A power management circuit for photovoltaic charging

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power management circuit for photovoltaic charging, which relates to the field of electric energy storage. The power management circuit for photovoltaic charging comprises: a photovoltaic storage module, which is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in a battery; and collects a sampling voltage and a photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the solar panel under the current sunlight, and outputs them to a solar panel rotation module; the solar panel rotation module is used to judge whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, a driving motor drives the solar panel to rotate. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention rotates the solar panel according to different positions of the sun to align it with the sunlight, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar panel in converting light energy into electrical energy; and a rotation quick stop module is provided to quickly stop the rotation of the solar panel after the solar panel is aligned with the sunlight, thereby avoiding excessive rotation of the solar panel and misalignment with the sunlight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric energy storage, and in particular to a power management circuit for photovoltaic charging. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic charging is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. After converting solar energy into electrical energy, it is stored in a battery. The battery can be any form of storage device.

[0003] In existing photovoltaic charging, the position of the solar panels is often fixed. The amount of sunlight received by the solar panels changes at different time periods, making it impossible to obtain electricity efficiently, which needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power management circuit for photovoltaic charging to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A photovoltaic charging power management circuit, comprising:

[0007] The photovoltaic storage module is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery; it also collects the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the solar panel output voltage under the current sunlight and outputs them to the solar panel rotation module;

[0008] The solar panel rotation module is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the drive motor drives the solar panel to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage.

[0009] The rotation quick stop module is used to drive the motor to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor from rotating too much due to inertia;

[0010] The output end of the photovoltaic storage module is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the output end of the solar panel rotation module is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the photovoltaic storage module includes:

[0012] Photoelectric conversion unit, used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to the signal acquisition unit and the electrical energy storage unit;

[0013] The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output them to the solar panel rotation module;

[0014] An energy storage unit is used to store energy while charging the battery, and disconnect the battery charging circuit when the battery voltage reaches a threshold;

[0015] The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit. The output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel, a first diode, a second diode, and a first capacitor. The output end of the solar panel is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the positive electrode of the second diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first potentiometer, a photoresistor, and a third resistor. One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the photoresistor and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS transistor, a first amplifier, a battery, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. The S pole of the first MOS transistor is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D pole of the first MOS transistor is connected to the positive pole of the battery and one end of the fourth resistor, the negative pole of the battery is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to a reference voltage, and the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the G pole of the first MOS transistor.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the solar panel rotation module includes a second amplifier, a first switch, a motor, and a second switch. The non-inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module, the output end of the second amplifier is connected to the first end of the first switch, the third end of the first switch is grounded, the second end of the first switch is connected to one end of the motor and the input end of the rotation quick stop module, the other end of the motor is connected to the first end of the second switch, the second end of the second switch is grounded, and the third end of the second switch is connected to the output end of the rotation quick stop module.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the rotation quick stop module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a second MOS transistor, a first thyristor, a third MOS transistor, a third diode, a second capacitor, a second potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a fourth diode, and a first relay. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor, the control electrode of the first thyristor, and the G electrode of the third MOS transistor. The other end of the seventh resistor is grounded. The positive electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS transistor, the S electrode of the second MOS transistor is connected to one end of the eighth resistor, and the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the power supply voltage. The negative electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS transistor, the D electrode of the third MOS transistor is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module, one end of the first relay, the negative electrode of the fourth diode, and one end of the eighth resistor. The other end of the first relay is grounded, the positive electrode of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the second potentiometer, the other end of the second potentiometer is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS transistor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a solar panel rotation module, which rotates the solar panel according to the different positions of the sun so that it is aligned with the sunlight, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar panel in converting light energy into electrical energy; and provides a rotation quick stop module, which quickly stops the rotation of the solar panel after the solar panel is aligned with the sunlight, thereby avoiding the solar panel from rotating too much and misaligning with the sunlight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power management circuit in photovoltaic charging.

[0023] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the photovoltaic storage module.

[0024] Figure 3 Circuit diagram for the solar panel rotation module.

[0025] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the rotary quick stop module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1, a photovoltaic charging power management circuit, comprising:

[0028] Photovoltaic storage module 1 is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in battery E1; it also collects the sampled voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of solar panel X under the current sunlight and outputs them to solar panel rotation module 2;

[0029] The solar panel rotation module 2 is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the driving motor M drives the solar panel X to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage.

[0030] The rotation quick stop module 3 is used to drive the motor M to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the inertia from driving the motor M to rotate too much;

[0031] The output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1 is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, the output end of the solar panel rotation module 2 is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module 3, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module 3 is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module 2.

[0032] In this example: See Figure 2 , the photovoltaic storage module 1 comprises:

[0033] Photoelectric conversion unit, used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to the signal acquisition unit and the electrical energy storage unit;

[0034] The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output them to the solar panel rotation module 2;

[0035] The electric energy storage unit is used to charge the battery E1 and store electric energy, and disconnect the charging circuit of the battery E1 when the voltage of the battery E1 reaches a threshold;

[0036] The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit. The output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2 .

[0037] In this example: See Figure 2 The photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel X, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, and a first capacitor C1. The output end of the solar panel X is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the anode of the second diode D2, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

[0038] The solar panel X converts solar energy into electrical energy for output, which forms a stable voltage after passing through the first diode D1 and the first capacitor C1 and is output to the subsequent circuit.

[0039] In another embodiment, a resistor may be added to limit the output current of the solar panel X.

[0040] In this example: See Figure 2 The signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first potentiometer RP1, a photoresistor RW, and a third resistor R3. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor RW and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to one end of the first potentiometer RP1, the other end of the first potentiometer RP1 is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor RW is connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is grounded.

[0041] When debugging the circuit, adjust the resistance of the first potentiometer RP1 so that, when solar panel X is facing the sun, the voltage at common point A is slightly lower than the voltage at common point B. The voltage at common point A serves as the sampling voltage, and the voltage at common point B serves as the photosensitive voltage, which are fed back to the solar panel rotation module 2.

[0042] In another embodiment, the positions of the third resistor R3 and the photoresistor RW can be replaced, but the circuit of the solar panel rotation module 2 needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0043] In this example: See Figure 2 The electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS transistor V1, a first amplifier U1, a battery E1, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5. The S electrode of the first MOS transistor V1 is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D electrode of the first MOS transistor V1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery E1 and one end of the fourth resistor R4, the negative electrode of the battery E1 is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5 and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier U1, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the reference voltage VREF, and the output end of the first amplifier U1 is connected to the G electrode of the first MOS transistor V1.

[0044] When the battery E1 is low on power, the voltage at the non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier U1 is lower than the reference voltage, the first amplifier U1 outputs a low level, the first MOS transistor V1 is turned on, and the battery E1 is charged. As the battery E1 charges, the voltage at the non-inverting terminal of the first amplifier U1 is higher than the reference voltage, the first amplifier U1 outputs a high level, and the first MOS transistor V1 is turned off, thereby preventing the battery E1 from being overcharged.

[0045] In another embodiment, the reference voltage VREF can be obtained by intercepting the output voltage of the solar panel X and using a voltage regulator diode.

[0046] In this example: See Figure 3 The solar panel rotation module 2 includes a second amplifier U2, a first switch S1, a motor M, and a second switch S2. The non-inverting end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1, the inverting end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic storage module 1, the output end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the first end of the first switch S1, the third end of the first switch S1 is grounded, the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to one end of the motor M and the input end of the rotation quick stop module 3, the other end of the motor M is connected to the first end of the second switch S2, the second end of the second switch S2 is grounded, and the third end of the second switch S2 is connected to the output end of the rotation quick stop module 3.

[0047] Initially, the solar panel X is aligned with the sunlight, and the resistance of the first potentiometer RP1 is adjusted so that the voltage at common point A is slightly lower than that at common point B. At this time, the second amplifier U2 outputs a low level, and the motor M does not rotate. As time passes, the sun moves, the output voltage of the solar panel X drops, and the voltages at common points A and B also drop. At the same time, the light received by the photoresistor RW (set on the same plane as the solar panel X receiving sunlight) weakens, and the voltage at common point B further drops, causing the voltage at common point A to be higher than that at common point B. The second amplifier U2 outputs a high level. A loop is formed through the first end of the first switch S1, the second end of the first switch S1, the motor M, the first end of the second switch S2, the second end of the second switch S2, and the ground point. The motor M rotates, driving the solar panel X to perform circular motion. When the solar panel X is aligned with sunlight during its rotation, the output voltage of the solar panel X increases, and the voltages at common points A and B also rise. At the same time, the light received by the photoresistor RW increases, and the voltage at common point B further rises, causing the voltage at common point A to fall below the voltage at common point B. The second amplifier U2 then outputs a low level, stopping power supply to the motor M.

[0048] In another embodiment, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 together constitute a double-pole double-throw switch, or may be composed of two single-pole double-throw switches.

[0049] In this example: See Figure 4The rotation quick stop module 3 includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a second MOS tube V2, a first thyristor Z1, a third MOS tube V3, a third diode D3, a second capacitor C2, a second potentiometer RP2, an eighth resistor R8, a fourth diode D4, and a first relay J1. One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module 2, the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7, the control electrode of the first thyristor Z1, and the G electrode of the third MOS tube V3. The other end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded. The positive electrode of the first thyristor Z1 is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS tube V2, and the S electrode of the second MOS tube V2 is connected to the eighth resistor R 8, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the cathode of the first thyristor Z1 is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS transistor V3, the D electrode of the third MOS transistor V3 is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module 2, one end of the first relay J1, the cathode of the fourth diode D4, and one end of the eighth resistor R8, the other end of the first relay J1 is grounded, the anode of the fourth diode D4 is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to one end of the second potentiometer RP2, the other end of the second potentiometer RP2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3 and one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS transistor V2.

[0050] When the power supply to the motor M stops, the motor M will continue to rotate due to inertia, so a reaction force needs to be provided to stop the motor M quickly. When the common point C is at a high level (the second amplifier U2 supplies power to the motor M), the first thyristor Z1 is turned on. When the common point C is at a low level (the second amplifier U2 stops supplying power to the motor M), the third MOS tube V3 is turned on, making the common point F at a high level. At the same time, the first relay J1 works, so that the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to the third end, and the first end of the second switch S2 is connected to the third end. At this time, the common point F, the third end of the second switch S2, the first end of the second switch S2, the motor M, the second end of the first switch S1, the third end of the first switch S1, and the grounding point are formed. The circuit reverses, and motor M rotates. Simultaneously, the high level at common point F charges second capacitor C2 via eighth resistor R8 and second potentiometer RP2. When second capacitor C2 is charged high enough to conduct third diode D3 (Zener diode), second MOS transistor V2 turns off, and common point F becomes low. After second capacitor C2 discharges, the circuit returns to its initial state. Therefore, the time it takes for second capacitor C2 to charge high enough to conduct third diode D3 is the time it takes for motor M to reverse. Initially, the resistance of second potentiometer RP2 is adjusted to set the time it takes for motor M to reverse, ensuring that it stops quickly after the reverse action is applied. (The voltage applied during forward rotation of motor M is the fixed output voltage of second amplifier U2.) The supply voltage VCC is converted from the output voltage of solar panel X.

[0051] In another embodiment, the time for setting the motor M to reverse is related to the initial voltage difference between the common points A and B. If the initial voltage difference between the common points A and B is too large, the motor M reverse time can also be set to be too long.

[0052] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the photovoltaic storage module 1 is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery E1; it also collects the sampled voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the solar panel X under the current sunlight, and outputs them to the solar panel rotation module 2; the solar panel rotation module 2 is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampled voltage. When the sampled voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the motor M is driven to rotate the solar panel X until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampled voltage; the rotation fast stop module 3 is used to drive the motor M to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampled voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor M from rotating too much due to inertia.

[0053] This application converts solar energy into electrical energy for storage (or conventional solar energy to electrical energy circuit), which can be used in conjunction with visual positioning systems and lighting systems to achieve wireless charging, for example:

[0054] Wireless energy supply systems for electric vehicles:

[0055] First, an electric car equipped with the present application drives into a set area (such as a parking lot or charging station, etc.), and then the visual positioning system discovers and locates the specific position of the electric car, sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system, and then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel of the electric car to wirelessly charge the electric car.

[0056] Wireless energy supply system for mobile phones;

[0057] First, bring the mobile phone equipped with the present application into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), place the mobile phone flat on the table, and when the back of the mobile phone covered with the solar panel is facing up, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the mobile phone, and sends the light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the mobile phone to wirelessly charge the mobile phone.

[0058] Wireless power supply system for tablet computers;

[0059] First, bring a tablet computer equipped with the device adapted for this application into an indoor space (such as a study, office space, or conference room), and place the tablet computer flat on the table. When the back of the tablet computer covered with the solar panel is facing up, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the tablet computer, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the tablet computer to wirelessly charge the tablet computer.

[0060] Wireless power supply system for laptop computers;

[0061] First, bring a laptop equipped with the device adapted for the present invention into an indoor space (such as a study, office space, or conference room), and place the laptop flat on the table. When the outer surface of the laptop covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the laptop, and sends a light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. The lighting system then receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs light to the solar panel part of the laptop to wirelessly charge the laptop.

[0062] Wireless power supply systems for wireless computer peripherals;

[0063] First, bring the wireless computer peripheral equipped with the adaptation of the present invention into an indoor space (such as a study, office space or conference room, etc.), and place the wireless computer peripheral flat on the table. When the outer surface of the wireless computer peripheral covered with the solar panel faces upward, the visual positioning system finds and locates the specific position of the wireless computer peripheral, and sends the light-emitting instruction to the lighting system. Then the lighting system receives the specific coordinates and lighting parameters, and accurately directs the light to the solar panel part on the wireless computer peripheral to wirelessly charge the wireless computer peripheral.

[0064] The main function of the visual positioning system is to identify and track objects within the field of view to determine their position and direction, so as to accurately locate the position of solar panels so that the lighting system can effectively focus and enhance light energy onto these cells. Its components include but are not limited to cameras and image acquisition devices, image processing units, deep learning and computer vision algorithms, positioning and tracking algorithms, control system interfaces, software and user interfaces, data storage and communication modules.

[0065] Cameras are the most fundamental element in a visual positioning system, capturing image data from the environment. These cameras can be monocular, binocular, or have depth perception capabilities. The image processing unit is responsible for extracting useful information from the raw images received by the cameras. This typically involves computational processes such as image preprocessing, feature extraction, and object recognition. Deep learning models and computer vision algorithms are used to analyze images, identify, and locate objects within them. Common algorithms include convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other machine learning models, which can identify an object's shape, size, and other characteristics. Once the localization and tracking algorithms identify an object, the system uses various algorithms to track its position and movement in space. These may include filters (such as Kalman filters) or optical flow techniques. The control system interface helps the visual positioning system transmit processed position information to the control system, which then adjusts the direction and intensity of the lighting system based on this information to optimize the charging efficiency of the solar cells. The software and user interface allow the operator to monitor and adjust the settings of the visual positioning system and display system status and diagnostic information. The data storage and communication module is used to store image and position data and exchange data with other system components, such as the present application and the lighting system.

[0066] The cameras and image acquisition devices include but are not limited to monocular cameras, binocular cameras, infrared cameras, depth cameras, panoramic cameras, high-speed cameras, and industrial cameras.

[0067] Image processing units include, but are not limited to, embedded systems, computer vision-specific hardware, PC-based systems, cloud computing platforms, edge computing devices, and specialized image processing software. Embedded systems typically include microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) with image processing capabilities. These devices can perform image preprocessing near the camera, such as filtering, edge detection, and color conversion. Computer vision-specific hardware includes GPUs (graphics processing units), FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays), or ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits). These hardware offers higher processing speed and efficiency, making them suitable for complex image processing tasks. PC-based systems, such as personal computers or industrial computers, utilize their powerful CPUs and GPUs to process image data. These systems typically offer superior data processing capabilities and flexibility, but may be smaller and less energy-efficient than embedded systems. For applications requiring extremely high data processing requirements or large-scale storage, cloud computing platforms may send image data to the cloud for processing. Cloud platforms offer virtually unlimited computing resources and storage, while supporting advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Edge computing devices combine the power of cloud computing with the instantaneous responsiveness of embedded systems. These devices perform most of the data processing locally and only send necessary information to the cloud, which helps reduce latency and bandwidth consumption. Dedicated image processing software runs on the aforementioned hardware platforms and is responsible for implementing specific image analysis and processing functions, such as object recognition, motion tracking, and 3D modeling.

[0068] Deep learning and computer vision algorithms include, but are not limited to, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), object detection algorithms, image segmentation algorithms, optical flow algorithms, feature matching and stereo vision algorithms, and depth estimation algorithms. CNNs are the most commonly used network architecture for image recognition and processing in deep learning. They extract hierarchical features from images through multiple convolutional layers, making them well-suited for image classification, object detection, and image segmentation tasks. RNNs are primarily used for processing sequential data (such as speech or text). When processing video data, they can be used to analyze time-series images, identify behavioral patterns, or predict future actions. GANs are typically used to generate new image data, but can also be used for tasks such as image enhancement and image transformation, such as converting daytime images into nighttime scenes. Object detection algorithms such as YOLO (You Only Look Once), SSD (Single Shot MultiDetector), and Faster R-CNN can identify multiple objects and their locations in an image in a single forward pass. Image segmentation algorithms such as U-Net and Mask R-CNN are used to classify each pixel in an image into different object categories and are suitable for scene understanding and medical image processing. Optical flow algorithms are used to estimate the motion changes of each image pixel and are widely used in motion detection, video compression, and video effect generation. Feature matching and stereo vision algorithms such as SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) and SURF (Speeded UpRobust Features) are used to find corresponding points between different images and are often used for image stitching and 3D scene reconstruction. Depth estimation algorithms use a single image or image pair to recover depth information, which helps with 3D modeling in the absence of physical depth perception equipment.

[0069] Localization and tracking algorithms include, but are not limited to, optical flow, Kalman filters, particle filters, Mean Shift and CamShift algorithms, multi-object tracking (MOT), deep learning tracking algorithms, and tracking using 3D information. Optical flow is used to estimate the motion of objects or scenes in image sequences. It calculates velocity and direction based on the visual movement of observation points between consecutive frames. The Kalman filter is a predictor-corrector technique used for estimating continuous-time data. It is widely used in tracking and control systems, especially when processing noisy data. The particle filter, also known as the sequential Monte Carlo method, represents a probability distribution using a set of random samples (particles) and is used for tracking problems involving nonlinear and non-Gaussian processes. Mean Shift is a tracking algorithm based on gradient ascent that tracks targets by iteratively searching for the maximum value of a probability density function. CamShift is a variant of Mean Shift that can adapt to changes in target size.

[0070] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-restrictive.

[0071] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic charging power management circuit, characterized in that: The photovoltaic charging power management circuit includes: The photovoltaic storage module is used to convert solar energy into light energy and store it in the battery; it also collects the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the solar panel output voltage under the current sunlight and outputs them to the solar panel rotation module; The solar panel rotation module is used to determine whether the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. When the sampling voltage is greater than the photosensitive voltage, the drive motor drives the solar panel to rotate until the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage. The rotation quick stop module is used to drive the motor to reverse after the photosensitive voltage is greater than the sampling voltage, and cut off after a delay to prevent the motor from rotating too much due to inertia; The output end of the photovoltaic storage module is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the output end of the solar panel rotation module is connected to the input end of the rotation quick stop module, and the output end of the rotation quick stop module is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module; The solar panel rotation module includes a second amplifier, a first switch, a motor, and a second switch. The non-inverting terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic storage module, the inverting terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic storage module, the output terminal of the second amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the first switch, the third terminal of the first switch is grounded, the second terminal of the first switch is connected to one terminal of the motor and the input terminal of the rotation quick stop module, the other terminal of the motor is connected to the first terminal of the second switch, the second terminal of the second switch is grounded, and the third terminal of the second switch is connected to the output terminal of the rotation quick stop module. The rotation quick stop module includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a second MOS tube, a first thyristor, a third MOS tube, a third diode, a second capacitor, a second potentiometer, an eighth resistor, a fourth diode, and a first relay. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor, the control electrode of the first thyristor, and the G electrode of the third MOS tube, the other end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the positive electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the D electrode of the second MOS tube, the S electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the power supply voltage, the negative electrode of the first thyristor is connected to the S electrode of the third MOS tube, the D electrode of the third MOS tube is connected to the second input end of the solar panel rotation module, one end of the first relay, the negative electrode of the fourth diode, and one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the first relay is grounded, the positive electrode of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to one end of the second potentiometer, the other end of the second potentiometer is connected to the negative electrode of the third diode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the G electrode of the second MOS tube.

2. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Photovoltaic storage modules include: Photoelectric conversion unit, used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and output it to the signal acquisition unit and the electrical energy storage unit; The signal acquisition unit is used to collect the sampling voltage and photosensitive voltage of the output voltage of the photoelectric conversion unit under the current sunlight, and output them to the solar panel rotation module; An energy storage unit is used to store energy while charging the battery, and disconnect the battery charging circuit when the battery voltage reaches a threshold; The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit. The output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected to the first input end of the solar panel rotation module.

3. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion unit includes a solar panel, a first diode, a second diode, and a first capacitor. The output end of the solar panel is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the positive electrode of the second diode, the other end of the first capacitor is grounded, and the negative electrode of the second diode is connected to the input end of the signal acquisition unit and the input end of the electric energy storage unit.

4. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal acquisition unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first potentiometer, a photoresistor, and a third resistor. One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the photoresistor and the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, the other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is grounded, the other end of the photoresistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input end of the solar panel rotation module, and the other end of the third resistor is grounded.

5. The photovoltaic charging power management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric energy storage unit includes a first MOS transistor, a first amplifier, a battery, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. The S pole of the first MOS transistor is connected to the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit, the D pole of the first MOS transistor is connected to the positive pole of the battery and one end of the fourth resistor, the negative pole of the battery is grounded, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the non-inverting end of the first amplifier, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the inverting end of the first amplifier is connected to a reference voltage, and the output end of the first amplifier is connected to the G pole of the first MOS transistor.

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