Cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus is to prepare a slow-release sodium chlorate composite material and a slow-release selenium-containing mineral material respectively, and then mix them with carbon nutrition, nitrogen nutrition, and mineral nutrition to form a cultivation material, wherein the slow-release selenium mineral material is to make a selenium mineral core material with selenium powder, gypsum, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, nano-silicon dioxide, and surfactant OP-10, prepare a packaging material, add a selenium mineral core material, and then use Bis-Tris buffer to soak and treat to make a polymer-wrapped slow-release selenium mineral material. In the present invention, sodium chlorate and selenium are respectively made into a specific slow-release system, and a selenious acid component that is easily absorbed and utilized by black fungus is generated by reacting after slow release in the cultivation material, and the selenious acid concentration in the cultivation material is regulated, black fungus growth is promoted, and while the black fungus yield is increased, the black fungus quality is significantly improved, and the selenium content and amino acid content in the black fungus are significantly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Selenium is a very rare trace element in the human body, but it is also an essential trace element. Black fungus is a precious colloid fungus used as both medicine and food in my country, and is recognized as a health food in the world. Black fungus is grown in Northeast my country, North China, Central South, Southwest China and coastal provinces. Black fungus contains plant collagen, black fungus polysaccharides and other substances. The dried black fungus varieties have high content of protein, microorganisms and iron. This year, with the enhancement of people's awareness of nutrition and health care, the research on selenium-rich cultivation of black fungus and its nutritional components has become more and more in-depth. However, for a long time, the content of organic selenium in the dry materials of conventionally cultivated black fungus products has been generally low. Adding selenium sources to the cultivation matrix can increase the selenium content of black fungus to a certain extent, but there are the following technical problems: if a selenium source is added to the cultivation material, if the selenium content is low, different selenides will be formed in the cultivation material due to environmental changes. At that time, the effective absorption of black fungus will be low, and the subsequent conversion into organic selenium will be less. If a large amount of selenium source is introduced, the selenium content in the cultivation material will exceed the standard, causing black fungus to be poisoned during the growth process, inhibiting the growth of black fungus, and ultimately resulting in a decrease in the yield and quality of black fungus. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned selenium-rich black fungus cultivation material.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus, characterized in that: the cultivation material is prepared by mixing a slow-release sodium chlorate composite material and a slow-release selenium-containing mineral material with carbon nutrition, nitrogen nutrition and mineral nutrition respectively; the slow-release selenium mineral material is prepared by dissolving selenium powder, gypsum, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, nano-silicon dioxide and surfactant OP-10 in ethanol to form a suspension 2, filtering and drying the selenium mineral core material, mixing acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene to form a polymerization monomer solution, adding the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile to isopropanol to obtain a packaging material, then adding the selenium mineral core material to prepare a slow-release selenium-containing mineral crude, and then soaking in Bis-Tris buffer to prepare a polymer-coated slow-release selenium mineral material.

[0007] Furthermore, in the suspension 2, according to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 18-20 parts of gypsum, 4-5 parts of superphosphate, 18-20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8-10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol are mixed, heated to 50-60° C., and stirred for 2-3 h to obtain a nano-silicon dioxide-modified diatomaceous earth suspension.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water is 3:1:8-10, and after being evenly stirred, the mixture is dried at 80-90° C., and then crushed to obtain a crude sustained-release selenium-containing mineral.

[0009] Furthermore, the soaking treatment is to place the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude in Bis-Tris buffer, heat it to 35-40°C, soak it for 4-5 hours, then filter it, and then dry it at 35-40°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material.

[0010] Furthermore, the sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material is prepared by dissolving sodium chlorate in water to prepare a sodium chlorate solution, mixing and stirring diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol to prepare a suspension 1, adding the sodium chlorate solution to the suspension to obtain a mixed solution, vacuum filtering the mixed solution, filtering the solid and drying it to obtain a sustained-release sodium chlorate core material, which is then added to a packaging material to prepare a sustained-release sodium chlorate material.

[0011] Furthermore, in terms of weight, the sodium chlorate solution comprises 1 part of sodium chlorate, 5 parts of water, the suspension 1 comprises 25-27 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2 parts of nano-activated carbon, 3 parts of surfactant OP-10, and 195 parts of ethanol.

[0012] Further, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol were mixed according to a mass ratio, heated to 50-60° C., and stirred for 2-3 h to form a nano-activated carbon-modified diatomaceous earth suspension.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sustained-release sodium chloride core material, packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and the sustained-release sodium chlorate material is obtained by drying and crushing at 80-90°C.

[0014] Furthermore, in the polymerization monomer solution, the mass ratio of acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene is 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.2, and the mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the cultivation material contains, by weight, 12 to 20 parts of carbon nutrients, 8 to 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, and 0.5 to 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material.

[0016] Furthermore, the carbon nutrients are composed of glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30.

[0017] Furthermore, the nitrogen nutrient component is composed of rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acid, urea and rice husk in the ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0018] A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material

[0020] (1) dissolving sodium chlorate in water to prepare a solution, mixing diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol to prepare a suspension 1, adding the sodium chlorate solution to the suspension to obtain a mixed solution, vacuum filtering the mixed solution, filtering the solid and drying it to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material;

[0021] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, a silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol to form a packaging material;

[0022] (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material;

[0023] Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials

[0024] (1) Selenium powder, gypsum, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, nano-silicon dioxide, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed to form a suspension 2, and the suspension 2 is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material;

[0025] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and propylene are mixed to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, a silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol to obtain a packaging material;

[0026] (3) adding the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring, and then drying and crushing in sequence to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude, and then soaking it in Bis-Tris buffer to prepare a polymer-coated sustained-release selenium mineral material;

[0027] Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material

[0028] The carbon nutrients, nitrogen nutrients, slow-release sodium chlorate material, slow-release selenium-containing mineral material and water are mixed to obtain black fungus cultivation material, which is then bagged for later use.

[0029] Since inorganic selenium is directly added to the cultivation material, elemental selenium is difficult to be effectively utilized, and it is difficult to form selenium-enriched black fungus. Too high a concentration of selenium added will inhibit the growth of black fungus mycelium. At the same time, it is easy to cause selenium poisoning during the subsequent growth of black fungus. Selenium is most easily absorbed and utilized by black fungus in the form of selenious acid, but too low a concentration is not conducive to black fungus absorption, and too high a concentration will inhibit the growth of mycelium.

[0030] In the present invention, selenium and mineral components are formed into a slow-release structure, which is slowly released in the cultivation material. The released selenium encounters the slow-release sodium chlorate and reacts to generate selenious acid and chlorine dioxide at a suitable pH. The selenium in the selenious acid state is more easily absorbed by black fungus and effectively converted into organic selenium, and the chlorine dioxide plays a role in sterilization and disinfection during the growth of black fungus, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of black fungus. The slow release of selenium, the lower concentration of selenium content in the early stage, and the selenium environment formed by the unreacted selenium effectively promote the growth of black fungus hyphae. As the concentration of selenious acid gradually increases, the subsequent selenious acid formed in the cultivation material is continuously and stably in a certain concentration range suitable for the growth of black fungus fruiting bodies, which suppresses the problem of too high concentration of selenium in the cultivation material, avoids selenium poisoning in black fungus, and can provide a stable and continuous effective concentration for rapid absorption of black fungus.

[0031] The reaction formula of selenium and sodium chlorate is as follows:

[0032] 4ClO3 - +4H + +Se=4ClO2+H2O+H2SeO3

[0033] In the present invention, sodium chlorate and minerals are slowly released to adjust the concentration changes of selenious acid and selenium in the cultivation material, forming a special cultivation material environment. In addition, it is found that the minerals and selenium are synchronously slowly released, which effectively promotes the absorption of selenium by black fungus and also promotes the growth of black fungus mycelium and fruiting body.

[0034] Furthermore, in the packaging materials in step 1 and step 2, the mass ratio of acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene is 1~1.2:2~2.5:1~1.2.

[0035] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the isopropanol, the polymerization monomer solution, the silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1.

[0036] Furthermore, in terms of weight, the sodium chlorate solution in step 1 comprises 1 part of sodium chlorate, 5 parts of water, 25-27 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2 parts of nano-activated carbon, 3 parts of surfactant OP-10, and 195 parts of ethanol.

[0037] Furthermore, the diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed according to a mass ratio, the temperature is raised to 50-60° C., and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 hours to form a nano-activated carbon-modified diatomaceous earth suspension.

[0038] Furthermore, in the step 1, the mass ratio of the sustained-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and the water is 2:1:10, and the sustained-release sodium chlorate material is obtained by drying and crushing at 80-90°C.

[0039] Further, in the suspension 2 of step 2, according to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol are mixed and heated to 50-60° C., kept warm and stirred for 2-3 h to obtain a nano-silicon dioxide-modified diatomaceous earth suspension.

[0040] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water is 3:1:8-10, and after being evenly stirred, the mixture is dried at 80-90° C., and then crushed to obtain a crude sustained-release selenium-containing mineral.

[0041] Furthermore, the soaking treatment is to place the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude in Bis-Tris buffer, heat it to 35-40°C, soak it for 4-5 hours, then filter it, and then dry it at 35-40°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material.

[0042] By using Bis-Tris buffer for soaking treatment, the pH of the selenium sustained-release environment is stabilized at 5.5~6.5. In this environment, sodium chlorate and selenium react to mainly produce selenious acid. Selenium in the selenious acid state is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of black fungus during its growth. In addition, this pH is also the best environment for the growth of black fungus, effectively promoting its growth.

[0043] Furthermore, the cultivation material contains, by weight, 12 to 20 parts of carbon nutrients, 8 to 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.5 to 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 30 to 40 parts of water.

[0044] Furthermore, the carbon nutrients are composed of glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30.

[0045] Furthermore, the nitrogen nutrient component is composed of rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acid, urea and rice husk in the ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0046] Most specifically, a method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material

[0048] (1) sodium chlorate and water are prepared into a sodium chlorate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 25-27:3:6:195, and then the temperature is raised to 50-60° C., and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 hours to form a suspension 1, the sodium chlorate solution is added to the suspension, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material;

[0049] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100-110°C, and the reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1;

[0050] (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and drying is performed at 80-90°C;

[0051] Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials

[0052] (1) According to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol are mixed, and the mixture is heated to 50-60° C. and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain suspension 2. The suspension 2 is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material;

[0053] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100-110°C, and the reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1;

[0054] (3) Mix the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water in a mass ratio of 3:1:8-10, stir evenly and then dry at 80-90°C, then grind to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude, then place the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude in Bis-Tris buffer, heat to 35-40°C, soak for 4-5 h, then filter, and then dry at 35-40°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material;

[0055] Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material

[0056] The cultivation material is mixed with 12 to 20 parts of carbon nutrients, 8 to 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 1 to 2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.5 to 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 30 to 40 parts of water in parts by weight, and is packed into bags for later use. The carbon nutrients are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30, and the nitrogen nutrients are rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acids, urea and rice husks in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0057] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0058] In the present invention, sodium chlorate and selenium are respectively prepared into specific slow-release systems, and a selenious acid component that is easily absorbed and utilized by black fungus is generated by a slow-release reaction in a cultivation material, thereby regulating the selenious acid concentration in the cultivation material, promoting the growth of black fungus, increasing the yield of black fungus, and significantly improving the quality of black fungus, and the selenium content and amino acid content in the black fungus are significantly increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material

[0063] (1) sodium chlorate and water are prepared into a sodium chlorate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 27:3:6:195, and then the temperature is raised to 55° C., and the mixture is stirred for 2.5 hours to form a suspension 1, the sodium chlorate solution is added to the suspension, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material;

[0064] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.2:2:1 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 105°C. The reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 52:44:2:1;

[0065] (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and drying is performed at 80-90°C;

[0066] Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials

[0067] (1) According to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol were mixed, the mixture was heated to 55° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours to obtain suspension 2. The suspension 2 was vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid was dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material;

[0068] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.2:2:1 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 105°C. The reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 52:44:2:1;

[0069] (3) The sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:9, stirred evenly and then dried at 85°C, and then crushed to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body, and then the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body is placed in a Bis-Tris buffer solution, heated to 40°C, soaked for 4.5 hours, filtered, and then dried at 40°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material;

[0070] Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material

[0071] The cultivation material is mixed into the cultivation material by weight, including 15 parts of carbon nutrients, 10 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 1 part of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.8 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 35 parts of water, and is packed for later use. The carbon nutrients are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30, and the nitrogen nutrients are rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acids, urea and rice husks in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] Compared with Example 1, no slow-release sodium chlorate material is prepared, that is, there is no step 1, and the remaining cultivation material formulas are the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the sodium chlorate component is not subjected to a sustained-release treatment, and the same amount of sodium chlorate as that in Example 1 is directly added to the cultivation material.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] Compared with Example 1, in the preparation of the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material in step 2, there is no subsequent soaking treatment, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] Compared with Example 1, when preparing the sustained-release selenium core material, the suspension does not contain gypsum, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate. The above components are directly added when mixing the cultivation material. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0080] The prepared cultivation materials of Example 1 and each comparative example were bagged at 2.5 kg / bag, inoculated with the same black fungus strain after sterilization, and cultivated and managed under the same conditions. During the cultivation process, the concentration change of selenious acid in the cultivation bag was detected every 15 days starting from the inoculation. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Table 1: Changes in selenious acid concentration in cultivation materials during cultivation management

[0082]

[0083] It can be seen that in the present invention, as the detection time increases, the selenious acid content in the cultivation material gradually increases. In the early stage, due to the slow release of selenium and sodium chlorate, the concentrations of selenium and selenious acid are both low, which are in a concentration range that is conducive to the growth of black fungus mycelium, and play a role in promoting mycelial growth. After the 60th day, a relatively stable concentration range is formed, which is conducive to the growth of black fungus fruiting bodies and the effective absorption of selenious acid. In Comparative Example 1, since no sodium chlorate is added, the slowly released selenium is difficult to be converted into a large amount of selenious acid in the cultivation material, which has a promoting effect on mycelial growth and is more easily absorbed and utilized by black fungus. Instead, it is mainly accumulated in the cultivation material in the form of selenium, which significantly inhibits the formation of mycelium, and the unfavorable growth of mycelium also affects the growth of subsequent fruiting bodies. In Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of slow release of sodium chlorate, the slow-released selenium in the initial stage directly reacts completely with sufficient sodium chlorate to generate a large amount of selenious acid, so that selenious acid initially accumulates rapidly, exceeding the mycelium growth demand and the upper limit of favorable concentration, but suppressing the growth of mycelium, and suppressing the absorption and utilization of selenious acid in the growth process of black fungus. In Comparative Example 3, due to the unsuitable pH, the reaction conversion of sodium chlorate and selenium is relatively slow, resulting in a lower concentration of selenious acid. With the slow release of selenium, elemental selenium and sodium chlorate slowly accumulate in the cultivation bag, and the concentration of selenious acid also fails to meet the requirements. In Comparative Example 4, due to the lack of synchronous slow release of mineral components with selenium, the mineral environment in the cultivation material has produced differences. Although the selenious acid of suitable concentration is generated, the absorption of selenious acid by black fungus is not ideal, and selenious acid gradually accumulates in the cultivation material.

[0084] During the cultivation process, the cultivation material prepared by directly adding minerals without containing slow-release selenium mineral materials and slow-release sodium chlorate materials was inoculated as the blank group and the same cultivation management was carried out as the control management. The relevant indicators such as the mycelium growth of black fungus, black fungus yield, and selenium content in black fungus are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2:

[0086]

[0087] Although the current national standard of my country has no unlimited provisions on the selenium content in edible fungi, the selenium content in edible fungi of some local standards is limited. For example, DB36 / T566-2009 "Jiangxi Provincial Local Standard Review of Food Selenium Content Classification Standard" stipulates that the selenium content in edible fungi shall not exceed 1.0 mg / kg. Therefore, this standard is used as the safety standard. The selenium content of the dried black fungus of the present invention is 0.47 mg / kg, which is within the safety standard range, and the output is significantly increased by 11.70% compared with the blank group. The selenium content in Comparative Example 2 is 1.29 mg / kg, and the organic selenium content is only 92.4%. Both the selenium content and the organic selenium content are risky to the human body. Although the black fungus output in Comparative Example 4 is significantly improved compared with the blank group, the selenium content is not significantly improved, and the organic selenium content is also relatively low. Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were affected by selenium accumulation, resulting in inhibition of mycelial growth, and a decrease in the yield of black fungus. In addition, due to the low concentration of selenious acid in the cultivation material, which was conducive to absorption, the selenium content in the black fungus was not ideal. In addition, it can be seen that the total amount of amino acids in the black fungus cultivated in Example 1 was significantly improved, of which the proportion of essential amino acids for the human body reached 45.28%, while the blank group was only 42.87%, and the proportion of essential amino acids for the human body in black fungus in Comparative Examples 1-3 was significantly reduced compared with the blank group.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material

[0091] (1) sodium chlorate and water are prepared into a sodium chlorate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 26:3:6:195, and then the temperature is raised to 50°C, and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours to form a suspension 1, the sodium chlorate solution is added to the suspension, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material;

[0092] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 2.5: 1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100°C. The reaction is continued at the temperature for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 55:45:2:1;

[0093] (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and drying at 80°C;

[0094] Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials

[0095] (1) According to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol were mixed, the mixture was heated to 50° C., and the mixture was stirred for 3 h to obtain a suspension 2. The suspension 2 was vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid was dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material;

[0096] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 2.5: 1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100°C. The reaction is continued at the temperature for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 55:45:2:1;

[0097] (3) The sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:8, stirred evenly and then dried at 90°C, and then crushed to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body, and then the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body is placed in a Bis-Tris buffer solution, heated to 35°C, soaked for 5 hours, filtered, and then dried at 35°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material;

[0098] Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material

[0099] The cultivation material is mixed with 12 parts of carbon nutrients, 8 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 35 parts of water in parts by weight and packed for later use. The carbon nutrients are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30, and the nitrogen nutrients are rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acids, urea and rice husks in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0100] Compared with conventional cultivation materials (slow-release selenium mineral materials and slow-release sodium chlorate materials are added, and mineral components are directly added to the cultivation materials), the black fungus yield cultivated in this embodiment is increased by 12.14%, the selenium content reaches 0.42 mg / kg dry fungus, and the amino acid content reaches 126.49 mg / g, of which essential amino acids for the human body account for 44.17%.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0103] Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material

[0104] (1) sodium chlorate and water are prepared into a sodium chlorate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 25:3:6:195, and then the temperature is raised to 60°C, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours to form a suspension 1, the sodium chlorate solution is added to the suspension, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material;

[0105] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.1:2.2:1.1 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 110°C. The reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50:40:2:1;

[0106] (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and drying is performed at 80-90°C;

[0107] Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials

[0108] (1) According to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol were mixed, the mixture was heated to 60° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 h to obtain a suspension 2. The suspension 2 was vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid was dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material;

[0109] (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1.1:2.2:1.1 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 110°C. The reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50:40:2:1;

[0110] (3) The sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:10, stirred evenly and then dried at 85°C, and then crushed to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body, and then placed the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude body in Bis-Tris buffer, heated to 38°C, soaked for 4 hours, and then filtered, and then dried at 38°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material;

[0111] Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material

[0112] The cultivation material is mixed with 20 parts of carbon nutrients, 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.5 parts of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material and 40 parts of water in parts by weight and packed for later use. The carbon nutrients are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30, and the nitrogen nutrients are rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acids, urea and rice husk in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

[0113] Compared with conventional cultivation materials (slow-release selenium mineral materials and slow-release sodium chlorate materials are added, and mineral components are directly added to the cultivation materials), the black fungus yield cultivated in this embodiment is increased by 10.57%, the selenium content reaches 0.43 mg / kg dry fungus, and the amino acid content reaches 124.52 mg / g, of which essential amino acids for the human body account for 43.95%.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material (1) dissolving sodium chlorate in water to prepare a solution, mixing diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol to prepare a suspension 1, adding the sodium chlorate solution to the suspension to obtain a mixed solution, vacuum filtering the mixed solution, filtering the solid and drying it to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material; (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, a silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol to form a packaging material; (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material; Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials (1) Selenium powder, gypsum, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, nano-silicon dioxide, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed to form a suspension 2, and the suspension 2 is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material; (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and propylene are mixed to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, a silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol to obtain a packaging material; (3) adding the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring, and then drying and crushing in sequence to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude, and then soaking it in Bis-Tris buffer to prepare a polymer-coated sustained-release selenium mineral material; Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material The carbon nutrients, nitrogen nutrients, slow-release sodium chlorate material, slow-release selenium-containing mineral material and water are mixed to obtain black fungus cultivation material, which is then bagged for later use.

2. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the packaging materials in step 1 and step 2, the mass ratio of acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene is 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.

2.

3. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the isopropanol, the polymerization monomer solution, the silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:

1.

4. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-rich black fungus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In terms of weight, in the sodium chlorate solution of step 1, sodium chlorate is 1 part, water is 5 parts, in the suspension 1, diatomaceous earth is 25-27 parts, nano-activated carbon is 2 parts, surfactant OP-10 is 3 parts, and ethanol is 195 parts.

5. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 1, the mass ratio of the sustained-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and the material is dried and crushed at 80-90° C. to obtain a sustained-release sodium chlorate material.

6. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In the suspension 2 of step 2, according to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol are mixed and heated to 50-60° C., and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a nano-silicon dioxide-modified diatomaceous earth suspension.

7. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, the packaging material and water is 3:1:8-10. After being stirred evenly, the mixture is dried at 80-90° C. and then crushed to obtain a crude sustained-release selenium-containing mineral.

8. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The soaking treatment is to place the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude in Bis-Tris buffer, heat it to 35-40°C, soak it for 4-5 hours, then filter it, and dry it at 35-40°C to obtain the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material.

9. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The cultivation material comprises 12 to 20 parts of carbon nutrients, 8 to 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.5 to 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 30 to 40 parts of water, calculated by weight.

10. A method for preparing a cultivation material for cultivating selenium-enriched black fungus, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Preparation of sustained-release sodium chlorate composite material (1) sodium chlorate and water are prepared into a sodium chlorate solution in a mass ratio of 1:5, diatomaceous earth, nano-activated carbon, surfactant OP-10 and ethanol are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:1:2:130, and then the temperature is raised to 50-60°C, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 hours to form a suspension 1, the sodium chlorate solution is added to the suspension, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate core material; (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100-110°C, and the reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1; (3) adding the slow-release sodium chlorate core material to the packaging material, adding water and stirring evenly, drying, and crushing to obtain a slow-release sodium chlorate material, wherein the mass ratio of the slow-release sodium chloride core material, the packaging material and water is 2:1:10, and drying is performed at 80-90°C; Step 2: Preparation of sustained-release selenium mineral materials (1) According to weight parts, 1 part of selenium powder, 20 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of calcium sulfate, 90 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 20 parts of surfactant OP-10 and 130 parts of ethanol are mixed, and the mixture is heated to 50-60° C. and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain suspension 2. The suspension 2 is vacuum filtered, and the filtered solid is dried to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material; (2) Acrylic acid, butyl acrylate and styrene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-1.2:2-2.5:1-1.2 to form a polymerization monomer solution, and the polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile are added to isopropanol at a temperature of 100-110°C, and the reaction is continued for 1 hour to form a packaging material. The mass ratio of isopropanol, polymerization monomer solution, silane coupling agent and azobisisobutyronitrile is 50-55:40-45:2:1; (3) Mix the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral core material, packaging material and water in a mass ratio of 3:1:8-10, stir evenly and then dry at 80-90°C, then grind to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude, then place the sustained-release selenium-containing mineral crude in Bis-Tris buffer, heat to 35-40°C, soak for 4-5 h, then filter, and then dry at 35-40°C to obtain a sustained-release selenium-containing mineral material; Step 3: Prepare black fungus cultivation material The cultivation material comprises 12 to 20 parts by weight of carbon nutrients, 8 to 14 parts of nitrogen nutrients, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of slow-release sodium chlorate material, 0.5 to 1 part of slow-release selenium-containing mineral material, and 30 to 40 parts of water, which are mixed into the cultivation material and packed into bags for later use. The carbon nutrients are glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:3:30, and the nitrogen nutrients are rice bran, soybean cake powder, amino acids, urea and rice husks in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5:35.

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