Device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a two-phase aerobic fermentation device and an application method thereof. The device integrates a raw material pretreatment system, a feeding system, an aeration system, a stirring system, a heating and heat preservation system, a leachate backflow system, a decomposition bin, a decomposition bin, a waste gas treatment system and an intelligent control system. The method comprises the following steps: S1, raw material pretreatment; s2, metering and feeding the raw materials; s3, performing high-temperature aerobic decomposition; s4, medium and low temperature post-decomposition; s5, waste gas collection treatment; and S6, product discharging quality control. According to the method, aerobic fermentation is divided into a catabolism phase and an anabolism phase by taking a high-temperature period in a typical aerobic fermentation temperature change curve as a boundary, and decomposition-anabolism of aerobic microorganisms is enhanced by regulating and controlling a microenvironment in a split-phase manner, so that the aerobic biological treatment efficiency is effectively improved, and retention of different functional bacteria in a system is facilitated. The bottleneck problems of large occupied area, long period, low fertilizer efficiency, low functional strain preservation amount and the like of aerobic fermentation are solved, and safe and efficient resource conversion is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, relates to the resource utilization of organic solid waste, and in particular to a device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Urban biodegradable organic solid waste is a complex system with multiple media, multiple components and high water content. It is composed of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, organic acids, enzymes and nutrients. It has the dual attributes of pollution and resources. If not properly handled, it will cause serious environmental pollution and waste of resources.

[0003] Aerobic fermentation is an effective way to reduce, harmlessly treat and recycle urban perishable organic solid waste. Dynamically evolving aerobic microorganisms transform biodegradable organic matter into stable humus. Aerobic fermentation can effectively kill pathogens and stabilize heavy metals. Fermentation products with high aromaticity and high polymerization degree can be used as organic fertilizers or soil conditioners for sustainable development of agriculture and landscaping. However, low aerobic fermentation efficiency of kitchen waste (slow process, low organic matter conversion efficiency, and poor fertilizer efficiency of products) is still a bottleneck problem restricting the promotion and application of this technology. In aerobic fermentation systems without human intervention, the temperature change of deterministic environmental factors is used as the boundary. The aerobic fermentation system will go through a warming period, a high temperature period and a cooling period. As time goes by, the microbial population and functional bacteria show the characteristics of dynamic succession. In the warming period and the high temperature period, the catabolism of microorganisms in the aerobic fermentation system is dominant, while a large number of catabolites are condensed into organic macromolecules through the anabolism of microorganisms during the cooling period of aerobic fermentation. However, the traditional aerobic fermentation system does not distinguish between decomposing and anabolizing bacterial communities, which makes it impossible for functional microorganisms to complete assimilation and dissimilation in their suitable micro-environment, thus limiting the efficiency of aerobic fermentation. In addition, the traditional mixed bacteria aerobic fermentation engineering application requires a large area of ​​land, which is not conducive to the treatment and disposal of decentralized perishable organic solid waste in cities and towns.

[0004] Therefore, how to specifically strengthen the assimilation and dissimilation of the functional bacteria in the aerobic fermentation system on the premise of distinguishing the decomposition and synthesis metabolism of microorganisms in the aerobic fermentation system is of great significance to improving the efficiency of aerobic bioconversion. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and an application method for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste, which can effectively improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency of perishable organic solid waste and the fertilizer effect of the product, can enter a stable operation state without the need for continuous addition of exogenous bacterial agents, has a high retention rate of functional bacteria, and can reduce the land demand for engineering applications, and is more suitable for the treatment and disposal of decentralized perishable organic solid waste in urban and rural areas of my country.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste, used for processing the two-phase aerobic fermentation process, comprising a raw material pretreatment system, a feeding system, an aeration system, a stirring system, a leachate reflux system, a processing bin and an exhaust gas disposal system; the raw material pretreatment system is used to deoil, dehydrate and crush different raw materials respectively; the raw material pretreatment system is connected to the feeding system through a material conveyor belt, and is used to send the material pretreated by the raw material pretreatment system to the feeding system for material storage; the feeding system and the raw material pretreatment system are respectively connected to the leachate reflux system , used to collect leachate generated by the material; the processing bin body includes a decomposition bin and a composting bin, the decomposition bin is used to decompose the material, and the composting bin is used to further humify the material, and the decomposition bin and the composting bin are connected by a material conveyor belt; the feeding system and the leachate reflux system are respectively connected to the decomposition bin, and are used to provide materials and provide moisture and nutrients to the decomposition bin during the material decomposition stage; the tops of the decomposition bin and the composting bin are connected to the waste gas treatment system through an exhaust pipe using negative pressure ventilation, which is used to discharge waste gas during the decomposition and humification treatment processes.

[0008] Preferably, the decomposition bin and the composting bin are both provided with an aeration device and a stirring device;

[0009] The aeration device includes an aeration system, an aeration pipe, a solenoid valve and an aeration port; the aeration pipe outside the decomposition bin and the composting bin is connected to the aeration system through a solenoid valve, and the aeration pipe inside the decomposition bin and the composting bin is provided with a plurality of aeration ports, and the aeration system uses the aeration ports on the aeration pipe to aerate the material in the processing bin;

[0010] The aeration system is provided with an oxygen flow signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin and the composting bin. By controlling the opening ratio and opening cycle of the solenoid valve, the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different processing bins are adjusted to achieve differentiated aeration of multiple bins.

[0011] The stirring device includes a stirring system, a stirring motor and a spiral stirring device; the spiral stirring device located in the decomposition bin and the composting bin uses multiple sets of spiral blades, and the multiple sets of spiral blades are arranged in parallel on the driving shaft. The driving shaft is externally connected to the stirring system, and the driving shaft is driven forward or reversely by the stirring system, thereby driving the spiral blades on the driving shaft to rotate, stirring the material in the processing bin and assisting the entry and exit of the material;

[0012] The stirring device controls and sets the stirring mode and stirring cycle of the decomposition bin and the composting bin to meet the compost turning requirements of different bins.

[0013] Preferably, a spray device is provided on the top of the decomposition bin, and the spray device is connected to the leachate reflux system through a pipeline, and is used to uniformly return the material leachate collected by the leachate reflux system to the decomposition bin through the spray device.

[0014] Preferably, a heating and heat preservation system is provided on the outer walls of the decomposition bin and the composting bin, which is used to heat or keep the materials in the processing bin to a desired temperature, so as to promote the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes an intelligent control system, which is respectively connected to the raw material pretreatment system, feeding system, aeration system, stirring system, heating and insulation system, leachate reflux system, decomposition bin, composting bin and waste gas disposal system, and is used to collect and control various parameters in the two-phase aerobic fermentation process. It controls the raw material pretreatment system and feeding system to achieve pretreatment and automatic addition, and controls the opening ratio and opening cycle of the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the aeration system and stirring system.

[0016] Preferably, the raw material pretreatment system and the feeding system are provided with quality and moisture signal sensors, and the pretreatment of materials and the automatic addition of fermentation materials are preset and controlled by the intelligent control system; the aeration system is provided with an oxygen flow signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin and the composting bin, and the opening ratio and opening cycle of the solenoid valve are preset and controlled by the intelligent control system, and the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different bins are adjusted to achieve differentiated aeration of the decomposition bin and the composting bin; the stirring mode and stirring cycle of the corresponding stirring system in the decomposition bin and the composting bin are preset and set in phase by the intelligent control system to meet the turning requirements of different bins; the heating and insulation system is provided with a temperature signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin and the composting bin, and the temperature of the corresponding heating and insulation system in the decomposition bin or the composting bin is controlled by the intelligent control system; the reflux cycle of the leachate reflux system is preset by the intelligent control system; and the opening and closing of the waste gas treatment system are preset by the intelligent control system.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application method of a two-phase aerobic fermentation device for perishable organic solid waste, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step S1, raw material pretreatment: remove large inorganic impurities from the collected perishable organic solid waste, remove oil and control water to obtain fermentation raw material A, and control its water content to be less than 80%, and its oil content to be less than 10%; crush the collected agricultural and forestry waste to obtain fermentation auxiliary material B, and control its particle size to be no more than 2 cm;

[0019] Step S2, raw material metering feeding: raw material A, auxiliary material B and bacterial agent C stored in the feeding system are transported to the decomposition bin according to a certain proportion and stirred and mixed to obtain a fermentation matrix D, wherein the weight of raw material A is controlled to be 80-90 parts, the weight of auxiliary material B is 10-20 parts, and the weight of bacterial agent C is 1-5 parts;

[0020] Step S3, high temperature aerobic decomposition: The fermentation substrate D obtained in step S2 is subjected to high temperature aerobic decomposition in a decomposition chamber, and the temperature in the decomposition chamber is controlled at 45-80°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.05-0.2 m 3 / min·m 3 , moisture content 40% to 60%, intermittent aeration cycle 1h, stirring speed 20 to 30 rpm, stirring system running for 5min every 20min, material residence time 12 to 48h, leachate reflux system running after 20min of feeding into the decomposition bin, and humus precursor E is obtained after high temperature decomposition;

[0021] Step S4, medium-low temperature post-compostion: The humus precursor E obtained in step S3 is transported to a composting bin via a conveyor belt for subsequent medium-low temperature composting, and the temperature in the composting bin is controlled at 15-45°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.05-0.15m 3 / min·m 3 The stirring system is turned over once every 2 to 3 days, the material residence time is 14 to 19 days, the moisture content is 40% to 30%, and the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F is obtained after medium and low temperature composting;

[0022] Step S5, waste gas collection and treatment: the waste gas in the decomposition bin and the composting bin is collected and centrally treated every day, and discharged after meeting the standards;

[0023] Step S6, product discharge quality control: perform quality analysis on the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F, control the organic matter content to be not less than 30%, the moisture content to be less than 30%, the pH to be 5.5-8.5, the seed germination rate to be not less than 70%, the coliform group value to be not higher than 100 / g, the total arsenic to be not higher than 15 mg / kg, and the total mercury to be not higher than 2 mg / kg.

[0024] Preferably, the decomposition bin and the composting bin are connected by a material conveyor belt to realize continuous multi-stage feeding. When the device reaches a stable state, 20% to 50% of aerobic fermentation products F are discharged from the composting bin every 48 hours, 20% to 50% of humus precursors E are discharged from the decomposition bin and transported to the composting bin, and 20% to 50% of the mixture of raw material A and auxiliary material B are transported to the decomposition bin from the feeding system, without the need to inoculate exogenous bacterial agents.

[0025] Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate D is 20-50:1; and the auxiliary material B is agricultural and forestry waste.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The present invention is different from the traditional mixed bacteria aerobic fermentation method. It constructs a two-phase aerobic fermentation system with the high temperature period of the typical aerobic fermentation temperature curve as the boundary, and optimizes the system micro-environment in phases according to the metabolic characteristics of functional bacteria, thereby realizing the phase regulation of aerobic microbial decomposition metabolism and anabolism. It can not only provide a favorable growth and metabolic environment for the functional bacteria responsible for organic matter decomposition and humus synthesis, but also improve the retention of different functional bacteria in the two-phase aerobic fermentation system.

[0028] (2) When treating complex multi-media, multi-component, and high-water-content materials such as urban perishable organic solid waste (kitchen waste, restaurant waste, and sludge), the device of the present invention can realize intensive operation of processes such as material pretreatment, aerobic fermentation, and leachate and waste gas collection and treatment. At the same time, the device supports continuous flow operation of aerobic fermentation, thereby improving equipment utilization and reducing the land demand for engineering applications.

[0029] (3) The development of the device and its application method of the present invention can effectively shorten the traditional aerobic fermentation process, improve the efficiency of organic matter conversion, enhance the fertilizer efficiency of products, and achieve rapid and high-quality reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of urban perishable organic solid waste.

[0030] In summary, the present invention divides the composting system into two phases based on the high temperature period of the typical aerobic fermentation temperature curve: the temperature rise period and the high temperature period are classified as the decomposition and metabolism phase of aerobic fermentation, and the temperature drop period is classified as the anabolic and metabolism phase of aerobic fermentation, thereby effectively realizing the clear partitioning of the functional microorganisms of the aerobic fermentation system. The present invention can realize the phase-by-phase regulation of the micro-domain environment of the aerobic fermentation system to strengthen the decomposition and anabolism of the functional microorganisms, and use humus precursors as decomposition and anabolism intermediates to strengthen the decomposition and conversion of initial organic matter (such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, lignocellulose, etc.) to humus precursors (such as phenols, quinones, amino acids, etc.) in the decomposition and metabolism phase; strengthen the polymerization and conversion of humus precursors to humus in the anabolic and metabolism phase, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of aerobic biological transformation.

[0031] The present invention divides the aerobic fermentation system into a decomposition metabolic phase and anabolic metabolic phase based on the high temperature period of the typical aerobic fermentation temperature change curve, and strengthens the decomposition and synthesis metabolism of aerobic microorganisms by regulating the two-phase micro-environment by phase separation, which not only effectively improves the efficiency of aerobic biological treatment, but also facilitates the retention of different functional bacteria in the system. The present invention can solve the bottleneck problems of traditional aerobic fermentation, such as large land occupation, long cycle, low fertilizer efficiency, and low functional bacteria stock, and realize the safe and efficient resource conversion of perishable organic solid waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 The present invention is a process flow chart of a two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste.

[0034] The serial numbers in the figure are as follows:

[0035] 1. Raw material pretreatment system; 101. Oil-water separator; 102. Crusher; 2. Feeding system; 201. Raw material storage bin; 202. Auxiliary material storage bin; 203. Bacterial agent storage bin; 3. Aeration system; 301. Aeration pipeline; 302. Solenoid valve; 303. Aeration port; 4. Stirring system; 401. Stirring motor; 402. Spiral stirring equipment; 5. Heating and insulation system; 6. Leachate reflux system; 601. Spraying device; 7. Decomposition bin; 8. Composting bin; 9. Waste gas disposal system; 901. Exhaust pipe; 10. Intelligent control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste is provided in this embodiment, which is used to treat the two-phase aerobic fermentation process, including a raw material pretreatment system 1, a feeding system 2, an aeration system 3, a stirring system 4, a leachate reflux system 6, a processing bin, a waste gas disposal system 9 and an intelligent control system 10.

[0039] The raw material pretreatment system 1 is connected with the feeding system 2; the feeding system 2 and the leachate reflux system 6 are respectively connected with the decomposition bin 7; the outlet of the decomposition bin 7 is connected with the composting bin 8; the aeration system 3, the stirring system 4 and the heating and heat preservation system 5 are respectively connected with the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8; the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 are respectively connected with the waste gas treatment system 9; the two-phase aerobic fermentation device is equipped with a PLC intelligent control system 10, which is respectively connected with the raw material pretreatment system 1, the feeding system 2, the aeration system 3, the stirring system 4, the heating and heat preservation system 5, the leachate reflux system 6, the decomposition bin 7, the composting bin 8 and the waste gas treatment system 9.

[0040] The raw material pretreatment system 1 includes an oil-water separator 101 and a crusher 102. The oil-water separator 101 and the crusher 102 ensure that the water content, oil content and particle size of the raw material are within a suitable range, and the fermentation material can be deoiled, dehydrated and ground. The oil-water separator 101 is provided with a moisture signal sensor, and the degree of oil-water separation of the material can be controlled by an intelligent control system; the material crusher 102 is provided with a speed regulating motor and a spiral blade, and the degree of material crushing can be controlled by an intelligent control system; the oil-water separator 101 is connected to the leachate reflux system to store the excess water filtered out of the material.

[0041] The raw material pretreatment system 1 is connected to the feeding system 2 through a material conveyor belt. The feeding system 2 includes a raw material storage bin 201, an auxiliary material storage bin 202, and a microbial agent storage bin 203. The materials processed by the raw material pretreatment system are transported to each material storage bin through a conveyor belt. The bottom of the raw material storage bin 201 is provided with an extremely fine sieve plate, which can drain the excess water in the raw material and collect it into the leachate reflux system. The raw material storage bin 201, the auxiliary material storage bin 202, and the microbial agent storage bin 203 are all provided with quality and moisture signal sensors, and the whole process of automatic quantitative feeding can be completed through an intelligent control system.

[0042] The raw material storage bin 201 of the feed system 2 and the oil-water separator 101 of the raw material pretreatment system 1 are respectively connected to the leachate reflux system 6. The raw material storage bin 201 of the feed system 2 is provided with an extremely fine pore sieve plate, which can drain the excess water in the raw material and collect it into the leachate reflux system 6, and the oil-water separator 101 can collect the water in the raw material into the leachate reflux system 6.

[0043] The processing bin body includes a decomposition bin 7 and a composting bin 8. The decomposition bin 7 is used to decompose the material, and the composting bin 8 is used to further humify the material. The decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 are connected by a material conveyor belt to achieve continuous processing.

[0044] The decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 are similar in structure, and both are connected with an aeration device and a stirring device.

[0045] The decomposition bin 7 is an integrated double-layer jacketed closed degradation and fermentation bin, which can realize degradation and fermentation, regular turning, water replenishment and temperature control integration, including a heating and insulation jacket layer, a feed port, a discharge port, a leachate reflux spray device, a spiral stirring device, an aeration port, an exhaust pipe, a quality and moisture signal sensor, an oxygen flow signal sensor, etc. The micro-domain environmental parameters in the bin can be regulated by an intelligent control system to provide suitable growth conditions for the functional bacteria responsible for decomposition and metabolism, so that the initial organic matter can be quickly decomposed into humus intermediates, thereby realizing high-temperature aerobic decomposition of perishable organic solid waste.

[0046] The composting bin 8 is identical to the decomposition bin 7 except that the leachate reflux spray device is not provided. A material conveyor belt is provided between the decomposition bin and the decomposition bin to transport the products in the decomposition bin to the composting bin for further composting. The micro-environmental parameters in the bin can be regulated by an intelligent control system to provide suitable growth conditions for the functional bacteria responsible for anabolism, so that the humus intermediates can be further polymerized into humus-like substances, thereby achieving medium and low temperature post-composting of perishable organic solid waste.

[0047] The aeration device includes an aeration system 3, an aeration pipe 301, a solenoid valve 302 and an aeration port 303. A plurality of aeration ports 303 are provided on the aeration pipe 301 located in the decomposition bin 7 and the decomposition bin 8, and the solenoid valves 302 are respectively arranged at the aeration pipe ports of the decomposition bin 7 and the decomposition bin 8 through the aeration system 3 located outside the decomposition bin 7 and the decomposition bin 8; the aeration system 3 uses the aeration ports 303 on the aeration pipe 301 to aerate the material in the processing bin.

[0048] The aeration system 3 is provided with an oxygen flow signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8. The opening ratio and opening cycle of the solenoid valve can be controlled by the intelligent control system, and the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different bins can be adjusted to achieve differentiated aeration of multiple bins.

[0049] The stirring device includes a stirring system 4, a stirring motor 401 and a spiral stirring device 402. The spiral stirring device 402 uses multiple sets of spiral blades, which are arranged in parallel on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is externally connected to the stirring system 4. The stirring system 4 drives the drive shaft forward or reversely, thereby driving the spiral blades on the drive shaft to rotate, stirring the materials in the processing bin and assisting the entry and exit of the materials. The stirring device can control the stirring mode and stirring cycle of the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 respectively through an intelligent control system to meet the turning requirements of different bins, and can also control the forward and reverse rotation of the spiral blades to assist the entry and exit of the materials.

[0050] The feeding system 2 and the leachate reflux system 6 are respectively connected to the decomposition bin 7. The leachate reflux system 6 can return the raw material leachate collected in the oil-water separator in the raw material pretreatment system and the raw material storage bin of the feeding system to the decomposition bin 7 through a spray device, replenish water and nutrients during the material decomposition stage, and the reflux cycle can be set through the intelligent control system.

[0051] Furthermore, in order to evenly provide moisture and nutrients to the decomposition bin 7 during the decomposition stage, a spray device 601 is provided on the top of the decomposition bin 7 in this embodiment. The spray device 601 is connected to the leachate reflux system 6 through a pipeline, and is used to evenly return the material leachate collected by the leachate reflux system 6 to the decomposition bin 7 through the spray device 601.

[0052] The tops of the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 are connected to the waste gas treatment system 9 through the exhaust pipe 901 using negative pressure ventilation, and the waste gas discharged from the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 is chemically washed to remove odor and meet emission standards.

[0053] Furthermore, in order to promote the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, in this embodiment, a heating and insulation system 5 is provided on the outer walls of the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8, which is used to heat or insulate the materials in the processing bin to the required temperature, thereby promoting the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

[0054] The intelligent control system 10 is respectively connected to the raw material pretreatment system 1, the feeding system 2, the aeration system 3, the stirring system 4, the heating and heat preservation system 5, the leachate reflux system 6, the decomposition bin 7, the composting bin 8 and the waste gas treatment system 9, and is used to collect and control the parameters such as the moisture, temperature, quality, oxygen flow, stirring mode and cycle, and leachate reflux cycle in each system during the operation of the two-phase aerobic fermentation device, so as to realize the full-process automatic operation of the system and reduce the operation and maintenance costs. Control the raw material pretreatment system 1 and the feeding system 2 to realize pretreatment and automatic addition, and control the opening ratio and opening cycle of the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the aeration system 3 and the stirring system 4.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, quality and moisture signal sensors are provided in the raw material pretreatment system 1 and the feeding system 2, and the pretreatment of the materials and the automatic addition of the fermentation materials are preset and controlled by the intelligent control system 10.

[0056] An oxygen flow signal sensor is provided in the aeration system 3 and is connected to the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8. The opening ratio and opening cycle of the solenoid valve are preset by the intelligent control system 10 to adjust the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different bins, thereby realizing differentiated aeration of the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8.

[0057] The intelligent control system 10 presets the stirring modes and stirring cycles of the stirring systems 4 corresponding to the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 in phase settings to meet the compost turning requirements of different bins.

[0058] The heating and heat preservation system 5 is provided with a temperature signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin 7 and the composting bin 8 . The temperature of the corresponding heating and heat preservation system 5 in the decomposition bin 7 or the composting bin 8 is controlled by the intelligent control system 10 .

[0059] The reflux cycle of the leachate reflux system 6 is preset through the intelligent control system 10 ; the on and off of the waste gas treatment system 9 is preset through the intelligent control system 10 .

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an application method of a two-phase aerobic fermentation device for perishable organic solid waste according to the above device, and the steps are as follows:

[0061] Step S1, raw material pretreatment: remove larger inorganic impurities in the collected perishable organic solid waste, control the oil-water separator through PLC to remove oil and control water of the raw material, control its water content to be lower than 80%, and its oil content to be lower than 10%, and crush it through a material crusher to obtain fermentation raw material A; use agricultural and forestry waste as fermentation auxiliary material, control the material crusher through PLC to crush it to a particle size of no more than 2 cm, and obtain fermentation auxiliary material B; microbial agent C can use EM bacteria, including yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, bacillus, pseudomonas, etc.; after the raw material pretreatment is completed, it is transported to the raw material storage warehouse, auxiliary material storage warehouse and microbial agent storage warehouse respectively through PLC control;

[0062] Step S2, raw material metering feeding: raw material A, auxiliary material B and bacterial agent C stored in the feeding system are transported to the decomposition bin according to a certain proportion and stirred and mixed to obtain a fermentation matrix D, and the weight of raw material A is controlled to be 80-90 parts, the weight of auxiliary material B is 10-20 parts, and the weight of bacterial agent C is 1-5 parts; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation matrix D is 20-50:1;

[0063] Step S3, high temperature aerobic decomposition: The fermentation substrate D obtained in step S2 is subjected to high temperature aerobic decomposition in a decomposition chamber, and the temperature in the decomposition chamber is controlled at 45-80°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.05-0.2 m 3 / min·m 3 , moisture content 40% to 60%, intermittent aeration cycle 1h, stirring speed 20 to 30 rpm, stirring system running for 5min every 20min, material residence time 12 to 48h, leachate reflux system running after 20min of feeding into the decomposition bin, and humus precursor E is obtained after high temperature decomposition;

[0064] Step S4, medium-low temperature post-compostion: The humus precursor E obtained in step S3 is transported to a composting bin via a conveyor belt for subsequent medium-low temperature composting, and the temperature in the composting bin is controlled at 15-45°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.05-0.15m 3 / min·m 3 The stirring system is turned over once every 2 to 3 days, the material residence time is 14 to 19 days, the moisture content is 40% to 30%, and the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F is obtained after medium and low temperature composting;

[0065] Step S5, waste gas collection and treatment: waste gas in the decomposition bin and the composting bin is collected and centrally treated every day, and the waste gas is discharged after the odor is removed through chemical washing and reaches the emission standard;

[0066] Step S6, product discharge quality control: The two-phase aerobic fermentation product F is subjected to quality analysis to control the organic matter content to be not less than 30%, the moisture content to be less than 30%, the pH to be 5.5-8.5, the seed germination rate to be not less than 70%, the coliform group value to be not higher than 100 / g, the total arsenic to be not higher than 15 mg / kg, and the total mercury to be not higher than 2 mg / kg.

[0067] Furthermore, when the device enters a stable operation state, 20% to 50% of the aerobic fermentation product F is discharged from the composting bin every 12 to 48 hours, 20% to 50% of the humus precursor E is discharged from the decomposition bin and transported to the composting bin, 20% to 50% of the mixture of raw material A and auxiliary material B is transported to the decomposition bin from the feeding system, and the bacterial agent is no longer inoculated.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] This embodiment utilizes the device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste and its application method in Example 1 to carry out resource treatment of kitchen waste (including restaurant kitchen waste).

[0070] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0071] S1. The fermentation raw materials are kitchen waste (including restaurant kitchen waste) collected from the canteen, bones and other inorganic impurities are removed, the moisture content is controlled to about 60%, and the particles are crushed to control the particle size to 2cm to 5cm;

[0072] S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation substrate D is 25:1;

[0073] S3. The temperature of the heating and heat preservation device outside the decomposition bin is set according to the temperature of the material in the bin, which mainly plays a role of heat preservation. Its maximum temperature is 70-80℃, and the oxygen flow rate is 0.2m 3 / min·m 3 The material residence time is 48 hours. After the moisture content is controlled at about 50% in the first 24 hours, the leachate reflux spraying device will not be started.

[0074] S4. Control the temperature in the composting bin at 40°C and the oxygen flow rate at 0.05m 3 / min·m 3 The material residence time is 18 days. The mixing system turns the pile every 2 days in the first 10 days and every 3 days in the later period.

[0075] S6. The quality analysis of the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F of kitchen waste was conducted. The organic matter content was about 40%, the moisture content was about 26%, the pH was about 8, the seed germination rate was about 90%, no Escherichia coli was detected, the total arsenic was about 3.315 mg / kg, and the total mercury was about 0.05 mg / kg.

[0076] When the device enters a stable operation state, 20% of the aerobic fermentation product F is discharged from the composting bin every 48 hours, 20% of the humus precursor E is discharged from the decomposition bin and transported to the composting bin, 20% of the mixture of raw material A and auxiliary material B is transported to the decomposition bin from the feeding system, and no more bacterial agent is inoculated.

[0077] Embodiment 3:

[0078] This embodiment utilizes the device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste and its application method in Example 1 to carry out resource treatment of dewatered sludge from a sewage treatment plant.

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that:

[0080] At this time, the two-phase aerobic fermentation device has entered a stable operating state;

[0081] S1. The fermentation raw material is dehydrated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, and the larger inorganic impurities are removed to control the moisture content to about 65%. The two-phase aerobic fermentation product F of kitchen waste in Example 2 is used as an auxiliary material; the particle size of the mixture of the raw material and the auxiliary material is not greater than 2 cm;

[0082] S2. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate D is 20:1; the feed weight of the fermentation substrate D is 20% of the material in the decomposition bin; the feed cycle is every 48 hours;

[0083] S3: Every 48 hours, 20% of the humus precursor E in the decomposition bin is transferred to the mature bin. The maximum temperature in the decomposition bin is 55-65°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.15m 3 / min·m 3 ;

[0084] S4. Every 48 hours, 20% of the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F in the mature bin is subjected to discharge quality control;

[0085] S6. The organic matter content of the sludge two-phase aerobic fermentation product F is about 30%.

[0086] This embodiment divides the aerobic fermentation system into a decomposition metabolic phase and anabolic metabolic phase based on the high temperature period of the typical aerobic fermentation temperature change curve. By regulating the two-phase micro-environment, the decomposition and synthesis metabolism of aerobic microorganisms are strengthened, which not only effectively improves the efficiency of aerobic biological treatment, but also facilitates the retention of different functional bacteria in the system. The present invention can solve the bottleneck problems of traditional aerobic fermentation, such as large land occupation, long cycle, low fertilizer efficiency, and low functional bacteria species, and realize the safe and efficient resource conversion of perishable organic solid waste.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0088] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-phase aerobic fermentation device for perishable organic solid waste, used to process a two-phase aerobic fermentation process, characterized in that: It includes a raw material pretreatment system (1), a feeding system (2), an aeration system (3), a stirring system (4), a leachate reflux system (6), a treatment silo and a waste gas disposal system (9); The raw material pretreatment system (1) is used to perform deoiling, dehydration and pulverization treatments on different raw materials respectively; The raw material pretreatment system (1) is connected to the feeding system (2) via a material conveyor belt, and is used to deliver the material pretreated by the raw material pretreatment system (1) to the feeding system (2) for material storage; The feed system (2) and the raw material pretreatment system (1) are respectively connected to the leachate reflux system (6) for collecting leachate generated by the material; The processing bin body comprises a decomposition bin (7) and a composting bin (8), wherein the decomposition bin (7) is used to decompose the material, and the composting bin (8) is used to further humify the material, and the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are connected via a material conveyor belt; The feed system (2) and the leachate reflux system (6) are respectively connected to the decomposition bin (7) for providing materials and providing moisture and nutrients to the decomposition bin (7) during the material decomposition stage; The tops of the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are connected to the waste gas treatment system (9) via an exhaust pipe (901) using negative pressure ventilation to discharge waste gas generated during the decomposition and humification processes.

2. The device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are both provided with an aeration device and a stirring device; The aeration device comprises an aeration system (3), an aeration pipe (301), a solenoid valve (302) and an aeration port (303); the aeration pipe (301) located outside the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) is connected to the aeration system (3) via the solenoid valve (302); the aeration pipe (301) located inside the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) is provided with a plurality of aeration ports (303); and the aeration system (3) uses the aeration ports (303) on the aeration pipe (301) to perform aeration treatment on the material in the processing bin; The aeration system (3) is provided with an oxygen flow rate signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8). By controlling the opening ratio and opening cycle of the electromagnetic valve (302), the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different processing bins are adjusted to achieve differentiated aeration of multiple bins. The stirring device comprises a stirring system (4), a stirring motor (401) and a spiral stirring device (402); The spiral stirring device (402) located in the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) uses a plurality of sets of spiral blades, and the plurality of sets of spiral blades are arranged in parallel on a driving shaft. The driving shaft is externally connected to a stirring system (4), and the stirring system (4) drives the driving shaft forward or reversely, thereby driving the spiral blades on the driving shaft to rotate, stirring the material in the processing bin and assisting the entry and exit of the material. The stirring device controls and sets the stirring mode and stirring cycle of the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) to meet the compost turning requirements of different bins.

3. The device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spray device (601) is provided on the top of the decomposition bin (7), and the spray device (601) is connected to the leachate reflux system (6) through a pipeline, and is used to uniformly return the material leachate collected by the leachate reflux system (6) to the decomposition bin (7) through the spray device (601).

4. The device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are both provided with a heating and heat preservation system (5) for heating or heat preservation of the materials in the processing bin to a desired temperature, thereby promoting the growth and metabolism of microorganisms.

5. The device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system also includes an intelligent control system (10), which is respectively connected to the raw material pretreatment system (1), the feeding system (2), the aeration system (3), the stirring system (4), the heating and heat preservation system (5), the leachate reflux system (6), the decomposition bin (7), the composting bin (8) and the waste gas disposal system (9), and is used to collect and control various parameters in the two-phase aerobic fermentation process; control the raw material pretreatment system (1) and the feeding system (2) to achieve pretreatment and automatic addition, and control the opening ratio and opening cycle of the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the aeration system (3) and the stirring system (4); Controlling the operation of the heating and heat preservation system (5), the leachate reflux system (6), the decomposition bin (7), the composting bin (8) and the waste gas treatment system (9).

6. The device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The raw material pretreatment system (1) and the feeding system (2) are provided with quality and moisture signal sensors, and the pretreatment of the materials and the automatic addition of the fermentation materials are preset and controlled by the intelligent control system (10); The aeration system (3) is provided with an oxygen flow rate signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8). The opening ratio and opening cycle of the electromagnetic valve are preset and controlled by the intelligent control system (10), and the aeration volume and aeration cycle in different bins are adjusted to achieve differentiated aeration of the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8); The stirring modes and stirring cycles of the stirring system (4) corresponding to the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are preset in phases by the intelligent control system (10) to meet the compost turning requirements of different bins; The heating and heat preservation system (5) is provided with a temperature signal sensor and is connected to the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8), and the temperature of the corresponding heating and heat preservation system (5) in the decomposition bin (7) or the composting bin (8) is controlled by an intelligent control system (10); The reflux cycle of the leachate reflux system (6) is preset through the intelligent control system (10); and the on / off of the waste gas treatment system (9) is preset through the intelligent control system (10).

7. An application method of the device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, raw material pretreatment: remove large inorganic impurities from the collected perishable organic solid waste, remove oil and control water to obtain fermentation raw material A, and control its water content to be less than 80%, and its oil content to be less than 10%; crush the collected agricultural and forestry waste to obtain fermentation auxiliary material B, and control its particle size to be no more than 2 cm; Step S2, raw material metering feeding: raw material A, auxiliary material B and bacterial agent C stored in the feeding system are transported to the decomposition bin (7) according to a certain ratio and stirred and mixed to obtain a fermentation matrix D, wherein the weight of raw material A is controlled to be 80-90 parts, the weight of auxiliary material B is controlled to be 10-20 parts, and the weight of bacterial agent C is controlled to be 1-5 parts; Step S3, high temperature aerobic decomposition: The fermentation substrate D obtained in step S2 is subjected to high temperature aerobic decomposition in a decomposition chamber (7), and the temperature in the decomposition chamber (7) is controlled at 45 to 80°C and the oxygen flow rate is 0.05 to 0.2 m 3 / min·m 3 , moisture content 40% to 60%, intermittent aeration cycle 1h, stirring speed 20 to 30 rpm, stirring system running for 5min every 20min, material residence time 12 to 48h, leachate reflux system running after 20min of feeding into the decomposition bin, and humus precursor E is obtained after high temperature decomposition; Step S4, medium-low temperature post-compostion: The humus precursor E obtained in step S3 is transported to a composting bin (8) via a conveyor belt for subsequent medium-low temperature composting. The temperature in the composting bin (8) is controlled at 15-45°C and the oxygen flow rate is controlled at 0.05-0.15 m 3 / min·m 3 The stirring system is turned over once every 2 to 3 days, the material residence time is 14 to 19 days, the moisture content is 40% to 30%, and the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F is obtained after medium and low temperature composting; Step S5, waste gas collection and treatment: the waste gas in the decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) is collected and centrally treated every day, and discharged after meeting the standards; Step S6, product discharge quality control: perform quality analysis on the two-phase aerobic fermentation product F, control the organic matter content to be not less than 30%, the moisture content to be less than 30%, the pH to be 5.5-8.5, the seed germination rate to be not less than 70%, the coliform group value to be not higher than 100 / g, the total arsenic to be not higher than 15 mg / kg, and the total mercury to be not higher than 2 mg / kg.

8. The application method of the device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The decomposition bin (7) and the composting bin (8) are connected via a material conveyor belt to realize continuous multi-stage feeding. When the device reaches a stable state, 20% to 50% of aerobic fermentation products F are discharged from the composting bin (8) every 12 to 48 hours, 20% to 50% of humus precursors E are discharged from the decomposition bin (7) and transported to the composting bin (8), and 20% to 50% of the mixture of raw material A and auxiliary material B are transported to the decomposition bin (7) from the feeding system, without the need to inoculate exogenous bacterial agents.

9. The application method of the device for two-phase aerobic fermentation of perishable organic solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation matrix D is 20-50:1; the auxiliary material B is agricultural and forestry waste.

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