spacing b between the feeding microstrip lines 122 of adjacent patch antennas 121 in the same antenna unit 120 is less than half the wavelength of air. When the spacing between the feeding microstrip lines 122 of adjacent patch antennas 121 is less than half the wavelength of air, such a design can reduce the physical size of the antenna array while maintaining the phase relationship between the patch antennas 121 to achieve the desired radiation characteristics.

[0043] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a cavity is provided on the patch antenna 121, and the feeding microstrip line 122 can be connected to the patch antenna 121 through the cavity. The feeding microstrip line 122 is connected to the patch antenna 121 through the cavity, which can realize the series feeding of the patch antenna 121. By adjusting the shape and position of the cavity, the maximum beam pointing of the antenna can be changed, thereby realizing the radiation enhancement in a specific direction. This design is very useful in applications such as radar that require directional radiation. In addition, the cavity can also increase the radiation concentration of the antenna, thereby improving the antenna gain, which is very important for improving the signal transmission distance and communication quality. In addition, by optimizing the design of the cavity, the working bandwidth of the antenna can be broadened, so that it can work effectively in a wider frequency range. In addition, the feeding microstrip line 122 is connected to the patch antenna 121 through the cavity, and the integration of the feeding network and the patch antenna 121 can be realized, which helps to simplify the design and manufacture of the antenna system and reduce costs.

[0044] See also Figure 2 The microstrip antenna may include a plurality of antenna units 120, and the plurality of antenna units 120 are arrayed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 110. When the plurality of antenna units 120 are included, the spacing c between adjacent antenna units 120 is equal, that is, the antenna units 120 are arranged regularly, which not only simplifies the design and manufacture of the antenna array, reduces the design complexity and reduces the cost, but also helps to form a uniform radiation pattern and improve the overall stability of the antenna structure.

[0045] In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a radar, which includes the aforementioned microstrip antenna.

[0046] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure is described in detail above. The principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure are described in detail using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present disclosure, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A microstrip antenna, characterized in that: include: dielectric substrate; An antenna unit is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the antenna unit includes a microstrip power divider, a plurality of patch antennas and a plurality of feeding microstrip lines, the plurality of patch antennas are respectively connected to the microstrip power divider through the feeding microstrip lines to form a linear array, and the distances between adjacent patch antennas in the linear array are not equal.

2. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of patch antennas are arranged on the same side of the microstrip power divider.

3. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shape of the microstrip power divider is adjusted according to the position of the patch antenna.

4. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The patch antenna is provided with a cavity, and the feeding microstrip line is connected to the patch antenna through the cavity.

5. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the feeding microstrip lines of adjacent patch antennas is less than half a wavelength.

6. The microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of patch antennas are fed in equal phases.

7. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A grounding layer is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.

8. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The microstrip antenna comprises a plurality of antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units are arrayed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.

9. The microstrip antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The distances between adjacent antenna units in the plurality of antenna units are equal.

10. A radar, characterized in that: The radar comprises the microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images