A two-component fast-curing silicone sealant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of adhesives, and in particular to a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant and a preparation method thereof. According to parts by weight, the raw materials for preparing the silicone sealant include: component A: 90-110 parts of a first polydimethylsiloxane, 20-50 parts of a first inorganic filler; component B: 90-110 parts of a second polydimethylsiloxane, 20-40 parts of a second inorganic filler, 15-30 parts of a ketoxime-type silane crosslinker, 10-15 parts of a tackifier, and 0.5-1 parts of an organic tin catalyst; the structure of the ketoxime-type silane crosslinker is as follows: wherein, the structure of R1 is as follows:. The present invention makes a self-made ketoxime-type silane crosslinker and adds it to the silicone sealant, so that the obtained two-component sealant cures faster, has better deep curing, and has significantly improved mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of adhesives, and in particular to a two-component fast-curing organosilicon sealant and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silicone sealant is a sealing material with polysiloxane as the main component. Due to its excellent weather resistance, high and low temperature resistance, good electrical insulation and chemical stability, it is widely used in many fields such as construction, electronics, automobiles, aerospace, etc., and plays an important role in sealing, bonding, protection and other aspects.

[0003] However, traditional two-component silicone sealants have certain limitations in terms of curing speed: although the curing reaction occurs after the two components are mixed, the curing speed of some products is not ideal and cannot meet some scenarios where there are urgent requirements for rapid construction and rapid commissioning, such as rapid packaging of electronic components and rapid assembly of automobile production lines. The sealant needs to be cured in a relatively short time to form a reliable seal and protection.

[0004] Chinese patent CN108192561A discloses a deketoxime silicone sealant and a preparation method thereof. Based on an organosilicon system composed of dihydroxy polysiloxane and dimethyl silicone oil, the deketoxime silicone sealant is prepared in combination with nanosilver loaded on a carrier and thiazole compounds. The sealant has the characteristics of not being easy to yellow and having good anti-mildew effect. Chinese patent CN117229754A discloses a two-component organosilicon sealant and a preparation method thereof. By using hydrogen-containing silicone oil I and hydrogen-containing silicone oil III in combination, the two-component organosilicon sealant has a shorter surface drying time. However, it is difficult for the sealants in the above-mentioned technologies to have a faster curing rate while maintaining good mechanical properties. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant. The raw materials for preparing the silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0006] Component A: 90-110 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 20-50 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0007] Component B: 90-110 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20-40 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15-30 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 10-15 parts of the tackifier, and 0.5-1 part of the organotin catalyst;

[0008] The structure of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent is as follows:

[0009] Among them, the structure of R1 is as follows: .

[0010] In one embodiment, the raw materials for preparing the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent include: compound A, vinyl trisbutyl ketoxime silane, platinum catalyst, activated carbon, solvent A;

[0011] The raw materials for preparing the compound A include: tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethyl orthosilicate, dimethylchlorosilane, deionized water, solvent B, and solvent C.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the compound A to vinyltributylonoxime silane is (2-4):5. Examples include 2:5, 3:5, and 4:5. Preferably, the mass ratio of the compound A to vinyltributylonoxime silane is 2:5.

[0013] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethyl orthosilicate, and dimethylchlorosilane is (34-36): (20-21): (35-37). Examples include 34:20:35, 35:21:35, 36:21:35, 36:21:36, and 36:21:37. Preferably, the mass ratio of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethyl orthosilicate, and dimethylchlorosilane is 36:21:37.

[0014] In one embodiment, the solvent A and the solvent B are both methanol.

[0015] In one embodiment, the solvent C is n-hexane.

[0016] In one embodiment, the platinum-based catalyst is a Castaplatin catalyst.

[0017] In one embodiment, the structure of compound A is as follows:

[0018] , wherein the structure of R2 is as follows: .

[0019] In one embodiment, the preparation method of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent comprises:

[0020] Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, deionized water and solvent B were stirred in an ice bath for 0.5-1h, then ethyl orthosilicate was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 24-30h, and solvent C and dimethylchlorosilane were added to continue the reaction for 3-4h to obtain a reaction solution, and the reaction solution was subjected to reduced pressure distillation, washing and drying to obtain compound A;

[0021] The compound A and vinyltributylonoxime silane are dissolved in solvent A, and then a platinum catalyst is added to reflux for 4-5 hours, and then the mixture is cooled and adsorbed with activated carbon for 2-3 hours, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the product.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the washing is methanol washing, and the number of washing times is 3-4 times.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the drying is vacuum drying, and the conditions of the vacuum drying are: temperature of 60-70°C, drying time of 1-2h, vacuum degree of -30kPa.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane both include at least one of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, trimethoxysilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and trimethoxysilyl-vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

[0025] In one embodiment, the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane comprises α,ω-dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane.

[0026] In one embodiment, the viscosity of the first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane is 1500-5000 Pa·s, which can be 1500 Pa·s, 2000 Pa·s, 3000 Pa·s, 4000 Pa·s, and 5000 Pa·s.

[0027] Studies have shown that the viscosity of polydimethylsiloxane and the distance between its crosslinking points have a significant effect on the performance of silicone sealants. When the viscosity is high and the distance between the crosslinking points is large, the prepared sealant exhibits higher elongation at break and peel strength, but this is also accompanied by reduced extrudability and increased construction difficulty. On the contrary, if the viscosity is low and the distance between the crosslinking points is small, the sealant will exhibit higher hardness, lower elongation at break, and poorer mechanical properties. However, such a sealant has better operability and extrudability during construction, and the gluing efficiency is higher. In order to take into account the mechanical properties and construction operability of the sealant, high and low viscosity polydimethylsiloxanes can be used in combination.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane are a compound of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s and a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the first polydimethylsiloxane is (1-3):(2-4), which can be 1:3, 1:4, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 3:4.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the second polydimethylsiloxane is (3-7): (3-7), which can be exemplified as 3:7, 1:1, 2:3, 3:2, 7:3.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first inorganic filler and the second inorganic filler both include at least one of nano calcium carbonate, fumed silica, and heavy calcium carbonate.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the first inorganic filler comprises nano calcium carbonate. Further preferably, the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 40-80 nm. It can be 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 56 nm, 57 nm, 58 nm, 59 nm, 60 nm, 61 nm, 62 nm, 63 nm, 64 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm; most preferably, it is 80 nm.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the second inorganic filler includes fumed silica.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the fumed silica is surface treated with hexamethyldisilazane. In the present invention, the surface hydrophobic modification of fumed silica by hexamethyldisilazane improves the compatibility with the silicone sealant and can be more evenly dispersed in the sealant. Thus, the mechanical properties of the sealant, such as tensile strength, tear strength and hardness, are significantly improved, so that the sealant can better resist damage from external forces during use and is not prone to cracking, tearing and the like.

[0035] In one embodiment, the adhesion promoter includes at least one of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0036] In one embodiment, the organotin catalyst comprises dibutyltin dilaurate.

[0037] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant, comprising at least the following steps:

[0038] The first polydimethylsiloxane and the first inorganic filler are mixed and stirred in vacuum for 1-3 hours to obtain component A;

[0039] The second polydimethylsiloxane, the second inorganic filler, the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, the tackifier and the organotin catalyst are mixed and stirred in vacuum for 1-3 hours to obtain component B;

[0040] The A component and the B component are mixed to obtain the product.

[0041] In one embodiment, the vacuum stirring conditions are: vacuum degree is -0.096 MPa, and stirring rate is 800 rpm / min.

[0042] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of component A to component B is 10:1.

[0043] Beneficial Effects

[0044] The present invention provides a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant and a preparation method thereof, which has the following advantages:

[0045] 1. The self-made ketoxime silane crosslinking agent of the present invention has a large number of ketoxime groups that absorb water vapor and has a high reaction activity, so that the obtained two-component silicone sealant has a faster curing speed and better deep curing.

[0046] 2. The self-made ketoxime-type silane crosslinking agent of the present invention has a rigid group similar to POSS, so that the mechanical properties of the two-component sealant prepared therefrom are also significantly improved while the curing rate is effectively improved.

[0047] 3. The present invention preferably uses a specific polydimethylsiloxane, combined with fumed silica surface-treated with hexamethyldisilazane, to prepare an organosilicon sealant with the addition of an organotin catalyst; the sealant can be fully cured in 2 hours at room temperature and has a tensile strength greater than 3MPa.

[0048] 4. The two-component fast-curing silicone sealant provided by the present invention has readily available raw materials and a simple preparation process, which is conducive to moving workpieces in a short time and improving production efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The information of some raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] α,ω-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane: viscosity is 1500 Pa·s (test temperature is 25°C), purchased from Shandong Dongyue Company.

[0051] α,ω-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane: viscosity is 5000 Pa·s (test temperature is 25°C), purchased from Shandong Dongyue Company.

[0052] Nano calcium carbonate: particle size is 80 nm, purchased from Guangxi Warner Co., Ltd.

[0053] Fumed silica surface treated with hexamethyldisilazane was purchased from Hubei New Blue Sky New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0054] γ-(2,3-Epoxypropyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane was purchased from Shanghai Bangcheng Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0055] Dibutyltin dilaurate was purchased from Merck.

[0056] Castaplatin catalyst was purchased from Guangzhou Siyou New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0057] Note: Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available; the room temperature is 25°C.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] In a first aspect of the present embodiment, a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant is provided. The raw materials for preparing the silicone sealant include, in parts by weight:

[0060] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 40 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0061] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 10 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst;

[0062] The structure of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent is as follows:

[0063] Among them, the structure of R1 is as follows: .

[0064] The raw materials for preparing the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent include: compound A, vinyl trisbutyl ketoxime silane, castaplatin catalyst, activated carbon, and methanol;

[0065] The raw materials for preparing the compound A include: tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethyl orthosilicate, dimethylchlorosilane, deionized water, methanol and n-hexane.

[0066] The preparation method of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent comprises:

[0067] 36g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide was stirred with 15mL of deionized water and 51mL of methanol in an ice bath for 0.5h, and then 21g of ethyl orthosilicate was added, and the reaction was allowed to react at room temperature for 24h. 600mL of n-hexane and 37g of dimethylchlorosilane were added and the reaction was continued for 3h to obtain a reaction solution, and the reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure, washed, and dried to obtain compound A;

[0068] 8 g of compound A and 20 g of vinyltributylidene silane were dissolved in 100 mL of toluene, and then 5 ppm of Castaplatin catalyst was added to reflux for 4.5 h. After cooling, activated carbon was added for adsorption for 2 h. The product was distilled under reduced pressure at 1.5 kPa and 120 °C until no solvent was precipitated.

[0069] The structure of the compound A is as follows:

[0070] , wherein the structure of R2 is as follows: .

[0071] The washing was performed with methanol, and the number of washing times was 3 times.

[0072] The drying is vacuum drying, and the conditions of the vacuum drying are: temperature of 60° C., drying time of 1 h, and vacuum degree of -30 kPa.

[0073] The first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane are both a compound of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s and a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s.

[0074] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the first polydimethylsiloxane is 1:4.

[0075] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the second polydimethylsiloxane is 3:7.

[0076] The polydimethylsiloxane is α,ω-dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane.

[0077] The first inorganic filler is nano calcium carbonate.

[0078] The second inorganic filler is fumed silica surface-treated with hexamethyldisilazane.

[0079] The adhesion promoter is γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.

[0080] The organic tin catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate.

[0081] A second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant, comprising the following steps:

[0082] The first polydimethylsiloxane and the first inorganic filler are mixed, and stirred for 2 hours at a vacuum degree of -0.096 MPa and a stirring rate of 800 rpm / min to obtain component A;

[0083] The second polydimethylsiloxane, the second inorganic filler, the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, the tackifier and the organotin catalyst are mixed, and stirred for 2 hours at a vacuum degree of -0.096 MPa and a stirring rate of 800 rpm / min to obtain component B;

[0084] The component A and the component B are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain the product.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The specific implementation of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0087] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0088] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 50 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0089] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 30 parts of the second inorganic filler, 20 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 15 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst.

[0090] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the first polydimethylsiloxane is 2:3.

[0091] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the second polydimethylsiloxane is 2:3.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] The specific implementation of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0094] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0095] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 50 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0096] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 30 parts of the second inorganic filler, 20 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 15 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst.

[0097] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the first polydimethylsiloxane is 1:1.

[0098] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the second polydimethylsiloxane is 3:2.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] The specific implementation of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0101] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0102] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 20 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0103] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 40 parts of the second inorganic filler, 30 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 15 parts of the tackifier, and 0.5 parts of the organic tin catalyst.

[0104] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the first polydimethylsiloxane is 3:2.

[0105] The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s to the polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s in the second polydimethylsiloxane is 7:3.

[0106] Comparative Example 1

[0107] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0108] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0109] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 40 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0110] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15 parts of tetrabutyl ketoxime silane, 10 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst.

[0111] Comparative Example 2

[0112] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0113] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0114] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 40 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0115] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15 parts of methyl tributylidene oxime silane, 10 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst.

[0116] Comparative Example 3

[0117] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0118] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0119] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 40 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0120] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15 parts of vinyltriketoxime silane, 10 parts of the tackifier, and 1 part of the organic tin catalyst.

[0121] Comparative Example 4

[0122] The specific implementation of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0123] The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight:

[0124] Component A: 100 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 40 parts of the first inorganic filler;

[0125] Component B: 100 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20 parts of the second inorganic filler, 10 parts of methyl tributylacetoximate silane, 5 parts of vinyl tributylacetoximate silane, 10 parts of a tackifier, and 1 part of an organic tin catalyst.

[0126] Performance Testing

[0127] The organic silicone sealants prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested for surface drying time and gel time according to GB / T 13477.5-2002; the Shore hardness of the colloid was tested according to GB / T 531.1-2008; the elongation at break and tensile strength were tested according to GB / T 528; and the shear strength was tested according to GB / T 7124-2008;

[0128] The method for determining the curing depth is as follows: use a plastic part with good density and smooth surface of 80mm×20mm×3mm in length×width×thickness, squeeze the glue evenly into the plastic part, control the glue thickness in the middle to 3-4mm, and let the glue overflow to the wide end of the plastic part, and use a scraper to flatten it so that the glue is flush with the plastic part, store it at room temperature for 2h and 24h, use a scraper to take the glue out of the plastic part, and use a measuring tool to determine the cured thickness of the glue. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0129] Table 1

[0130]

[0131] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that compared with the silicone sealant prepared by using traditional crosslinking agents (tetrabutyl ketoxime silane, methyl tributyketoxime silane, vinyl tributyketoxime silane), the self-made ketoxime silane crosslinking agent of the present invention has a faster curing speed, better deep curing, and more excellent mechanical properties.

Claims

1. A two-component fast-curing silicone sealant, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the organic silicone sealant include, by weight: Component A: 90-110 parts of the first polydimethylsiloxane and 20-50 parts of the first inorganic filler; Component B: 90-110 parts of the second polydimethylsiloxane, 20-40 parts of the second inorganic filler, 15-30 parts of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, 10-15 parts of the tackifier, and 0.5-1 part of the organotin catalyst; The structure of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent is as follows: Among them, the structure of R1 is as follows: ; The preparation method of the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent comprises: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide, deionized water and solvent B were stirred in an ice bath for 0.5-1h, then ethyl orthosilicate was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 24-30h, and solvent C and dimethylchlorosilane were added to continue the reaction for 3-4h to obtain a reaction solution, and the reaction solution was subjected to reduced pressure distillation, washing and drying to obtain compound A; The compound A and vinyl trisbutyl ketoxime silane are dissolved in solvent A, and then a platinum catalyst is added to reflux for 4-5 hours, and then the mixture is cooled and adsorbed on activated carbon for 2-3 hours, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the product; The first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane are both a compound of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1500 Pa·s and a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 5000 Pa·s; The first inorganic filler includes nano calcium carbonate, and the second inorganic filler includes fumed silica, which is surface treated with hexamethyldisilazane.

2. The two-component fast-curing silicone sealant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of compound A to vinyltributylidene silane is (2-4):

5.

3. The two-component fast-curing silicone sealant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethyl orthosilicate and dimethylchlorosilane is (34-36): (20-21): (35-37).

4. The two-component fast-curing silicone sealant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first polydimethylsiloxane and the second polydimethylsiloxane each include at least one of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, trimethoxysilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and trimethoxysilyl-vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

5. A method for preparing a two-component fast-curing silicone sealant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: At least the following steps are included: The first polydimethylsiloxane and the first inorganic filler are mixed and stirred in vacuum for 1-3 hours to obtain component A; The second polydimethylsiloxane, the second inorganic filler, the ketoxime type silane crosslinking agent, the tackifier and the organotin catalyst are mixed and stirred in vacuum for 1-3 hours to obtain component B; The A component and the B component are mixed to obtain the product.

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