Loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate and preparation method and performance detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate and a preparation method and a performance detection method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection. The invention solves the problem of how to develop a novel slope ecological protection base material which is ecological, environment-friendly, good in vegetation effect and low in cost. The soil comprises a base material and plant seeds mixed in the base material, the use amount of the plant seeds is 20-30 g / m < 2 >, and the base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of loess, 20-30 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of bentonite, 10- 4 to 10 parts of bentonite; 0.1 to 0.3 part of basalt fiber; 0.2 to 0.4 part of a water-retaining agent; 0.8-1.2 parts of an organic fertilizer; 0.5-0.8 part of a compound fertilizer; 2-3 parts of a microbial fertilizer; and 44-48 parts of water. Bentonite is used for replacing cement and other harmful binders, a natural soil system of the base material is maintained, the base material is more environmentally friendly, meanwhile, the water retention capacity of the base material is improved, the pH value of the base material does not need to be adjusted, plant growth is facilitated, the air permeability of the base material is improved through basalt fibers, the shearing performance, the crack resistance and the water stability of the base material are improved, and the service life of the base material is prolonged. And a stable growth environment is provided for vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and in particular relates to a loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate and a preparation method and a performance detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] It is of great significance to effectively protect the slope surface.

[0003] The soil spraying slope protection and greening is a method of mixing several materials such as greening species, planting soil, water-retaining materials, bonding materials, loose materials, fertilizers, pH buffer materials, water, etc. in a certain proportion into a fluidized mud state or loose particles, and then spraying them onto the slope surface by pumping or air compression to form a vegetation substrate, thereby achieving slope protection and greening. By pumping or air-compressing spraying on the slope surface, a high-strength and thicker spray layer is constructed. At the same time, the addition of grass seeds can form a vegetation cover layer in a short period of time, effectively inhibiting slope weathering and erosion. It is not only suitable for soil slopes, but also for soilless slopes such as rocks, concrete, and mortar masonry.

[0004] In the existing soil spraying technology, ordinary silicate cement is mostly used as a binder, which leads to a high pH value of the substrate as a whole, resulting in the phenomenon of burning seedlings, which is not conducive to plant growth. At the same time, due to excessive cement usage, the substrate will become hardened and have poor water retention and air permeability. Therefore, how to develop a new type of slope ecological protection substrate that is environmentally friendly, has good planting effects, and is low in cost is a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problem in the prior art of how to develop a new type of slope ecological protection substrate which is environmentally friendly, has good vegetation effect and low cost, the present invention provides a loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate and a preparation method and performance testing method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] Loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate, including substrate and plant seeds mixed in the substrate, and the amount of plant seeds used is 20-30g / m 2 , the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 100-110 parts of loess;

[0009] 4-10 parts of bentonite;

[0010] Basalt fiber 0.1-0.3 parts;

[0011] Water retaining agent 0.2-0.4 parts;

[0012] 0.8-1.2 parts of organic fertilizer;

[0013] Compound fertilizer 0.5-0.8 parts;

[0014] 2-3 portions of microbial fertilizer;

[0015] 44-48 parts of water.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid limit of the loess is less than 28%, the plasticity index is 8-10, and the water content is less than 12%.

[0017] After adopting this technical solution, the liquid limit, plasticity index and moisture content of the loess used in the present invention are tested, and the addition amount of various raw materials is controlled according to the performance of the imported soil, so that the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the finally obtained vegetation substrate can be used for the imported soil spraying.

[0018] Preferably, the basalt fiber has a length of 12 mm, a diameter of 20 μm, and a density of 2.6 g / cm 3 , tensile strength is 2500MPa, elongation at break is less than 3.1%, and breaking strength is greater than 0.45.

[0019] After adopting this technical solution, fiber length (12mm): moderate length can form a uniform reinforcement network structure in the substrate, which not only enhances the shear strength and anti-scouring ability of the substrate, but also avoids uneven dispersion or clogging of the spraying equipment due to excessive fiber length, thus ensuring construction efficiency. Fiber diameter (20μm): moderate fiber diameter provides sufficient specific surface area to enhance the bonding between the fiber and the substrate, while maintaining a balance between flexibility and strength, and improving the crack resistance and stability of the substrate. Density (2.6g / cm 3 ): The density is close to that of soil particles, ensuring that the fibers are evenly distributed in the substrate, preventing stratification or settlement, and improving the uniformity and stability of the substrate during construction. Tensile strength (2500MPa): The extremely high tensile strength gives the fiber excellent bearing capacity, effectively resisting rainfall erosion and soil pressure, and significantly improving the substrate's anti-erosion ability and durability. Elongation at break (less than 3.1%): Low elongation enables the fiber to provide high-strength support under small deformation, avoiding excessive deformation of the substrate in stress concentration areas, and contributing to the long-term stability of the overall structure. Fracture strength (greater than 0.45): High fracture strength ensures that the fiber is not easily damaged under extreme stress conditions, providing a continuous reinforcement effect for the substrate, extending the service life of the substrate, and adapting to a variety of complex environments.

[0020] Preferably, the bentonite is sodium-based bentonite, and contains 70% to 75% montmorillonite, has a pH value of 7.5 to 8.0, a liquid limit of less than 160%, and a plasticity index of 110-120.

[0021] After adopting this technical solution, the content of montmorillonite in bentonite (70% to 75%): high montmorillonite content provides higher water retention capacity and cation exchange performance, ensuring that the substrate can remain moist for a long time, while firmly adsorbing nutrients to support the continuous growth of plants. Liquid limit (less than 160%): the higher liquid limit enables bentonite to maintain stability while absorbing a large amount of water, avoiding excessive flow during construction, thereby enhancing the substrate's ability to resist erosion. Plasticity index (110 to 120): a higher plasticity index provides good flexibility, making the substrate less likely to crack in a dry-wet alternating environment, while enhancing its adaptability to slope deformation and maintaining overall stability. pH value (7.5 to 8.0): a weakly alkaline environment close to neutral is suitable for plant growth, without the need for additional adjustment of acidity and alkalinity, reducing the cost of construction materials, and providing favorable reproduction conditions for microorganisms, further improving the fertility of the substrate.

[0022] Preferably, the plant seeds are plant seeds that have been subjected to germination treatment, and the plant seeds are a mixture of the herbaceous plants alfalfa, ryegrass and Amorpha fruticosa, and the mass ratio of the three seeds is alfalfa: ryegrass: Amorpha fruticosa = 4:4:2.

[0023] After adopting this technical solution, alfalfa, ryegrass and Amorpha fruticosa are mixed in a ratio of 4:4:2, taking into account both quick effect and durability. Alfalfa and ryegrass quickly cover the surface in a short period of time to prevent soil erosion, while alfalfa improves soil fertility by fixing nitrogen; Amorpha fruticosa provides long-term soil fixation and slope stabilization functions with its deep root characteristics, and the multi-level root structure realizes an organic combination of surface protection and deep reinforcement, which not only improves the vegetation's ability to resist erosion, but also promotes the ecological restoration of the slope and long-term greening stability.

[0024] Preferably, the microbial fertilizer contains rhizobia, actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast, and the mass ratio of rhizobia: actinomycetes: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast = 2:2:2:1:1.

[0025] After adopting this technical solution, rhizobia provide nitrogen fertilizer to enhance soil fertility; actinomycetes improve soil structure and inhibit diseases; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi expand the range of nutrient absorption and improve stress resistance; photosynthetic bacteria promote plant growth and purify the soil; yeast releases active substances, activates microbial activity and stimulates root development. This composite ratio realizes the synergistic effect of multiple strains, comprehensively improving soil fertility, ecological stability and plant growth performance.

[0026] Preferably, the water retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate, the pure water absorption rate is 500g water / g, the absorption speed is 75s, and the centrifugal retention capacity is 30g water / g.

[0027] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is decomposed and fermented chicken manure.

[0028] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, in which the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:15:15.

[0029] A method for preparing a loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Mix loess, bentonite and basalt fiber evenly according to mass fraction to prepare a soil mixture;

[0031] Step 2: Add water retaining agent, plant seeds, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer to the soil mixture and mix evenly to form a seed and substrate mixture;

[0032] Step 3: Add clean water to the obtained mixture of seeds and substrate to obtain a planting substrate.

[0033] Preferably, in step three, the vegetation substrate is subjected to a sprayability test by a sprayability performance testing device, and when the sprayability test meets the requirements, the obtained vegetation substrate is used for soil spraying.

[0034] A method for detecting the performance of a loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step A: Put the prepared planting substrate into the test barrel, rotate the blade at a constant loading rate of 0.02-0.03 r / s, measure the torque of the blade rotation, obtain the relationship between the torque and time, and obtain the static yield stress according to the relationship between the torque and time;

[0036] Step B: The blade speed is rapidly increased from 0.02-0.03r / s to 0.5-0.6r / s, and then loaded at a constant loading rate of 0.5-0.6r / s for 20-30s, and then divided into 6-8 test points, the speed of each test point is decreased by the same amount, and each test point is continuously loaded for 5-6s until the final rate is reduced to 0.02-0.03r / s. The obtained torque-speed points are fitted to obtain the relationship between torque and speed, and converted into the relationship between shear rate and shear stress, thereby obtaining plastic viscosity;

[0037] When the static yield stress of the soil mixture is 200Pa-400Pa and the plastic viscosity is 40Pas-60Pas, the obtained vegetation substrate is used for soil spraying construction.

[0038] Preferably, the performance testing device used in the performance testing method includes a test barrel and a stirring mechanism, the stirring mechanism includes a blade that can be set in the test barrel, the blade is connected to a driver that can drive the blade to rotate and detect the torque value when the blade rotates, and the stirring mechanism is detachably connected to the test barrel via a bracket.

[0039] Preferably, the driver is also electrically connected to a control terminal, which calculates the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the vegetation substrate based on the torque value data detected by the driver. When the yield stress of the vegetation substrate is 200Pa-400Pa and the plastic viscosity is 40Pas-60Pas, the vegetation substrate is used for soil spraying construction.

[0040] Preferably, the blades are four-blade cross plates.

[0041] Preferably, a plurality of vertical rods are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the test barrel, and the vertical rods are used to prevent the soil mixture from sliding along the barrel wall during the test.

[0042] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] (1) The present invention uses bentonite instead of harmful binders such as cement, maintaining the natural soil system of the substrate, which is more environmentally friendly and improves the water retention capacity of the substrate. There is no need to additionally adjust the pH value of the substrate, which is beneficial to plant growth.

[0044] (2) The addition of basalt fiber in the present invention improves the air permeability of the substrate, and enhances the shear, crack resistance and water stability of the substrate, thereby providing a stable growth environment for slope vegetation.

[0045] (3) The herbaceous plants ryegrass and alfalfa in the present invention grow fast and can form initial surface cover in a short time. The deep root system and long-term growth characteristics of the shrub plant Amorpha fruticosa can provide a long-lasting soil stabilization effect, ensuring the formation of stable and long-lasting vegetation cover on loess slopes in semi-arid areas.

[0046] (4) In the present invention, the sprayability test of the vegetation substrate is carried out before spraying, which can ensure that the substrate has good sprayability and adhesion, improve the construction quality and efficiency, and also provide a basis for optimizing the substrate formula. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the performance testing device proposed in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the driver structure of the performance testing device proposed in the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the performance testing device proposed in the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blade structure of the performance testing device proposed in the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the test barrel structure of the performance testing device proposed in the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the Bingham model conversion process when the performance testing device proposed in the present invention tests the plastic limit viscosity.

[0053] Figure 7 The vegetation coverage diagram of Examples 1-3 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 is shown.

[0054] In the figure: 1-driver; 2-lap plate, 3-vertical rod, 4-test barrel, 5-blade, 6-socket, 7-locking pin, 8-fixing seat, 9-through hole, 10-fixing screw, 11-locking pin hole, 12-connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate comprises a substrate and plant seeds mixed in the substrate. The substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 97 kg of loess; 3 kg of bentonite; 0.1 kg of basalt fiber; 0.4 kg of water retaining agent; 6 kg of organic fertilizer; 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.1 kg of microbial fertilizer; 42 kg of water and 0.06 kg of plant seeds.

[0058] Among them, the loess is taken from Lanzhou area, with a liquid limit of less than 28%, a plasticity index of 8-10, and a moisture content of less than 12%. The bentonite is sodium-based bentonite, the mass percentage of montmorillonite is 75%, the pH value is 7.5, the liquid limit is less than 160%, and the plasticity index is 110-120. The basalt fiber length is 12mm, the fiber diameter is 20μm, the density is 2.6g / cm2, and the tensile strength is 2500MPa. The water retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate, the pure water absorption rate is 500g water / g, and the absorption rate is 75s. The organic fertilizer is decomposed and fermented chicken manure fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is a three-element compound fertilizer, in which the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:15:15. The plant seeds are alfalfa: ryegrass: Amorpha fruticosa = 4:4:2, and the plant seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-35℃ for 1-2 days. The microbial fertilizer was rhizobium: actinomycetes: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast = 2:2:2:1:1, wherein rhizobia and actinomycetes were purchased from Nanjing Celt Biotechnology Co., Ltd., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were purchased from Shandong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., photosynthetic bacteria were purchased from Wuhan Fengtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and yeast were purchased from Qingdao Kangyuan Microalgae Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0059] The preparation of the soil spraying substrate comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Mix 97 kg of loess, 3 kg of bentonite, and 0.1 kg of basalt fiber at 50 r / min for 5 min to make a soil mixture.

[0061] Step 2: Add 0.4kg water retaining agent, 6kg organic fertilizer, 0.5kg compound fertilizer, 0.1kg microbial fertilizer and 0.06kg plant seeds to the soil mixture and stir at 50r / min for 5min to make a base material mixture.

[0062] Step 3: Inject 42kg of clean water into the base material mixture and stir to obtain the vegetation base material at a stirring speed of 50r / min. After stirring for 5 minutes, use the sprayability performance test device to test the vegetation base material. The static yield stress is obtained by testing the torque-time relationship, and the torque-speed relationship is processed by the Reinner-Riwlin equation to obtain the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the vegetation base material. When the yield stress is in the range of 200pa-400pa and the plastic viscosity is in the range of 40pas-60pas, it means that the base material has good sprayability and adhesion, and the soil spraying construction can be carried out.

[0063] Among them, the sprayability test process and data processing process are as follows:

[0064] The performance test device consists of a driver 1, a blade 5, a bracket, and a test barrel 4. The driver 1 has a size of 110 mm × 110 mm × 430 mm and is composed of a motor and a torque meter. Figure 2 and 4 As shown, the blade 5 is a four-blade cross plate, the diameter and height of the cross plate are both 127mm, and the blade 5 can be connected to the socket 6 on the driver 1, so that the blade 5 is driven to rotate through the driver 1. The function of the bracket is to be placed on the top of the test barrel to connect and fix the driver 1. The specific fixing method is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the bracket includes a fixing seat 8, which is provided with a through hole 9 for the rotating shaft of the blade 5 to pass through, and a lap plate 2 is connected to each side of the fixing seat 8, through which the bracket can be overlapped on the barrel mouth of the test barrel 1; the top of the fixing seat 8 can also be rotatably connected with two locking pins 7, and the ends of the locking pins 7 are provided with locking pin grooves 11, and the fixing seat 8 is also provided with a fixing bolt 10 that matches the locking pin grooves 11, and there is a gap between the top surface of the fixing seat 8 and the bottom surface of the locking pin 7, and the driver 1 is provided with a connecting plate 12 that matches the gap, when fixing, it is only necessary to place the connecting plate 12 on the fixing seat 8, and then rotate the locking pin 7, so that the locking pin groove 11 and the fixing bolt 10 are engaged, and the driver 1 can be fixed, and when the driver 1 is removed, it is only necessary to rotate the locking pin 7 in the opposite direction. The test barrel 4 is 312 mm high and 305 mm in diameter, and there is a circle of vertical rods 5 on the inner wall to prevent the soil mixture from sliding along the barrel wall during the test.

[0065] Before use, insert the blade 5 into the interface 6 of the driver 1 and tighten it to form a stirring mechanism. Then insert the bracket into the test barrel 4. Figure 5 As shown, two blocks are symmetrically arranged at the barrel mouth of the test barrel 4, and a slot cooperating with the block is arranged on the lower surface of the lap plate 2 (the slot can be composed of two vertical plates, and the gap between the two oppositely arranged vertical plates forms a slot for accommodating the block). The slot and the block cooperate to ensure that the bracket is completely fitted on the test barrel 4. Finally, the locking pin 7 on the bracket is slid to the fixing screw 10 to complete the installation. After connecting the software, the test can be started.

[0066] The rheological test of the vegetation substrate was carried out using a performance testing device. The yield stress was obtained through the relationship between torque and time. The torque-speed was then converted into the plastic viscosity of the mixture through the Bingham model and the Reinner-Riwlin equation. The specific process is as follows:

[0067] (1) The vegetation substrate is stirred evenly and then loaded into the test barrel 4, and the blade 5 is rotated at a constant low loading rate (0.025 r / s) to obtain the relationship between torque and time. The vegetation substrate changes linearly elastically before the yield torque. After reaching the yield torque, the structure is destroyed and flow begins to occur. The torque value gradually decreases. At this time, the yield stress corresponding to the yield torque value is the static yield stress.

[0068] (2) After obtaining the static yield stress, the plastic viscosity test is performed. First, the blade speed is rapidly increased from 0.025r / s to 0.6r / s within 5s, and then loaded at 0.6r / s for 20s, and then divided into 8 test points. The speed of each test point is reduced by the same amount, and each test point is continuously loaded for 5s. The final rate is 0.02r / s, that is, when there are 8 test points, the initial speed is 0.6r / s and the final speed is 0.02r / s. Then the blade speed will decrease by 0.0725r / s between each test point (that is, the difference between two adjacent test points is 0.0725r / s) until 0.6r / s drops to 0.02r / s. It should be noted that in this process, the speed change of blade 5 at adjacent test points is completed instantly, and each test point enters the next test point after loading for 5 to 6s. The obtained torque-speed points are fitted to obtain the relationship between torque and speed. Based on the Bingham model, the above-mentioned Reiner-Riwlin formula is used to convert it into the relationship between shear rate and shear stress, thereby obtaining the plastic viscosity. The conversion process is as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0069] When the yield stress of the soil mixture is 200Pa-400Pa and the plastic viscosity is 40Pas-60Pas, it has good sprayability and adhesion and can be used for soil spraying construction.

[0070] The foreign soil spraying substrate prepared in this embodiment is sprayed onto the loess slope surface with a slope of about 45°. The slope surface is cleared and meshed. The construction method is to spray from top to bottom along the slope with a thickness of about 8 cm. After the spraying is completed, it is covered with non-woven fabric for maintenance for 14 days. After normal maintenance for half a year, the vegetation coverage is tested.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that: the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 kg of loess, 5 kg of bentonite, 0.2 kg of basalt fiber, 0.4 kg of water retaining agent, 6 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of microbial fertilizer, and 43 kg of water; the amount of plant seeds used is 0.06 kg.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that: the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 94 kg of loess, 6 kg of bentonite, 0.3 kg of basalt fiber, 0.4 kg of water retaining agent, 6 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.1 kg of microbial fertilizer, and 44 kg of water; the amount of plant seeds used is 0.06 kg.

[0075] The parameter changes and performance data of Example 1-3 (S1-3) and Comparative Example 1-8 (D1-8) are shown in Table 1 (the remaining examples and comparative examples are not filled in for the same as Example 1):

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from Table 1 that under the synergistic effect of bentonite and basalt fiber, the vegetation coverage of Example 1-3 (S1-3) is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1-8 (D1-8), reflecting a better ecological protection effect.

[0080] Comparative Example 1 (D1) uses an equal amount of loess to replace bentonite and basalt fiber, resulting in insufficient water retention and cohesiveness of the substrate.

[0081] Comparative Example 2-5 (D2-5) did not use the best specifications of basalt fiber: Fibers that are too short (6 mm) and too thin (10 μm) cannot provide sufficient shear and scour resistance, reducing slope stability and making it susceptible to rainwater erosion. Fibers that are too long (12 mm) and too thick (30 μm) can easily cause clogging of spraying equipment, increase construction difficulty, and weaken the air permeability and adaptability of the substrate.

[0082] In control example 6 (D6), bentonite with a higher montmorillonite content was selected, which caused excessive water retention in the substrate, which easily caused plant root rot.

[0083] Control Example 7 (D7) adopted a ratio of rhizobia: actinomycetes: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast = 2:2:2:2:2, which was unable to fully exert the synergistic effect of core microorganisms. Compared with the ratio of 2:2:2:1:1, its vegetation coverage and soil stability were reduced.

[0084] Control Example 8 (D8) used a seed ratio of 4:4:4. Compared with 4:4:2, the vegetation coverage rate decreased and the ecological complementarity weakened.

[0085] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate, characterized by: It includes a substrate and plant seeds mixed in the substrate, and the amount of the plant seeds is 20-30g / m 2 , the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-110 parts of loess; 4-10 parts of bentonite; Basalt fiber 0.1-0.3 parts; Water retaining agent 0.2-0.4 parts; 0.8-1.2 parts of organic fertilizer; Compound fertilizer 0.5-0.8 parts; 2-3 portions of microbial fertilizer; 44-48 parts of water.

2. The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The basalt fiber has a length of 12 mm, a diameter of 20 μm, and a density of 2.6 g / cm 3 , tensile strength is 2500MPa, elongation at break is less than 3.1%, and breaking strength is greater than 0.45N / Tex.

3. The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bentonite is sodium-based bentonite, contains 70% to 75% of montmorillonite, has a pH value of 7.5 to 8.0, a liquid limit of less than 160%, and a plasticity index of 110-120.

4. The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The plant seeds are plant seeds that have been subjected to germination treatment, and the plant seeds are a mixture of herbaceous plants alfalfa, ryegrass and amorpha, and the mass ratio of the three seeds is alfalfa: ryegrass: amorpha=4:4:

2.

5. The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The microbial fertilizer contains rhizobia, actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast, and the mass ratio of rhizobia: actinomycetes: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast is 2:2:2:1:

1.

6. The loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate, the organic fertilizer is decomposed and fermented chicken manure fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, in which the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:15:

15.

7. A method for preparing the loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Mix loess, bentonite and basalt fiber evenly according to mass fraction to prepare a soil mixture; Step 2: Add water retaining agent, plant seeds, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer to the soil mixture and mix evenly to form a seed and substrate mixture; Step 3: Add clean water to the obtained mixture of seeds and substrate to obtain a planting substrate.

8. The method for preparing the loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, the sprayability test of the vegetation substrate is carried out by using a sprayability performance testing device. When the sprayability test meets the requirements, the obtained vegetation substrate is used for soil spraying.

9. A method for detecting the performance of the loess slope ecological protection vegetation substrate according to any one of 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step A: placing the prepared vegetation substrate into a test barrel (4), rotating the blade (5) at a constant loading rate of 0.02-0.03 r / s, measuring the torque of the blade (5) to obtain the relationship between the torque and time, and obtaining the static yield stress according to the relationship between the torque and time; Step B: increasing the rotation speed of the blade (5) from 0.02-0.03 r / s to 0.5-0.6 r / s within 4-6 s, and then loading at a constant loading rate of 0.5-0.6 r / s for 20-30 s, and then dividing it into 6-8 test points, the rotation speed of each test point is reduced by the same amount, and each test point is continuously loaded at an interval of 5-6 s until the final rate is reduced to 0.02-0.03 r / s, fitting the obtained torque-speed points, obtaining the relationship between torque and speed, and converting it into the relationship between shear rate and shear stress, thereby obtaining plastic viscosity; When the static yield stress of the soil mixture is 200Pa-400Pa and the plastic viscosity is 40Pas-60Pas, the obtained vegetation substrate is used for soil spraying construction.

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