A flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes

Abstract

A flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes is disclosed. One side of the production workshop is an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) passage area, the middle is a work area, and the other side is a material area. The work area, arranged sequentially according to material flow, includes a first station, a second station, and a third station. The first station is equipped with a gear ring induction heater, an automatic gear ring tightening machine, a gear ring transfer fixture, and a first ring component preparation trolley. The second station is equipped with a bearing inner ring pressure holding machine, a grease injection trolley, and a second ring component preparation trolley. The third station is equipped with a charger and a third ring component preparation trolley. The material area includes station terminals and a gear side sealing ring transfer fixture. It also includes a bearing storage station, a axle box transfer fixture, a bearing inner ring heater, and a bearing outer ring press-fitting machine. Additionally, it includes a shaft collar / non-gear side sealing ring transfer fixture. This invention features a rational layout and high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric locomotive technology, and in particular to a flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes. Background Technology

[0002] The axle box assembly is a key component of the locomotive running gear, primarily providing support for the traction motor on the axle side. Although the overall form of the axle box structure is similar across different locomotive models, the structural details and installation processes vary. Currently, the industry primarily uses a fully manual assembly method for axle boxes, resulting in low levels of automation and digitalization on production lines. Quality control relies mainly on manual intervention, leading to poor consistency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes, which has a reasonable layout and high production efficiency.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes, wherein one side of the production workshop is the AGV passage area, the middle of the production workshop is the work area, and the other side of the production workshop is the material area, with a gantry crane spanning above the AGV passage area, the work area, and the material area; the work area includes a first station, a second station, and a third station in sequence according to the material flow direction; the first station is equipped with a gear ring induction heater, a gear ring automatic tightening machine, a gear ring transfer fixture, and a first preparation trolley; the second station is equipped with a bearing inner ring pressure holding machine, a grease injection trolley, and a second preparation trolley; and the third station is equipped with a charger and a third preparation trolley; the material area corresponding to the first station is equipped with a station terminal and a gear side sealing ring transfer fixture, and the material area corresponding to the second station is equipped with a bearing storage station and a bearing... The production line material area includes a shaft box transfer fixture, a bearing inner ring heater, and a bearing outer ring press-fitting machine. A shaft collar / non-tooth side sealing ring transfer fixture is provided at the third workstation. The AGV passage area allows the production line AGV platform to travel from one side of the production workshop to the other. The production line AGV platform can enter the first workstation from the AGV passage area, can travel between adjacent workstations, and can enter the AGV passage area from the third workstation. The first workstation is a tooth side labyrinth assembly workstation, the second workstation is a bearing assembly workstation, and the third workstation is a non-tooth side labyrinth assembly workstation. Axles are loaded onto the production line from one side of the workshop and hoisted onto the production line AGV platform. After the materials to be assembled are transferred from the warehouse to the production line material area, the axles are transported via the production line AGV platform, sequentially passing through the three assembly workstations to complete each assembly process until the overall assembly of the axle and the shaft box is completed.

[0005] As an improvement, there is linkage between production line AGV platforms at workstations; linkage between AGV platforms and gear ring tightening machines; linkage between production line AGV platforms and bearing inner ring pressure holding machines; and linkage between production line AGV platforms and lifting doors for passage between bearings.

[0006] As an improvement, the data exchanged between the Production Execution System (MES) at the production execution level and the production line control system includes production planning tasks, process document data, equipment configuration parameters, quality control data, material information data, and operator data.

[0007] Worker data: The production line control system can read the work cards of the all-in-one card system and connect the data. When the MES system assigns work, it sends the worker information to the production line control system and the workstation terminal. The worker clocks in at the workstation terminal. The system recognizes the worker information and confirms the assigned task information before starting work.

[0008] Equipment data: Equipment data refers to the status data of the equipment, including the equipment's operating status, fault conditions, etc. The production line central control system can monitor the equipment's operating status and fault conditions, and can upload the data to the MES system for production preparation judgment, abnormality alerts, and statistical analysis.

[0009] Material data refers to the master data of components and auxiliary materials required for production, workstation and process information, and supplier information. The MES system distributes the material information of workstations and processes to the production line control system. The production line control system can confirm the material information before production starts, on a process-by-process basis. There are two confirmation methods: one is to scan the material with a QR code scanner. Automatic confirmation is achieved if the barcode matches perfectly, and an alarm is triggered if the match is abnormal, with final judgment made manually; the other is to manually enter the material information. This method is enabled when the material QR code is abnormal or there is a production abnormality, and usage permissions are set. The system has the following functions: When managing component data, material confirmation is required for each operation; when managing auxiliary materials, they can be used only when requisitioned or when a shortage is reported, without the need for confirmation before each operation; when scanning and matching mandatory or occasional replacement parts, the master data information is automatically imported, without the need to carry vehicle number, axle number, or other information, which can be automatically generated during scanning; when scanning and matching self-repaired or outsourced repair parts, the master data is automatically imported, and the vehicle number, axle number, and other information are automatically matched with the task issued by the MES system. If a complete match is found, the system can be automatically generated; if a mismatch is found, manual judgment is required to determine whether to continue or terminate the operation.

[0010] Process data and quality data: Process data refers to the requirements and standards that need to be met to carry out the operation, including parameters from documents such as process documents and work instructions; quality data refers to the relevant data of the product obtained by actual measurement according to the process technical document standards during the actual operation; the MES system transmits the process technical documents to the production line central control system, which then distributes them to the three workstation terminals, where workers can view the assembly work instructions for different vehicle models of axle boxes; process data is transmitted from the MES system to the production line central control system, and then to the intelligent equipment, where process parameters can be set.

[0011] Quality data interacts between the MES system and the production line central control system. The production line central control system automatically judges the work results by comparing the actual execution results of the equipment with the process requirement parameters, and feeds back the execution results and judgment results to the MES system. Quality data should be classified and filtered according to vehicle model, vehicle number, and component for statistical analysis. The completion status of each production line, the measured dimensional data, and the quality judgment results will be fed back to the production line central control system by the equipment terminal through the fieldbus and network. After the production process of a vehicle is completed, the production line central control system will upload the data to the MES system and automatically fill it into the corresponding process control record.

[0012] Production task data: Production task data refers to management data in the production management process. Production tasks are issued through the company's MES system. The production line central control system of this project can fully realize data integration, which can receive production tasks and provide feedback on production preparation, execution, abnormal situations, and completion status. The production plan and schedule of the production line are automatically generated from the MES system and assigned to the production line central control system. After receiving the instructions, the production line central control system decomposes the axle box assembly task and sends it to the terminal equipment of the three workstations through the production line electrical control system and field network bus. After each terminal equipment and operator completes the instructions, they perform completion statistics and report the work, and finally feed back the completion status data to the production line central control system. After the axle box assembly of the entire vehicle is completed, the production task data is uniformly transmitted back to the MES system, realizing the integration of production plan task data.

[0013] As an improvement, the automatic gear ring tightening machine includes an automatic robotic arm and an intelligent tightening device. The automatic robotic arm is a six-axis robotic arm, and the intelligent tightening device is fixedly installed at the end of the automatic robotic arm. The intelligent tightening device includes a tightening shaft sensor, a vision sensor, a mechanical structure, and a control system. The vision sensor detects the position and angle of the tightening shaft and transmits the sensing signal to the control system. The control system adjusts the spatial posture of the tightening shaft through physical space coordinate transformation, ultimately achieving the tightening shaft fitting the bolt. The control system transmits instructions to the tightening shaft to ensure that the bolt tightening torque is executed according to the given tightening sequence and tightening torque.

[0014] As an improvement, under the control of the production line's central control system, the bearing inner ring pressure holding machine is linked with the AGV. When personnel confirm that the bearing inner ring is heated and installed in place, the central control system sends a command to the pressure holding machine. The bearing inner ring pressure holding machine then controls the time and pressure to maintain the bearing inner ring at a force of 75kN for 10 minutes.

[0015] As an improvement, the bearing outer ring press-fitting machine includes a flipping mechanism, a press-fitting mechanism, a platform support mechanism, and a positioning and clamping mechanism.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0017] 1. By using the central control system of the production line and combining it with the switchable structure of the equipment hardware, the production switching of different models of locomotive axle box assembly products can be realized, thereby achieving flexible manufacturing;

[0018] 2. Based on the configured equipment, the layout scheme of 3 workstations with a 45-minute cycle time for single-piece flow was optimized, and the operation path, material path, and workpiece path were optimized. At the same time, the human-machine collaborative operation content was divided into balanced segments to ensure the process throughput of the axle box product.

[0019] 3. By defining the linkage between AGVs and other equipment, such as AGVs and access gates, AGVs and gear ring tightening robots, and AGVs and bearing inner ring press-fitting machines, the work efficiency is improved and the difficulty of human operation is reduced.

[0020] 4. Based on the production line central control system and various monitoring sensors such as vision, pressure, displacement, torque, and temperature, the invention automatically collects and judges key operational data of the bearing box production line, realizing the transformation of product quality from human-based to technology-based prevention.

[0021] 5. This invention utilizes the advantages of data integration between upstream and downstream processes and the built-in database of the production line control system. It can link upstream and downstream processes by identifying material codes, thereby achieving forward and reverse traceability of quality data.

[0022] 6. The central control system of this invention has a built-in database, which can intelligently prompt abnormal detection values ​​through database comparison, realize early warning of equipment status data and product quality data, and prevent failure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of the production workshop.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the linkage between production line AGV platforms at different workstations.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the linkage between the AGV platform and the gear ring tightening machine.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the linkage between the AGV platform on the production line and the bearing inner ring pressure holding machine.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the linkage between the AGV platform on the production line and the lifting gate that allows passage between the bearings.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a data integration architecture diagram for the bearing box production line. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes comprises an AGV passage area on one side of the production workshop, a work area in the middle, and a material area on the other side. A gantry crane 6 spans above the AGV passage area, work area, and material area. The work area, arranged sequentially according to material flow, includes a first station, a second station, and a third station. The first station is a gear-side labyrinth assembly station, the second station is a bogie axle box assembly station, and the third station is a non-gear-side labyrinth assembly station. The first station is equipped with a gear ring induction heater 9, a gear ring automatic tightening machine 10, a gear ring transfer fixture 8, and a first preparation trolley 12. The second station is equipped with a bearing inner ring pressure holding machine 13, a grease injection trolley 17, and a second preparation trolley 14. The third station is equipped with a charger 16 and a third preparation trolley 15. The production line material area is equipped with a workstation terminal and a toothed side sealing ring transfer fixture 1 at the first workstation position; the production line material area is equipped with a bearing storage workstation 2, a bearing box transfer fixture 4, a bearing inner ring heater 3, and a bearing outer ring press machine 5 at the second workstation position; the production line material area is equipped with a shaft collar / non-toothed side sealing ring transfer fixture 7 at the third workstation position. The AGV passage area allows the production line AGV platform to travel from one side of the production workshop to the other. The production line AGV platform can enter the first workstation from the AGV passage area, and can travel between adjacent workstations. The production line AGV platform 11 can enter the AGV passage area from the third workstation. The axle is loaded onto the production line AGV platform 11 from the east side of the production workshop. After the materials to be assembled are transferred from the warehouse to the production line material area, the axle is transported through the production line AGV platform 11 and sequentially transferred through the three assembly workstations to complete each assembly process until the overall assembly of the axle and the bearing box is completed. After the axle clamp box is assembled and removed from the production line on the west side of the workshop, the AGV platform 11 of the production line returns to its initial workstation to continue transporting axles, thereby realizing the assembly line operation of the production line, avoiding the complicated process of overhead crane hoisting, improving production efficiency, and ensuring safe production reliability.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, there is a linkage between the production line AGV platforms at each workstation; for example... Figure 3 As shown, there is a linkage between the AGV platform and the gear ring tightening machine; as Figure 4 As shown, there is a linkage between the production line AGV platform and the bearing inner ring pressure holding machine; for example... Figure 5 As shown, there is a linkage between the production line AGV platform and the lifting door that allows passage between the bearings.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, the data exchanged between the Production Execution System (MES) at the production execution layer and the production line control system includes production planning tasks, process document data, equipment configuration parameters, quality control data, material information data, and operator data.

[0033] Worker data: The production line control system can read the work cards of the all-in-one card system and perform data integration. When the MES system assigns work, it sends the worker information to the production line control system and the workstation terminal. The worker clocks in at the workstation terminal, and the system recognizes the worker information and confirms the assigned task information before starting work.

[0034] Equipment data: Equipment data refers to the status data of the equipment, including the equipment's operating status, fault conditions, and other data. The production line central control system can monitor the equipment's operating status and fault conditions, and can upload the data to the MES system for production preparation judgment, anomaly alerts, and statistical analysis.

[0035] Material data refers to the master data of components and auxiliary materials required for production, workstation and process information, and supplier information. The MES system distributes the material information of workstations and processes to the production line control system. The production line control system can confirm the material information before production starts, on a process-by-process basis. There are two confirmation methods: one is to scan the material with a QR code scanner. Automatic confirmation is achieved if the barcode matches perfectly, and an alarm is triggered if the match is abnormal, with final judgment made manually; the other is to manually enter the material information. This method is enabled when the material QR code is abnormal or there is a production abnormality, and usage permissions are set. The system has the following functions: When managing component data, material confirmation is required for each operation; when managing auxiliary materials, they can be used only when requisitioned or when shortages are reported, without the need for confirmation before each operation; when scanning and matching mandatory or occasional replacement parts, the master data information is automatically imported, without the need to carry vehicle number, axle number, or other information, which can be automatically generated during scanning; when scanning and matching self-repaired or outsourced repair parts, the master data is automatically imported, and the vehicle number, axle number, and other information are automatically matched with the task issued by the MES system. If a complete match is found, the task is automatically generated; if a mismatch is found, manual judgment is required to determine whether to continue or terminate the operation.

[0036] Process data and quality data: Process data refers to the requirements and standards that need to be met to carry out the operation, including parameters from documents such as process documents and work instructions; quality data refers to the relevant data of the product obtained by actual measurement in accordance with the process technical document standards during the actual operation; the MES system transmits the process technical documents to the production line central control system, which then distributes them to the three workstation terminals, where workers can view the assembly work instructions for different vehicle models of axle boxes at the workstation terminals; process data is transmitted from the MES system to the production line central control system, and then to the intelligent equipment, where process parameters can be set.

[0037] Quality data interacts between the MES system and the production line central control system. The production line central control system automatically judges the work results by comparing the actual execution results of the equipment with the process requirement parameters, and feeds back the execution results and judgment results to the MES system. Quality data should be classified and filtered according to vehicle model, vehicle number, and component for statistical analysis. The completion status of each production line, the measured dimensional data, and the quality judgment results will be fed back to the production line central control system by the equipment terminal through the fieldbus and network. After the production process of a vehicle is completed, the production line central control system will upload the data to the MES system and automatically fill it into the corresponding process control record.

[0038] Production task data: Production task data refers to management data in the production management process. Production tasks are issued through the company's MES system. The production line central control system of this project can fully realize data integration, which can receive production tasks and provide feedback on production preparation, execution, abnormal situations, and completion status. The production plan and schedule of the production line are automatically generated from the MES system and assigned to the production line central control system. After receiving the instructions, the production line central control system decomposes the axle box assembly task and sends it to the terminal equipment of the three workstations through the production line electrical control system and field network bus. After each terminal equipment and operator completes the instructions, they perform completion statistics and report the work, and finally feed back the completion status data to the production line central control system. After the axle box assembly of the entire vehicle is completed, the production task data is uniformly transmitted back to the MES system, realizing the integration of production plan task data.

[0039] The automatic gear ring tightening machine includes an automatic robotic arm and an intelligent tightening device. The automatic robotic arm is a six-axis robotic arm, and the intelligent tightening device is fixedly installed at its end. The intelligent tightening device includes a tightening shaft sensor, a vision sensor, a mechanical structure, and a control system. The tightening shaft is mounted on a mechanical device with a floating function, which facilitates the adjustment of the center distance of the gear ring bolts for different products, thus achieving flexible switching. Because the gear ring bolts are hexagonal, the vision sensor detects the position and angle of the tightening shaft and transmits the sensing signal to the control system. The control system adjusts the spatial posture of the tightening shaft through physical space coordinate transformation, ultimately achieving the tightening shaft fitting the bolt. The control system then transmits instructions to the tightening shaft to ensure that the bolt tightening torque is executed according to the given tightening sequence and torque. There are 25 sets of diagonal bolts on the gear ring. The tightening robot communicates with the AGV through the central control system. When a set of diagonal bolts is tightened successfully, a transfer device on the AGV realizes the automatic indexing rotation of the axle and gear ring, thereby tightening the next set of diagonal bolts.

[0040] Under the control of the production line's central control system, the bearing inner ring pressure holding machine is linked with the AGV. When the personnel confirm that the bearing inner ring is heated and installed in place, the central control system sends a command to the pressure holding machine. The bearing inner ring pressure holding machine then controls the time and pressure to maintain the bearing inner ring at a force of 75kN for 10 minutes.

[0041] The bearing outer ring press-fitting machine consists of a tilting mechanism, a press-fitting mechanism, a platform support mechanism, and a positioning and clamping mechanism. The press-fitting mechanism and platform support mechanism are primarily used to adjust the press-fitting stroke of different wheel bearing outer rings. This adjustment function is achieved by identifying the assembly product type in the central control system and using position sensors embedded in the hardware to adjust the stroke and flexibly switch between different products. The press-fitting machine also uses pressure curve monitoring to determine the quality of the press-fitting process.

[0042] Assembly Procedure Table for HXD1 / HXD1C Locomotive Axle Box

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] HXD1B type locomotive axle box assembly process table

[0046]

[0047] HXD3C Locomotive Axle Box Assembly Procedure Table

[0048]

[0049] This invention solves the following problems:

[0050] (1) Solving the technical problem of poor assembly quality consistency

[0051] By designing a production line for human-machine collaborative operation, automated equipment such as bearing outer ring press-fitting machines, bearing inner ring pressure holding machines, and automatic gear ring bolt tightening machines are configured for key operations such as bearing press-fitting, bearing pressure holding, and gear ring bolt tightening, ensuring consistency in the assembly operations of key processes. Simultaneously, to verify the consistency of operations, various sensing elements are embedded in the equipment, including pressure sensors, torque sensors, angle sensors, and displacement sensors, to sense and detect data in real time. Based on the detected status data, the system automatically judges the operation results, promoting the transformation of the operation process from human-based to technology-based.

[0052] (2) Solving the problem of low digital proficiency

[0053] The production line is equipped with an independent central control system with a database function. On the one hand, it presets standard values ​​for various workloads to determine whether the work results are qualified or not. On the other hand, it collects data in real time and enters the central control system to facilitate rapid traceability later. Thirdly, it designs human-machine interaction interfaces on intelligent terminals at workstations to realize human-machine interaction throughout the entire work process, ensuring that the work sequence is carried out according to the set program.

[0054] (3) Design to solve the lean and flexible requirements of the bearing box production line

[0055] Lean solutions rely on lean production line simulation and lean layout, setting standard workstations and standard operations to ensure that the production line operates on a workstation-based, rhythmic, single-piece flow basis, with optimal paths for personnel and material movement.

[0056] (4) To solve the problem of production line flexibility

[0057] First, we need to streamline the existing work processes for various vehicle models and unify the highly consistent content. Second, we need to accelerate the switching of production modes by flexibly improving the tooling. Third, the configured central control system can adapt to the human-machine interaction operation command control of different vehicle models' axle box assembly according to different products.

[0058] (5) Solving the efficiency problem

[0059] By replacing some tasks with machines instead of traditional manual labor, the workforce has been reduced. What used to require 6 people to complete this production line now only requires 3.

Claims

1. A flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes, characterized in that: One side of the production workshop is the AGV passage area, the middle is the work area, and the other side is the material area. A gantry crane spans above the AGV passage area, work area, and material area. The work area, arranged according to material flow, includes a first station, a second station, and a third station. The first station is equipped with a gear ring induction heater, a gear ring automatic tightening machine, a gear ring transfer fixture, and a first preparation trolley. The second station is equipped with a bearing inner ring pressure holding machine, a grease injection trolley, and a second preparation trolley. The third station is equipped with a charger and a third preparation trolley. The material area, corresponding to the first station, has a station terminal and a gear side sealing ring transfer fixture. The material area, corresponding to the second station, has a bearing storage station, a bearing box transfer fixture, a bearing inner ring heater, and a bearing outer ring heater. The assembly line includes a shaft collar and non-tooth side sealing ring transfer fixture located at the third workstation in the material area. The AGV passageway allows the production line AGV platform to travel from one side of the production workshop to the other. The production line AGV platform can enter the first workstation from the AGV passageway, can travel between adjacent workstations, and can enter the AGV passageway from the third workstation. The first workstation is a tooth-side labyrinth assembly workstation, the second workstation is a bearing assembly workstation, and the third workstation is a non-tooth side labyrinth assembly workstation. Axles are loaded onto the production line from one side of the workshop and hoisted onto the production line AGV platform. After the materials to be assembled are transferred from the warehouse to the production line material area, the axles are transported via the production line AGV platform, sequentially transferring them through the three assembly workstations to complete each assembly process until the overall assembly of the axle and bearing housing is completed.

2. The flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are linkages between production line AGV platforms at workstations; there are linkages between AGV platforms and gear ring tightening machines; there are linkages between production line AGV platforms and bearing inner ring pressure holding machines; and there are linkages between production line AGV platforms and lifting doors that allow passage between bearings.

3. The flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data exchanged between the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) at the production execution level and the production line central control system includes production planning tasks, process document data, equipment configuration parameters, quality control data, material information data, and operator data. Worker data: The production line control system can read the work cards of the all-in-one card system and connect the data. When the MES system assigns work, it sends the worker information to the production line control system and the workstation terminal. The worker clocks in at the workstation terminal. The system recognizes the worker information and confirms the assigned task information before starting work. Equipment data: Equipment data refers to the status data of the equipment, including the equipment's operating status and fault data; the production line central control system can monitor the equipment's operating status and fault data, and can upload them to the MES system for production preparation judgment, abnormality alerts and statistical analysis; Material data refers to the master data of components and auxiliary materials required for production, workstation and process information, and supplier information. The MES system distributes the material information of workstations and processes to the production line control system. The production line control system confirms the material information before production starts, on a process-by-process basis. There are two confirmation methods: one is to scan the materials using a QR code scanner. A perfect match will automatically confirm the information, and an alarm will be triggered if the match is abnormal, requiring manual judgment. The second method is to manually enter the materials. This method is used when there is an abnormal QR code on the material or a production abnormality, and access permissions are set. Functions: When managing component data, material confirmation is required for each operation; when managing auxiliary materials, they are only needed when requisitioned or when shortages are reported, without the need for confirmation before each operation; when scanning and matching mandatory or occasional replacement parts, master data information is automatically imported, without needing to carry vehicle number, axle number, or other information, as it is automatically generated during scanning; when scanning and matching self-repaired or outsourced repair parts, master data is automatically imported, and vehicle number, axle number, and other information are automatically matched with the task issued by the MES system. If a complete match is achieved, the task is automatically generated; if a mismatch is found, manual judgment is required to determine whether to continue or terminate the operation. Process data and quality data: Process data refers to the requirements and standard data that need to be met to carry out the operation, including parameters in documents such as process documents and work instructions; quality data refers to the relevant data of the product obtained by actual measurement in accordance with the process technical document standards during the actual operation; the MES system transmits the process technical documents to the production line central control system, which then distributes them to the three workstation terminals, where different vehicle models' axle box assembly work instructions can be viewed. Process data is transmitted to the production line control system via the MES system, and then to the intelligent equipment, where process parameters can be set. Quality data is exchanged between the MES system and the production line control system. The production line control system automatically judges the operation results by comparing the actual execution results of the equipment with the process requirement parameters, and feeds back the execution results and judgment results to the MES. Quality data should be categorized and filtered according to vehicle model, vehicle number, and component for statistical analysis. The completion status of each production line, the measured dimensional data, and the quality judgment results will be fed back to the production line central control system by the equipment terminal through the fieldbus and network. After the production process of a vehicle is completed, the production line central control system will upload the data to the MES system and automatically fill it into the corresponding process control record. Production task data: Production task data refers to management data in the production management process. Production tasks are issued through the company's MES system, and the production line central control system can fully integrate the data. It can both receive production tasks and provide feedback on production preparation, execution, abnormal situations, and completion status. The production plan and schedule of the production line are automatically generated from the MES system and assigned to the production line central control system. After receiving the instructions, the production line central control system decomposes the axle box assembly task and sends it to the terminal equipment at the three workstations through the production line electrical control system and field network bus. After each terminal equipment and operator completes the execution of the instructions, they perform completion statistics and report the work, and finally feed back the completion status data to the production line central control system. After the axle box assembly of the entire vehicle is completed, the production task data is uniformly transmitted back to the MES system, realizing the integration of production plan task data.

4. The flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic gear ring tightening machine includes an automatic robotic arm and an intelligent tightening device. The automatic robotic arm is a six-axis robotic arm, and the intelligent tightening device is fixedly installed at the end of the automatic robotic arm. The intelligent tightening device includes a tightening shaft sensor, a vision sensor, a mechanical structure, and a control system. The vision sensor detects the position and angle of the tightening shaft and transmits the sensing signal to the control system. The control system adjusts the spatial posture of the tightening shaft through physical space coordinate transformation, ultimately achieving the tightening shaft fitting the bolt. The control system transmits instructions to the tightening shaft to ensure that the bolt tightening torque is executed according to the given tightening sequence and tightening torque.

5. The flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under the control of the production line's central control system, the bearing inner ring pressure holding machine is linked with the AGV. When the personnel confirm that the bearing inner ring is heated and installed in place, the central control system sends a command to the pressure holding machine. The bearing inner ring pressure holding machine then controls the time and pressure to maintain the bearing inner ring at a force of 75kN for 10 minutes.

6. The flexible production line for assembling bogie axle boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing outer ring press-fitting machine includes a flipping mechanism, a press-fitting mechanism, a platform support mechanism, and a positioning and clamping mechanism.

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