Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with: a control unit that determines a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and determines transmission power for each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters; and a transmission unit that transmits the plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources, respectively. According to one mode of the invention, the coverage range of the random access process can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. Background Art

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is standardized for the purpose of further high-speed data rate, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) is standardized for the purpose of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Release (Rel.) 8, 9 of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)).

[0003] Successor systems of LTE (also known as, for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.) are also being studied.

[0004] Prior art literature

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the invention

[0007] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0008] In future wireless communication systems (eg, NR), improvement of coverage is being studied.

[0009] However, the random access procedure for improving coverage is unclear. If such a random access procedure is unclear, there is a concern that communication throughput may be reduced.

[0010] Therefore, one of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station for improving the coverage of a random access procedure.

[0011] Means for solving problems

[0012] A terminal involved in one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a control unit, which determines multiple groups including multiple resources for a physical random access channel, and uses one or more counters to determine the transmission power for each of the multiple resources; and a transmission unit, which transmits multiple repetitions of the physical random access channel in the multiple resources respectively.

[0013] Effects of the Invention

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coverage of the random access process can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 An example of the operation of a power ramping counter between a plurality of preambles using the same beam is shown.

[0016] Figure 2 An example of the operation of the power ramp-up counter between a plurality of preamble codes using different beams is shown.

[0017] Figure 3 This shows an example of the operation after the RA preamble is transmitted.

[0018] Figure 4A And 4B represents an example of multi-PRACH transmission.

[0019] Figures 5A to 5C This shows an example of type (Type) 1 multiple PRACH transmission.

[0020] Figures 6A to 6C This shows an example of type 2 multiple PRACH transmission.

[0021] Figure 7 An example of the association between RO and SSB indexes.

[0022] Figure 8 An example of scenario 1-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0023] Fig. 9An example of scenario 1-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0024] Fig.10 Another example of scenario 1-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0025] Fig.11 An example of scenario 1-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0026] Fig.12 An example of scenario 1-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0027] Fig.13 Another example of scenario 1-2 of implementation #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0028] Fig.14 An example of scenario 1-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0029] Fig.15 An example of scenario 1-3 of implementation method #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0030] Fig.16 Another example of scenario 1-3 of implementation method #1 / option 1 / option 2 is shown.

[0031] Fig.17 An example of an RO group in case 2-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0032] Fig.18 An example of two RO groups in case 2-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0033] Fig.19 Another example of two RO groups in case 2-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0034] Fig. 20 An example of an RO group in case 2-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0035] Fig.21 An example of two RO groups in case 2-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0036] Fig. 22 Another example of two RO groups in case 2-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0037] Fig.23 An example of an RO group in case 2-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0038] Fig.24 An example of two RO groups in case 2-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0039] Fig.25 Another example of two RO groups in case 2-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 1 / option 1 is shown.

[0040] Fig.26 An example of scenario 1-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0041] Fig. 27 An example of scenario 1-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0042] Fig.28 An example of scenario 1-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0043] Fig.29 An example of scenario 2-1 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0044] Fig.30 An example of scenario 2-2 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0045] Fig.31 An example of scenario 2-3 of implementation mode #1 / option 2 is shown.

[0046] Fig.32 This is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.

[0047] Fig.33 This is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.

[0048] Fig.34 This is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment.

[0049] Fig.35 This is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal involved in one embodiment.

[0050] Fig.36 This is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] (TCI, spatial relationship, QCL)

[0052] In NR, research is being conducted on: based on the Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state), the reception processing (for example, at least one of reception, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and the transmission processing (for example, at least one of transmission, mapping, precoding, modulation, and coding) of the control signal and at least one of the channels (expressed as signal / channel) in the UE.

[0053] The TCI state may also represent the TCI state applied to the downlink signal / channel. The TCI state equivalent to the TCI state applied to the uplink signal / channel may also be expressed as a spatial relation.

[0054] The so-called TCI state refers to information related to Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) of signals / channels, and may also be called spatial reception parameters, spatial relationship information, etc. The TCI state may also be set for each channel or each signal to the UE.

[0055] QCL refers to an indicator that indicates the statistical properties of a signal / channel. For example, when a certain signal / channel is in a QCL relationship with other signals / channels, it can also mean that it can be assumed that at least one of the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter) is the same among these different signals / channels (at least one of them is QCL).

[0056] In addition, the spatial reception parameter may also correspond to a reception beam of the UE (eg, a reception analog beam), and the beam may also be determined based on the spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in the present disclosure may also be rewritten as sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0057] QCL may also be specified in multiple types (QCL types). For example, four different QCL types, namely types AD, may be set with the same parameters (or parameter sets). The following represents the parameters (also referred to as QCL parameters):

[0058] QCL Type A (QCL-A): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread,

[0059] QCL type B (QCL-B): Doppler shift and Doppler spread,

[0060] QCL Type C (QCL-C): Doppler shift and average delay,

[0061] QCL type D (QCL-D): spatial reception parameters.

[0062] The UE assumes that a certain Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel or reference signal is in a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) relationship with other CORESETs, channels or reference signals, which can also be called QCL assumption.

[0063] The UE may also determine at least one of the transmit beam (Tx beam) and receive beam (Rx beam) of the signal / channel based on the TCI status or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0064] The TCI state may be, for example, information related to the QCL of the target channel (in other words, the reference signal (RS) used for the channel) and other signals (for example, other RS). The TCI state may also be set (indicated) by high-layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0065] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI))).

[0066] The channel for which the TCI state or spatial relationship is set (specified) may be, for example, at least one of the downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), the downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), the uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), and the uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)).

[0067] In addition, the RS that is in a QCL relationship with the channel may be, for example, at least one of a synchronization signal block (SynchronizationSignal Block (SSB)), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a tracking CSI-RS (also called a tracking reference signal (TRS)), and a QCL detection reference signal (also called QRS).

[0068] The SSB is a signal block including at least one of a primary synchronization signal (Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)), a secondary synchronization signal (Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)), and a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). The SSB may also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0069] The RS of QCL type X in the TCI state may also mean an RS that is in a QCL type X relationship with a certain channel / signal (DMRS), and the RS may also be referred to as a QCL source of QCL type X in the TCI state.

[0070] (Initial access process)

[0071] During the initial access process, the UE (RRC_IDLE mode) receives the SS / PBCH block (SSB), sends Msg.1 (PRACH / random access preamble / preamble), receives Msg.2 (PDCCH, PDSCH containing random access response (RAR)), sends Msg.3 (PUSCH scheduled by RAR UL grant), and receives Msg.4 (PDCCH, PDSCH containing UE contention resolution identity). After that, if the UE sends an ACK for Msg.4 based on the base station (network), the RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode).

[0072] SSB reception includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection and PBCH reception. In PSS detection, part of the physical cell ID (PCI) is detected, OFDM symbol timing is detected (synchronized), and (rough) frequency synchronization is performed. SSS detection includes detection of the physical cell ID. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detection of (part of) the SSB index within a half radio frame (5ms). PBCH reception includes detection of the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), reception of setting information for receiving the remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1), and identification of whether the UE can camp in the cell (carrier).

[0073] SSB has a bandwidth of 20 RB and a time of 4 symbols. The transmission period of SSB can be set from {510, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. In a half frame, a plurality of symbol positions of SSB are specified based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2).

[0074] PBCH has a payload of 56 bits. N repetitions of PBCH are sent in a period of 80 ms. N depends on the SSB transmission period.

[0075] System information consists of MIB, RMSI (SIB1) and other system information (OSI) transmitted through PBCH. SIB1 contains information for RACH configuration and RACH procedure. The relationship between the time / frequency resources of SSB and SIB1 PDCCH monitoring resources is set through PBCH.

[0076] A base station using beam correspondence uses multiple beams to transmit multiple SSBs in each SSB transmission period. Multiple SSBs each have multiple SSB indexes. A UE that detects one SSB transmits a PRACH in a RACH timing associated with the SSB index and receives a RAR in a RAR window.

[0077] (Beam and Coverage)

[0078] In high frequency bands, if beamforming is not applied to the synchronization signal / reference signal, the coverage becomes narrow and it is difficult for the UE to find the base station. On the other hand, if beamforming is applied to the synchronization signal / reference signal to ensure coverage, a strong signal will arrive in a specific direction, but the signal will become more difficult to reach in other directions. In the base station before the UE is connected, if the direction of the UE is unclear, it is impossible to send the synchronization signal / reference signal using only the beam in the appropriate direction. Consider the following method: the base station sends multiple synchronization signals / reference signals each with a beam in different directions, and the UE identifies which beam has been found. If a thin (narrow) beam is used for coverage, more synchronization signals / reference signals need to be sent, so there is a concern that overhead will increase and frequency utilization efficiency will decrease.

[0079] If a coarse (wide) beam is used in order to reduce the number of beams (synchronization signal / reference signal) and suppress overhead, the coverage becomes narrower.

[0080] In future wireless communication systems (for example, 6G), it is expected that the use of frequency bands such as millimeter waves and terahertz waves will further develop. It is considered that a communication service can be provided by constructing an area / coverage of a cell using a large number of thin beams.

[0081] Consider using the existing FR2 to expand the area, or use a higher frequency band than the existing FR2. In order to achieve this, in addition to multi-TRP, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), etc., it is preferred to improve beam management.

[0082] Research is underway to enhance coverage including PRACH extension for frequency range (FR) 2. For example, research is underway to use PRACH repetition using the same beam or multiple different beams. This PRACH extension can also be applied to FR1.

[0083] PRACH extension can be applied to both short PRACH formats and other formats.

[0084] The common RACH configuration (RACH-ConfigCommon) may also include the general RACH configuration (rach-ConfigGeneric), the total number of RA preambles (totalNumberOfRA-Preambles), the SSB for each RACH opportunity, and the contention-based (CB) preamble for each SSB (ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB). rach-ConfigGeneric may also include the PRACH configuration index (prach-ConfigurationIndex) and the message 1FDM (msg1-FDM, the number of PRACH opportunities that are FDMed in one time instance). ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB may also be 1 / 8 (one eighth, one SSB is associated with 8 RACH opportunities) of the number of SSBs for each RACH opportunity, including the number of CB preambles for each SSB.

[0085] For type 1 random access procedure (4-step random access procedure, messages 1 / 2 / 3 / 4), the UE may also be applied the number N of SS / PBCH blocks associated with one PRACH opportunity and the number R of CB preambles per SS / PBCH block per valid PRACH opportunity through ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB.

[0086] For a type 1 random access procedure, or for a type 2 random access procedure with a PRACH opportunity set independently of the type 1 random access procedure (2-step random access procedure, message A / B), if N<1, one SS / PBCH block is mapped to 1 / N consecutive valid RACH opportunities, the R CB preambles with consecutive indices associated with the SS / PBCH block index start from preamble index 0 for each valid PRACH opportunity. If N>=1, the R CB preambles with consecutive indices associated with the SS / PBCH block index n (0<=n<-N-1) start from preamble index n·N_preamble^total / N for each valid PRACH opportunity. Here, N_preamble^total is given by totalNumberOfRA-Preambles for the type 1 random access procedure, and by msgA-TotalNumberOfRA-Preambles for the type 2 random access procedure with the setting of the PRACH timing independent of the type 1 random access procedure. N_preamble^total is a multiple of N.

[0087] Starting from frame 0, the association period used to map SS / PBCH blocks to PRACH opportunities is the minimum value in the set determined by the PRACH setting period based on the relationship between the PRACH setting period and the association period (the number of PRACH setting periods) (the relationship specified in the specification) so that N_Tx^SSB SS / PBCH block indices are mapped to PRACH opportunities at least once during the association period. Here, the UE obtains N_Tx^SSB based on the value of the SSB position in the burst (ssb-PositionsInBurst) in SIB1 or in the public service cell configuration (ServingCellConfigCommon). If after an integer number of mapping cycles from SS / PBCH block indexes to PRACH opportunities during the association period, there is a set of PRACH opportunities or PRACH preambles that are not mapped to N_Tx^SSB SS / PBCH block indices, then an SS / PBCH block index is not mapped to the set of PRACH opportunities or PRACH preambles. The associated pattern period includes more than one associated period and is determined so that the pattern between the PRACH opportunity and the SS / PBCH block index is repeated at most every 160 ms. If there is a PRACH opportunity that is not associated with the SS / PBCH block index after an integer number of associated periods, the PRACH opportunity is not used for PRACH.

[0088] For PRACH setting periods of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 [msec], the associated periods are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}, {1, 2, 4, 8}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2}, and {1}, respectively.

[0089] In the case where ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB for the association of PRACH opportunities (RACH opportunities (RO)) with beams (SSB / CSI-RS) represents oneHalf, n16 (one half, n16) (N=1 / 2, R=16), and msg1-FDM is 4, 4 ROs are FDMed in one time instance, and one SSB is mapped to two ROs. Preamble indexes 0 to 15 are associated with two ROs, and preamble indexes 0 to 15 are associated with SS0B. Like this, when N<1, one SSB is mapped to multiple ROs. Thereby, the capacity of the RO of each beam is improved.

[0090] When ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB represents n4, n16 (N=4, R=16), msg1-FDM is 4, and N_preamble^total is 64, 4 ROs are FDMed in one time instance, and 4 SSBs are mapped to one RO. SSB0 to 3 are associated with one RO. Preamble indexes 0 to 15 are associated with SSB0, preamble indexes 15 to 31 are associated with SSB1 for SSB2, preamble indexes 32 to 47 are associated with SSB2, and preamble indexes 48 to 63 are associated with SSB3 for SSB3. Like this, the same RO is associated with different SS / PBCH block indexes, and different preambles use different SS / PBCH block indexes. The base station can distinguish the associated SS / PBCH block indexes through the received PRACH.

[0091] The random access preamble can be sent only in the time resources specified in the random access configuration of the specification, depending on whether it is FR1 or FR2, and the spectrum type (paired spectrum / supplementary uplink (SUL) / unpaired spectrum). The PRACH configuration index is given by the high-level parameter prach-ConfigurationIndex, or if configured, by msgA-PRACH-ConfigurationIndex. In the specification, each value of the PRACH configuration index is associated with the preamble format, x and y in n_f (frame number) mod x=y, the subframe number, the start codeword, the number of PRACH time slots in the subframe, the number of time domain PRACH opportunities in the PRACH time slot N_t^RA,slot, and the PRACH duration N_dur^RA.

[0092] Depending on different purposes, such as whether PRACH repetition can be applied to a scenario, the type of RACH process triggered is different. The type of RACH process may also be at least one of the following.

[0093] Contention-free random access (CFRA), PDCCH ordered RA (PDCCH ordered RA, RA initiated by PDCCH command), CFRA for beam failure recovery (BFR), CFRA for system information (SI) request, CFRA for reconfiguration with sync, etc.

[0094] Contention-based random access (CBRA), RA triggered by MAC entity, RA triggered by RRC with event, CBRA for BFR, etc.

[0095] · 4-step RACH.

[0096] · 2-step RACH.

[0097] However, the setting / process of PRACH repetition is unclear. For example, it is unclear how the PRACH resources used for repetition (e.g., repetition mode, number of repetitions) are set, the UE operation of preamble repetition transmission, the impact on counters / timers related to RACH, etc. If such setting / process is unclear, there is a concern that communication quality / communication throughput will deteriorate.

[0098] (RA response window)

[0099] RA response window (ra-ResponseWindow) is a time window for monitoring RA response (RAR) (SpCell only). RA contention resolution timer (ra-ContentionResolutionTimer) is a timer for RA contention resolution (SpCell only). Msg.B response window is a time window for monitoring RA response (RAR) of 2-step RA type (SpCell only).

[0100] If the RA preamble is sent, the MAC entity performs the following operations 1 to 3 regardless of the possibility of generating a measurement gap.

[0101] [Operation 1]

[0102] If the contention-free RA preamble for the BFR request is sent through the MAC entity, the MAC entity performs the following operations 1-1 and 1-2.

[0103] [[Operation 1-1]] The MAC entity starts the ra-ResponseWindow set in the BFR setting (BeamFailureRecoveryConfig) in the first PDCCH timing after the end of the RA preamble code transmission.

[0104] [[Operation 1-2]] During the operation of the ra-ResponseWindow, the MAC entity monitors PDCCH transmission in the search space indicated by the BFR search space ID (recoverySearchSpaceId) of the SpCell identified by the C-radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0105] [Operation 2]

[0106] Otherwise, the MAC entity performs the following operations 2-1 and 2-2.

[0107] [[Operation 2-1]] The MAC entity starts the ra-ResponseWindow set in the common RACH configuration (RACH-ConfigCommon) in the first PDCCH timing after the end of the RA preamble transmission.

[0108] [[Operation 2-2]] During the operation of the ra-ResponseWindow, the MAC entity monitors the PDCCH transmission of the SpCell for the RAR identified by the RA-RNTI.

[0109] [Operation 3]

[0110] If the ra-ResponseWindow set in BeamFailureRecoveryConfig expires and a PDCCH sent on the search space indicated by recoverySearchSpaceId sent to C-RNTI is received on the serving cell on which the preamble was sent, or if the ra-ResponseWindow set in RACH-ConfigCommon expires and a RAR containing RA preamble identifiers consistent with the sent preamble index (PREAMBLE_INDEX) is received, the MAC entity considers the RAR reception to have failed and increases the preamble transmission counter (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER) by 1.

[0111] The MAC entity may also stop the ra-ResponseWindow (and may also stop monitoring for the RAR) after successfully receiving a RAR including RA preamble identifiers that match the sent PREAMBLE_INDEX.

[0112] There are two cases for monitoring the PDCCH in the RA response window: the PDCCH used for the base station's response to the BFR and the PDCCH used for the RAR. The following contents can also be applied to both cases.

[0113] If the MSGA (Msg.A) preamble is sent, the MAC entity performs the following operations 4 to 6 regardless of the possibility of generating a measurement gap.

[0114] [Operation 4]

[0115] The MAC entity starts the Msg.B response window (msgB-ResponseWindow) in the PDCCH monitoring window specified in the specification.

[0116] The msgB-ResponseWindow may also start at the first symbol of the earliest CORESET in which the UE is configured to receive a PDCCH for a Type 1-PDCCH CSS set, where the symbol is at least one symbol after the last symbol of the PRACH opportunity corresponding to the PRACH transmission. The length of the msgB-ResponseWindow may also correspond to the SCS for the Type 1-PDCCH CSS set.

[0117] [Operation 5]

[0118] During the operation of msgB-ResponseWindow, the MAC entity monitors the PDCCH transmission of the SpCell for RAR identified by MSGB-RNTI.

[0119] [Operation 6]

[0120] If the C-RNTI MAC CE is included in the MSGA, the MAC entity monitors the PDCCH transmission of the SpCell for the RAR identified by the C-RNTI during the operation of the msgB-ResponseWindow.

[0121] The RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH opportunity for transmitting the RA preamble is calculated as follows.

[0122] RA-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_id

[0123] Here, s_id is the index of the first OFDM codeword of the PRACH opportunity (0<=s_id<14). t_id is the index of the first time slot of the PRACH opportunity within the system frame (0<=t_id<80). The subcarrier spacing (SCS) used to determine t_id is based on the value of μ. f_id is the index of the PRACH opportunity in the frequency domain (0<=f_id<8). ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for RA preamble transmission (0 for normal uplink (NUL)) carrier and 1 for supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier). RA-RNTI is calculated according to the specification. RA-RNTI is the RNTI for 4-step RACH.

[0124] The MSGB-RNTI associated with the PRACH opportunity for transmitting the RA preamble is calculated as follows.

[0125] MSGB-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_id+14×80×8×2

[0126] Here, s_id is the index of the first OFDM codeword of the PRACH opportunity (0<=s_id<14). t_id is the index of the first time slot of the PRACH opportunity in the system frame (0<=t_id<80). The subcarrier spacing (SCS) used to determine t_id is based on the value of μ. f_id is the index of the PRACH opportunity in the frequency domain (0<=f_id<8). ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for RA preamble code transmission (0 for normal uplink (NUL)) carrier and 1 for supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier). MSGB-RNTI is the RNTI for 2-step RACH.

[0127] (PDCCH command)

[0128] <DCI format for PDCCH command>

[0129] DCI format 1_0 includes an identifier field of the DCI format, a bit field that is always set to 1, and a frequency domain resource assignment field. When the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of DCI format 1_0 is scrambled by C-RNTI and the frequency domain resource assignment field is all 1, the DCI format 1_0 is used for the random access process started by the PDCCH command, and the remaining fields are the random access preamble, UL / supplementary uplink (SUL) indicator, SS / PBCH index (SSB index), PRACH mask index, and reserved bits (12 bits).

[0130] <PRACH Timing>

[0131] In the case of PRACH transmission triggered by a PDCCH command, when the value of the random access preamble index field is not zero, the PRACH mask index field indicates that the PRACH timing is the PRACH timing of the PRACH transmission associated with the SS / PBCH block index indicated by the SS / PBCH block index field of the PDCCH command.

[0132] In the case of a PRACH transmission triggered by a higher layer (PRACH transmission not triggered by a PDCCH command), if ssb-ResourceList is provided, the PRACH mask index is represented by ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex. The ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex indicates that the PRACH opportunity is the PRACH opportunity for the PRACH transmission associated with the selected SS / PBCH block index.

[0133] The PRACH opportunity is mapped continuously for each corresponding SS / PBCH block index. The index addition of the PRACH opportunity indicated by the mask index value is reset for each SS / PBCH block index and each mapping period of consecutive PRACH opportunities. The UE selects the PRACH opportunity indicated by the PRACH mask index value for the indicated SS / PBCH block index in the first available mapping period for PRACH transmission.

[0134] For the indicated preamble index, the order of PRACH opportunities is as follows.

[0135] • First, the increasing order of frequency resource indexes for PRACH opportunities used for frequency reuse.

[0136] • Second, the increasing order of time resource indices of PRACH opportunities used for time multiplexing within a PRACH slot.

[0137] • Third, the ascending order of the index of the PRACH slots.

[0138] For PRACH transmission triggered by a request from a higher layer, if csirs-ResourceList is provided, the value of ra-OccasionList represents a list of PRACH opportunities for PRACH transmission, and the PRACH opportunities are associated with the selected CSI-RS index represented by csi-RS. The index attachment of the PRACH opportunity represented by ra-OccasionList is reset for each association mode period.

[0139] The value of the PRACH mask index value (msgA-SSB-SharedRO-MaskIndex) is associated with the allowed PRACH opportunities of the SSB (the value of the PRACH opportunity index).

[0140] <Random access procedure in MAC entity>

[0141] The random access procedure is started by a PDCCH command, the MAC entity itself, or RRC for events that conform to the specification. Within the MAC entity, at any point in time, there is only one random access procedure in progress. The random access procedure for SCell is only started by a PDCCH command accompanied by a ra-PreambleIndex different from 0b000000.

[0142] When the random access process is started on the serving cell, the MAC entity performs the following operations.

[0143] When the random access procedure is started by a PDCCH command and the ra-PreambleIndex explicitly provided by the PDCCH is not 0b000000, or when the random access procedure is started for synchronization reconfiguration and for the BWP selected for the random access procedure, a 4-step RA type of contention-free random access resource is explicitly provided by rach-ConfigDedicated, RA_TYPE is set to 4-stepRA.

[0144] When the selected RA_TYPE is set to 4-step RA, the MAC entity performs the following operations.

[0145] When ra-PreambleIndex is explicitly provided by PDCCH and ra-PreambleIndex is not 0b000000, PREAMBLE_INDEX is set to the notified ra-PreambleIndex, and the SSB notified by PDCCH is selected.

[0146] ·When the SSB is selected as described above, the next available PRACH opportunity is selected from the PRACH opportunities corresponding to the selected SSB that are allowed by the restrictions given by ra-ssb-OccasionMaskIndex (the MAC entity randomly selects a PRACH opportunity with equal probability from consecutive PRACH opportunities corresponding to the selected SSB according to the specification. When determining the next available PRACH opportunity corresponding to the selected SSB, the MAC entity may also consider the possibility of generating a measurement gap).

[0147] <Time between PDCCH order reception and PRACH transmission>

[0148] If the random access procedure is started by a PDCCH command, if requested by higher layers, the UE transmits PRACH in the selected PRACH opportunity when the time between the last codeword received by the PDCCH command and the first codeword sent by the PRACH is greater than N_(T,2)+Δ_BWPSwitching+Δ_Delay+T_switch[msec] (time condition) as described in the specification. Here, N_(T,2) is the duration of N_2 codewords corresponding to the PUSCH preparation time of UE processing capability 1. It is assumed that μ corresponds to the minimum SCS setting between the subcarrier spacing (SCS) setting of the PDCCH command and the SCS setting sent by the PRACH corresponding to it. In the case that the activated UL BWP does not change, Δ_BWPSwitching=0, otherwise Δ_BWPSwitching is defined in the specification. In FR1, Δ_delay=0.5msec, in FR2, Δ_delay=0.25msec. T_switch is the switching gap duration defined in the specification.

[0149] <Conditions for validity (valid) / invalidation (invalid) of PRACH timing (validity conditions)>

[0150] In paired spectrum (FDD) or SUL band, all PRACH opportunities are valid. In unpaired spectrum (TDD), PRACH opportunities can also follow the following rules 1 and 2.

[0151] [Regulation 1]

[0152] When the UE is not provided with tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, a PRACH opportunity in a PRACH slot is valid when it does not precede the SS / PBCH block in the PRACH slot but starts at least N_gap symbols after the last SS / PBCH block reception symbol. Here, N_gap is specified in the specification. When channelAccessMode=semistatic is provided, the set of consecutive symbols before the start of the next channel occupancy time when the UE does not transmit does not overlap. The candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block corresponds to the SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon.

[0153] [Regulation 2]

[0154] When tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon is provided to the UE, the PRACH opportunity in the PRACH slot is valid in the following cases.

[0155] The PRACH opportunity is within the UL symbol. Or,

[0156] ·The PRACH opportunity does not precede the SS / PBCH block in the PRACH timeslot, but starts at least N_gap symbols from the last DL symbol and at least N_gap symbols from the last SS / PBCH block symbol. Here, N_gap is specified in the specification. If channelAccessMode=semistatic is provided, the PRACH opportunity does not overlap with the set of consecutive symbols before the start of the next channel occupancy time without any transmission, as documented in the specification. The candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block corresponds to the SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon, as documented in the specification.

[0157] (Step 4 in CBRA)

[0158] Step 4 (Msg4) of the RA process of Rel.16NR follows the following step 4 operation.

[0159] [Step 4 Operation]

[0160] In the case where no C-RNTI is provided to the UE, based on a PUSCH transmission scheduled by a RAR UL grant, the UE attempts to detect: DCI format 1_0 scheduling a PDSCH containing a UE contention resolution identity, accompanied by a CRC scrambled by the corresponding TCI-RNTI. Based on reception of a PDSCH containing a UE contention resolution identity, the UE transmits HARQ-ACK information in the PUCCH. The PUCCH transmission is within the same active UL BWP as the PUSCH transmission. The minimum time between the last symbol of the PDSCH reception and the first symbol of the corresponding PUCCH transmission containing HARQ-ACK information is equal to N_T,1 [msec]. N_T,1 is the duration of N_T,1 symbols equivalent to the PDSCH processing time of UE processing capability 1 when additional PDSCH DM-RS is configured. For μ=0, the UE assumes N_T,1=14.

[0161] When detecting the DCI format based on a PUSCH transmission scheduled by an RAR UL grant, or based on a corresponding PUSCH retransmission scheduled by DCI format 0_0 with a CRC scrambled by the TC-RNTI provided in the corresponding RAR message, regardless of whether the TCI state corresponding to the CORESET of the PDCCH accompanied by the DCI format received by the UE is provided to the UE, the UE may also assume that the PDCCH transmitting the DCI format and the DM-RS antenna port quasi co-location (QCL) properties corresponding to the SS / PBCH blocks used by the UE for PRACH association have the same DM-RS antenna port QCL properties.

[0162] (RAR reception and QCL concept)

[0163] Based on the PRACH transmission, the UE attempts to detect DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI in a window controlled by the aforementioned higher layers. The window starts in the first symbol of the earliest CORESET for which the UE is configured to receive a PDCCH for a type 1-PDCCH CSS set, i.e., at least 1 symbol after the last symbol of the PRACH opportunity corresponding to the PRACH transmission. The symbol period corresponds to the SCS for the type 1-PDCCH CSS set. The length of the window is based on the SCS for the type 1-PDCCH CSS set, provided by ra-responseWindow as a number of slots.

[0164] If the UE detects a DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI and the LSBs of the SFN field within the DCI format that are identical to the least significant bits (LSBs) of the system frame number (SFN) of the PRACH sent by the UE, and the UE receives a transport block within the corresponding PDSCH, the UE may assume the same DMRS antenna port QCL properties regarding the SS / PBCH blocks or CSI-RS resources used by the UE in the association with the PRACH, regardless of whether the UE is provided with a TCI-State for the CORESET receiving the PDCCH accompanying the DCI format 1_0.

[0165] If the UE attempts to detect DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI according to a PRACH transmission started by a PDCCH order triggering a CFRA procedure for the SpCell, the UE may also assume that the PDCCH containing the DCI format 1_0 and the PDCCH order have the same DMRS antenna port QCL properties. If the UE attempts to detect DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI according to a PRACH transmission started by a PDCCH order triggering a CFRA procedure for the secondary cell, the UE may also assume the DMRS antenna port QCL properties of the CORESET associated with the type 1-PDCCH CSS set used to receive the PDCCH containing the DCI format 1_0.

[0166] The RAR UL grant may also include at least one of a frequency hopping flag field, a PUSCH frequency resource allocation field, a PUSCH time resource configuration field, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field, a PUSCH TPC command field, a CSI request field, and a channel access-cyclic prefix extension (CPext) field.

[0167] If the preamble is repeated with different multiple beams (on different SSBs or different ROs associated with different CSI-RSs), the UE can also assume different QCLs (e.g., beams) for the reception of Msg2 (e.g., base station responses to RAR, BFR). For UEs with limited coverage, the purpose of PRACH repetition with different multiple beams is to improve the decoding performance of the base station (assuming beam correspondence in the UE, the same DL / UL beam in the UE). This does not mean that the UE can decode DL reception with different multiple beams. That is, the following observation 1 is obtained.

[0168] [Insight 1]

[0169] For Msg2 reception after PRACH repetitions with different multiple beams, it is preferred that the UE monitors Msg2 with one beam (at least in FR2).

[0170] Based on Insight 1, the base station and UE need to have a common understanding of the QCL concept for Msg2 reception. For PRACH repetition with different multiple beams, there is no clear common understanding of how to implement the QCL concept. That is, the following Insight 2 is obtained.

[0171] [Insight 2]

[0172] If the UE (at least in FR2) assumes one QCL assumption for reception, the base station and the UE should have a common understanding about the QCL assumption for Msg2 reception. Regarding CFRA, a common understanding can be achieved more easily.

[0173] CBRA is mainly initiated by MAC / RRC. CFRA can be initiated by PDCCH command or MAC / RRC (e.g., BFR, listen before transmission (LBT) failure, system information (SI) request, etc.). For different scenarios, the solutions to the following problems are unclear.

[0174] Whether to apply PRACH repetition with different multiple beams.

[0175] Determine the different plural beams that can be used and the number of repetitions that can be used with the different plural beams.

[0176] ·Determine the QCL assumption for Msg2 reception.

[0177] Here, a QCL scenario of the same beam for DL ​​and UL in the UE and a reference beam for RAR reception is envisaged. However, due to maximum permitted exposure (MPE) / maximum power reduction (MPR), the possibility of different optimal beams for DL ​​and UL is considered. In addition to PRACH coverage enhancement, for the improvement of UL beams, PRACH with different multiple beams can be utilized. Here, the following scenarios 1 and 2 are considered.

[0178] [DL / UL beam concept 1]

[0179] The conventional PRACH is performed to identify the best DL beam. In this case, additional PRACH iterations with different beams (CFRA or CBRA) may be triggered for UL beam management.

[0180] [DL / UL beam concept 2]

[0181] The following implementation #1 / #2 is used for PRACH repetition with different multiple beams. In which, the reference resource / reference beam is indicated, and the QCL of Msg2 is assumed to be the same as the reference beam. Therefore, the best DL beam is identified as the same as the reference beam. In this case, an extension for further realizing UL beam management is considered.

[0182] (PRACH power control process)

[0183] The transmit power of the preamble (PRACH) is calculated by the UE. The transmit power of the PRACH is determined by the open loop power control and the power lifting / ramping mechanism. The UE calculates the transmit power based on the received power set from the network and the value of the preamble power ramping counter.

[0184] In the existing standards, the preamble target received power is given by the following calculation formula.

[0185] PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=

[0186] preambleReceivedTargetPower+DELTA_PREAMBLE+(PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER-1)×PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP

[0187] preambleReceivedTargetPower is the initial random access preamble power for 4-step RA type. DELTA_PREAMBLE is associated with the preamble format. PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER is the number of power ramps. PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP is the ramping step size (setp size).

[0188] Based on the DL RS of the serving cell c in the transmission opportunity i, the UE determines the (actual) transmission power P of the PRACH on the activated UL BWP b of the carrier f of the serving cell c as follows: PRACH,b,f,c (i).

[0189] P PRACH,b,f,c (i) = min{P CMAX,f,c (i),P PRACH,target,f,c +PL b,f,c}[dBm]

[0190] P CMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum output power set to the UE for the carrier f of the serving cell c in the transmission opportunity i. PRACH,target,f,c It is the PRACH target received power PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER provided by the higher layer for the activated UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c. b,f,c The path loss of the activated UL BWP b for carrier f based on the DL RS associated with the PRACH transmission on the activated DL BWP of serving cell c is calculated by the UE as (reference signal power (referenceSignalPower, ss-PBCH-BlockPower) [dBm] - RSRP filtered by higher layers [dBm]) [dB]. If the activated DL BWP is the initial DL BWP and is used for SS / PBCH blocks and multiplexing mode 2 or 3 of CORESET, the UE determines the PL based on the SS / PBCH blocks associated with the PRACH transmission. b,f,c .

[0191] The DL RS used for path loss calculation may also be referred to as path loss (PL)-RS, path loss reference RS, etc.

[0192] In the existing RACH process, if the UE sends PRACH and does not receive the network's RAR or contention / conflict resolution Msg4 within a specific time window, and the random access process is not completed, the UE resends the PRACH after a random backoff time.

[0193] If the UE supports multiple transmit (TX) beams, the power ramp-up mechanism follows the following.

[0194] If the transmit beam does not change, the power of the newly transmitted PRACH increases based on the last transmit power. If the selected SSB or CSI-RS does not change based on the selection in the last random access preamble transmission, the preamble power ramp-up counter increases by 1. Figure 1 In the example, RO1 to 3 are associated with the same beam. When a preamble is transmitted in RO1 to 3, the counter value is changed.

[0195] When the UE switches the transmit beam, the preamble power ramp-up counter is not changed. Figure 2 In the example, RO1 to 3 are associated with different beams. When the preamble is transmitted in RO1 to 3, the counter value is not changed.

[0196] In the conventional procedure, when the random access procedure (process) is completed, the preamble power ramp-up counter is reset. The completion flag of the random access procedure is the following completion 1 or 2.

[0197] (Completion 1) Random access is successful and the random access process is completed. It follows the following operations.

[0198] If a random access preamble is sent, regardless of the possibility of the generation of a measurement gap, the MAC entity starts the RAR window (ra-ResponseWindow) set in BeamFailureRecoveryConfig or RACH-ConfigCommon in the first PDCCH opportunity from the end of the random access preamble transmission. Thereafter, the MAC entity monitors the PDCCH of the SpCell for the RAR identified by the RA-RNTI in the operation of the ra-ResponseWindow.

[0199] ·On ​​the serving cell sending the preamble, upon receiving a notification of receipt of a PDCCH on the search space indicated by recoverySearchSpaceId from the lower layer, and the PDCCH is sent to the C-RNTI, and the CFRA preamble for beam failure recovery request is sent by the MAC entity, the MAC entity shall regard the random access procedure as successfully completed.

[0200] Otherwise, if a valid DL allocation is received on the PDCCH for the RA-RNTI, the MAC entity follows (1) to (3) below if the received TB is successfully decoded.

[0201] (1) If the RAR contains a MAC sub-PDU with a random access preamble identifier corresponding to the sent PREAMBLE_INDEX, the MAC entity considers that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0202] (2) If the RAR contains a MAC sub-PDU accompanied only by a RAPID (Random Access Preamble Identifier), the MAC entity considers that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0203] (3) If the random access preamble is a preamble within the CBRA preamble that is not selected by the MAC entity, the MAC entity deems that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0204] ·If Msg3 is sent, the MAC entity starts ra-ContentionResolutionTimer and restarts ra-ContentionResolutionTimer in each HARQ retransmission within the first codeword after the end of Msg3 transmission. Thereafter, regardless of the possibility of the occurrence of measurement gaps, the MAC entity monitors PDCCH in the operation of ra-ContentionResolutionTimer. Thereafter, in the case of receiving a notification of the reception of the PDCCH transmission of the SpCell from the lower layer and the C-RNTI MAC CE is included in Msg3, the MAC entity follows the following. If the SpCell beam failure recovery random access procedure is started and the PDCCH is sent to the C-RNTI, or if the random access procedure is started by a PDCCH command and the PDCCH is sent to the C-RNTI, or if the random access procedure is started by the MAC sublayer itself or the RRC sublayer, the PDCCH is sent to the C-RNTI and contains a UL grant for a new transmission, the MAC entity deems that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0205] Otherwise, if Msg3 contains a common control channel (CCCH, logical channel) service data unit (SDU), the PDCCH is sent to the TEMPORARY_C-RNTI, and the MAC PDU is successfully decoded. If the MAC PDU contains a UE ContentionResolution Identity (UE ContentionResolution Identity) MAC CE, and the UE Contention Resolution Identity in the MAC CE is consistent with the CCCH SDU sent in Msg3, the MAC entity considers that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0206] (Completion 2) Random access fails and the random access process is completed. It follows the following operations.

[0207] When any of the following (1) to (3) is satisfied, the MAC entity discards the TEMPORARY_C-RNTI and regards the contention resolution as a failure.

[0208] (1) If the ra-ResponseWindow set in the BeamFailureRecoveryConfig expires, and if the serving cell sending the preamble does not receive a PDCCH transmission on the search space indicated by the recoverySearchSpaceId sent to the C-RNTI.

[0209] (2) If the ra-ResponseWindow configured in the common RACH configuration (RACH-ConfigCommon) expires, and if a RAR including a random access preamble identifier consistent with the transmitted PREAMBLE_INDEX is not received.

[0210] (3) If the RA contention resolution timer (ra-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires.

[0211] In the event of a contention resolution failure, the MAC entity increases PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER by 1. If PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER = preambleTransMax+1, the MAC entity complies with the following (1) and (2).

[0212] (1) If a random access preamble is sent on the SpCell and the random access procedure is triggered for a system information (SI) request, the MAC entity regards that the random access procedure has been completed unsuccessfully.

[0213] (2) If a random access preamble is sent on the SCell, the MAC entity regards that the random access procedure has been completed unsuccessfully.

[0214] The rising transmission power due to the gradual increase in the power of the preamble code is calculated from the above P CMAX,f,c (i) Limitation: The number of times (counter) the preamble is transmitted (power ramped up) is limited by the aforementioned preambleTransMax.

[0215] exist Figure 3 In the example of , after the RA preamble is sent, the UE starts the RAR window and monitors the RAR PDCCH (S110). If the UE receives the RAR PDCCH under several conditions (S120: Yes (Y)), the UE regards that the RA process is successfully completed or prepares to send Msg3 (S130). In the opposite case (S120: No (N)), if the RAR window expires (S140: Yes (Y)), the UE regards that the RA process is completed unsuccessfully or restarts the RA resource selection process (S150). In S140, if the RAR window has not expired (S140: Yes (Y)), the UE returns to S120.

[0216] (PRACH uplink coverage improvement)

[0217] The following two types of multiple PRACH transmissions are being studied.

[0218] [Type 1 multiple PRACH transmission]

[0219] The UE repeatedly transmits Msg1 on n random access opportunities (RO) / RO resources. Thereafter, the UE waits for detection of Msg2 in a set type 1 PDCCH opportunity. In the present disclosure, repeated transmission of preambles in n ROs / RO resources is sometimes referred to as an RO group. Figure 4A An example of the timing of type 1 multi-PRACH transmission is shown. In this example, the size of the RO group (the number of ROs in the RO group) is n. After one RO group, one RAR window starts.

[0220] [Type 2 multiple PRACH transmission]

[0221] The UE repeatedly sends Msg1 on n random access opportunity (RO) resources. After sending Msg1 on each RO, the UE waits for the detection of Msg2 in a type 1 PDCCH opportunity. Figure 4B An example of the timing of type 2 multi-PRACH transmission is shown. In this example, the size of the RO group (the number of ROs in the RO group) is n. After each RO, one RAR window starts.

[0222] Considering whether the beams of Msg1 within an RO group are the same or different, as a use case of type 1 multi-PRACH transmission, consider the following scenarios 1-1 to 1-3, and as a use case of type 2 multi-PRACH transmission, consider the following scenarios 2-1 to 2-3.

[0223] [Scenario 1-1]

[0224] Type 1 multi-PRACH transmission can also use the same beam to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 once. Figure 5A In the example of FIG. 1 , within one RO group, the same transmit beam is used to send n PRACH repetitions.

[0225] [Scenario 1-2]

[0226] Type 1 multi-PRACH transmission can also use different beams to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 once. Figure 5B In the example of FIG. 1 , within one RO group, PRACH is sent n times repeatedly using different transmit beams.

[0227] [Scenario 1-3]

[0228] Type 1 multi-PRACH transmission can also use the composite beam mode to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 once. Figure 5C In the example of , a composite beam pattern is used to send n PRACH repetitions in one RO group. In this example, the composite beam pattern may include the same beams in multiple ROs or different beams.

[0229] [Scenario 2-1]

[0230] Type 2 multi-PRACH transmission can also use the same beam to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 n times. Fig. 6A In the example of FIG. 1 , within one RO group, the same transmit beam is used to send n PRACH repetitions.

[0231] [Scenario 2-2]

[0232] Type 2 multi-PRACH transmission can also use different beams to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 n times. Figure 6B In the example of FIG. 1 , within one RO group, PRACH is sent n times repeatedly using different transmit beams.

[0233] [Scenario 2-3]

[0234] Type 2 multi-PRACH transmission can also use the composite beam mode to repeatedly send Msg1 n times and receive Msg2 n times. Figure 6C In the example of , a composite beam pattern is used to send n PRACH repetitions in one RO group. In this example, the composite beam pattern may include the same beams in multiple ROs or different beams.

[0235] It is not clear whether to maintain a common power ramp-up counter or a dedicated power ramp-up counter for different beams. It is not clear when the power ramp-up counter is changed in each case. It is not clear when the power ramp-up counter is reset in each case. The determination of the power ramp-up step size is not clear. It is not clear how to determine the PL-RS used for PRACH transmit power calculation. As described above, if the determination of the PRACH transmit power is unclear, there is a concern that it may lead to a decrease in communication throughput.

[0236] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conceived a method for determining the PRACH repetitive transmission power.

[0237] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0238] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be replaced with each other. In addition, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0239] In the present disclosure, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, determine, etc. may also be mutually rewritten. In the present disclosure, support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may also be mutually rewritten.

[0240] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, high-layer parameters, information elements (IE), settings, etc. can also be overwritten with each other. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. can also be overwritten with each other.

[0241] In the present disclosure, the high-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, etc., or a combination thereof.

[0242] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, MAC Control Element (MACCE), MAC Protocol Data Unit (MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)), etc. Broadcast information may also be, for example, Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB), minimum system information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), Other System Information (Other System Information (OSI)), etc.

[0243] In the present disclosure, the physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)), uplink control information (Uplink Control Information (UCI)), etc.

[0244] In the present disclosure, index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may also be mutually overwritten. In the present disclosure, sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may also be mutually overwritten.

[0245] In the present disclosure, panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, uplink (UL) transmission entity, transmission / reception point (TRP)), base station, spatial relationship information (Spatial Relation Information (SRI)), spatial relationship, SRS resource indicator (SRS Resource Indicator (SRI)), control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)), physical downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), codeword (Codeword (CW)), transport block (Transport Block (TB)), reference signal (Reference Signal (RS)), antenna port (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, code division multiplexing (Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, physical uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) group, PUCCH resource group), resources (for example, reference signal resources, SRS resources), resource sets (for example, reference signal resource sets), CORESET pool, downlink transmission configuration indication state (Transmission Configuration Indication state) (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state (unified TCI state), common TCI state (common TCI state), Quasi-Co-Location (Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)), QCL assumptions, etc. can also be rewritten with each other.

[0246] In the present disclosure, the SSB / CSI-RS index / indicator, beam index, and TCI status can also be rewritten.

[0247] (Wireless Communication Method)

[0248] In each implementation manner, the UE, MAC entity, high layer, low layer, and base station may also rewrite each other.

[0249] In each embodiment, period, cycle, frame, subframe, time slot, symbol, opportunity, and RO may be replaced with each other.

[0250] In each embodiment, a repetition period, a repetition configuration period, a repetition cycle, and a repetition cycle may be replaced with each other.

[0251] In each embodiment, timing, RACH timing (RO), PRACH timing, repetition resources, repetition setting resources, resources set for RO / repetition, time instance and frequency instance, time resources and frequency resources, RO / preamble code resources, and repetition can also be rewritten with each other.

[0252] In each embodiment, the PDCCH command, PDCCH command DCI, DCI format 1_0, and message (Msg) 0 may also be overwritten with each other. In each embodiment, PRACH, preamble, PRACH preamble, sequence, preamble format, and Msg1 may also be overwritten with each other. In each embodiment, the response to PRACH, RAR, Msg2, MsgB, Msg4, base station response to BFR, and DCI for scheduling response may also be overwritten with each other. In each embodiment, transmissions other than PRACH during random access, Msg3, PUSCH scheduled by RAR, HARQ-ACK / PUCCH for Msg4, and MsgA PUSCH may also be overwritten with each other. In each embodiment, Msg3, PUSCH scheduled by RAR UL grant, and RRC connection request may also be overwritten with each other. In each embodiment, Msg4, contention resolution, RRC connection setup, and PDSCH accompanied by a UE contention resolution identity may also be overwritten.

[0253] In each embodiment, the beam, SSB, and SSB index may also be overwritten with each other.

[0254] In each embodiment, the random access (RA) procedure, CFRA / CBRA, 4-step RACH / 2-step RACH, a specific type of random access procedure, a random access procedure using a specific PRACH format, a random access procedure started by a PDCCH command, a random access procedure not started by a PDCCH command, and a random access procedure started by a higher layer may also be overwritten with each other.

[0255] In various implementations, the preamble power ramp-up counter, the counter, and the counter value may also be overwritten with each other. In various implementations, the preamble power ramp-up step size, the ramp-up step size, and the step size may also be overwritten with each other.

[0256] In each embodiment, PL-RS, SSB, and CSI-RS may also replace each other.

[0257] <Implementation method #1>

[0258] A common or dedicated up-counter may also be used for different multiple PRACH transmit beams.

[0259] Option 1

[0260] A common up-counter may also be supported for different multiple PRACH transmission beams, thereby enabling rapid increase of PRACH coverage regardless of the associated beams.

[0261] [How to change the counter value]

[0262] The counter value can also be changed according to any of the following options.

[0263] [[Option 1]]

[0264] The change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter may also be RO. This may also mean that at each time when the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 in an RO group, the value of the power ramp-up counter increases by 1, for example, in each RO in an RO group, the transmission power increases according to the ramp-up step size.

[0265] [[Option 2]]

[0266] The change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter may also be the RO group. This may also mean that at each time when the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 in an RO group, the value of the power ramp-up counter is not changed but maintained, for example, the same transmission power is maintained in an RO group.

[0267] [Upper limit of counter value]

[0268] In order to prevent the power of the preamble sent by the UE from being maintained at a high level, an upper limit value may be introduced. When the value of the counter exceeds the predetermined upper limit value, the value of the counter may be maintained without change until the random access process is completed and the counter is reset.

[0269] [How to reset the counter value]

[0270] In order to be consistent with the existing protocol (specification), the counter may also be reset when the random access procedure is completed.

[0271] Option 2

[0272] Dedicated (separate, specific, beam-specific) ramp-up counters may also be supported for different multiple PRACH transmit beams. Thus, the PRACH transmit power may be appropriately adjusted depending on the associated beam. Dedicated ramp-up counters may also be supported for groups of beams within different multiple PRACH transmit beams.

[0273] [How to change the counter value]

[0274] For each beam-specific power ramp-up counter, the timing of the change of the counter value may also follow the aforementioned Rel. 15 rule. That is, when the UE retransmits Msg1 using a certain beam (direction), or when the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 using a certain beam (direction), the power ramp-up counter corresponding to the beam may also be increased by 1.

[0275] [Upper limit of counter value]

[0276] In order to prevent the power of the preamble sent by the UE from being maintained at a high level, an upper limit value may also be introduced. The upper limit value may also be preambleTransMax. The upper limit value may be specified in the specification or set by RRC. Regarding the upper limit value, the UE may also follow any of the following options.

[0277] [[Option a]]

[0278] When the counter value for a certain beam exceeds preambleTransMax, the counter value for the beam is maintained at preambleTransMax.

[0279] [[Option b]]

[0280] When the counter value for a beam exceeds preambleTransMax, the counter value for the beam is reset.

[0281] [[Option c]]

[0282] When the counter value for a certain beam exceeds preambleTransMax (and when any of the conditions in "Content resolution fails" in the aforementioned "Completion 2" occurs), the RA process is deemed to have completed unsuccessfully.

[0283] [[option d]]

[0284] When all counter values ​​(for all beams) exceed preambleTransMax (and when any of the conditions in "Content resolution fails" of the aforementioned "Completion 2" occurs), the RA procedure is deemed to have completed unsuccessfully.

[0285] [How to reset the counter value]

[0286] In order to be consistent with existing protocols (specifications), the counter for each beam may also be reset when the random access procedure is completed.

[0287] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine the values ​​of one or more power ramp-up counters for PRACH repetitions, and can appropriately determine the PRACH transmission power.

[0288] <Implementation method #2>

[0289] The ramp-up step size (step size) for the power ramp-up counter may also be determined.

[0290] Option 1

[0291] Existing rules may also be reused. That is, PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP may also be set to the power ramping factor (powerRampingStep [dB] set by RRC IE) considered for all PRACH transmissions.

[0292] Option 2

[0293] New parameters for multiple PRACH transmission after Rel.18 (e.g., multi-PRACHpowerRampingStep[dB]) may also be added. For example, PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP may also be set as a power ramping factor (ramping step size, multi-PRACHpowerRampingStep[dB] set by RRC IE) for multiple PRACH transmission.

[0294] [Option 2-1]

[0295] Instead of existing parameters (eg, power ramp factor) for multiple PRACH transmissions, new parameters may also be used.

[0296] [Option 2-2]

[0297] The new parameters may also be used together with existing parameters (eg, power ramp factor) for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0298] The number of parameters (existing / new parameters) for the ramp-up step size may also be the same as the number of power ramp-up counters. The number of parameters (existing / new parameters) for the ramp-up step size may also be the same as the maximum number of beams used for PRACH transmission.

[0299] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine the increasing step size for PRACH repetition and appropriately determine the PRACH transmission power.

[0300] <Implementation method #3>

[0301] It is also possible to consider multiple beams to determine the actual transmission power of PRACH.

[0302] Option 1

[0303] For a specific PRACH beam or a specific RO, an explicit SSB index (for example, option 1-1 / 1-2 described later) may be set by RRC IE. The actual transmission power of the PRACH may also be determined based on the SSB index.

[0304] Option 2

[0305] The actual transmission power of the PRACH may also be determined based on the default SSB. For example, the default SSB may be an SSB associated with an RO resource, an SSB with a minimum / maximum SSB index within multiple SSBs associated with multiple RO resources within an RO group, an SSB with a maximum / minimum RSRP / RSRQ within multiple SSBs associated with multiple RO resources within an RO group, an SSB with a minimum / maximum SSB index within all received SSBs, or an SSB with a maximum / minimum RSRP / RSRQ within all received SSBs (for example, options 1-3 / 1-4 described later).

[0306] UE can also determine the path loss PL based on PL-RS b,f,c . PL-RS can also be SSB or CSI-RS.

[0307] Option 1

[0308] For multiple PRACH transmissions within the same RO group, the same PL-RS may also be applied.

[0309] [Option 1-1]

[0310] PL-RS may also be an explicit SSB index set / indicated for each PRACH beam or each RO via PBCH or type-0 PDCCH or PDCCH command (PDCCH triggering RA). Figure 7As in the example, the SSB index for each RO can also be set / indicated (association / mapping of RO and SSB index). The PL-RS can also be the first / second / last / randomly selected SSB in the RO group and set / indicated for the RO / beam.

[0311] [Option 1-2]

[0312] The PL-RS may also be an SSB or CSI-RS with an explicit SSB index or CSI-RS index indicated by a PDCCH order (PDCCH triggering RA).

[0313] [Options 1-3]

[0314] If multiple ROs in the RO group are associated with different multiple SSBs, the PL-RS can be either an SSB with a minimum / maximum SSB index within multiple SSBs associated with multiple RO resources in the RO group, or an SSB with a maximum / minimum RSRP / RSRQ within multiple SSBs associated with multiple RO resources in the RO group. Otherwise (if multiple ROs in the RO group are associated with one SSB), only the SSB associated with the multiple ROs can be selected as the PL-RS.

[0315] [Options 1-4]

[0316] PL-RS can be an SSB with the minimum / maximum SSB index among all received SSBs, an SSB with the maximum / minimum RSRP / RSRQ among all received SSBs, or an SSB with the maximum / minimum RSRP / RSRQ among the received SSBs whose RSRP is higher than the threshold.

[0317] In the present disclosure, “via PBCH” may also be rewritten as “via at least one of a PBCH DMRS and a (physical layer) payload of a PBCH”.

[0318] Option 2

[0319] The PL-RS may be determined independently for each PRACH transmission within the same RO group.

[0320] [Option 2-1]

[0321] The PL-RS for each RO may also be determined according to the rules of Rel.15.

[0322] [Option 2-2]

[0323] PL-RS may also be an explicit SSB index set / indicated for each PRACH beam or each RO via PBCH or type-0 PDCCH or PDCCH command (PDCCH triggering RA). The UE may also determine the PL-RS for each RO based on the mapping relationship.

[0324] [Option 2-3]

[0325] The PL-RS may also be indicated individually for each RO by a PDCCH command (PDCCH triggering RA).

[0326] [Option 2-4]

[0327] The PL-RS may be an SSB / CSI-RS selected for each PRACH transmission among the SSB / CSI-RS whose RSRP of the received SSB / CSI-RS is higher than the threshold. The order of the selection may also follow any of the following orders.

[0328] Descending order of RSRP.

[0329] In ascending order of RSRP.

[0330] (As in Rel. 17, no explicit rules are used) Randomly selected order.

[0331] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine the PL-RS for PRACH repetition and appropriately determine the PRACH transmission power.

[0332] <Implementation method #1 / Specific example of option 1>

[0333] The following describes specific examples of the above-mentioned situations in which a common up-counter is used for a plurality of different PRACH transmission beams.

[0334] 《Scenario 1-1》

[0335] [How to change the counter value]

[0336] If the change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter is RO (option 1 of the counter value change method), the UE may also increase the PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER by 1 each time (repetition / RO) that Msg1 in one RO group is repeatedly sent. This may have a strong impact on Msg1 sent by other UEs.

[0337] In the following examples, each RO group includes n ROs (RO1 to ROn).

[0338] exist Figure 8In the example, Msg1 transmitted from UE1 on RO2 does not have a strong influence on Msg1 transmitted by other UEs on RO2 due to different beam directions. However, Msg1 transmitted by UE1 on ROn strongly interferes with Msg1 transmitted by other UEs on ROn due to close beam directions. At this time, the transmission power of Msg1 of UE1 reaches a high level after rising several times.

[0339] Therefore, option 2 of the method of changing the counter value is preferred.

[0340] In an RO group, the UE may also use the same beam to repeatedly send Msg1 without increasing the transmission power.

[0341] Between multiple RO groups, the change in the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter depends on whether the beam is switched.

[0342] exist Fig. 9 In the example of , if the beams are not switched between multiple RO groups, the power is increased by a gradual increase step size based on the power of the immediately previous RO group. In this example, the same beam as that of RO group 1 is used in RO group 2. The value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 2 is M+1.

[0343] exist Fig.10 In the example of , if beams are switched between multiple RO groups, the power of the immediately previous RO group is maintained for transmission. In this example, a beam different from that of RO group 1 is used in RO group 2. The value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 2 is maintained.

[0344] 《Scenario 1-2》

[0345] [How to change the counter value]

[0346] If the change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter is RO (option 1 of the counter value change method), the UE may also increase the PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER by 1 each time (repetition / RO) the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 within a RO group. This makes it difficult for the base station to determine whether the better UE transmit beam is due to the increased power or the beam direction is more consistent. This may be detrimental to the selection of beam pairs between the UE and the base station.

[0347] exist Fig.11In the example, the Tx beam direction of Msg1 sent from UE1 on RO2 best matches the receive (Rx) beam of the base station. The beam direction of Msg1 sent from UE1 on ROn does not match the Rx beam of the base station, but since the transmit power reaches a high level after several increases, the reception strength on the base station side is high. The base station cannot distinguish the best Tx beam for UE1.

[0348] Therefore, option 2 of the method of changing the counter value is preferred.

[0349] In an RO group, the UE may also use the same beam to repeatedly send Msg1 without increasing the transmission power.

[0350] The value of the preamble power ramp-up counter may or may not be changed between multiple RO groups.

[0351] Fig.12 In the example of , the power can also be increased based on the power of the immediately previous RO group and the gradual increase step size. In this example, the value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 2 is M+1.

[0352] exist Fig.13 In the example of , if beams are switched between multiple RO groups, the power of the immediately previous RO group may be maintained for transmission. In this example, the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 2 is maintained.

[0353] 《Scenario 1-3》

[0354] [How to change the counter value]

[0355] If the change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter is RO (option 1 of the counter value change method), the UE may also increase the PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER by 1 each time (repetition / RO) that the Msg1 in one RO group is repeatedly sent. This may cause strong interference to Msg1 sent by other existing UEs that do not use multi-PRACH, and it is difficult for the base station to determine whether the better UE transmission beam is due to the increased power or the beam direction is more matched. This may be detrimental to the selection of beam pairs between the UE and the base station.

[0356] exist Fig.14In the example, UE1 sends n Msg1s using a composite beam mode within an RO group. First, Msg1 with beam 1 is sent 3 times, then Msg1 with beam 2 is sent 2 times, and this is repeated until n Msg1s are sent. If UE1 increases the transmission power according to a gradually increasing step size in each time (repetition / RO), the transmission power of UE1 on RO3 becomes high in the case of repeated transmission of Msg1, which has a strong impact on the Msg1 sent by other existing UE2 in the beam direction. Furthermore, in order for the base station to distinguish which Tx beam is better for the UE sending Msg1, the transmission power between different multiple beams should be matched.

[0357] Therefore, option 2 of the method of changing the counter value is preferred.

[0358] In an RO group, the UE may also use the same beam to repeatedly send Msg1 without increasing the transmission power.

[0359] The value of the preamble power ramp-up counter may or may not be changed between multiple RO groups.

[0360] exist Fig.15 In the example of , the power can also be increased based on the power of the immediately previous RO group and the gradual increase step size. In this example, the value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power gradual increase counter in RO group 2 is M+1.

[0361] exist Fig.16 In the example of , if beams are switched between multiple RO groups, the power of the immediately previous RO group may be maintained for transmission. In this example, the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 1 is M, and the value of the preamble power ramp-up counter in RO group 2 is maintained.

[0362] 《Scenario 2-1》

[0363] [How to change the counter value]

[0364] In order to maximize the possibility that UE1 has at least one PRACH successfully received by the base station in an RO group, the change unit of the preamble power ramp-up counter can also be selected according to option 1 of the counter value change method. That is, the UE can also increase the PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER by 1 each time (repetition / RO) that Msg1 is sent repeatedly.

[0365] [How to reset the counter value]

[0366] In order to prevent the transmission power of UE1 from being maintained at a high level, the reset condition of the preamble power ramp-up counter may be implementation mode #1 / option 1. That is, after the counter value reaches the upper limit value, it may be maintained without being changed.

[0367] Therefore, Option 1 of the method for changing the counter value is preferred, and the upper limit value is useful. Fig.17 In the example of , in one RO group, the UE may increase the counter value by 1 each time Msg1 is sent repeatedly (repetition / RO).

[0368] Among a plurality of RO groups, a method of changing the value of the preamble power up counter may be selected depending on whether or not to switch beams.

[0369] exist Fig.18 In the example of , if the beam is not switched between multiple RO groups, the power can also be increased based on the power of the immediately previous RO group based on the gradual increase step size. When the counter value reaches the upper limit value, it is maintained without change. In this example, between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2, the power increases (the counter value M+n-1 is increased by 1), and in RO2 in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit value M+n+1.

[0370] exist Fig.19 In the example of , when beams are switched between multiple RO groups, the power of the immediately preceding RO group may be maintained for transmission. When the counter value reaches the upper limit, it is maintained without change. In this example, the power does not increase between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2 (the counter value M+n-1 does not change), and in ROn in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit M+n+1.

[0371] 《Scenario 2-2》

[0372] [How to change the counter value]

[0373] Same as situation 2-1.

[0374] [How to reset the counter value]

[0375] Same as situation 2-1.

[0376] Therefore, Option 1 of the method for changing the counter value is preferred, and the upper limit value is useful. Fig. 20 In the example of , in one RO group, the UE may increase the counter value by 1 each time Msg1 is sent repeatedly (repetition / RO).

[0377] The value of the preamble power ramp-up counter may or may not be changed between multiple RO groups.

[0378] exist Fig.21 In the example of , the power may also be increased based on the power of the immediately preceding RO based on the gradual increase step size. When the counter value reaches the upper limit value, it is maintained without change. In this example, the power increases between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2 (the counter value M+n-1 is increased by 1), and in RO2 in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit value M+n+1.

[0379] exist Fig. 22 In the example of , the power of the immediately preceding RO group may be maintained for transmission. When the counter value reaches the upper limit, it is maintained without change. In this example, the power does not increase between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2 (the counter value M+n-1 does not change), and in ROn in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit M+n+1.

[0380] 《Scenario 2-3》

[0381] [How to change the counter value]

[0382] Same as situation 2-1.

[0383] [How to reset the counter value]

[0384] Same as situation 2-1.

[0385] Therefore, Option 1 of the method for changing the counter value is preferred, and the upper limit value is useful. Fig.23 In the example of , in one RO group, the UE may increase the counter value by 1 each time Msg1 is sent repeatedly (repetition / RO).

[0386] The value of the preamble power ramp-up counter may or may not be changed between multiple RO groups.

[0387] exist Fig.24 In the example of , the power may also be increased based on the power of the immediately preceding RO based on the gradual increase step size. When the counter value reaches the upper limit value, it is maintained without change. In this example, the power increases between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2 (the counter value M+n-1 is increased by 1), and in RO2 in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit value M+n+1.

[0388] exist Fig.25In the example of , the power of the immediately preceding RO group may be maintained for transmission. When the counter value reaches the upper limit, it is maintained without change. In this example, the power does not increase between ROn in RO group 1 and RO1 in RO group 2 (the counter value M+n-1 does not change), and in ROn in RO group 2, the counter reaches the upper limit M+n+1.

[0389] <Specific example of implementation #1 / option 2>

[0390] The following describes specific examples of the above-mentioned situations when a dedicated up-counter is used for different multiple PRACH transmission beams.

[0391] 《Scenario 1-1》

[0392] exist Fig.26 In the example, the UE repeatedly transmits Msg1 using the same beam in one RO group, maintaining its power in each transmission. The UE uses beam-specific counters 1 and 2. Since the group of RO group 1 is the same as the beam of RO group 3 (since RO group 1 and RO group 3 use the same counter), the transmit power of RO group 3 is based on the transmit power of RO group 1 rather than the transmit power of RO group 2, and thus increases based on the ramp-up step size (determined by increasing the same counter as RO group 1 by 1).

[0393] 《Scenario 1-2》

[0394] exist Fig. 27 In the example, the UE repeatedly transmits Msg1 using different beams in one RO group. The UE uses an independent power ramp-up counter in each beam direction. The transmit power of Msg1 on each beam is set according to the value of its own independent counter (beam-specific counters 1 to 3). Since the beam of RO1 in RO group 2 is the same as the beam of RO1 in RO group 1 (since RO1 in RO group 2 and RO1 in RO group 1 use the same counter), the transmit power of RO1 in RO group 2 is based on the transmit power of RO1 in RO group 1, thereby increasing based on the ramp-up step size (determined by increasing the same counter as RO1 in RO group 1 by 1). Since the beam of RO2 in RO group 2 is the same as the beam of RO2 in RO group 1 (since RO2 in RO group 2 and RO2 in RO group 1 use the same counter), the transmit power of RO2 in RO group 2 is based on the transmit power of RO2 in RO group 1, thereby increasing based on the ramp-up step size (determined by increasing the same counter as RO2 in RO group 1 by 1).

[0395] 《Scenario 1-3》

[0396] exist Fig.28In the example, the UE repeatedly transmits Msg1 using a composite beam mode in an RO group. The UE uses an independent power ramp-up counter (beam-specific counters 1 to 2) in each beam direction. The transmit power of Msg1 on each beam is set according to the value of its own independent counter. Since the beam of RO1 in RO group 2 is the same as the beam of RO2 in RO group 1 (since RO1 in RO group 2 and RO2 in RO group 1 use the same counter), the transmit power of RO1 in RO group 2 is based on the transmit power of RO2 in RO group 1, and thus increases based on the ramp-up step size (determined by increasing the same counter as RO1 in RO group 1 by 1). Since the beam of RO2 in RO group 2 is the same as the beam of RO2 in RO group 1 (since RO2 in RO group 2 and RO2 in RO group 1 use the same counter), the transmit power of RO2 in RO group 2 is based on the transmit power of RO2 in RO group 1, and thus increases based on the ramp-up step size (determined by increasing the same counter as RO2 in RO group 1 by 1).

[0397] 《Scenario 2-1》

[0398] exist Fig.29 In the example, the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 using the same beam in one RO group, and its power increases based on the ramp-up step size in each transmission. The UE switches the transmission beam between two adjacent RO groups. Each beam direction uses an independent power ramp-up counter (beam-specific counters 1 to 2) and performs power control for each beam direction based on its own counter.

[0399] 《Scenario 2-2》

[0400] exist Fig.30 In the example, the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 using different beams in an RO group, and its power increases based on the ramp-up step size in each transmission. Each beam direction uses an independent power ramp-up counter (beam-specific counters 1 to 3) and performs power control for each beam direction based on its own counter.

[0401] 《Scenario 2-3》

[0402] exist Fig.31 In the example, the UE repeatedly sends Msg1 in a RO group using a composite beam mode, and its power is increased based on the ramp-up step size in each transmission. Each beam direction uses an independent power ramp-up counter (beam-specific counters 1 to 2) and performs power control for each beam direction based on its own counter.

[0403] <Supplement>

[0404] At least one operation in the above-mentioned implementation manner may also be applied only to a UE that reports a specific UE capability (UE capability) or supports the specific UE capability.

[0405] The specific UE capability may also represent at least one of the following:

[0406] Supporting specific processing / operation / control / information of at least one of the above embodiments.

[0407] Support for multiple PRACH repetitions with the same beam.

[0408] Support multiple PRACH repetitions with different beams.

[0409] Support multiple PRACH transmissions with one Msg2 for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0410] Support multiple PRACH transmissions with one Msg2 for each PRACH transmission.

[0411] • Support of dedicated preamble power ramp-up counters for different multiple beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0412] - Supporting a common preamble power ramp-up counter for different multiple beams used for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0413] • Support for preamble power ramp-up counter that changes per RO for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0414] Support for preamble power ramp-up counter that changes per RO group for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0415] - Support of new power ramp-up step sizes (ramp-up step sizes) for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0416] Support for explicit path loss RS setting for multiple PRACH transmissions.

[0417] In addition, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that are applied across the entire frequency (commonly regardless of the frequency), or capabilities for each frequency (for example, cell, band, BWP), or capabilities for each frequency range (for example, Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or capabilities for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)).

[0418] In addition, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities applied in all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities of each duplex mode (for example, time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD)).

[0419] In addition, at least one operation in the above-mentioned embodiments may also be applied when the UE is configured with specific information associated with the above-mentioned embodiments through high-layer signaling. For example, the specific information may also be information indicating activation of at least one operation in the above-mentioned embodiments, any RRC parameter for a specific version (e.g., Rel.18), etc.

[0420] When the UE does not support at least one of the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the above-mentioned specific information, the UE may also apply the operations of Rel.15 / 16 / 17, for example.

[0421] [Note 1]

[0422] A terminal has:

[0423] a control unit that determines a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and determines a transmission power corresponding to each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters; and

[0424] The sending unit sends a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources respectively.

[0425] [Note 2]

[0426] The terminal as described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the one or more counters are a counter common to multiple beams used for the multiple resources.

[0427] [Note 3]

[0428] The terminal as described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the one or more counters are multiple counters dedicated to multiple beams used for the multiple resources.

[0429] [Note 4]

[0430] The terminal as described in any one of Supplement 1 to Supplement 3, wherein for the one or more counters, one or more step sizes for increasing the transmission power are set.

[0431] (Supplementary Note B)

[0432] The following inventions are added to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0433] [Note 1]

[0434] A terminal has:

[0435] a control unit, determining a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, determining one or more path loss reference signals for the plurality of groups, and determining a plurality of transmit powers respectively corresponding to the plurality of resources based on the one or more path loss reference signals; and

[0436] The sending unit sends a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources respectively.

[0437] [Note 2]

[0438] The terminal as described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit uses a plurality of beams in the plurality of iterations.

[0439] [Note 3]

[0440] The terminal as described in Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit determines a path loss reference signal for one group.

[0441] [Note 4]

[0442] A terminal as described in Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit determines a path loss reference signal for each resource in a group.

[0443] (Wireless Communication System)

[0444] Hereinafter, a configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In the wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0445] Fig.32 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic structure of a wireless communication system involved in one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may also be a system that implements communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the fifth generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), and the like.

[0446] In addition, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)) between multiple radio access technologies (Radio Access Technology (RAT)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA))) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC))), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC))), etc.

[0447] In EN-DC, the base station (eNB) of LTE (E-UTRA) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the base station (gNB) of NR is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the base station (gNB) of NR is the MN, and the base station (eNB) of LTE (E-UTRA) is the SN.

[0448] The wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC)) where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB)).

[0449] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 that forms a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) that is configured in the macro cell C1 and forms a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located in at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the method shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when the base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they are collectively referred to as base stations 10.

[0450] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the plurality of base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may use at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using a plurality of component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0451] Each CC may also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may also be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (lower than 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz)), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz)). In addition, the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to this. For example, FR1 may also correspond to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0452] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication in each CC using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD).

[0453] Multiple base stations 10 may also be connected via wired (e.g., optical fiber based on Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, the base station 11 equivalent to the upper station may also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 equivalent to a relay station (relay) may also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0454] The base station 10 may also be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may also include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0455] The user terminal 20 may also be a terminal that supports at least one of communication modes such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0456] In the wireless communication system 1, a wireless access method based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL), cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.

[0457] The radio access scheme may also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the radio access schemes for UL and DL.

[0458] In the wireless communication system 1, as downlink channels, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH))), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) and the like may be used.

[0459] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20), an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH))), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and the like may be used as uplink channels.

[0460] The PDSCH transmits user data, high-layer control information, system information block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH transmits user data, high-layer control information, etc. In addition, the PBCH transmits the master information block (MIB).

[0461] The PDCCH may also transmit lower layer control information. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information of at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0462] In addition, the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may also be referred to as DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may also be referred to as UL grant, UL DCI, etc. In addition, the PDSCH may also be rewritten as DL data, and the PUSCH may also be rewritten as UL data.

[0463] In the detection of PDCCH, the control resource set (CORESET) and the search space can also be used. CORESET corresponds to the resources for searching DCI. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method of PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space setting.

[0464] A search space may also correspond to a PDCCH candidate corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", "CORESET setting" and the like in the present disclosure may also be rewritten mutually.

[0465] Through PUCCH, uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also called hybrid automatic repeat request confirmation (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.) and scheduling request (SR) can also be transmitted. Through PRACH, random access preambles for establishing a connection with a cell can also be transmitted.

[0466] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without "link". In addition, various channels may be expressed without "Physical" at the beginning.

[0467] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (Synchronization Signal (SS)), a downlink reference signal (Downlink Reference Signal (DL-RS)), etc. may also be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS)), a channel state information reference signal (Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)), a demodulation reference signal (DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), a positioning reference signal (Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)), a phase tracking reference signal (Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)), etc. may also be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0468] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may also be referred to as SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0469] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, as an uplink reference signal (Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS)), a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. can also be transmitted. In addition, DMRS can also be called a user terminal specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0470] (Base Station)

[0471] Fig.33 1 is a diagram showing an example of a structure of a base station involved in one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting and receiving unit 120, a transmitting and receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. In addition, the control unit 110, the transmitting and receiving unit 120, the transmitting and receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided with more than one.

[0472] In addition, in this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts in this embodiment are mainly shown, and it is also conceivable that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Part of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0473] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0474] The control unit 110 may also control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission and reception unit 120, the transmission and reception antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may also generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be sent as signals, and forward them to the transmission and reception unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing (setting, release, etc.) of communication channels, state management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0475] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measuring unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter (phase shifter), a measuring circuit, a transmitting and receiving circuit, etc., which are described based on the common knowledge in the technical field involved in the present disclosure.

[0476] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or may be configured as a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may also be configured as a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may also be configured as a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measuring unit 123.

[0477] The transmitting / receiving antenna 130 can be constituted by an antenna described based on common knowledge in the technical field involved in the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0478] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0479] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), etc. to form at least one of a transmitting beam and a receiving beam.

[0480] The sending and receiving unit 120 (sending processing unit 1211), for example, may also perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (for example, HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110 to generate a bit string to be sent.

[0481] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), discrete Fourier transform (Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)) processing (as needed), inverse fast Fourier transform (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)) processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be sent, and output a baseband signal.

[0482] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122 ) may also perform modulation, filter processing, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 .

[0483] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122 ) may also perform amplification, filter processing, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the signal in the radio frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 .

[0484] The sending and receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) can also apply analog-to-digital conversion, fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to obtain user data, etc.

[0485] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (measuring unit 123) may also implement measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 123 may also perform radio resource management (Radio Resource Management (RRM)) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measuring unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., reference signal received power (Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP))), received quality (e.g., reference signal received quality (Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)), signal to interference plus noise ratio (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR)), signal to noise ratio (Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR))), signal strength (e.g., received signal strength indicator (Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI))), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may also be output to the control unit 110.

[0486] The transmission path interface 140 can also send and receive signals (return signaling) between devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and can also obtain and transmit user data (user plane data) and control plane data for the user terminal 20.

[0487] In addition, the transmission unit and the reception unit of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may also be constituted by at least one of the transmission and reception unit 120 , the transmission and reception antenna 130 , and the transmission path interface 140 .

[0488] The control unit 110 may also control the transmission of first information (e.g., common RACH configuration / general RACH configuration / PRACH repetition-related configuration) for determining a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and the transmission of second information (e.g., ramp-up step size configuration) for determining the transmission power for each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also receive a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in each of the plurality of resources.

[0489] The control unit 110 may also control the transmission of first information (e.g., common RACH configuration / general RACH configuration / PRACH repetition-related configuration) for determining a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and the transmission of second information (e.g., ramp-up step size configuration) for determining one or more path loss reference signals for the plurality of groups and determining a plurality of transmit powers corresponding to the plurality of resources, respectively, based on the one or more path loss reference signals. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also receive a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel, respectively, in the plurality of resources.

[0490] (User Terminal)

[0491] Fig.34 2 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. In addition, the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may each be provided with one or more.

[0492] In addition, in this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts in this embodiment are mainly shown, and it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0493] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0494] The control unit 210 may also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission and reception unit 220 and the transmission and reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 may also generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and forward them to the transmission and reception unit 220.

[0495] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measuring unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter (phase shifter), a measuring circuit, a transmitting and receiving circuit, etc., which are described based on the common knowledge in the technical field involved in the present disclosure.

[0496] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or may be configured as a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may also be configured as a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may also be configured as a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measuring unit 223.

[0497] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be constituted by an antenna described based on common knowledge in the technical field involved in the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0498] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0499] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), etc. to form at least one of a transmitting beam and a receiving beam.

[0500] The sending and receiving unit 220 (sending processing unit 2211) can also perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (for example, HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210 to generate a bit string to be sent.

[0501] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be sent, and output a baseband signal.

[0502] In addition, whether to apply DFT processing may also be based on the setting of transform precoding. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), when transform precoding is valid (enabled), the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may also perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. Otherwise, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may also perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0503] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222 ) may also perform modulation, filter processing, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting and receiving antenna 230 .

[0504] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222 ) may perform amplification, filter processing, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the signal in the radio frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230 .

[0505] The sending and receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) can also apply analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the obtained baseband signal to obtain user data, etc.

[0506] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may also be output to the control unit 210.

[0507] In addition, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may also be composed of at least one of the transmitting and receiving unit 220 and the transmitting and receiving antenna 230 .

[0508] The control unit 210 may also determine a plurality of groups (e.g., RO groups) including a plurality of resources (e.g., RO) for a physical random access channel, and determine a transmission power for each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters (e.g., ). The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also transmit a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in each of the plurality of resources.

[0509] The one or more counters may also be a counter common to multiple beams used for the multiple resources.

[0510] The one or more counters may also be multiple counters dedicated to multiple beams used for the multiple resources.

[0511] One or more step sizes (for example, gradually increasing step sizes) for increasing the transmission power may be set for the one or more counters.

[0512] The control unit 210 may also determine a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, determine one or more path loss reference signals (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS) for the plurality of groups, and determine a plurality of transmit powers corresponding to the plurality of resources based on the one or more path loss reference signals. The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also transmit a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources, respectively.

[0513] The control unit 210 may also use multiple beams in the multiple iterations.

[0514] The control unit 210 may also determine a path loss reference signal for a group.

[0515] The control unit 210 may also determine a path loss reference signal for each resource in a group.

[0516] (Hardware Structure)

[0517] In addition, the block diagram used in the description of the above-mentioned embodiment shows a block of a functional unit. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. In addition, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented by a device that is physically or logically combined, or two or more devices that are physically or logically separated can be directly or indirectly (for example, by wired, wireless, etc.) connected and implemented by these multiple devices. The functional block can also be implemented by combining the above-mentioned one device or the above-mentioned multiple devices with software.

[0518] Here, the functions include judging, deciding, determining, calculating, calculating, processing, deriving, investigating, searching, confirming, receiving, sending, outputting, accessing, solving, selecting, selecting, establishing, comparing, assuming, expecting, regarding, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, assigning, etc., but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements a sending function may also be referred to as a transmitting unit, a transmitter, etc. Any one of them is as described above, and the implementation method thereof is not particularly limited.

[0519] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may also function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig.35 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0520] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms such as device, circuit, equipment, section, unit, etc. can be interchangeably used. The hardware structure of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0521] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there may be multiple processors. In addition, the processing may be performed by one processor, or may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or in other ways. In addition, the processor 1001 may also be implemented by one or more chips.

[0522] Regarding the various functions in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20, for example, by reading specific software (program) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication via the communication device 1004, or by controlling at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0523] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by, for example, operating an operating system. The processor 1001 may also be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic device, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), the sending and receiving unit 120 (220), etc. may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0524] In addition, the processor 1001 reads the program (program code), software module, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 to the memory 1002, and performs various processes based on them. As a program, a program that causes a computer to perform at least a part of the operations described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001, and the same can be implemented for other functional blocks.

[0525] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, for example, composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other appropriate storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing the wireless communication method involved in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0526] The storage 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disk, a floppy disk, an optical disk (such as a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), etc.), a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (Blu-ray) (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (such as a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or at least one of other appropriate storage media. The storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0527] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. In order to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)) and time division duplex (Time Division Duplex (TDD)), the communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the above-mentioned transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220), the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may also be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) may also be realized by physically or logically separating the transmitting unit 120a (220a) and the receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0528] The input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from the outside (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that implements output to the outside (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). In addition, the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0529] In addition, the processor 1001, the memory 1002 and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured as a single bus or may be configured as different buses between the devices.

[0530] In addition, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the hardware may be used to implement a part or all of each functional block. For example, the processor 1001 may also be implemented using at least one of these hardware.

[0531] (Variation Example)

[0532] In addition, the terms described in the present disclosure and the terms required for understanding the present disclosure may also be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channels, code elements, and signals (signals or signaling) may also be rewritten with each other. In addition, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal may also be referred to as RS, and may also be referred to as a pilot, a pilot signal, etc. depending on the standard applied. In addition, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, etc.

[0533] A wireless frame may also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each period (frame) of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may also be referred to as a subframe. Further, a subframe may also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe may also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is not dependent on a parameter set (numerology).

[0534] Here, the parameter set may also be a communication parameter applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. For example, the parameter set may also represent at least one of a subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a wireless frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by a transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by a transmitter and receiver in the time domain, and the like.

[0535] A time slot may also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) in the time domain. In addition, a time slot may also be a time unit based on a parameter set.

[0536] A time slot may also include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may also be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain. In addition, a mini-slot may also be referred to as a sub-slot. A mini-slot may also be composed of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may also be referred to as a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may also be referred to as a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0537] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols may also be referred to by their respective names. In addition, time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in the present disclosure may also be replaced with each other.

[0538] For example, a subframe may be referred to as a TTI, a plurality of consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, and a time slot or a mini time slot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. In addition, the unit representing a TTI may be referred to as a time slot, a mini time slot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0539] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the minimum time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in the LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (frequency bandwidth, transmission power, etc. that can be used in each user terminal) in TTI units. In addition, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0540] TTI may also be a transmission time unit for a data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc. that has been channel-coded, and may also be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. In addition, when TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0541] In addition, when a time slot or a mini time slot is called TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more time slots or one or more mini time slots) can also be the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of scheduling can also be controlled.

[0542] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0543] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., normal TTI, subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a TTI length shorter than that of the long TTI and longer than 1 ms.

[0544] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers (subcarriers) in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0545] In addition, an RB may also include one or more symbols in the time domain, and may also be the length of a slot, a mini-slot, a subframe, or a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc. may also be composed of one or more resource blocks, respectively.

[0546] In addition, one or more RBs may also be referred to as a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (Sub-Carrier Group (SCG)), a resource element group (Resource Element Group (REG)), a group / set / pair of PRB / RB, etc.

[0547] In addition, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (RE). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0548] Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) may also represent a subset of contiguous common RBs (common resource blocks) for a parameter set in a carrier. Here, common RBs may also be identified by the index of the RB relative to the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may also be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0549] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs may be configured in one carrier.

[0550] At least one of the set BWPs may be activated, and the UE may not assume that a specific signal / channel is transmitted or received outside the activated BWP. In addition, "cell", "carrier", etc. in the present disclosure may also be rewritten as "BWP".

[0551] In addition, the above-mentioned structures such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots and symbols are only examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots included in a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.

[0552] In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​relative to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may also be indicated by a specific index.

[0553] In the present disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc. are not restrictive in all respects. Furthermore, the mathematical formulas, etc. using these parameters may be different from those explicitly disclosed in the present disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable names, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in all respects.

[0554] Information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may also be represented using any of a variety of different techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be mentioned throughout the above description may also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0555] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. can be output in at least one of the following directions: from a higher layer (upper layer) to a lower layer (lower layer), and from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0556] The input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., a memory), or may be managed using a management table. The input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or appended. The output information, signals, etc. may also be deleted. The input information, signals, etc. may also be sent to other devices.

[0557] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in the present disclosure, and may also be performed by other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may also be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI))), uplink control information (Uplink Control Information (UCI))), high-layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB)), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals or a combination thereof.

[0558] In addition, physical layer signaling may also be referred to as layer 1 / layer 2 (Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2)) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. In addition, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC connection establishment (RRC Connection Setup) message, an RRC connection reconstruction (RRC Connection Reconfiguration) message, etc. In addition, MAC signaling may also be notified using, for example, a MAC control element (MACControl Element (CE)).

[0559] Furthermore, notification of specific information (eg, notification of “it is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but may be performed implicitly (eg, by not notifying the specific information or by notifying other information).

[0560] The determination can be made by a value represented by a bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (Boolean value) represented by true or false, or by comparison of numerical values ​​(for example, comparison with a specific value).

[0561] Whether software is called software, firmware, middle-ware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, it should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, program, sub-program, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, sub-routines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0562] In addition, software, instructions, information, etc. may also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), etc.) and wireless technology (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired technology and wireless technology is included in the definition of transmission medium.

[0563] The terms "system" and "network" used in the present disclosure can be used interchangeably. "Network" may also refer to a device (eg, a base station) included in the network.

[0564] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding", "precoder", "weight (precoding weight)", "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)", "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)", "spatial relation", "spatial domain filter", "transmission power", "phase rotation", "antenna port", "antenna port group", "layer", "number of layers", "rank", "resource", "resource set", "resource group", "beam", "beam width", "beam angle", "antenna", "antenna element", and "panel" can be used interchangeably.

[0565] In the present disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "panel", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" can be used interchangeably. There are also cases where base stations are referred to by terms such as macro cell, small cell, micro-micro cell, and micro-micro cell.

[0566] A base station can accommodate one or more (for example, three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (for example, a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a part or the entirety of the coverage area of ​​at least one of a base station and a base station subsystem that performs communication services within the coverage area.

[0567] In the present disclosure, the fact that a base station sends information to a terminal may be mutually rewritten with the fact that the base station instructs the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0568] In the present disclosure, terms such as “mobile station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user device (User Equipment (UE))”, and “terminal” can be used interchangeably.

[0569] There are also cases where a mobile station is referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, hand set, user agent, mobile client, client or some other appropriate terminology.

[0570] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be referred to as a transmission device, a reception device, a wireless communication device, etc. In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, a moving object body, etc.

[0571] The mobile body refers to a movable object, and the moving speed is arbitrary, including the case where the mobile body is stopped. The mobile body includes, for example, vehicles, transport vehicles, cars, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, carts, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, hot air balloons, and objects carried on them, but is not limited to these. In addition, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that drives autonomously based on operating instructions.

[0572] The mobile body may be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0573] Fig.36 1 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0574] The driving unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is composed of at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and steers at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0575] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be referred to as an electronic control unit (Electronic Control Unit (ECU)).

[0576] As signals from various sensors 50-58, there are the following signals, etc.: a current signal from a current sensor 50 for sensing the current of a motor, a speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of an accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of a brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of a shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0577] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, entertainment information, etc., such as a navigation system, an audio system, a speaker, a display, a television, and a radio, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from an external device via the communication module 60, etc. to provide various information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0578] The information service unit 59 may include input devices for accepting input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.), and may also include output devices for implementing output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0579] The driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices for providing functions for preventing accidents before they happen or reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), camera, positioning detector (for example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (for example, High Definition (HD) map, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), gyroscope system (for example, inertial measurement unit (Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU))), inertial navigation unit (Inertial Navigation System (INS))), artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence (AI)) chip, AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize the driving assistance function or the automatic driving function.

[0580] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) with the drive unit 41, the steering unit 42, the accelerator pedal 43, the brake pedal 44, the shift lever 45, the left and right front wheels 46, the left and right rear wheels 47, the axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and the memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0581] The communication module 60 can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49, and is a communication device that can communicate with an external device. For example, various information is sent and received with the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can also be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. In addition, the communication module 60 can also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it can also function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0582] The communication module 60 may also transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, the information obtained based on the signals, and the information based on the input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to the external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may also be referred to as an input unit that receives input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may also include information based on the above input.

[0583] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle information, etc.) sent from an external device, and displays it on the information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (for example, outputting information to a display, a speaker, etc. based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0584] In addition, the communication module 60 stores various information received from the external device in the memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, the steering unit 42, the accelerator pedal 43, the brake pedal 44, the shift lever 45, the left and right front wheels 46, the left and right rear wheels 47, the axle 48, the various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0585] In addition, the base station in the present disclosure may also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, the various methods / implementations of the present disclosure may also be applied to a structure in which the communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced by the communication between multiple user terminals (for example, it may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D)), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, it may also be set as a structure in which the user terminal 20 has the functions possessed by the above-mentioned base station 10. In addition, terms such as "uplink", "downlink", etc. may also be rewritten as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channels, downlink channels, etc. may also be rewritten as sidelink channels.

[0586] Likewise, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be rewritten as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0587] In the present disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by a base station, and sometimes by its upper node depending on the situation. In a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by a base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, Mobility Management Entity (MME)), Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0588] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure may be used individually or in combination, and may be used in a switched manner as the method is executed. In addition, the processing procedures, timings, flow charts, etc. of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure may be swapped in order as long as they are not contradictory. For example, for the methods described in this disclosure, the elements of various steps are presented in an illustrative order, but are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0589] The various modes / implementations described in the present disclosure may also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems using other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, generated, or specified based on them. In addition, multiple systems can also be applied in combination (for example, LTE or LTE-A, combination with 5G, etc.).

[0590] The phrase “based on” used in the present disclosure does not mean “based only on” unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase “based on” means both “based only on” and “based at least on”.

[0591] Any reference to an element using the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this disclosure does not fully define the amount or order of these elements. These terms can be used in this disclosure as a convenient method to distinguish between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be used or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0592] The term "determining" used in the present disclosure may include a variety of operations. For example, "determining" may also refer to situations where judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, etc. are considered to be "determining".

[0593] In addition, "judgment (decision)" may also be a situation where receiving (for example, receiving information), sending (for example, sending information), input (input), output (output), accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory), etc. are regarded as making a "judgment (decision)".

[0594] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be regarded as a situation where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. are regarded as a situation where "judgment (decision)" is performed. That is, "judgment (decision)" can also be regarded as a situation where some actions are regarded as a situation where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0595] In addition, "judge (decide)" can also be rewritten as "assuming (assuming)", "expecting (expecting)", "considering (considering)" and so on.

[0596] The “maximum transmit power” recorded in the present disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated maximum transmit power).

[0597] The terms "connected", "coupled", or all their variations used in this disclosure refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and may include the situation where one or more intermediate elements exist between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The combination or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connection" may also be rewritten as "access".

[0598] In the present disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider being "connected" or "combined" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and as several non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, being "connected" or "combined" to each other using electromagnetic energy with a wavelength in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region, etc.

[0599] In the present disclosure, the term "A is different from B" may also mean "A and B are different from each other". In addition, the term may also mean "A and B are different from C, respectively". The terms "separate" and "combined" may also be interpreted in the same manner as "different".

[0600] When the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in the present disclosure, these terms have an inclusive meaning, similar to the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” used in the present disclosure does not have an exclusive OR meaning.

[0601] In the present disclosure, when an article is added by translation like a, an, and the in English, for example, the present disclosure may also include a case where the noun following the article is in plural form.

[0602] In the present disclosure, "below", "less than", "above", "more than", "equal to", etc. may also be rephrased with each other. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "early", "late", "wide", "narrow", etc. are not limited to the original comparative and superlative levels, but may also be rephrased with each other. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "early", "late", "wide", "narrow", etc. as expressions with "ith" (i is an arbitrary integer) may also be rephrased with each other (for example, "highest" may also be rephrased with "i-th highest").

[0603] In the present disclosure, “of,” “for,” “regarding,” “related to,” “associated with,” etc. may also be replaced by each other.

[0604] The invention involved in the present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention involved in the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention involved in the present disclosure can be implemented as a modified and altered mode without departing from the gist and scope of the invention determined based on the description of the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustrative description and does not have any limiting meaning on the invention involved in the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a control unit that determines a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and determines a transmission power corresponding to each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters; and The sending unit sends a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources respectively.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more counters are one counter common to a plurality of beams used for the plurality of resources.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more counters are multiple counters dedicated to multiple beams used for the multiple resources.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein: One or more step sizes for increasing the transmission power are set for the one or more counters.

5. A wireless communication method of a terminal, comprising the following steps: The steps of determining a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel, and determining a transmission power corresponding to each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters; and The method further comprises the step of sending a plurality of repeated transmissions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources respectively.

6. A base station, comprising: a control unit for controlling the transmission of first information for determining a plurality of groups including a plurality of resources for a physical random access channel and the transmission of second information for determining a transmission power corresponding to each of the plurality of resources using one or more counters; and The receiving unit receives a plurality of repetitions of the physical random access channel in the plurality of resources respectively.

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