Railway vehicle axle digital intelligent assembling production line and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to a railway vehicle axle digital intelligent assembly production line and a working method. An intelligent storage unit stores wheel pairs and bearings to be assembled and matches assembly information; the intelligent logistics unit transports the to-be-assembled wheel pair, the to-be-assembled bearing and the to-be-assembled accessory to a set position; the bearing press-fitting unit is used for pressing the bearing into the wheel pair; the accessory assembling and bolt tightening unit is used for assembling accessories into the axle subjected to press fitting; the multi-station running-in unit is used for testing the assembled wheel shaft; a press-fitting platform in the bearing press-fitting unit is provided with a wheel shaft conveying rail, a bearing turnover device is arranged on one side of the wheel shaft conveying rail, and a bearing to be assembled is turned over to a set mounting angle by the bearing turnover device, assembled with a matched rear bumper and transferred into a bearing press-fitting device in the middle of the press-fitting platform by a robot; a to-be-pressed wheel pair is positioned through ejector pins arranged on the two sides of a wheel shaft conveying rail, and a press-fitting oil cylinder bearing arranged parallel to the ejector pins is used for press-fitting of the wheel pair.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automated assembly technology, and in particular to a railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line and a working method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Vehicles running on tracks (commonly known as railway vehicles) have axles, which are composed of wheelsets and bearings. They are the core components of railway vehicles and bear the functions of vehicle load-bearing and running. Their quality is directly related to the safety of rail transit vehicle operation. During the assembly of wheelsets and bearings, it is necessary to carry out complex operations such as wheelset temperature and shaft diameter size detection, bearing temperature measurement and selection, dust plate seat assembly, bearing press fitting (curve identification), marking plate engraving, shaft end accessories (end cover, anti-loosening pad and shaft end bolt) pre-assembly, and shaft end bolt tightening. At the same time, the history and traceability of the wheel and axle assembly process are important links to ensure the quality of wheelset bearing assembly and quality traceability throughout the life cycle.

[0004] At present, the assembly of wheelset bearings is carried out by semi-automatic special machines and manual loading and unloading operations. The more common practice is to manually transport the wheelset and control the temperature holding time. After the temperature holding time is completed, the shaft diameter is measured and judged manually and paper records are filled out. After the bearings are heated, the bearings are measured manually, the tolerance bands with the wheelset are matched and paper records are filled out manually. The matched bearings are placed manually on both ends of the press for press fitting operations and manual curve judgment. After the bearings are pressed, the wheelset is pushed to the shaft end accessory installation position, the wheel stopper is manually set to position the wheelset, the identification plate is manually taken to complete the identification engraving, and the end cover, anti-loosening pad, identification plate, and shaft end bolts are manually installed to the wheelset shaft end in turn. A multi-axis combined tightening machine or a single-axis tightening gun is manually held to tighten the shaft end bolts once or multiple times within the qualified torque range.

[0005] It can be seen that the existing assembly operation mode has the shortcomings of low automation, low production efficiency, and difficult to ensure operation quality. The assembly process requires the participation of multiple personnel, poor consistency of operation specifications, and high labor costs. At the same time, the storage, temperature synchronization, circulation, loading and unloading of materials all require manual intervention. The entire line is inefficient, occupies a large area and is not conducive to production organization and expansion. More importantly, the electronic record of the wheelset production process needs to be manually entered repeatedly, the information interaction is complex and cannot be generated automatically, and there is an urgent need to improve the quality traceability capability of the wheelset assembly process.

[0006] Some existing technologies can solve the problem of loose assembly of existing railway passenger car axles, such as the axle assembly method disclosed in CN113878344B. However, this method cannot achieve technical problems such as isotropic storage and retrieval of axles, material traceability, bearing information image recognition, automatic bearing measurement and matching, automatic wheel set measurement, and digital rear gear sorting. Since axle assembly involves many tasks and complicated operation types, it is difficult to achieve digitalization. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a digital assembly production line and working method for railway vehicle wheel axles, so as to realize the digitalization and intelligence of railway vehicle wheel axle assembly, improve the processing efficiency and processing quality of wheel axle assembly, meet the requirements of lean production, and a reasonable production line layout can improve the processing environment and improve the safety of the workers' operating environment.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line, comprising:

[0010] Intelligent storage unit, used to store wheelsets and bearings to be assembled and match the assembly information of wheelsets and bearings;

[0011] Intelligent logistics unit for transporting the wheelsets, bearings and accessories to be assembled to the set location;

[0012] Digital inspection unit to obtain the information required for wheelset and bearing assembly;

[0013] Bearing press-fitting unit, used to press the bearing into the wheelset and acquire data during the press-fitting process;

[0014] The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit is used to assemble the accessories into the press-fitted wheelset and complete the assembly of the wheelset and bearings;

[0015] Multi-station running-in unit, used to test assembled wheelsets and bearings and obtain temperature information during the test;

[0016] Among them, the bearing pressing unit includes a pressing platform, an axle conveying track is provided in the pressing platform, and a bearing flipping device is provided on one side of the axle conveying track. The bearing flipping device is used to flip the bearing to be assembled to a set installation angle and assemble it with a matching back stop. The robot is used to transfer the bearing with the back stop to the bearing pressing device in the middle of the pressing platform; the bearing pressing device uses ejectors arranged on both sides of the axle conveying track to realize the positioning of the wheelset to be pressed, and uses a pressing cylinder arranged in parallel with the ejectors to realize the pressing of the bearing and the wheelset.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent storage unit includes a wheelset temperature-controlled automatic storage and retrieval warehouse and a bearing temperature-controlled automatic matching warehouse. The wheelset temperature-controlled automatic storage and retrieval warehouse identifies the information required for wheelset assembly and uploads it to the information management system; the bearing temperature-controlled automatic matching warehouse identifies the information required for bearing assembly and uploads it to the information management system.

[0018] Furthermore, the intelligent logistics unit includes an RGV trolley, an AGV trolley and a transmission track, wherein:

[0019] The first RGV trolley is located between the wheelset isothermal storage and retrieval warehouse and the bearing press unit, and is used to transport wheelsets and bearings to be assembled;

[0020] The second RGV trolley is located between the bearing press unit and the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit and is used to transport the wheelset after the bearings are pressed;

[0021] The third RGV trolley is located between the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit and the multi-station running-in unit, and is used to transport the assembled wheelsets to be run-in tested;

[0022] AGV trolleys are used to transport accessories required for assembly, as well as unqualified wheel sets and accessories;

[0023] The transmission track is used to support the operation of RGV and AGV.

[0024] Further, the digital inspection unit includes a wheelset journal measuring device, a bearing inner diameter measuring device and a digital re-inspection tool;

[0025] The wheelset journal measuring device is located between the wheelset isothermal automatic storage and retrieval vertical warehouse and the bearing press-fitting unit. It obtains the journal diameter and cylindricity of the wheelset to be assembled, as well as the diameter and cylindricity of the dust plate seat in the matching accessories according to the set process position and method, and associates them with the corresponding shaft number, manufacturer code, production date, left and right end positions, and uploads them to the information management system;

[0026] The bearing inner diameter measuring device is located in the bearing isothermal automatic matching vertical library, and is used to obtain the data of the inner diameters at both ends of the bearing, and select at least one pair of matching bearings according to the wheelset journal data received from the information management system, and transport them to the bearing press unit using the intelligent logistics unit;

[0027] The digital recheck tool is located in the multi-station running-in unit and is used to check the tightening torque of the fasteners in the assembled wheelset.

[0028] Furthermore, the bearing pressing unit includes a pressing platform, in which a wheel axle conveying track is provided, the wheel axle conveying track is located on the central axis of the pressing platform for receiving the wheels to be assembled; a pressing robot truss is provided in the space above the pressing platform, and the pressing robot truss is arranged in the space above the pressing platform through columns; a bearing turning device is provided on one side of the wheel axle conveying track; a bearing pressing device is provided in the middle of the pressing platform; a protective net is arranged around the pressing robot truss, and the electrical control cabinet is located outside the protective net.

[0029] Furthermore, the bearing turning device comprises a bearing conveying platform, on which a bearing information identification device and at least two sets of positioning blocks are provided. A pair of bearings to be assembled rolls along the bearing conveying platform in sequence under the action of gravity, and passes through the bearing information identification device in sequence during rolling, and the acquired bearing information is uploaded to the information management system; the bearing stops at the two sets of positioning blocks respectively during rolling;

[0030] A bearing flipping and back-stop clamping mechanism is provided at the end of the bearing conveying platform, which is used to flip the two bearings 90 degrees. After flipping, the corresponding back stop is selected according to the bearing information, and the bearing manipulator on the press-fitting robot truss grabs the back stops one by one and assembles them to the end of the bearing. The back stop is clamped by the bearing flipping and back-stop clamping mechanism, and the bearing manipulator puts it on the bearing guide sleeve of the bearing press-fitting device.

[0031] Furthermore, the bearing press-fitting device comprises a press-fitting platform, press-fitting oil cylinders are arranged on both sides of the wheel axle conveying track of the press-fitting platform, the press-fitting oil cylinders and the press-fitting oil cylinder piston rods are arranged in parallel, the press-fitting oil cylinders and the press-fitting oil cylinder piston rods are connected to the press-fitting platform through a lifting and moving mechanism, a push pin is arranged at the movable end of the press-fitting oil cylinder, a bearing guide sleeve is arranged at the end of the press-fitting oil cylinder piston rod, a connecting crossbeam is arranged on the top of the press-fitting platform, which is used to connect the press-fitting oil cylinders and the press-fitting oil cylinder piston rods at both ends, and a detection device is arranged on the connecting crossbeam;

[0032] The bearing manipulator connects the bearing sleeve with the back stop to the bearing guide sleeve. The wheelset to be pressed enters the pressing platform through the wheel axle conveying track and is lifted to the center position of the pressing cylinder by the lifting mechanism. The piston rods of the pressing cylinders at both ends drive the ejector pin to extend to position the wheelset to be pressed. The bearing guide sleeve is used to assemble the bearing with the back stop and the wheelset to be pressed. The pressing cylinder is activated to press the bearing with the back stop into the wheelset.

[0033] Furthermore, after the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit receives the wheelset from the bearing press-fitting unit, the V-block structure in the wheel axle positioning and lifting device is used to realize the wheel axle self-positioning, the accessory pre-assembly device is used to align the accessories to be assembled, the accessory assembly device is used to pre-tighten the fasteners, and the bolt final tightening device is used to finally tighten the fasteners;

[0034] The accessory pre-assembly device grabs the end cover from the end cover and anti-loosening pad storage table and puts it into the shaft end accessory conveying device. By identifying the position of the bolt hole, the engraved identification plate and anti-loosening pad are grabbed in sequence, stacked on the end cover and aligned with the bolt hole;

[0035] The accessory assembly device includes a pre-assembly robot. By identifying the position of the shaft end bolt hole, the pre-assembly robot grabs the fastener through the pre-assembly fixture and pre-tightens the pre-assembled shaft end accessories and the corresponding shaft end bolt holes. After pre-tightening, the third RGV trolley sends the wheel axle into the bolt final tightening device, and the bolt final tightening device is used to finally tighten the fastener.

[0036] Furthermore, the multi-station running-in unit receives the assembled axle with accessories delivered by the third RGV trolley, and uses the bearing positioning and lifting mechanism provided on the axle running-in table to lift the assembled axle to a set height, and performs a running-in test, during which the bearing temperature data is obtained.

[0037] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating the above-mentioned assembly line, comprising the following steps:

[0038] The intelligent storage unit stores the wheelsets and bearings to be assembled and matches the assembly information of the wheelsets and bearings;

[0039] The intelligent logistics unit transports the wheelsets, bearings and accessories to be assembled to the set location;

[0040] The digital inspection unit obtains the information required for wheelset and bearing assembly;

[0041] The bearing press-fit unit presses the bearing into the wheelset and acquires data during the press-fitting process;

[0042] The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit assembles the accessories into the press-fitted wheelset to complete the assembly of the wheelset and the bearing;

[0043] The multi-station running-in unit tests the assembled wheelsets and bearings and obtains temperature information during the test.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. By integrating multiple independent workstation systems into one production line, the automated assembly of wheelsets, bearings and related accessories is achieved. During assembly, according to the structural characteristics of the wheel axle, the matching bearings and backstops are first pressed together to form a whole, and then the wheelset is positioned using a thimble, and finally the bearings with backstops and wheelsets are pressed together using a press cylinder.

[0046] 2. By integrating multiple independent workstation systems into one production line, automatic loading and unloading, automatic assembly of axles, product quality monitoring, and information exchange of axle assembly can be realized, which improves production efficiency, realizes information management and data traceability of the entire life cycle of product production, and ensures production quality. Reasonable production line layout improves the problems of large floor space, high labor intensity of workers, and poor environment in the traditional axle assembly process, and improves the safety of workers' production operation environment.

[0047] 3. The intelligent storage unit realizes automatic matching of wheelset bearings based on the information interaction between wheelsets and bearings, ensuring the accuracy of assembly; the intelligent logistics system realizes automatic distribution and transportation of wheelsets, bearings and accessories.

[0048] 4. The bearing flipping device flips the bearing so that the press robot truss can accurately detect the position of the wheel axle and clamp it and place it on the bearing automatic press machine to complete the press process.

[0049] 5. The bearing manipulator can realize the positioning and grasping of bearings of different sizes. The three bearing grippers form a three-jaw chuck structure to clamp the bearing and have a self-locking function. The clamping is reliable and has strong adaptability.

[0050] 6. The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit integrates technologies such as robots, vision, servo margins, and laser marking. It can realize automatic pre-assembly of accessories, marking and uploading of accessory assembly information, and automatic tightening of bolts. The entire production process is closely linked, which reduces staffing and work intensity. It can adapt to the automatic identification, matching, and assembly of parts for various vehicle models, and improve the flexibility of the production line.

[0051] 7. The quality inspection of the whole process of wheelset bearing assembly is realized, and the information of each production link can be collected and uploaded to the information management system to generate product processing reports, thereby improving product quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0053] Figure 1 An overall axonometric diagram of a railway vehicle axle digital assembly production line in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 An overall top view of a railway vehicle axle digital assembly production line in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 An axonometric diagram of a bearing conveying and lifting device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 Axonometric diagram of a wheelset journal measuring device in one or more embodiments of the present invention

[0057] Figure 5 An axonometric diagram of a bearing inner diameter measuring device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 An axonometric view of a bearing press-fitting unit in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 An axonometric diagram of a bearing flipping device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 An axonometric view of a press robot truss in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 An axonometric view of a bearing manipulator in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 An exploded view of a bearing manipulator in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a variable diameter disk in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0064] FIG. 12( a ) is an isometric view of a bearing press-fitting device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0065] FIG12( b ) is an enlarged view of a partial structure of a bearing press-fitting device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0066] Fig.13 An axonometric view of an accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.14 An axonometric view of an accessory pre-assembly area in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0068] FIG. 15( a ) is an isometric view of an accessory preassembly device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0069] FIG. 15( b ) is an enlarged isometric view of an accessory grabbing manipulator in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.16 An axonometric view of an accessory assembly device in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.17 An axonometric diagram of a multi-station running-in unit for an axle in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0072] Fig.18 A digital information management flow chart of a railway vehicle axle digital assembly production line in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0073] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of a measuring position of a wheelset journal in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0074] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of a bearing inner diameter measurement position in one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 1-Figure 2 Middle: 1 Intelligent storage unit; 2 Intelligent logistics unit; 3 Digital inspection unit; 4 Bearing press unit; 5 Accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit; 6 Multi-station running-in unit;

[0076] 1-1 Automatic storage and retrieval vertical warehouse for wheels at the same temperature; 1-2 Automatic selection vertical warehouse for bearings at the same temperature;

[0077] 2-1 The first RGV trolley; 2-2 The second RGV trolley; 2-3 The bearing conveying and lifting device; 2-4 The AGV forklift; 2-5 The third RGV trolley;

[0078] 3-1 Wheelset journal measuring device; 3-2 Bearing inner diameter measuring device; 3-3 Digital re-inspection tool;

[0079] Figure 3 Middle: 2-3-1 bearing lifting mechanism; 2-3-2 bearing rotation device; 2-3-3 bearing ground conveyor line; 2-3-4 bearing lifting device; 2-3-5 bearing underground conveyor line;

[0080] Figure 4 Middle: 3-1-1 wheelset positioning and lifting device; 3-1-2 wheelset right side journal measuring device; 3-1-3 measuring device sliding track; 3-1-4 crossbeam; 3-1-5 wheelset left side journal measuring device; 3-1-6 track;

[0081] Figure 5 Middle: 3-2-1 frame; 3-2-2 bearing positioning and loading station; 3-2-3 bearing limiting mechanism; 3-2-4 bearing inner diameter measuring mechanism; 3-2-5 bearing conveying mechanism; 3-2-6 bearing limiting block; 3-2-7 bearing lifting mechanism;

[0082] Figure 6 Middle: 4-1 bearing turning device; 4-2 press-fitting platform; 4-3 wheel axle conveying track; 4-4 press-fitting robot truss; 4-5 electrical control cabinet; 4-6 bearing press-fitting device;

[0083] Figure 7Middle: 4-1-1 base; 4-1-2 bearing roller table; 4-1-3 first bearing positioning block; 4-1-4 bearing information identification device; 4-1-5 bearing turning and rear stop clamping mechanism; 4-1-6 second bearing positioning block; 4-1-7 rear stop;

[0084] Figure 8 Middle: 4-4-1 Truss; 4-4-2 Bearing grabbing robot; 4-4-3 Bearing manipulator;

[0085] Figure 9-11 Middle: 4-4-3-1 bearing push cylinder; 4-4-3-2 fixed seat; 4-4-3-3 manipulator reducing plate; 4-4-3-4 bearing gripper; 4-4-3-5 bearing push rod; 4-4-3-6 reducing cylinder; 4-4-3-7 bearing gripper fixing block; 4-4-3-8 rotating bearing; 4-4-3-9 bearing retaining ring; 4-4-3-10 pin;

[0086] Figure 12(a)-Figure 12(b) Middle: 4-6-1 press-fit cylinder piston rod; 4-6-2 ejector pin; 4-6-3 press-fit cylinder; 4-6-4 connecting beam; 4-6-5 detection device;

[0087] Fig.13 Middle: 5-1 guardrail; 5-2 accessory pre-assembly area; 5-3 accessory assembly device; 5-4 bolt final tightening device; 5-5 system control cabinet; 5-6 axle positioning lifting device;

[0088] Fig.14 Middle: 5-2-1 front cover and anti-loosening pad storage table; 5-2-2 accessory pre-assembly device; 5-2-3 bolt storage table; 5-2-4 laser engraving device; 5-2-5 shaft end accessory conveying device;

[0089] In Figure 15: 5-2-2-1 two-axis robot; 5-2-2-2 accessory grasping manipulator; 5-2-2-3 cylinder;

[0090] Fig.16 Middle: 5-3-1 pre-assembled robot base; 5-3-2 pre-assembled robot; 5-3-3 pre-assembled fixture;

[0091] Fig.17 Middle: 6-1 Multi-station running-in unit control cabinet; 6-2 Wheel axle running-in table; 6-3 Bearing positioning and lifting mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0093] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0094] If the words "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", "horizontal", "vertical", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like appear in the description of the present invention, they only indicate that the direction or angle is consistent with the drawing itself, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0095] The words "connect", "install", "fix", "set", etc. in the description below, unless otherwise specified, may refer to direct connection, installation, fixation, setting, or indirect connection, installation, fixation, setting, that is, the intervention of third-party materials is allowed; the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not subject to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the objects being described and do not have any order or technical meaning.

[0096] Embodiment 1:

[0097] According to the wheel axle assembly process, including intelligent warehousing unit, intelligent logistics unit, digital inspection unit, automatic bearing pressing unit, accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit, multi-station running-in unit, the various systems are combined into an organic whole through the information management system, and the overall production line is arranged linearly along the track.

[0098] Among them, the intelligent storage unit is used for isothermal storage and retrieval of wheelsets and bearings, automatic matching of wheelset bearings, information upload and data sharing of wheelset bearings; the intelligent logistics unit realizes the delivery of wheelsets, bearings and their required accessories;

[0099] The digital detection unit is used for online real-time data collection, monitoring and judgment during the axle assembly process, and uploads the information to achieve traceability of the production process, digital assembly of axles, information management of the entire life cycle, and intelligent matching of materials during the assembly process;

[0100] The bearing press-fitting unit can automatically place the input bearing into the press-fitting device and press-fit the wheelset bearing. It also has functions such as wheelset bearing press-fitting force detection, bearing clearance measurement, automatic press-fitting curve judgment and press-fitting data upload, which improves the press-fitting qualification rate and production efficiency.

[0101] The automatic assembly and bolt tightening unit for accessories integrates technologies such as robots, vision, and servo variable pitch, and can realize automatic identification, matching, and assembly of bolts, anti-loosening washers, and front covers, as well as printing of identification plates and tightening of bolts.

[0102] The axle multi-station running-in unit is used to realize the running-in and temperature detection of the product after assembly. The running-in temperature data is uploaded in real time and faults are automatically alarmed.

[0103] As a further implementation method, the intelligent storage unit includes a wheelset temperature automatic storage and retrieval warehouse and a bearing temperature automatic matching warehouse. The wheelset temperature automatic storage and retrieval warehouse can identify and record the wheelset coding information and upload the record to the information management system, thereby realizing flexible storage and retrieval of wheelsets according to a certain logic; the bearing temperature automatic matching warehouse can recognize and record the bearing identity information and upload it to the information management system, thereby realizing flexible storage and retrieval of bearings.

[0104] As a further implementation method, a wheelset axle journal measuring device is set after the wheelset is stored and retrieved in the same temperature warehouse. The axle journal measuring device measures and records the axle journal size and dust plate seat data and uploads the data to the information management system. The system sends the axle journal size information to the bearing automatic matching warehouse, matches the most suitable bearing out of the warehouse, and completes the pairing of the wheelset bearings.

[0105] As a further implementation method, the bearing isothermal automatic matching vertical warehouse includes a bearing isothermal warehouse and a bearing automatic matching warehouse, and a bearing inner diameter measuring device is arranged between the two. The bearing is placed in the bearing matching vertical warehouse through the measurement and recording of the bearing inner diameter measuring mechanism.

[0106] As a further implementation method, the intelligent logistics unit includes multiple RGVs, AGV carts and transmission tracks, wherein a first RGV cart is arranged between the wheelset isothermal storage and retrieval warehouse and the bearing pressing unit, a second RGV cart is arranged between the bearing pressing unit and the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit, and a third RGV cart is arranged between the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit and the wheel axle multi-station running-in unit. The transportation of the wheel axle assembly production process is realized through interconnection with the information management system; an AGV cart is arranged outside the production line to realize the transportation of accessories (front cover, identification plate, anti-loosening pad, bolts) and unqualified products.

[0107] As a further implementation method, the digital detection unit includes a wheelset journal measuring device, a bearing inner diameter measuring device, and a digital re-inspection tool. Automatic wheel set bearing pairing, information exchange, quality inspection, and data upload are realized, and the production process is traceable, which is used to ensure the assembly quality of railway vehicle wheelsets.

[0108] As a further implementation method, the bearing pressing unit includes a bearing turning device, a wheel axle conveying track, a pressing robot truss, a bearing pressing device, a protective net, and a control device; the bearing turning device is located on the left side of the system entrance, the wheel axle conveying track is located on the central axis and runs through the bearing pressing unit, the pressing robot truss is arranged above the automatic pressing system through a column, the bearing pressing device is located behind the bearing turning device, and is used for pressing bearings at both ends of the wheelset, the protective net is arranged around the pressing robot truss, and the electrical control cabinet is located outside the protective net.

[0109] As a further implementation method, the bearing flipping device includes a bearing conveying platform, a bearing information identification device, a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism, and a rear block. The bearing information identification device is located in the middle position of the bearing conveying platform, and the roller is driven by a motor, and the roller drives the bearing to rotate, and the bearing information is identified by a visual system; the first positioning block is located at the information identification device, and is used for bearing rotation positioning; the second positioning block is located at the end of the bearing conveying platform, and the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism is placed side by side with the bearing conveying platform; the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism is provided with a sensor for detecting whether the bearing is input in place, and the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism is installed with a flipping platform and a pressing assembly for automatic pressing of the rear block and the bearing.

[0110] As a further implementation method, the press-fitting robot truss includes a truss, a press-fitting six-axis robot, and a bearing manipulator. The press-fitting six-axis robot is fixed on the longitudinal beam of the truss, and slide rails are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal beam. The press-fitting six-axis robot can move along the slide rails; the bearing manipulator is installed on the press-fitting six-axis robot. The bearing manipulator includes a reducing plate, a reducing cylinder, three grippers, a positioning cylinder, and a visual system, which are used for automatic selection and grasping of the rear block and the grasping of the bearing.

[0111] As a further implementation method, the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit includes an accessory pre-assembly work area, an accessory assembly device, a wheel axle positioning lifting device, a bolt final tightening device, a system control cabinet, and a guardrail; the accessory pre-assembly work area includes a front cover and an anti-loosening pad storage table, a bolt storage table, an accessory pre-assembly device, a laser engraving device, and an axle end accessory conveying device; the accessory pre-assembly device is arranged on the left side of the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit, and the front cover and the anti-loosening pad storage table and the bolt storage table are arranged around the accessory pre-assembly device; the axle end accessory conveying device and the accessory pre-assembly device are placed side by side, and the laser engraving device is arranged behind the accessory pre-assembly device; the axle end accessory pre-assembly device automatically clamps suitable accessories for pre-assembly; the wheel axle positioning lifting device is installed on both sides of the track, and the track runs through the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit; the accessory assembly device is installed above and behind the wheel axle positioning lifting device, and a bolt final tightening device is arranged behind it; a guardrail is arranged around the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit, and a system control cabinet is arranged outside the guardrail.

[0112] As a further implementation method, a digital re-inspection tool is installed behind the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit. The digital re-inspection tool includes a bolt tightening torque detection wrench, which is used for bolt tightening re-inspection and information uploading.

[0113] The axle multi-station running-in unit is installed in a pit, located behind the digital re-inspection tool, and includes a wheel axle running-in platform and a multi-station running-in unit control cabinet; a bearing positioning and lifting mechanism is arranged under the wheel axle running-in platform; a V-block positioning device is arranged on the top of the bearing positioning and lifting mechanism for lifting and positioning the wheelset; the multi-station running-in unit control cabinet is used for detecting bearing temperature data during the running-in process.

[0114] As a further implementation method, the intelligent warehousing unit, intelligent logistics unit, digital inspection unit, bearing pressing unit, accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit, and axle multi-station running-in unit all interact with the digital management system to generate an electronic product history, achieve product traceability, and ensure product quality.

[0115] This embodiment provides a railway vehicle axle digital assembly production line, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the wheel axle assembly process includes an intelligent storage unit 1, an intelligent logistics unit 2, a digital detection unit 3, a bearing press unit 4, an accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5, and a wheel axle multi-station running-in unit 6. The entire production line is uniformly controlled through an information management system.

[0116] Intelligent logistics unit 2 includes multiple RGV and AGV vehicles, including:

[0117] The first RGV trolley 2-1 is used for transporting wheelsets between the wheelset isothermal automatic storage and retrieval warehouse 1-1 and the wheelset axle journal measuring device 3-1. The "wheelset" here refers to a whole formed by two wheels and an axle, and there are no bearings and axle end accessories. The bearing selection and press-fitting and accessory assembly are the work of this embodiment.

[0118] The second RGV trolley 2 - 2 is used for transporting the wheelset between the journal measuring device 3 - 1 and the bearing press-fitting unit 4 .

[0119] like Figure 3As shown, the bearing conveying and lifting device 2-3 includes a bearing lifting mechanism 2-3-1, a bearing turning device 2-3-2, a bearing ground conveyor line 2-3-3, a bearing lifting device 2-3-4 and a bearing underground conveyor line 2-3-5, which are used to transport bearings between the bearing temperature automatic matching warehouse 1-2 and the bearing press unit 4. During transportation, the bearing lifting device 2-3-4 is used to drive the bearing to be assembled to achieve lifting and lowering movement, thereby switching between the ground conveyor line and the underground conveyor line to achieve the function of connecting the ground conveyor line and the underground conveyor line. The bearing turning device 2-3-2 is used to change the conveying direction of the bearing. When the directions of the ground conveyor line and the underground conveyor line are different, it supports the bearing to switch between the ground conveyor line and the underground conveyor line.

[0120] AGV forklifts 2-4 are used to transport accessories and unqualified products.

[0121] The third RGV trolley 2-5 realizes the transportation of the wheel axle from the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5 to the wheel axle multi-station running-in unit 6 and the product offline.

[0122] The RGV and AGV mentioned above are both existing products, and their structures will not be described in detail.

[0123] Furthermore, the digital detection unit 3 is interspersed between the various units, and the wheelset journal measuring device 3-1 is set between the wheelset isothermal automatic storage and retrieval vertical warehouse 1-1 and the bearing press unit. After the first RGV trolley 2-1 transports the wheelset to the designated position, the wheelset journal measuring device 3-1 automatically recognizes the wheelset information through the built-in visual system. Figure 4 The wheelset positioning and lifting device 3-1-1 shown lifts the wheelset to the measuring position, and the wheelset right side journal measuring device 3-1-2 and the wheelset left side journal measuring device 3-1-5 automatically measure the journal diameter, cylindricity and dust shield seat diameter and cylindricity according to the position and method specified in the process, and obtain the measurement results. After the measurement is completed, the wheelset descends and flows to the next work area through the intelligent logistics unit 2. After automatically judging whether it is qualified, the data (shaft number, manufacturer code, production date, left and right end positions, journal diameter, cylindricity) is uploaded to the information management system and sent to the bearing temperature automatic matching warehouse 1-2.

[0124] In this embodiment, the wheelset axle neck measuring device 3-1 includes a measuring platform, a track 3-1-6 is provided on the upper surface of the measuring platform, a beam 3-1-4 is provided in the space above the track 3-1-6, a measuring device sliding track 3-1-3 is provided on the lower bottom surface of the beam 3-1-4, a wheelset left axle neck measuring device 3-1-5 and a wheelset right axle neck measuring device 3-1-2 which are movably connected are provided on the measuring device sliding track 3-1-3, and a wheelset positioning lifting device 3-1-1 is provided at the positions at both ends of the beam 3-1-4 on the upper surface of the measuring platform.

[0125] Furthermore, the automatic temperature matching vertical warehouse 1-2 for bearings can realize bearing data identification, input, automatic storage, temperature matching, and outbound storage of bearings, and can share data with the production line information management system and the HMIS axle station system. A bearing inner diameter measuring device 3-2 is set in the automatic temperature matching vertical warehouse 1-2 for bearings, such as Figure 5 As shown, the bearing inner diameter measuring device 3-2 is a prior art and is not limited in this embodiment.

[0126] The bearing temperature automatic matching vertical warehouse 1-2 automatically transports the bearing to the bearing positioning and loading station 3-2-2 of the bearing inner diameter measuring device 3-2. After the bearing limit mechanism 3-2-3 is opened, the bearing enters the bearing inner diameter measuring mechanism 3-2-4. The device automatically positions the bearing and measures the bearing inner diameter according to the process requirements. The bearing inner diameter information is automatically recorded and uploaded. After the measurement is completed, the bearing conveying mechanism 3-2-5 transports the bearing to the bearing lifting mechanism 3-2-7, and then enters the bearing temperature automatic matching vertical warehouse 1-2.

[0127] After the bearing isothermal automatic selection warehouse 1-2 receives the wheelset data information issued by the information management system, it automatically selects a suitable pair of bearings for delivery according to the data at both ends of the bearing inner diameter measured by the bearing inner diameter measuring device 3-2, and distinguishes the sizes of the two ends of the bearing inner diameter according to the subsequent pressing process requirements. The bearing turning device 2-3-2 is used to adjust the bearing 180 degrees horizontally, and the bearing ground conveyor line is used for bearing conveying 2-3-2, which is sent to the bearing pressing unit 4 via the bearing lifting device 2-3-4 and the bearing underground conveyor line 2-3-5.

[0128] In order to avoid interference between the bearings and the wheelsets during transportation, the bearing conveying and lifting device 2-3 is installed in the pit.

[0129] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the bearing turning device 4-1 in the bearing pressing unit 4 receives a pair of bearings conveyed by the bearing conveying and lifting device 2-3. Under the action of gravity, the pair of bearings roll along the bearing roller 4-1-2 in succession. The front bearing rolls to the first bearing positioning block 4-1-3 and stops. During this period, the bearing information is identified by the bearing identification device 4-1-4 and uploaded to the information management system. The rear bearing stops at the second bearing positioning block 4-1-6, and after the information identification of the previous bearing is completed, it enters the bearing identification device for information identification and upload again.

[0130] The two bearings enter the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism 4-1-5 in turn, and the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism 4-1-5 flips the two bearings 90 degrees. According to the size information of the dust plate seat, the corresponding rear block 4-1-7 is automatically selected and pre-installed on the end of the bearing. The clamping assembly on the bearing flipping and rear block clamping mechanism 4-1-5 clamps the rear block 4-1-7 through the cylinder action, and transmits the information to the information management system and the press robot truss 4-4 work area. The bearing grabbing robot 4-4-2 moves along the truss, identifies the bearing position information through the visual system, and the bearing manipulator 4-4-3 grabs the bearing and rear block 4-1-7 assembly, and sets it on the bearing guide sleeve of the bearing press device 4-6, and automatically clamps the bearing and rear block 4-1-7; the bearing manipulator 4-4-3 completes the assembly of the other end bearing assembly according to the above steps.

[0131] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the bearing flipping and rear stop clamping mechanism 4-1-5 is not limited, and the existing technology can be used to flip the bearing in a rolling posture to a posture that is convenient for rear stop installation, and then press the rear stop onto the bearing.

[0132] like Figures 9 and 10 As shown, the bearing manipulator 4-4-3 includes a bearing pushing cylinder 4-4-3-1, a fixed seat 4-4-3-2, a manipulator reducing plate 4-4-3-3, a bearing gripper 4-4-3-4, a bearing push rod 4-4-3-5, a reducing cylinder 4-4-3-6, a bearing gripper fixing block 4-4-3-7, a rotating bearing 4-4-3-8, a bearing retaining ring 4-4-3-9, and a pin 4-4-3-10.

[0133] like Fig.11 As shown, the manipulator reducing disk 4-4-3-3 has multiple groups of through holes evenly distributed along the center of the circle, and the through holes are arranged along the involute direction. The bearing gripper 4-4-3-4 has claws, and the shaft ends corresponding to the claws are slidably connected in the corresponding through holes. When the manipulator reducing disk 4-4-3-3 is pushed to rotate by the reducing cylinder 4-4-3-6, the through holes along the involute direction push the shaft ends of the claws to slide around the center of the manipulator reducing disk 4-4-3-3, so that the bearing gripper 4-4-3-4 can be clamped or released.

[0134] The bearing manipulator 4-4-3 is installed on the bearing grasping robot 4-4-2 through the fixed seat 4-4-3-2. The three bearing grippers 4-4-3-4 form a three-jaw chuck structure, which is driven by the reducing cylinder 4-4-3-6. The end of the cylinder push rod is connected to the manipulator reducing disk 4-4-3-3 through the pin 4-4-3-10, forming a mechanical linkage mechanism to drive the three bearing grippers 4-4-3-4 to clamp the bearing and have a self-locking function, which can effectively prevent the bearing from falling in the case of pressure loss. The bearing gripper 4-4-3-4 is installed with an intelligent detection switch to detect whether the gripper grasps the bearing. If the bearing is not grasped, an alarm is issued and the machine is shut down to wait for manual processing.

[0135] After the bearing is pre-assembled, the second RGV trolley 2-2 transports the wheelset from the wheel entry station to the bearing press-fit device 4-6. The bearing press-fit device 4-6 automatically lifts the wheelset to the center of the press-fit cylinder. The press-fit cylinders at both ends extend and position and lock the wheelset through the ejector pin 4-6-2. Then the press-fit cylinder piston rod 4-6-1 drives the bearing guide sleeve to press the bearing. The bearing clamping and rotating device can also be used to drive the outer ring of the bearing to rotate, and automatically determine whether the bearing is flexible in rotation based on the bearing rotation torque value. If the rotation torque T1 is greater than the set torque threshold T, the press-fitting must be stopped immediately and an alarm will be issued.

[0136] Bearing press fitting device 4-6 Figure 12(a)-Figure 12(b) As shown, it includes a press-fitting platform, and the wheel axle conveying track on the surface of the press-fitting platform is used to accommodate and guide the wheelset to enter the press-fitting area. Press-fitting cylinders 4-6-3 are arranged at both ends of the press-fitting platform. The press-fitting cylinders 4-6-3 and the press-fitting cylinder piston rods 4-6-1 are arranged in parallel. The ends of the press-fitting cylinders 4-6-3 are provided with ejector pins 4-6-2, and the ends of the press-fitting cylinder piston rods 4-6-1 are connected to the bearing guide sleeves through connectors. A connecting crossbeam 4-6-4 is provided on the top of the press-fitting platform for connecting the press-fitting cylinders 4-6-3 and the press-fitting cylinder piston rods 4-6-1 at both ends, and a detection device 4-6-5 is provided on the connecting crossbeam 4-6-4.

[0137] In this embodiment, the bearing clamping and rotating device is fixed to the front end of the press-fitting cylinder piston rod 4-6-1 of the bearing press-fitting device 4-6.

[0138] During the press-fitting process, the equipment automatically records the press-fitting curve, draws a composite curve of bearing displacement-pressure-holding time, automatically detects and records information such as press-fitting pressure, fitting pressure, fitting pressure difference and holding time during the press-fitting of the bearing, and automatically judges whether the press-fitting is qualified or unqualified based on the comparison of the press-fitting curve data with the standard curve data. If it is unqualified, the equipment automatically alarms and reminds. After the bearing is pressed, the detection device 4-6-5 automatically detects the distance from the end face of the outer inner ring (seal seat) of the bearing to the end face of the axle, the bearing clearance, and determines whether it is qualified. After the judgment is qualified, the detection data is automatically uploaded to the information management system. After the press-fitting is completed, the equipment automatically saves all the press-fitting information (including the press-fitting curve, etc.). The unqualified press-fitting curve cannot be overwritten and should be saved and printed together with the qualified curve after rework. The wheelset descends, and the second RGV trolley 2-2 transports the axle out of the press-fitting station.

[0139] like Figures 13 to 16 As shown, the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5 includes a guardrail 5-1, an accessory preassembly area 5-2, an accessory assembly device 5-3, a bolt final tightening device 5-4, a system control cabinet 5-5, and an axle positioning and lifting device 5-6. The accessory preassembly area 5-2 has an end cover and anti-loosening pad storage table 5-2-1, an accessory preassembly device 5-2-2, a bolt storage table 5-2-3, a laser engraving device 5-2-4 and an axle end accessory conveying device 5-2-5.

[0140] like Fig.14 As shown, in the accessory pre-assembly area 5-2, the accessory pre-assembly device 5-2-2 grabs the end cover from the end cover and anti-loosening pad storage table 5-2-1 and puts it into the shaft end accessory conveying device 5-2-5; by identifying the position of the bolt hole, the engraved identification plate and anti-loosening pad are grabbed in turn, stacked on the end cover and aligned with the bolt hole. The accessory pre-assembly device 5-2-2 grabs multiple (for example, three) shaft end bolts from the bolt storage table 5-2-3, dips a small amount of grease and inserts them into the bolt holes. After receiving the wheelset from the bearing press unit 4, the axle positioning and lifting device 5-6 realizes the self-positioning of the axle through the V-block structure, and lifts the wheelset through the cylinder. The visual system automatically identifies the shaft end marking information and checks it with the axle information transmitted in the production line data management system, and performs subsequent operations after determining that the information is consistent.

[0141] The AGV forklift 2-4 delivers the prepared end caps and anti-loosening pad storage table 5-2-1 and the bolt storage table 5-2-3 to the accessory pre-assembly area 5-2. The laser engraving device 5-2-4 automatically obtains the engraving content of the identification plate from the information management system for automatic engraving. After the engraving is completed, the engraving content is automatically uploaded to the information management system, and the identification plate is automatically transported to the pre-assembly position.

[0142] like Figure 15(a)-Figure 15(b)As shown, the accessory preassembly device 5-2-2 includes a two-axis robot 5-2-2-1 and an accessory grasping manipulator 5-2-2-2 connected to the end of the robot, and the accessory grasping manipulator 5-2-2-2 is driven by a cylinder 5-2-2-3 to perform lifting and lowering movements. The two-axis robot 5-2-2-1 is used to drive the accessory grasping manipulator 5-2-2-2 to achieve movement in two directions on the horizontal plane. The accessory grasping manipulator 5-2-2-2 is equipped with multiple groups of grippers with different grasping diameter ranges, which are used to grasp different types of accessories, such as grasping end covers, bolts, and anti-loosening pads, etc. Through the rotation movement of the accessory grasping manipulator 5-2-2-2, it switches to different accessories for preassembly.

[0143] like Fig.16 As shown, the accessory assembly device 5-3 consists of a pre-assembly robot base 5-3-1, a pre-assembly robot 5-3-2, and a pre-assembly fixture 5-3-3. The pre-assembly fixture 5-3-3 is fixed at the end of the pre-assembly robot 5-3-2, and a visual sensor is installed on it. The pre-assembly robot 5-3-2 is fixed to the ground through the pre-assembly robot base 5-3-1. The visual sensor identifies the position of the shaft end bolt hole. The pre-assembly fixture 5-3-3 grabs the pre-assembled left and right end accessories and aligns them with the corresponding shaft end bolt holes, pre-tightens the bolts, so that all accessories are connected to the wheelset by bolts but not completely tightened. After completion, the third RGV trolley 2-5 automatically sends the wheel axle to the bolt final tightening device 5-4, performs the bolt final tightening, and fastens all accessories to the wheelset by bolts. The bolt final tightening device 5-4 is a prior art, which can use electric, pneumatic or hydraulic power and tighten the bolts at a set torque.

[0144] Further, such as Fig.17 As shown, the axle multi-station running-in unit 6 is composed of a multi-station running-in unit control cabinet 6-1, an axle running-in platform 6-2, and a bearing positioning and lifting mechanism 6-3. A digital re-inspection tool 3-3 is arranged between the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5 and the axle multi-station running-in unit 6 to complete the collection of basic information and processing information of bearings, wheelsets and accessories during the axle assembly process, information interaction, and product quality control, thereby realizing the digitization and intelligence of axle assembly.

[0145] Furthermore, the third RGV trolley 2-5 automatically transports the axle that has been completed by the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5 to the axle multi-station running-in unit 6. The system automatically identifies the axle information, and the bearing positioning and lifting mechanism 6-3 lifts and positions the bearing through a V-block, on which a temperature sensor is provided. The axle running-in station 6-2 starts to perform a running-in test, with the axle speed ≥200 rpm and the running-in time (≥200 rpm) ≥5 min. The system automatically and continuously detects and records the bearing outer ring temperature. After the running-in test is completed, the third RGV trolley 2-5 transports the axle off the line.

[0146] Embodiment 2:

[0147] The working method of the above-mentioned railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line comprises the following steps:

[0148] The intelligent storage unit stores the wheelsets and bearings to be assembled and matches the assembly information of the wheelsets and bearings;

[0149] The intelligent logistics unit transports the wheelsets, bearings and accessories to be assembled to the set location;

[0150] The digital inspection unit obtains the information required for wheelset and bearing assembly;

[0151] The bearing press-fit unit presses the bearing into the wheelset and acquires data during the press-fitting process;

[0152] The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit assembles the accessories into the press-fitted wheelset to complete the assembly of the wheelset and the bearing;

[0153] The multi-station running-in unit tests the assembled wheelsets and bearings and obtains temperature information during the test.

[0154] The working principles of the digital and information management system, data information interaction, and production process traceability of this embodiment are as follows:

[0155] like Fig.18 As shown, this is a flow chart of the process and digital information management of the digital assembly production line of railway vehicle axles. The wheelset information is identified by a code scanning device and uploaded to the information management system for archiving. Subsequently, the wheelset is transported by the first RGV trolley 2-1 into the wheelset temperature-controlled automatic storage and retrieval warehouse 1-1. An air-conditioning system is installed in the warehouse. The wheelset is kept at the same temperature after being stored for 8 hours. After the wheelset is taken out of the warehouse, it is transported by the first RGV trolley 2-1 to the wheelset journal measuring device 3-1. When measuring the axle diameter, the two sections 1 and 2 need to be measured separately.

[0156] like Fig.19 As shown, two points are measured on each section, and the measuring positions differ by 90 degrees. The arithmetic mean of the two points is the journal diameter of each section. 1 / 2 of the difference between the journals of the two sections is the journal cylindricity. The journal diameter is not allowed to gradually increase toward the end of the journal within the entire length. Measurement of dust shield seat diameter: The dust shield seat diameter measurement section is 3, and two points are measured. The measuring positions differ by 90 degrees. The arithmetic mean of the two points is the dust shield seat diameter.

[0157] After the measurement is completed, the data is uploaded to the information management system, and the information management system transmits the wheelset data (shaft number, manufacturer code, production date, left and right end positions, journal diameter, cylindricity) to the bearing temperature automatic matching library 1-2, and the data (shaft number, manufacturer code, production date, left and right end positions, dust plate seat diameter, roundness) is transmitted to the bearing press unit 4;

[0158] Similarly, bearings and wheelsets are put into storage simultaneously, and the bearing information can be automatically entered by using a barcode scanner to identify the QR code pasted by the bearing manufacturer. The QR code on the batch bearing certificate can be scanned to automatically enter the batch bearing information into the information management system and establish a verification information database, thereby realizing automatic verification of single set bearing information and batch bearing certificate information.

[0159] When an abnormality occurs in the information verification, the equipment can automatically alarm and push information reminders; then the inner diameter of the bearing is automatically measured by the bearing inner diameter measuring device 3-2, using contact measurement, and the measurement position is as follows Fig. 20 As shown, the measurement position is 15 to 25 + 20 mm from each end surface of the bearing, and two cross sections are measured respectively. Two points are measured on each cross section, and the measurement positions must be 90 degrees apart. After the measurement is completed, the bearing information is uploaded to the information management system; the bearing temperature automatic matching vertical warehouse 1-2 receives the outbound instruction, automatically matches the best bearing outbound according to the wheelset data information, and sends it to the bearing press unit 4;

[0160] After the wheelset and the bearing arrive at the bearing pressing unit 4, the wheelset is positioned and lifted by the lifting device, the bearing flipping device 4-1 identifies the bearing information, matches it with the outbound information, verifies it, and uploads it to the information management system for archiving, and after the bearing flips and the rear block clamping mechanism 4-1-5 reverses, the bearing grasping robot 4-4-2 automatically matches the appropriate rear block according to the bearing inner diameter size information, grasps the rear block 4-1-7, and realizes automatic clamping of the rear block and the bearing through the flipping mechanism and the rear block clamping mechanism 4-1-5, and then the bearing manipulator 4-4-3 grasps the bearing and puts it on the bearing pressing device 4-6. During the pressing process, the system records the pressing force, pressing curve, and measures the clearance; during the pressing process, the detection device 4-6-5 detects the bearing's rotation flexibility, and the bearing is pressed into place after the pressing is completed, and can automatically form relevant quality records for bearing pressing, and share data with the production line information management system.

[0161] The second RGV trolley 2-2 sends the wheelset to the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit 5. The accessory pre-assembly area 5-2 automatically identifies the wheel axle shaft end mark information and checks it with the wheel axle information transmitted by the information management system. After automatically determining that the information is consistent, the subsequent accessory pre-assembly and bolt tightening operations are carried out. After the bolts are tightened, the digital re-inspection tool 3-3 is used to detect whether the tightening force is qualified, and the data is uploaded to the information management system. Unqualified products will issue an alarm, and the information management system will send instructions to the AGV forklift 2-4 to transport the unqualified products out. Qualified products enter the wheel axle multi-station running-in unit 6. The running-in system displays the ambient temperature, running-in temperature curve data, running-in time, and speed in real time, and uploads the data to the information management system to generate an electronic resume of the product and realize product traceability.

[0162] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway vehicle axle digital assembly production line, characterized in that: include: Intelligent storage unit, used to store wheelsets and bearings to be assembled and match the assembly information of wheelsets and bearings; Intelligent logistics unit for transporting the wheelsets, bearings and accessories to be assembled to the set location; Digital inspection unit to obtain the information required for wheelset and bearing assembly; Bearing press-fitting unit, used to press the bearing into the wheelset and acquire data during the press-fitting process; The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit is used to assemble the accessories into the press-fitted wheelset and complete the assembly of the wheelset and bearings; Multi-station running-in unit, used to test assembled wheelsets and bearings and obtain temperature information during the test; Among them, the bearing pressing unit includes a pressing platform, an axle conveying track is provided in the pressing platform, and a bearing flipping device is provided on one side of the axle conveying track. The bearing flipping device is used to flip the bearing to be assembled to a set installation angle and assemble it with a matching back stop. The robot is used to transfer the bearing with the back stop to the bearing pressing device in the middle of the pressing platform; the bearing pressing device uses ejectors arranged on both sides of the axle conveying track to realize the positioning of the wheelset to be pressed, and uses a pressing cylinder arranged in parallel with the ejectors to realize the pressing of the bearing and the wheelset.

2. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent storage unit includes a wheelset temperature-controlled automatic storage and retrieval warehouse and a bearing temperature-controlled automatic matching warehouse. The wheelset temperature-controlled automatic storage and retrieval warehouse identifies the information required for wheelset assembly and uploads it to the information management system; the bearing temperature-controlled automatic matching warehouse identifies the information required for bearing assembly and uploads it to the information management system.

3. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent logistics unit includes an RGV trolley, an AGV trolley and a transmission track, wherein: The first RGV trolley is located between the wheelset isothermal storage and retrieval warehouse and the bearing press unit, and is used to transport wheelsets and bearings to be assembled; The second RGV trolley is located between the bearing press unit and the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit and is used to transport the wheelset after the bearings are pressed; The third RGV trolley is located between the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit and the multi-station running-in unit, and is used to transport the assembled wheelsets to be run-in tested; AGV trolleys are used to transport accessories required for assembly, as well as unqualified wheel sets and accessories; The transmission track is used to support the operation of RGV and AGV.

4. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The digital inspection unit includes a wheelset journal measuring device, a bearing inner diameter measuring device and a digital re-inspection tool; The wheelset journal measuring device is located between the wheelset isothermal automatic storage and retrieval vertical warehouse and the bearing press-fitting unit. It obtains the journal data of the wheelset to be assembled and other data required for assembly according to the set process position and method, and uploads them to the information management system. The bearing inner diameter measuring device is located in the bearing isothermal automatic matching vertical library, and is used to obtain the data of the inner diameters at both ends of the bearing, and select at least one pair of matching bearings according to the wheelset journal data received from the information management system, and transport them to the bearing press unit using the intelligent logistics unit; The digital recheck tool is located in the multi-station running-in unit and is used to check the tightening torque of the fasteners in the assembled wheelset.

5. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing press-fitting unit comprises a press-fitting platform, in which a wheel axle conveying track is provided, the wheel axle conveying track is located on the central axis of the press-fitting platform and is used to receive the wheels to be assembled; a press-fitting robot truss is provided in the space above the press-fitting platform, the press-fitting robot truss is arranged in the space above the press-fitting platform through columns; a bearing turning device is provided on one side of the wheel axle conveying track; and a bearing press-fitting device is provided in the middle of the press-fitting platform.

6. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing turning device comprises a bearing conveying platform, on which a bearing information identification device and at least two groups of positioning blocks are provided. A pair of bearings to be assembled rolls in sequence along the bearing conveying platform under the action of gravity, stops at two groups of positioning blocks respectively during rolling, and obtains bearing information by passing through the bearing information identification device in sequence and uploading it to the information management system; A bearing flipping and back-stop clamping mechanism is provided at the end of the bearing conveying platform, which is used to flip the two bearings at least 90 degrees. After flipping, the corresponding back stop is selected according to the bearing information, and the bearing manipulator on the press-fitting robot truss grabs the back stops one by one and assembles them to the end of the bearing. The back stop is clamped by the bearing flipping and back-stop clamping mechanism, and the bearing manipulator puts it on the bearing guide sleeve of the bearing press-fitting device.

7. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing pressing device includes a pressing platform. Pressing cylinders are arranged on both sides of the wheel axle conveying track of the pressing platform. The pressing cylinders and the pressing cylinder piston rods are arranged in parallel. The pressing cylinders and the pressing cylinder piston rods are connected to the pressing platform through a lifting and moving mechanism. A ejector pin is provided at the movable end of the pressing cylinder. A bearing guide sleeve is provided at the end of the pressing cylinder piston rod. A connecting beam is provided on the top of the pressing platform for connecting the pressing cylinders and the pressing cylinder piston rods at both ends. A detection device is provided on the connecting beam.

8. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After the accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit receives the wheelset from the bearing press unit, the V-block structure in the wheel axle positioning and lifting device is used to realize the self-positioning of the wheel axle, the accessory pre-assembly device is used to align the accessories to be assembled, the accessory assembly device is used to pre-tighten the fasteners, and the bolt final tightening device is used to finally tighten the fasteners.

9. A railway vehicle wheel axle digital assembly production line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-station running-in unit receives the wheel axle assembled with accessories delivered by the third RGV trolley, and uses the bearing positioning and lifting mechanism provided on the wheel axle running-in table to lift the assembled wheel axle to a set height, and performs a running-in test, during which the bearing temperature data is obtained.

10. A working method of a production line according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The intelligent storage unit stores the wheelsets and bearings to be assembled and matches the assembly information of the wheelsets and bearings; The intelligent logistics unit transports the wheelsets, bearings and accessories to be assembled to the set location; The digital inspection unit obtains the information required for wheelset and bearing assembly; The bearing press-fit unit presses the bearing into the wheelset and acquires data during the press-fitting process; The accessory assembly and bolt tightening unit assembles the accessories into the press-fitted wheelset to complete the assembly of the wheelset and the bearing; The multi-station running-in unit tests the assembled wheelsets and bearings and obtains temperature information during the test.

Images