Cutting insert and cutting tool

Abstract

The application discloses a cutting blade and belongs to the technical field of cutting tools. Two front chip-wrapping arm surfaces in two chip-removing arms form V-shaped chip-wrapping structures, two rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces also form V-shaped chip-wrapping structures, and the included angle of the V-shaped chip-wrapping groove structure formed by the two front chip-wrapping arm surfaces is larger than the included angle of the V-shaped chip-wrapping groove structure formed by the two rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces. Thus, the two-section chip-wrapping arm surface mutation angle design forms a protruding transition surface between the front chip-wrapping arm surface and the rear chip-wrapping arm surface. Due to the angle mutation of the front and rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces, a larger shear stress is generated when the chip passes through the structure, the chip is more easily broken, the same effect as the chip-breaking point in the general chip groove structure is achieved, the adverse phenomenon of excessive occupation of the chip space by the chip-breaking point design is avoided, a larger chip space is beneficially obtained, and thus the chip-wrapping and chip-accepting of the blade during medium-high feed or inner hole chip groove machining are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cutting tools, and in particular to a cutting insert and a cutting tool. Background Art

[0002] Cutting inserts are typically used for machining workpieces made of metal or similar materials, primarily for grooving and turning operations. Currently, indexable inserts are widely used for grooving and turning parts in industries such as aviation, general machinery, automotive, and small parts. Faced with diverse and complex operating conditions, and driven by the industry's ever-increasing demands for workpiece surface quality, precision, and efficiency, cutting inserts place even higher demands on cutting edge design.

[0003] At present, for such dual-purpose grooving and turning inserts, the chip grooves of the grooving part are often designed with built-in convex points. Although this design can enhance the chip breaking ability of the insert during low and medium feed processing, the chips are not easily discharged during medium and high feed grooving and internal hole grooving processing, which requires the insert to have excellent chip holding function. The convex point design occupies the chip groove structure, which is not conducive to such processing conditions. In addition, the side turning structure of the current dual-purpose grooving and turning inserts is often just a section of side straight edge with a section of rake face. When facing different turning cutting depth environments, its chip breaking and chip curling performance generally leads to low workpiece processing quality and cannot well meet the needs of various turning processing conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a cutting insert and a cutting tool. This invention can solve the problem of low workpiece processing quality of cutting tools in the prior art under complex working conditions. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In one aspect, a cutting insert is provided, comprising:

[0006] a main body portion, and a cutting portion fixedly connected to an end portion of the main body portion, wherein the cutting portion and the main body portion are arranged along a first direction;

[0007] The cutting portion has an upper surface and a bottom surface arranged along a second direction, and a flank surface connecting the upper surface and the bottom surface, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;

[0008] The upper surface of the cutting portion comprises: a rake face, and two anti-chip arms extending along the first direction, wherein the intersection of the rake face and the flank face forms a main cutting edge; the two anti-chip arms are arranged opposite to each other along the extension direction of the main cutting edge, and the first ends of the two anti-chip arms extend to the main cutting edge, the second ends of the two anti-chip arms are connected, and the two anti-chip arms and the rake face are used to enclose a chip groove;

[0009] In which, one side of each chip anti-chip arm facing the chip groove has a front chip arm surface, a transition raised arc surface and a rear chip arm surface which are connected and arranged along the extension direction of the chip anti-chip arm. The first angle of the two front chip arm surfaces of the two chip anti-chip arms in the first target plane is greater than the second angle of the two rear chip arm surfaces of the two chip anti-chip arms in the first target plane. The first target plane is a plane perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the second direction.

[0010] Optionally, the difference between the first angle and the second angle is greater than or equal to 15 degrees.

[0011] Optionally, the top of each anti-chip arm has a front chip curling arm surface and a rear chip curling arm surface connected and arranged along the extension direction of the anti-chip arm, and the two sides of the front chip curling arm surface are smoothly connected to the front chip curling arm surface, the rear chip curling arm surface, and the bottom surface of the chip groove; the two sides of the rear chip curling arm surface are smoothly connected to the rear chip curling arm surface and the bottom surface of the chip groove;

[0012] Among them, one side of the front chip arm surface is connected to the main cutting edge, the side of the front chip arm surface away from the chip groove is a straight edge, and the width of the front chip arm surface gradually decreases and then gradually increases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body; the rear chip arm surface is a circular arc convex surface and is tangent to the front chip arm surface.

[0013] Optionally, the front chip arm surface is inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge and away from the bottom surface, and the rake surface is inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge and toward the bottom surface;

[0014] Among them, the third angle between the front chip arm surface and the second target plane is a negative rake angle; the fourth angle between the front cutting edge and the second target plane is a positive rake angle, and the second target plane is a plane passing through the main cutting edge and parallel to the first direction.

[0015] Optionally, the cutting portion further has two side relief surfaces arranged along a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction;

[0016] The upper surface of the cutting portion further comprises: a turning chip breaker arm fixedly connected to a side of the anti-chip arm away from the chip groove, and a turning rake face distributed on a side of the turning chip breaker arm away from the chip groove, wherein a side cutting edge is formed at the intersection of the turning rake face and the side flank face, and the turning rake face is smoothly connected to the chip breaking surface of the turning chip breaker arm;

[0017] Wherein, the angle between the chip breaking surface of the turning chip breaker arm and the turning rake face is an obtuse angle.

[0018] Optionally, the turning chip breaking arm comprises: a front turning chip breaking part, a central turning chip breaking part and a rear turning chip breaking part arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the turning chip breaking arm, the front turning chip breaking part being connected with the main cutting edge; and the turning rake face comprises: a first sub turning rake face corresponding to the front turning chip breaking part, a second sub turning rake face corresponding to the central turning chip breaking part, and a third sub turning rake face corresponding to the rear turning chip breaking part.

[0019] wherein the width of the first sub turning rake face gradually decreases along the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body part; the width of the second sub turning rake face gradually increases first and then gradually decreases along the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body part; and the width of the third sub turning rake face gradually increases along the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body part.

[0020] Optionally, the width of the rake face along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W1, the width of the connecting section between the front chip breaker surface and the main cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W2, and the length between the side of the front chip breaker surface away from the chip pocket and the side cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W3; the length of the front turning chip breaking part along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L2, the length of the central turning chip breaking part along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L3, and the length of the rear turning chip breaking part along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L4.

[0021] wherein optionally recommended values are 1.25W3≤L2≤2.5W3, 0.75(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2≤L3≤1.25(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2, and 0.75L2≤L4≤2.50L2.

[0022] Optionally, the length of the rake face along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W1, the width of the connecting section between the front chip breaker surface and the main cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W2, and the length between the side of the front chip breaker surface away from the chip pocket and the side cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W3; wherein,

[0023] 0.3(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W1≤0.8(W1+2W2+2W3),

[0024] 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W2≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3),

[0025] 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W3≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3).

[0026] Optionally, the upper surface of the cutting portion further has a coolant guide groove located on the side of the chip groove away from the main cutting edge, and the coolant guide groove is connected to the chip groove.

[0027] In another aspect, a cutting tool is provided, comprising:

[0028] A cutter body and a cutting insert, wherein the cutting insert is mounted on the cutter body, and the cutting insert is any one of the cutting inserts given above.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application include at least:

[0030] A cutting insert may include: a main body, and a cutting portion fixedly connected to the end of the main body. The two front chip wrapping arm surfaces of the two anti-chip arms form a "V"-shaped chip wrapping structure, and the two rear chip wrapping arm surfaces of the two anti-chip arms also form a "V"-shaped chip wrapping structure. The angle of the V-shaped chip wrapping groove structure formed by the two front chip wrapping arm surfaces is greater than the angle of the V-shaped chip wrapping groove structure formed by the two rear chip wrapping arm surfaces. Thus, the aforementioned two-stage chip wrapping arm surface sudden inclination design forms a protruding connecting surface (i.e., a transition convex arc surface) between the front chip wrapping arm surface and the rear chip wrapping arm surface. Due to the sudden change in the angle between the front and rear chip wrapping arm surfaces, the transition convex arc surface generates greater shear stress when the chips pass through this structure, making the chips easier to break. This serves the same purpose as the chip breaking point in a general grooving structure, but avoids the undesirable phenomenon of the chip breaking point design excessively occupying the chip groove space, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a larger chip groove space, thereby facilitating chip wrapping and chip storage when the insert is performing medium-to-high feed or internal hole grooving processing. In addition, the two-stage chip wrapping arm surface design can make smaller chips be subjected to shear stress at the transition convex arc surface when moving from the main cutting edge to the rear end in the chip groove, thereby better chip breaking. For larger and more rigid chips generated under working conditions such as medium and high feed, after the transition convex arc surface, the space between the chip wrapping arms on both sides is reduced, so that the chips are subjected to a greater force to be squeezed and wrapped toward the middle part, thereby having excellent chip wrapping performance for large chips, avoiding large chips from affecting the surface quality of the processed workpiece, and thus ensuring that the cutting tool integrated with the cutting insert has good processing quality of the workpiece.

[0031] In addition, the widths of the different sub-turning front cutting surfaces extending along the first direction of the turning structure on both sides of the cutting blade are not fixed values, wherein the width of the first sub-turning front cutting surface gradually decreases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body. Such a design allows the chips to move along the first sub-turning front cutting surface toward the front turning chip breaking portion under turning processing conditions with lower cutting depths (such as when the cutting depth is less than the length L2). The chips away from the main cutting edge position first contact the front turning chip breaker arm, and then the chips close to the main cutting edge position gradually contact the front turning chip breaker arm. Through this structural design, stable C-shaped chips can be formed during turning processing with lower cutting depths, which helps to break and discharge the chips and improve the surface quality of the workpiece processing. Furthermore, the width of the second sub-turning rake face first increases and then decreases as it moves away from the main cutting edge and toward the main body. This design allows the front and center turning chip breaker sections to operate simultaneously when the turning depth of cut is between lengths L2 and (L2+L3), forming two C-shaped chips that curl in opposite directions. This facilitates the breaking and discharge of larger chips compared to a straight-edge chip arm design, preventing them from scratching the workpiece surface and improving surface finish. The width of the third sub-turning rake face corresponding to the rear turning chip breaker section increases from a small width to a large width, allowing large chips formed during deep-cut turning operations to be diverted to the rear for discharge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting blade provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of the cutting portion shown in FIG;

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional view at A-A';

[0036] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at BB';

[0037] Figure 5 This is a projection view of the back face of a cutting portion provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 is a top view of another cutting portion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of another cutting blade provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a projection view of the side flank surface near the main cutting edge of a cutting portion provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Cross-sectional view at C-C';

[0042] Figure 10 This is another embodiment provided by the present application Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at BB';

[0043] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A local enlarged schematic diagram at D;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural diagram of another cutting blade provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Among them, the cutting insert 000, the main body 100, the cutting part 200, the first direction f1, the second direction f2, the upper surface A1, the front cutting edge A11, the bottom surface A2, the back cutting edge A3, the anti-chip arm 201, the main cutting edge R1, the chip groove C, the front chip arm surface B1, the transition raised arc surface B2, the back chip arm surface B3, the first target plane P1, the first angle α1, the second angle α2, the second target plane P2, the front chip arm surface J1, the back chip arm surface J2, the platform surface J3, the third angle ε, the fourth angle δ, the side back cutting edge A4, the third direction f3, the turning front cutting edge A12, the turning chip breaker arm 202, the side cutting edge R2, the angle γ, the corner cutting arc edge R3, the front turning chip breaker portion 202a, the central turning chip breaker portion 202b, the back turning chip breaker portion 202c, the first The first sub-turning rake face Q1, the second sub-turning rake face Q2, the third sub-turning rake face Q3, the included angle η, the length W1 of the rake face A11, the width W2 of the front chip arm surface, the width W3 of the turning and grooving junction, the width W4 of the guide groove, the width L1 of the orthographic projection of the rake face A11 on the second target plane P2, the length L2 of the front turning chip breaker portion, the length L3 of the central turning chip breaker portion, the length L4 of the rear turning chip breaker portion, the coolant guide groove 203, the side a1 of the front chip arm surface J1 away from the chip groove C, the chip breaker arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker portion 202a, the chip breaker arm surface D2 of the central turning chip breaker portion 202b, the width d1 of the first sub-turning rake face Q1, the width d2 of the second sub-turning rake face Q2, the width d3 of the third sub-turning rake face Q3, and the upper positioning groove surface 101.

[0046] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the implementation methods of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be understood that references throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0050] In the related art, a convex point design is usually added to the cutting groove structure design of the cutting blade, which is mainly used to enhance the chip breaking performance. This convex point design will occupy a larger cutting groove chip groove space. During medium and high feed processing and internal hole processing, the chip groove cannot accommodate longer and larger chips well, which will cause the chips to scratch the machined surface, thereby affecting the machined surface quality. In addition, in the turning structure design, its side turning structure is only a section of side straight edge combined with a section of front cutting edge. When facing different turning cutting depth environments, its chip breaking and chip curling performance generally leads to lower workpiece processing quality, which cannot well meet the requirements of various turning processing conditions.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting blade provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of the cutting portion is shown in FIG. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The cross-sectional view at A-A', Figure 4 yes Figure 2Cross-sectional view taken at BB'. The cutting insert 000 may include a main body 100 and a cutting portion 200 fixedly connected to an end of the main body 100. The cutting portion 200 may be arranged along a first direction f1 with the main body 100. The number of cutting portions 200 in the cutting insert 000 may be one or two, and this is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0052] The cutting portion 200 in the cutting insert 000 may have an upper surface A1 and a bottom surface A2 arranged along a second direction f2, and a flank surface A3 connecting the upper surface A1 and the bottom surface A2 of the cutting portion. The second direction f2 may be perpendicular to the first direction f1. For example, the first direction f1 may be the X-axis, and the second direction f2 may be the Z-axis. The flank surface A3 of the cutting portion 200 may be the side of the cutting portion 200 facing away from the main body 100.

[0053] The upper surface A1 of the cutting portion 200 may include a rake face A11 and two anti-chip arms 201 extending along a first direction f1. The intersection of the rake face A11 and the flank face A3 may form a major cutting edge R1. The two anti-chip arms 201 may be arranged opposite each other along the extension direction of the major cutting edge R1, with the first ends of the two anti-chip arms 201 extending to the major cutting edge R1. The second ends of the two anti-chip arms 201 are connected to each other. The two anti-chip arms 201 and the rake face A11 may be used to enclose a chip flute C.

[0054] Among them, the side of each anti-chip arm 201 facing the chip groove C may have a front chip arm surface B1, a transition raised arc surface B2 and a rear chip arm surface B3 that are connected and arranged along the extension direction of the anti-chip arm 201, and the first angle α1 of the two front chip arm surfaces B1 in the two anti-chip arms 201 in the first target plane P1 is greater than the second angle α2 of the two rear chip arm surfaces B3 in the two anti-chip arms 201 in the first target plane P1. Here, the first target plane P1 can be a plane perpendicular to the first direction f1 and parallel to the second direction f2. For example, the two front chip arm surfaces B1 in the two anti-chip arms 201 can be symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the chip groove C, the two transition raised arc surfaces B2 in the two anti-chip arms 201 can be symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the chip groove C, and the two rear chip arm surfaces B3 in the two anti-chip arms 201 can be symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the chip groove C.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present application, the two front chip arm surfaces B1 in the two anti-chip arms 201 form a "V"-shaped chip structure, and the two rear chip arm surfaces B3 in the two anti-chip arms 201 also form a "V"-shaped chip structure, and the angle of the V-shaped chip groove structure formed by the two front chip arm surfaces B1 is greater than the angle of the V-shaped chip groove structure formed by the two rear chip arm surfaces B3. In this way, the above-mentioned two-stage chip arm surface sudden change in inclination angle design will form a protruding connecting surface (i.e., transition convex arc surface B2) between the front chip arm surface B1 and the rear chip arm surface B3. Since the angle of the front and rear chip arm surfaces suddenly changes, the transition convex arc surface B2 will cause the chips to generate greater shear stress when passing through this structure, making the chips easier to break, playing the same role as the chip breaking point in the general grooving structure, but avoiding the undesirable phenomenon of excessive occupation of the chip groove space by the chip breaking point design, which is conducive to obtaining a larger chip groove space, thereby facilitating the chip wrapping and chip holding when the cutting blade 000 performs medium and high feed or internal hole grooving processing. In addition, the two-stage chip wrapping arm surface design can make smaller chips be subjected to shear stress at the transition raised arc surface B2 when moving from the main cutting edge R1 to the rear end in the chip groove C, thereby better chip breaking. For larger and more rigid chips generated by working conditions such as medium and high feed, after the transition raised arc surface B2, the space between the chip wrapping arm surfaces on both sides is reduced, so that the chips are subjected to a greater force to be squeezed and wrapped toward the middle part, thereby having excellent chip wrapping performance for large chips, avoiding large chips from affecting the surface quality of the processed workpiece, and thus ensuring that the cutting tool integrated with the cutting insert has good processing quality of the workpiece.

[0056] Optionally, the difference between a first angle α1 of the two front chip-wrapping arm surfaces B1 of the two anti-chip arms 201 within the first target plane P1 and a second angle α2 of the two rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces B3 of the two anti-chip arms 201 within the first target plane P1 may be greater than or equal to 15 degrees. For example, the first angle α1 may range from 120 degrees to 160 degrees, for example, the first angle α1 may be 120 degrees, 140 degrees, or 160 degrees; the second angle α2 may range from 60 degrees to 120 degrees, for example, the second angle α2 may be 60 degrees, 100 degrees, or 120 degrees.

[0057] In the examples of this application, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a projection view of the back face of a cutting portion provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6It is a top view of another cutting portion provided by an embodiment of the present application. The top of each chip anti-chip arm 201 may have a front chip arm surface J1 and a rear chip arm surface J2 that are connected and arranged along the extension direction of the chip anti-chip arm 201, and one side of the front chip arm surface B1 in the chip anti-chip arm 201 may be smoothly connected to the front chip arm surface J1 and the rear chip arm surface J2, and the other side of the front chip arm surface B1 may be smoothly connected to the bottom surface of the chip groove C. The two sides of the rear chip arm surface B3 in the chip anti-chip arm 201 may be smoothly connected to the rear chip arm surface J2 and the bottom surface of the chip groove C, respectively. Among them, one side of the front chip arm surface J1 may be connected to the main cutting edge R1, and the side a1 of the front chip arm surface J1 away from the chip groove C may be a straight edge, and the width of the front chip arm surface J1 may first gradually decrease and then gradually increase in the direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and close to the main body 100. The rear chip rolling arm surface J2 of the chip anti-chip arm 201 is an arc convex surface and is tangent to the front chip rolling arm surface J1.

[0058] In this case, the front cutting edge A11 of the cutting portion 200 and the front chip arm surface J1 in the two anti-chip arms 201 can form a "π"-shaped main cutting groove structure, and the width of the front chip arm surface J1 gradually decreases first and then gradually increases, that is, it is similar to a semi-funnel shape. This structural design allows the front chip arm surface J1 to have the largest width on the main cutting edge R1, which can effectively improve the structural strength of the tool tip. At the same time, as the cutting moves inward with the front chip arm surface J1, the friction resistance it encounters decreases due to the width of the front chip arm surface J1 becoming smaller and smaller, and the extrusion stress on the chips gradually increases, which helps the chips to wrap around the chip groove C in the middle part. The rear chip arm surface J2 is connected to the back of the front chip arm surface J1. The rear chip arm surface J2 is a circular arc surface, which is tangentially connected to the front chip arm surface J1. This chip-repelling design effectively curls chips along the front and rear chip curling arms as they pass through, improving chip curling efficiency and preventing irregular chips from scraping the workpiece surface, thereby enhancing workpiece surface quality. Furthermore, the side of the front chip curling arm J1 facing away from the chip flute C is a straight edge a1. This structural design complements the side turning structure of the cutting insert 000, facilitating chip breaking at lower depths of cut. It should be noted that the side turning structure of the cutting insert 000 will be described in subsequent embodiments.

[0059] It should be noted that the rear end of the rear chip arm surface J2 can be connected to the platform surface J3 in the cutting part 200 that is connected to the main body part 100, and the rear chip arm surface J2 and the platform surface J3 can be transitionally connected by an arc surface.

[0060] Optional, please refer to Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of another cutting blade provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8This is a projection view of the side flank surface of a cutting portion near the main cutting edge provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Cross-sectional view at C-C'. The front chip arm surface J1 in the anti-chip arm 201 can be inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and away from the bottom surface A2 of the cutting portion 200, and the front cutting surface A11 in the cutting portion 200 can be inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and toward the bottom surface A2 of the cutting portion 200. Among them, the third angle ε between the front chip arm surface J1 in the anti-chip arm 201 and the second target plane P2 can be a negative rake angle, and the fourth angle δ between the front cutting surface A11 in the cutting portion 200 and the second target plane P2 can be a positive rake angle. Here, the second target plane P2 can be a plane passing through the main cutting edge R1 and parallel to the first direction f1.

[0061] In this case, the design of staggered positive and negative rake angles between the front chip arm surface J1 and the central rake face A11 increases the contact area between the cutting insert 000 and the workpiece during cutting. This, in turn, expands the heat dissipation area during cutting, improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the cutting insert 000, and extends the service life of the cutting insert 000. Furthermore, the negative rake angle design of the front chip arm surface J1 effectively enhances the strength of the cutting tip, while the positive rake angle design of the rake face A11 sharpens the main cutting edge of the cutting insert 000, making the cutting insert 000 cut more smoothly and improving cutting efficiency.

[0062] For example, the fourth angle δ may be in the range of 0°≤δ≤30°, and the third angle ε may be in the range of 0°≤ε≤20°. Furthermore, the width L1 of the orthographic projection of the rake face A11 in the cutting portion 200 on the second target plane P2 may be in the range of 0 mm to 0.5 mm. For example, the fourth angle δ may be 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, or 30°; the third angle ε may be 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°; and the width L1 may be 0 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm.

[0063] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the cutting portion 200 may also have two side flank surfaces A4 arranged along a third direction f3, and the third direction f3 may be perpendicular to both the first direction f1 and the second direction f3. The upper surface A1 of the cutting portion 200 may also have: a turning chip breaker arm 202 fixedly connected to the side of the anti-chip arm 201 away from the chip groove C, and a turning front cutting surface A12 distributed on the side of the turning chip breaker arm 202 away from the chip groove C. The turning front cutting surface A12 and the side flank surface A4 may form a side cutting edge R2 at the intersection, and the turning front cutting surface A12 is smoothly connected to the chip breaker arm surface D of the turning chip breaker arm 202. Wherein, the angle between the chip breaker arm surface D of the turning chip breaker arm 202 and the turning front cutting surface A12 is an obtuse angle.

[0064] For examples, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 10 , Figure 10 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at BB'. The range of the angle γ between the turning front cutting edge A12 and the second target plane P2 can be: 0°≤γ≤20°. Here, γ can be adjusted according to different workpieces and working conditions. If rough turning or intermittent turning is required, the value of γ can be increased to increase the strength of the side cutting edge; if fine turning or processing of sticky materials requires a sharper side cutting edge R2, the γ value can be reduced to obtain a sharper side cutting edge R2. For example, the angle γ can be 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° or 20°, etc.

[0065] In this application, if Figure 7 As shown, the intersection of the flank surface A3 and the side flank surface A4 of the cutting portion 200 forms a corner cutting arc edge R3 which is respectively arranged adjacent to the main cutting edge R1 and the side cutting edge R2. It should be noted that during the cutting process of the cutting blade 000, the corner cutting arc edge R3 will participate in the processing regardless of whether it is fed along the X-axis or the Y-axis. At the same time, the strength of the corner cutting arc edge R3 is also the weakest. The edge damage of the cutting blade 000 usually first appears at the corner cutting arc edge R3.

[0066] In this application, please refer to Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 11 , Figure 11 yes Figure 10A partial enlarged schematic diagram at point D. The turning chip breaker arm 202 may include a front turning chip breaker portion 202a, a central turning chip breaker portion 202b, and a rear turning chip breaker portion 202c arranged in sequence along the extending direction of the turning chip breaker arm 202. The front turning chip breaker portion 202a may be connected to the main cutting edge R1. The turning rake face A12 may include a first sub-turning rake face Q1 corresponding to the front turning chip breaker portion 202a, a second sub-turning rake face Q2 corresponding to the central turning chip breaker portion 202b, and a third sub-turning rake face Q3 corresponding to the rear turning chip breaker portion 202c. The width d1 of the first sub-turning rake face Q1 gradually decreases in a direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and toward the main body 100; the width d2 of the second sub-turning rake face Q2 gradually increases and then gradually decreases in a direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and toward the main body 100; and the width d3 of the third sub-turning rake face Q3 gradually increases in a direction away from the main cutting edge R1 and toward the main body 100. It should be noted that the "gradually decreasing" and "gradually increasing" described above do not limit the rate of change of the width to the same at any position; they are merely intended to illustrate the width change trends of different components.

[0067] In this case, in the front turning chip breaking portion 202a section, the width d1 of the corresponding first sub-turning front cutting edge Q1 gradually decreases toward the rear; in the central turning chip breaking portion 202b section, the width d2 of the corresponding second sub-turning front cutting edge Q2 first gradually increases and then gradually decreases toward the rear direction, forming an intermediate bow shape of an "recurve bow" type; in the rear turning chip breaking portion 202c section, the width d3 of the corresponding third sub-turning front cutting edge Q3 gradually increases from small toward the rear. In this way, when the cutting depth of the front turning chip breaker 202a is low (the cutting depth is less than the length of the front turning chip breaker 202a), the chips on the rear side first contact the chip breaking arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a when moving toward the center along the first sub-turning front cutting edge Q1, and the chips at the front end then gradually contact the chip breaking arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a. When passing through the chip breaking arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a, due to the certain angle η between the chip breaking surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a and the first sub-turning front cutting edge Q1, the chips are subjected to bending stress, thereby forming "C"-shaped chip discharge. Since the cutting depth is low and the chips are thin when turning shallow grooves with low cutting depth, good rigidity is not formed and the chips are not easy to break. Compared with the side straight-edge chip-reversing structure, this front-turning chip-breaking portion 202a structure can not only make the chips have bending stress perpendicular to the side turning edge direction, but also make the chips have shear stress toward the grooving direction when passing through the front-turning chip-breaking portion 202a. The shear stress in this direction can better promote chip breaking during shallow groove and low cutting depth turning processing, thereby improving the processing efficiency and workpiece surface quality of shallow groove and low cutting depth turning processing.

[0068] When the cutting depth of the cutting blade 000 is greater than the length of the front turning chip breaker, the front turning chip breaker 202a and the central turning chip breaker 202b act at the same time, and the central turning chip breaker 202b forms an intermediate bow shape of a "recurve bow" type, and the width of the front half of the second sub-turning front cutting edge Q2 corresponding to it gradually increases, forming a double "C" shaped turning chip breaker structure with the front turning chip breaker 202a, which can make large chips pass through the front turning chip breaker 202a and the central turning chip breaker first. When the convex point at the intersection of 202b is subjected to a large shear stress, the large chip is divided into two parts. The first half of the chip forms a C-shaped chip curled toward the front side of the cutting blade 000 at the front turning chip breaker portion 202a, and the second half of the chip forms a C-shaped chip curled toward the rear of the cutting blade 000 at the front half arc chip arm surface of the chip breaker arm surface D2 of the central turning chip breaker portion 202b because the chip breaker arm surface D2 of the central turning chip breaker portion 202b and the second sub-turning front cutting edge Q2 also have an angle η.

[0069] Compared with the straight-edge anti-chip arm surface, this design of dividing the chips and making the two chip-breaking surfaces face the front and back directions respectively can, on the one hand, avoid the formation of large turning chips that scratch the machined surface, thereby improving the machining quality of the workpiece surface; on the other hand, for materials with high viscosity, such as copper, aluminum alloy, etc., this design can maximize the chip-breaking ability of the blade during turning and avoid the formation of chip clusters. The rear half of the central turning breaking portion 202b, that is, the part where the width d2 of the rear half of the corresponding second sub-turning front cutting edge Q2 changes from large to small, can form a certain chip wrapping effect on the larger "C"-shaped chips in the latter section when the turning cutting depth is greater, making the chips easier to wrap and break. The final rear turning chip-breaking portion 202c section, where the width d3 of the corresponding third sub-turning front cutting edge Q3 changes from small to large, can divert excessive chips to the rear for discharge.

[0070] For example, Figure 11 As shown, there is a certain angle η between the chip breaking arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaking portion 202a and the first sub-turning front cutting edge Q1, and the range value of the angle η can be: 120 degrees to 140 degrees. There is a certain angle η between the chip breaking arm surface D2 of the central turning chip breaking portion 202b and the second sub-turning front cutting edge Q2, and the range value of the angle η can be: 120 degrees to 140 degrees. For example, the angle η can be 120 degrees, 130 degrees or 140 degrees, etc.

[0071] Optional, such as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the width of the rake face A11 in the cutting portion 200 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1 is W1, the width of the connecting section of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker with the main cutting edge R1 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1 is W2, and the width between the side of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker facing away from the chip pocket C and the side cutting edge R2 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1 is W3. The length of the front turning chip breaker portion 202a along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2 is L2, the length of the central turning chip breaker portion 202b along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2 is L3, and the length of the rear turning chip breaker portion 202c along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2 is L4.

[0072] The length W1 of the rake face A11 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge, the width W2 of the connecting section of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker with the main cutting edge R1 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1, the width W3 between the side of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker facing away from the chip pocket C and the side cutting edge R2 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1, the length L2 of the front turning chip breaker portion 202a along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2, the length L3 of the central turning chip breaker portion 202b along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2, and the length L4 of the rear turning chip breaker portion 202c along the extension direction of the side cutting edge R2 can satisfy the following relationship: 1.25W3≤L2≤2.5W3, 0.75(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2≤L3≤1.25(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2, 0.75L2≤L4≤2.50L2.

[0073] In the present application, the length W1 of the rake face A11 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1, the width W2 of the connecting section of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker with the main cutting edge R1 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1, and the width W3 between the side of the rake face J1 of the front chip breaker facing away from the chip pocket C and the side cutting edge R2 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1 can satisfy the following relationship: 0.3(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W1≤0.8(W1+2W2+2W3), 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W2≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3), 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W3≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3).

[0074] It should be noted that the width of the rake face A11 along the direction in which the main cutting edge R1 extends is W1. The larger this width, the wider the chip flute C of the cutting insert 000, and the better the chip holding performance of the corresponding chip flute C. However, a larger W1 value will occupy more side turning structure space, which is not conducive to the side turning structure design. It will also reduce the width of the front chip arm surface J1 and the rear chip arm surface J2 in the anti-chip arm 201, which is not conducive to chip holding. Therefore, the above W1 value is recommended. The width of the connecting section between the front chip arm surface J1 and the main cutting edge R1 along the direction in which the main cutting edge R1 extends is W2. This value mainly affects the edge strength and chip holding performance of the cutting insert 000. The larger this value, the stronger the edge strength and chip holding performance. However, it is also limited by the overall width distribution, so the above W2 value is recommended. The width between the side a1 of the front chip arm surface J1 away from the chip groove C and the side cutting edge R2 along the extension direction of the main cutting edge R1 is W3. This value is mainly limited by the radius of the corner cutting arc edge R3. Normally, the W3 value should be greater than the radius of the corner cutting arc edge R3. If this value is less than the radius of the corner cutting arc edge R3, it will affect the chip breaking performance of the cutting insert 000 during turning processing, so the above W3 value is recommended.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the upper surface A1 of the cutting portion 200 may further include a coolant guide groove 203 located on the side of the chip groove C facing away from the main cutting edge R1, and the coolant guide groove 203 is connected to the chip groove C. In this way, during grooving, the coolant from above can flow along the coolant guide groove 203 into the chip groove C of the cutting insert 000, thereby better cooling the cutting insert 000 during chip cutting and improving the stability and service life of the cutting insert 000.

[0076] For example, the width W4 of the coolant guide groove 203 may be in the range of 0.25W1≤W4≤0.50W1.

[0077] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a cutting insert 000, which may include: a main body 100, and a cutting portion 200 fixedly connected to the end of the main body 100. The two front chip-wrapping arm surfaces B1 of the two anti-chip arms 201 form a "V"-shaped chip-wrapping structure, and the two rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces B3 of the two anti-chip arms 201 also form a "V"-shaped chip-wrapping structure, and the angle of the V-shaped chip-wrapping groove structure formed by the two front chip-wrapping arm surfaces B1 is greater than the angle of the V-shaped chip-wrapping groove structure formed by the two rear chip-wrapping arm surfaces B3. In this way, the above-mentioned two-stage chip arm surface sudden change in inclination angle design will form a protruding connecting surface (i.e., transition convex arc surface B2) between the front chip arm surface B1 and the rear chip arm surface B3. Since the angle of the front and rear chip arm surfaces suddenly changes, the transition convex arc surface B2 will cause the chips to generate greater shear stress when passing through this structure, making the chips easier to break, playing the same role as the chip breaking point in the general grooving structure, but avoiding the undesirable phenomenon of excessive occupation of the chip groove space by the chip breaking point design, which is conducive to obtaining a larger chip groove space, thereby facilitating the chip wrapping and chip holding when the cutting blade 000 performs medium and high feed or internal hole grooving processing. In addition, the two-stage chip wrapping arm surface design can make smaller chips be subjected to shear stress at the transition raised arc surface B2 when moving from the main cutting edge R1 to the rear end in the chip groove, thereby better chip breaking. For larger and more rigid chips generated by working conditions such as medium and high feed, after the transition raised arc surface B2, the space between the chip wrapping arm surfaces on both sides is reduced, so that the chips are subjected to a greater force to be squeezed and wrapped toward the middle part, thereby having excellent chip wrapping performance for large chips, avoiding large chips from affecting the surface quality of the processed workpiece, and thus ensuring that the cutting tool integrated with the cutting insert 000 has better processing quality of the workpiece.

[0078] At the same time, for the turning structure, the three-stage turning rake face width design forms a "recurve bow" type structure; in this way, when the cutting depth of the turning process is low (the cutting depth is less than the length of the front turning chip breaker 202a), the chips on the rear side first contact the chip breaker arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a when the chips move toward the center along the first sub-turning rake face Q1, and the chips at the front end gradually contact the chip breaker arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a. When passing through the chip breaker arm surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a, due to the certain angle η between the chip breaker surface D1 of the front turning chip breaker 202a and the first sub-turning rake face Q1, the chips are subjected to bending stress, thereby forming a "C" type chip discharge. This improves the processing efficiency and workpiece surface quality of shallow groove low cutting depth turning.

[0079] When the cutting depth of the cutting insert 000 is greater than the length of the front turning chip breaking portion, the front turning chip breaking portion 202a and the central turning chip breaking portion 202b act simultaneously to form a double "C" shaped turning chip breaking structure, which can make the large chip receive a greater shearing stress when passing through the convex point at the intersection of the front turning chip breaking portion 202a and the central turning chip breaking portion 202b, so that the large chip is divided into two parts, the front half of the chip forms a C-shaped chip curling to the front side of the cutting insert 000 at the front turning chip breaking portion 202a, and the rear half of the chip forms a C-shaped chip curling to the rear side of the cutting insert 000 at the central turning chip breaking portion 202b because the chip breaking arm surface D2 of the central turning chip breaking portion 202b and the second sub-turning rake surface Q2 also have an included angle η.

[0080] The design of dividing the chip and making the two chip breaking surfaces respectively face the front and rear directions can avoid forming a large turning chip to scratch the machined surface, thereby improving the machining quality of the workpiece surface, and can greatly improve the chip breaking ability of the cutting insert during turning, thereby avoiding the formation of a chip ball for materials with high viscosity such as copper and aluminum alloy. The width d2 of the rear half of the central turning chip breaking portion 202b corresponding to the rear half of the second sub-turning rake surface Q2 decreases from large to small, which can form a certain chip packing effect on the rear large "C" shaped chip during turning with a large cutting depth, so that the chip is more easily packed and broken. The width d3 of the third sub-turning rake surface Q3 corresponding to the rear turning chip breaking portion 202c increases from small to large, which can guide the excessive chip to the rear for discharge.

[0081] The embodiment of the present application also provides a cutting tool, which can include a tool body (not shown in the figure) and a cutting insert 000, the cutting insert 000 is mounted on the tool body, that is, the cutting is driven by the rotation or movement of the tool body. The mounting structure between the cutting insert and the tool body is not the improvement of the present application, and those skilled in the art can assemble the cutting insert and the tool body according to the existing mounting mode, which will not be described here. For example, please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12 is another structure diagram of a cutting insert provided by the embodiment of the present application. The main body portion 100 in the cutting insert 000 can have an upper positioning groove surface 101 and a lower positioning groove surface (not shown in the figure) arranged oppositely along the second direction f2, and part of the lower positioning groove surface can be distributed on the bottom surface A2 of the cutting portion 200. The upper positioning groove surface 101 and the lower positioning groove surface in the main body portion 100 can be used for positioning and mounting the cutting insert 000 and the tool body.

[0082] In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, unless expressly limited otherwise.

[0083] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A cutting insert, characterized in that: include: a main body portion, and a cutting portion fixedly connected to an end portion of the main body portion, wherein the cutting portion and the main body portion are arranged along a first direction; The cutting portion has an upper surface and a bottom surface arranged along a second direction, and a flank surface connecting the upper surface and the bottom surface, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; The upper surface of the cutting portion comprises: a rake face, and two anti-chip arms extending along the first direction, wherein the intersection of the rake face and the flank face forms a main cutting edge; the two anti-chip arms are arranged opposite to each other along the extension direction of the main cutting edge, and the first ends of the two anti-chip arms extend to the main cutting edge, the second ends of the two anti-chip arms are connected, and the two anti-chip arms and the rake face are used to enclose a chip groove; Wherein, a side of each of the anti-chip arms facing the chip groove comprises a front chip arm surface, a transition convex arc surface and a rear chip arm surface which are connected and arranged along the extension direction of the anti-chip arm, a first angle between the two front chip arm surfaces of the two anti-chip arms in the first target plane is greater than a second angle between the two rear chip arm surfaces of the two anti-chip arms in the first target plane, and the first target plane is a plane perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the second direction; The cutting portion further comprises two side flank surfaces arranged along a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction; the upper surface of the cutting portion further comprises: a turning chip breaker arm fixedly connected to a side of the anti-chip arm away from the chip groove, and a turning rake surface distributed on the side of the turning chip breaker arm away from the chip groove, a side cutting edge being formed at the intersection of the turning rake surface and the side flank surface, and the turning rake surface being smoothly connected to the chip breaking surface of the turning chip breaker arm; an angle between the chip breaking surface of the turning chip breaker arm and the turning rake surface is an obtuse angle; The turning chip breaker arm includes: a front turning chip breaker portion, a central turning chip breaker portion and a rear turning chip breaker portion arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the turning chip breaker arm, and the front turning chip breaker portion is connected with the main cutting edge; the turning front cutting edge includes: a first sub-turning front cutting edge corresponding to the front turning chip breaker portion, a second sub-turning front cutting edge corresponding to the central turning chip breaker portion, and a third sub-turning front cutting edge corresponding to the rear turning chip breaker portion; the width of the first sub-turning front cutting edge gradually decreases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body; the width of the second sub-turning front cutting edge first gradually increases and then gradually decreases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body; the width of the third sub-turning front cutting edge gradually increases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body.

2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein A difference between the first angle and the second angle is greater than or equal to 15 degrees.

3. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein The top of each chip anti-chip arm has a front chip coiling arm surface and a rear chip coiling arm surface connected and arranged along the extension direction of the chip anti-chip arm, and the two sides of the front chip coiling arm surface are smoothly connected to the front chip coiling arm surface, the rear chip coiling arm surface, and the bottom surface of the chip groove; the two sides of the rear chip coiling arm surface are smoothly connected to the rear chip coiling arm surface and the bottom surface of the chip groove; Among them, one side of the front chip arm surface is connected to the main cutting edge, the side of the front chip arm surface away from the chip groove is a straight edge, and the width of the front chip arm surface gradually decreases and then gradually increases in the direction away from the main cutting edge and close to the main body; the rear chip arm surface is a circular arc convex surface and is tangent to the front chip arm surface.

4. The cutting insert according to claim 3, wherein The front chip arm surface is inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge and away from the bottom surface, and the rake surface is inclined in a direction away from the main cutting edge and toward the bottom surface; Among them, the third angle between the front chip arm surface and the second target plane is a negative rake angle; the fourth angle between the front cutting edge and the second target plane is a positive rake angle, and the second target plane is a plane passing through the main cutting edge and parallel to the first direction.

5. The cutting insert according to claim 3, wherein The width of the front cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W1, the width of the connecting section of the front chip arm surface and the main cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W2, and the width between the side of the front chip arm surface facing away from the chip groove and the side cutting edge along the extension direction of the main cutting edge is W3; the length of the front turning chip breaker along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L2, the length of the central turning chip breaker along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L3, and the length of the rear turning chip breaker along the extension direction of the side cutting edge is L4; Among them, 1.25W3≤L2≤2.5W3, 0.75(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2≤L3≤1.25(W1+2W2+2W3)-L2, 0.75L2≤L4≤2.5L2.

6. The cutting insert according to claim 3, wherein The length of the rake face along the direction in which the main cutting edge extends is W1, the width of the connection section between the front chip arm face and the main cutting edge along the direction in which the main cutting edge extends is W2, and the length between the side of the front chip arm face away from the chip groove and the side cutting edge along the direction in which the main cutting edge extends is W3; wherein, 0.3(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W1≤0.8(W1+2W2+2W3), 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W2≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3), 0.1(W1+2W2+2W3)≤W3≤0.35(W1+2W2+2W3).

7. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The upper surface of the cutting portion further comprises a coolant guide groove located on a side of the chip groove away from the main cutting edge, and the coolant guide groove is communicated with the chip groove.

8. A cutting tool, characterized in that: include: A cutter body and a cutting insert according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cutting insert is mounted on the cutter body.

Images