A reservoir ecological regulation method integrating fish spawning and foraging requirements

Abstract

The application discloses a reservoir ecological scheduling method which comprehensively considers fish spawning and foraging requirements, and comprises the following steps: determining a scheduling target river section based on fish habitat and spawning ground distribution information of a reservoir region to be researched; constructing a hydrodynamic model according to the scheduling target river section; obtaining first hydrological requirement information of a target fish in a spawning season and second hydrological requirement information of the target fish in a non-spawning season; determining a reservoir ecological discharge based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological requirement information and the second hydrological requirement information; determining reservoir water level regulation information based on water level change requirement information of the target fish in the spawning season and in the non-spawning season; and performing reservoir ecological scheduling according to the reservoir ecological discharge and the reservoir water level regulation information. The above technical solution can alleviate the adverse effects of reservoir scheduling operation on fish spawning and foraging, and is beneficial to the recovery of fish resources and the protection of biodiversity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of ecology, and particularly relates to a reservoir ecological regulation method integrating fish spawning and foraging requirements. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fish is an important biological group in river ecosystems, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of local biodiversity and the perfection of ecosystem structure and function. The realization of fish natural reproduction, foraging and other life activities is closely related to specific water temperature and hydrological processes. However, the change of water temperature and hydrological conditions caused by the operation of cascade reservoirs will affect the life activities of fish reproduction and foraging, and further affect fish diversity and resources. In order to alleviate the impact of reservoir operation on fish survival and reproduction, it is necessary to use reservoir ecological regulation to create suitable spawning and foraging habitats for fish resources and diversity protection. The existing reservoir ecological regulation usually only considers the spawning requirements, and does not consider the foraging requirements of fish in the non-breeding season.

[0003] However, there is no reservoir ecological regulation method that comprehensively considers the spawning and foraging requirements of fish. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a reservoir ecological regulation method integrating fish spawning and foraging requirements, which comprises:

[0005] Based on the fish habitat and spawning ground distribution information of the reservoir area to be studied, the target river section is determined; a hydrodynamic model is constructed according to the target river section, which is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section; the first hydrological requirement information of the target fish in the spawning season and the second hydrological requirement information of the target fish in the non-spawning season are obtained; based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological requirement information and the second hydrological requirement information, the ecological discharge of the reservoir is determined; based on the water level fluctuation requirement information of the target fish in the spawning season and in the non-spawning season, the water level regulation information of the reservoir is determined; according to the ecological discharge of the reservoir and the water level regulation information of the reservoir, the ecological regulation of the reservoir is carried out.

[0006] In the reservoir ecological regulation method integrating fish spawning and foraging requirements as described above, optionally, the determination of the ecological discharge of the reservoir based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological requirement information and the second hydrological requirement information comprises:

[0007] According to the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve of the scheduling target fish and a habitat suitability fuzzy rule are established; according to the hydrodynamic model and the habitat suitability curve of the scheduling target fish and the habitat suitability fuzzy rule, a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed; the habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season; and the ecological flow of the reservoir is determined according to the flow condition information.

[0008] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging demands as described above, optionally, the establishment of the habitat suitability curve of the scheduling target fish and the habitat suitability fuzzy rule based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information comprises:

[0009] According to the first hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season is established based on a single factor, and the first single factor has three types, namely, water temperature, water depth and flow rate; according to the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve of the scheduling target fish for foraging in the non-breeding season is established based on a second single factor, and the second single factor has two types, namely, water depth and flow rate; habitat suitability fuzzy rules for the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season are respectively established.

[0010] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging demands as described above, optionally, the simulation and analysis of the flow condition information required by the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season by using the habitat suitability analysis model comprises:

[0011] The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow information in which the suitable habitat area of the scheduling target river section meets a preset threshold condition when the scheduling target fish spawns in the breeding season and forages in the non-breeding season; the habitat suitability simulation analysis results of all the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season are integrated, and the ecological flow of the reservoir for the spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season and for the foraging of the scheduling target fish in the non-breeding season is determined by set union and combined with historical flow information of different months.

[0012] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating fish spawning and foraging demands as described above, optionally, the determination of the reservoir water level regulation information based on the water level variation demand information of the scheduling target fish for spawning in the breeding season and for foraging in the non-breeding season comprises:

[0013] According to the daily water level and flow variation and resource distribution water depth information of the natural runoff condition of the scheduling target river section, the water level variation requirement information of all the spawning and feeding of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season is determined; and the reservoir water level regulation information is determined based on the water level variation requirement information.

[0014] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating the spawning and feeding requirements of fish as described above, optionally, the first hydrological requirement information includes water temperature, water depth and flow rate.

[0015] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating the spawning and feeding requirements of fish as described above, optionally, the second hydrological requirement information includes water depth and flow rate.

[0016] The beneficial effects brought by the embodiment are as follows:

[0017] By determining the scheduling target river section based on the fish habitat and spawning ground distribution information of the reservoir area to be studied, constructing a hydrodynamic model according to the scheduling target river section, obtaining the first hydrological requirement information of the spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season and the second hydrological requirement information of the feeding of the scheduling target fish in the non-breeding season, determining the ecological discharge of the reservoir based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological requirement information and the second hydrological requirement information, determining the water level regulation information of the reservoir based on the water level variation requirement information of the spawning and feeding of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season and in the non-breeding season, and performing the ecological scheduling of the reservoir according to the ecological discharge of the reservoir and the water level regulation information of the reservoir, the adverse effects of the reservoir scheduling operation on the natural spawning and feeding of fish can be alleviated, and the recovery and diversity protection of fish resources can be promoted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of a reservoir ecological scheduling method integrating the spawning and feeding requirements of fish is provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 A habitat suitability curve of water temperature required for the spawning of Gymnocypris przewalskii is provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 A habitat suitability curve of water depth required for the spawning of Gymnocypris przewalskii is provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 A habitat suitability curve of flow rate required for the spawning of Gymnocypris przewalskii is provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 5 Suitable habitat areas of Gymnocypris przewalskii for spawning under different flow scenarios are provided for the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 6The hydraulic habitat index for spawning of thick-lipped naked double-lipped calves under different flow scenarios provided in embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] See Figure 1 This invention provides a reservoir ecological management method that integrates the needs of fish spawning and foraging. The method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 101: Based on the information on the characteristics of fish habitats and breeding grounds in the reservoir area to be studied, determine the target river section for scheduling.

[0027] The implementation of this step includes, but is not limited to: analyzing river sections with high natural habitat integrity and maintenance through habitat characteristics; analyzing river sections with important spawning grounds through early fish resource survey information and historical data; and determining the distribution location of target river sections for scheduling by comprehensively considering habitat characteristics and the distribution of important spawning grounds.

[0028] Step 102: Construct a hydrodynamic model based on the target river section for scheduling. The hydrodynamic model is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section for scheduling.

[0029] The implementation of this step includes, but is not limited to: based on the target river section determined by 101, and based on the water level and flow data of the upstream and downstream of the target river section, and integrating the topographic data of the target river channel (and the target river section), constructing a hydrodynamic model suitable for simulating the water depth and flow velocity of the target river section; and using the constructed hydrodynamic model to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section under different inflow and water storage conditions.

[0030] Step 103: Obtain the first hydrological demand information for the target fish species during the breeding season (spawning) and the second hydrological demand information for the target fish species during the non-breeding season (foraging).

[0031] The implementation methods of this step include, but are not limited to: comprehensively analyzing information from data surveys, early resource surveys, and hydrological conditions of the target river section under natural conditions; analyzing the hydrological requirements for the spawning season of the target fish species, including the distribution range of water temperature, depth, flow velocity, and daily water level fluctuations during the spawning months. The implementation methods of this step also include, but are not limited to: comprehensively analyzing fish feeding habits and the hydrological conditions of the target river section under natural conditions; analyzing the hydrological requirements for meeting the foraging needs of the target fish species during the non-breeding season, including suitable water depth and daily water level fluctuations for foraging during the non-breeding season.

[0032] It should be noted that the number of target fish species is determined first, and then this step is performed for each target fish species.

[0033] Step 104, based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, determine the ecological flow of the reservoir.

[0034] The implementation of this step includes but is not limited to: based on the spawning and foraging demand information of fish, the habitat suitability index curves of each target fish species in spawning and foraging are established respectively; then, the habitat suitability fuzzy rules of target fish species in spawning season and foraging in non-breeding season are established respectively.

[0035] The habitat suitability analysis model is used to simulate and analyze the flow conditions required by each target fish species in spawning and foraging in non-breeding season, and to determine the ecological flow of the reservoir.

[0036] Specifically: based on the aforementioned constructed hydrodynamic model and the aforementioned established habitat suitability curve and fuzzy rule of habitat suitability evaluation, a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed to simulate and analyze the flow information of each target fish species in the target river section when the suitable habitat area meets the preset condition during spawning and foraging in non-breeding season. The preset condition can be when the suitable habitat area is the maximum.

[0037] Integrate the habitat suitability simulation analysis results of all ecological scheduling target fish species in breeding season and non-breeding season, solve by union, and analyze combined with historical flow data information of different months to determine the ecological flow of the reservoir in fish breeding and non-breeding season.

[0038] Step 105, based on the water level variation demand information of target fish species in spawning season and foraging in non-breeding season, determine the reservoir water level regulation information.

[0039] Step 106, according to the ecological flow of the reservoir and the reservoir water level regulation information, carry out the ecological scheduling of the reservoir.

[0040] Through such design, the adverse effects of reservoir scheduling and operation on fish natural reproduction and foraging can be alleviated, and the recovery and diversity protection of fish resources can be promoted. In addition, in the implementation of reservoir ecological scheduling, the spawning and foraging demands of fish are comprehensively considered, which is very important for more scientific and effective reservoir ecological scheduling.

[0041] The following takes Banduo Reservoir as the implementation area to explain in detail the process of determining the reservoir ecological scheduling scheme considering the comprehensive fish spawning and foraging demand by using this method:

[0042] Step 1), determine the target river section.

[0043] The overall geomorphology of the river section from the county town of Maqu to the tail of Longyangxia Reservoir is mainly high mountain and canyon, the river channel is narrow, and the water flow is turbulent. The main fish spawning habitats are concentrated in the local wide valley river section, which includes the Lagazhen river section, the Banduo to Tangnaihe river section, and the Longyangxia Reservoir tail river section.

[0044] Through field investigation and collection of historical investigation information, the distribution information of fish spawning grounds is obtained, that is, the main fish spawning grounds in the main stream of the Cisha to Yangqu river section are: the Lagazhen river section spawning ground of the Yellow River, the Tuanzu village to Qushan town river section spawning ground downstream of the Banduo dam site, the upstream river section spawning ground of Kaligang Bridge, the Shanglujuan village river section spawning ground, the Tangnaihe village river section spawning ground, and the Yuhuxia river section spawning ground.

[0045] In summary, the scheduling target river section is determined to be the Banduo to Tangnaihe river section, that is, the distribution position of the Banduo to Tangnaihe river section is determined as the scheduling target river section. The method of determination can be that the scheduling target river section belongs to both the important fish habitat and the fish spawning ground.

[0046] Step 2), a hydrodynamic model is constructed, which is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the scheduling target river section.

[0047] After the scheduling target river section is determined, based on the water level and flow data of the upstream and downstream of the scheduling target river section, and integrating the topographic data of the scheduling target river channel (corresponding to the scheduling target river section), a hydrodynamic model suitable for simulating the water depth and flow velocity of the scheduling target river section is constructed. The hydrodynamic model can be a one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model. The method of constructing the hydrodynamic model is not specifically limited in the embodiment.

[0048] Through the constructed hydrodynamic model, the ecological limiting water level of Yangqu Reservoir is simulated and predicted to be 2710m, the planned design operation highest water level is 2715m, and the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the scheduling target river section under different discharge of Banduo Reservoir, such as 50-3000m 3 / s.

[0049] Step 3), the first hydrological requirement information of the spawning of the scheduling target fish in the breeding season is obtained.

[0050] The first hydrological demand information required by the fish in the spawning season includes water temperature, water depth and flow rate. Specifically, the suitable water temperature, water depth and flow rate are mainly determined according to the early resource investigation result. If no on-site investigation data is obtained, the suitable range of the water temperature, water depth and flow rate can be obtained according to the water temperature, flow and the like measured by the hydrological station of the fish in the spawning season located in the dispatch target river section under the natural condition. It should be noted that the method for determining the dispatch target fish is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application, and can be the prior art. The dispatch target fish determined in the embodiment includes 8 kinds, including the Thick-lipped Schizothorax, the Yellow River Paramastacme, the Yellow River Schizopygopsis, the Paramastacme, the Varicorhinus, the Spinibarbus, the Yellow River Osteobrama and the Extremal Hyporhamphus.

[0051] Generally, each kind of dispatch target fish has its own first hydrological demand information for spawning in the spawning season. According to the habitat investigation in the Cihaxia-Yangqu River section, combined with the calculation result of the birth date of the fry, the water temperature distribution range, the water depth distribution range and the flow rate distribution range of the various dispatch target fish when spawning in the spawning season are obtained, and then the daily average water temperature distribution range of the 8 kinds of dispatch target fish can be obtained, for example, 10.2-17.6℃, the average value is 13.4℃; the water depth distribution range is 0.18-1.9m, the average value is 0.60m; and the flow rate distribution range is 0.05-1.6m / s, the average value is 0.57m / s.

[0052] Step 4), obtaining the second hydrological demand information required by the dispatch target fish for foraging in the non-spawning season.

[0053] The second hydrological demand information required by the dispatch target fish for foraging in the non-spawning season includes water depth and flow rate.

[0054] Generally, each of the scheduled target fish species has its own second hydrological requirement information for foraging in the non-breeding season. The aforementioned eight scheduled target fish species are all fish species that mainly feed on periphyton and / or benthic invertebrates. Since periphyton and benthic invertebrates are generally distributed in shallow water and gravel habitats, in the non-breeding season of the scheduled target fish species, the beach and the central island of the scheduled target river section should be kept in a larger area of shallow water and gravel habitats. Considering that the light compensation point depth of the northern frozen river is generally about 1.5 m, in the non-breeding season, the habitat with a gravel bottom and a water depth of 1.5 m is more beneficial to the foraging of the scheduled target fish species. In this embodiment, the second hydrological requirement information for foraging of each of the scheduled target fish species in the non-breeding season is the same.

[0055] Based on the hydrological regime data of the Tangnaihai hydrological station section, the daily water level amplitude in the non-breeding season (such as from September to the following March) is statistically analyzed, and the results show that during 2002-2022, the daily water level amplitude of more than 99% of the Tangnaihai hydrological station section is in the range of-0.50m-0.50m. According to the daily amplitude, in order to ensure that the periphyton and other foraging food of fish can survive, it must be submerged in water, that is, it cannot be kept in air, and the minimum water depth required is 0.5m. According to the measured water depth and flow velocity relationship, the suitable flow velocity range for the growth and survival of periphyton and other foraging food of fish is 0.5-0.8m / s.

[0056] Step 5), based on the first hydrological requirement information and the second hydrological requirement information, the habitat suitability curve of the scheduled target fish species and the fuzzy rule of habitat suitability assessment are established.

[0057] The process of establishing the habitat suitability curve of the scheduled target fish species is as follows:

[0058] Based on the spawning requirements of fish (or the first hydrological requirement information), the habitat suitability index curves (or habitat suitability curves) of the water temperature, water depth and flow velocity required for the spawning of the eight scheduled target fish species in the breeding season are established, that is, each of the scheduled target fish species has its own habitat suitability curve for spawning in the breeding season.

[0059] Based on the foraging requirements of fish (or the second hydrological requirement information), the habitat suitability index curves (or habitat suitability curves) of the water depth and flow velocity required for the foraging of the eight scheduled target fish species in the non-breeding season are established, that is, each of the scheduled target fish species has its own habitat suitability curve for foraging in the non-breeding season. Since the eight scheduled target fish species are all fish species that mainly feed on periphyton and / or benthic invertebrates, the suitability index curve established can be applied to the eight scheduled target fish species.

[0060] Referring toFigure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 For example, taking the breeding period of Gobiomorphus australis as an example, water temperature less than 6.0℃ or flow rate less than 0.3m / s or water depth less than 0.6m is considered to be very low / very low (VL); water temperature between 5-8℃ or flow rate between 0.1-0.4m / s or water depth between 0.3-1.2m is considered to be low (L); water temperature between 6-16℃ or water depth between 0.9-3.0m or flow rate between 0.2-1.0m / s is considered to be medium / medium (M); water temperature between 13-17℃ or water depth between 2.1-3.9m or flow rate between 0.8-1.3m / s is considered to be high (H); water temperature higher than 15℃ or water depth deeper than 3.0m or flow rate higher than 1.1m / s is considered to be very high / very high (VH). VL, L, M, H, VH represent different levels.

[0061] The process of establishing fuzzy rules for habitat suitability assessment is as follows:

[0062] Specifically, habitat suitability fuzzy rules for spawning target fish to spawn in the breeding season and foraging in the non-breeding season are established respectively. The habitat suitability fuzzy rules for spawning target fish to spawn in the breeding season are shown in Table 1, and the habitat suitability fuzzy rules for spawning target fish to forage in the non-breeding season are shown in Table 2. It should be noted that the habitat suitability fuzzy rules for various spawning target fish to spawn in the breeding season are all shown in Table 1, and the habitat suitability fuzzy rules for various spawning target fish to forage in the non-breeding season are all shown in Table 2.

[0063] In the table, when any variable is “very low” (VL) or “very high” (VH), the suitability is “very low” (VL); when all variables are “medium” (M), a very high suitability (VH) occurs; when two variables are “medium” (M) and the other variable is not “very low” (VL) or “very high” (VH), the habitat composed of the three variables is also highly suitable (M or H) for spawning target fish to spawn. However, for example: when the water temperature is in the level “M”, and the water depth or flow rate is in the level “H” or “L”, the corresponding suitability is “M”, indicating that there is a compensatory effect between variables. However, for some cases, this compensatory effect will disappear, for example, when the water temperature is too low, although the other two habitat conditions are good, it is likely to be unfavorable for fish to spawn and reproduce. WHE (whatever), that is, when the water temperature is very low, no matter what the water depth and flow rate are, the suitability is low. HSI (Habitat Suitability Index, Habitat Suitability Index).

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Step 6), using habitat suitability analysis model, simulating and analyzing the flow information required by the spawning target fish to spawn in the spawning season and forage in the non-spawning season, and determining the ecological flow of the reservoir.

[0070] Based on the hydrodynamic model constructed in step 2) and the habitat suitability curve and the fuzzy rule for habitat suitability evaluation established in step 5), a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed to simulate and analyze the flow information of each scheduling target fish when the suitable habitat area of the scheduling target river reaches the preset threshold condition in the spawning season and foraging in the non-spawning season. The preset threshold condition can be when the suitable habitat area is the largest. The method used in the construction can be CASiMiR (Computer Aided Simulation Model for Instream Flow Regulations) and the like, and the present embodiment does not specifically limit the method used in the construction of the model, which can be an existing method. In the construction of the habitat suitability analysis model, it can be based on the hydrodynamic model, the habitat suitability curves of the eight scheduling target fish, and the fuzzy rule for habitat suitability evaluation. The habitat suitability curves of the eight scheduling target fish include the habitat suitability curves of the eight scheduling target fish spawning in the spawning season and foraging in the non-spawning season. The fuzzy rule for habitat suitability evaluation includes the fuzzy rule for habitat suitability of the scheduling target fish spawning in the spawning season and the fuzzy rule for habitat suitability of the scheduling target fish foraging in the non-spawning season.

[0071] In application, through the constructed habitat suitability analysis model, the flow and water level information of each scheduling target fish spawning in the spawning season or foraging in the non-spawning season can be input as input, and the suitable habitat area WUA and HHS under different flow and water level conditions can be obtained. Taking the thick-lipped bare-lipped fish as an example, the relationship between the suitable habitat area (Weighted Usable Area, WUA) and the flow and water level in natural reproduction is shown in FIG. 8, and the relationship between the suitable habitat area (HHS, Habitat Habitat Suitability) and the flow and water level in natural reproduction is shown in FIG. 9. Figure 5 Figure 5 In the 2710m water level condition, when the flow is in the range of 150m 3 ​WUA is maximum at a flow rate of 170 m³ / s; under a water level of 2715 m, WUA is maximum at a flow rate of 170 m³ / s. 3 At a flow rate of / s, WUA is at its maximum. For the relationship between the Hydraulic Habitat Suitability Index (HHS) and flow rate and water level during the natural breeding period of the Thick-lipped Barnfish, see [reference needed]. Figure 6 As shown, in Figure 6 In the case of a water level of 2710m, when the flow rate is between 80-170m³ / h 3 The HHS value is highest at a range of 0.23 between 140-200 m / s; at a water level of 2715 m, the value is highest at 140-200 m / s. 3 The HHS value is highest at 0.14 when the flow rate is between 80-170 m³ / s. One method to determine ecological flow is to find the intersection of these values. For example, under the aforementioned water level condition of 2710 m, when the flow rate is between 80-170 m³ / s... 3 The HHS value is highest when the flow rate is between 150 m³ / s; it is highest when the flow rate is between 150 m³ / s. 3 When WUA is at its maximum at / s, the final ecological flow is 150-170m. 3 / s.

[0072] Integrating the results of habitat suitability simulation analysis for eight different target fish species during spawning season and foraging season, and using union solution and analysis of historical flow data from different months, the suitable discharge flow range for Bando Reservoir during the main breeding season (April-June) or secondary breeding season (July-August) was determined to be 130-510 m³ / h. 3 / s, with a suitable minimum discharge flow rate of 130m³ / s. 3 / s; During the non-breeding season (September to March of the following year), the suitable discharge flow range for Bando is 56-510 m³ / s. 3 / s, the suitable minimum discharge flow rate is 56m³ / s. 3 / s.

[0073] Step 7) Based on the information on the daily water level changes required by the target fish species for spawning during the breeding season and foraging during the non-breeding season, determine the water level control information required by the target fish species for spawning during the breeding season and foraging during the non-breeding season.

[0074] Based on the daily water level and flow variations under natural or near-natural runoff conditions in the target river section downstream of the Bando Dam, as well as the water depth and early resource distribution data, this study analyzes the demand for daily water level variations during the breeding and foraging seasons of eight main target fish species. The proposed water level control information for the Bando Reservoir is as follows: During the main breeding season (April-June), the diurnal and hourly variations in water level at the tail of the Yangqu Reservoir downstream of the Bando Dam and in the upstream section should be less than 0.7 m, and the diurnal and hourly variations in flow should be less than 463 m³. 3 / s; in the secondary breeding period (July-August), the daily average amplitude and hourly amplitude of water level at the tail of Yangqu reservoir and the upstream river segment downstream of Bando dam should be less than 1.30m, and the daily average amplitude and hourly amplitude of flow should be less than 650m 3 / s; in the non-breeding period (September-March of next year), the daily average amplitude and hourly amplitude of water level at the tail of Yangqu reservoir and the upstream river segment downstream of Bando dam should be less than 0.50m, and the daily average amplitude and hourly amplitude of flow should be less than 311m 3 / s.

[0075] Step 8), comprehensive scheduling target fish spawning and foraging period of reservoir discharge and water level control information, carry out reservoir ecological scheduling.

[0076] According to the analysis results of steps 6) and 7), the ecological scheduling parameters of comprehensive fish spawning and foraging requirements of Bando reservoir are obtained, and see table 3. According to the ecological scheduling parameters, the ecological scheduling of the reservoir is carried out.

[0077] Table 3

[0078]

[0079] It can be known from the technical common sense that the present application can be realized by other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are just examples in all aspects, and are not the only ones. All changes within the scope of the present application or within the scope equivalent to the present application are included in the present application.

Claims

1. A reservoir ecological management method that integrates the needs of fish spawning and foraging, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the information on the characteristics of fish habitats and breeding grounds in the reservoir area to be studied, the target river section for scheduling is determined. A hydrodynamic model is constructed based on the target river section for scheduling, and the hydrodynamic model is used to simulate and predict the water depth and flow velocity distribution information of the target river section for scheduling. Acquire the first hydrological demand information of the target fish species during the breeding season for spawning and the second hydrological demand information during the non-breeding season for foraging. Based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information, and the second hydrological demand information, the ecological discharge flow from the reservoir is determined. Based on the water level change requirements of the target fish species during the breeding season and foraging season, the reservoir water level regulation information is determined. Based on the ecological discharge flow from the reservoir and the reservoir water level regulation information, ecological scheduling of the reservoir is carried out. The step of determining the reservoir discharge ecological flow based on the hydrodynamic model, the first hydrological demand information, and the second hydrological demand information includes: Based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information, establish the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rule for the target fish species to be scheduled. Based on the hydrodynamic model and the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rules of the target fish species, a habitat suitability analysis model is constructed. Using the habitat suitability analysis model, the flow conditions required for the target fish species to spawn during the breeding season and forage during the non-breeding season were simulated and analyzed. Determine the ecological discharge flow from the reservoir based on the aforementioned flow condition information; The method employs the habitat suitability analysis model to simulate and analyze the flow conditions required for the target fish species to spawn during the breeding season and forage during the non-breeding season, including: Using the habitat suitability analysis model, the flow information of the target fish species in the scheduling is simulated and analyzed when the area of ​​suitable habitat in the target river section meets the preset threshold condition during the spawning season and the foraging season. By integrating the results of habitat suitability simulation analysis of all the target fish species during the breeding season and foraging season, and by solving the union problem and combining historical flow information from different months, the outflow ecological flow of the reservoir during the breeding season and foraging season of the target fish species was determined.

2. The reservoir ecological regulation method based on the integrated needs of fish spawning and foraging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The step of establishing the habitat suitability curve and habitat suitability fuzzy rule for the target fish species based on the first hydrological demand information and the second hydrological demand information includes: Based on the first hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a first single factor is established for the target fish species to spawn during the breeding season. The first single factor has three components: water temperature, water depth, and current velocity. Based on the second hydrological demand information, a habitat suitability curve based on a second single factor is established for the target fish species to forage during the non-breeding season. The second single factor has two components: water depth and current velocity. Establish fuzzy rules for habitat suitability for the target fish species during the breeding season when they spawn and forage during the non-breeding season.

3. The reservoir ecological regulation method based on the integrated needs of fish spawning and foraging, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The process of determining reservoir water level control information based on the water level fluctuation requirements of the target fish species during spawning season and foraging season includes: Based on the daily water level and flow changes under the natural runoff conditions of the target river section and the water depth information of resource distribution, determine the water level change requirements of all target fish species for spawning during the breeding season and foraging during the non-breeding season. Based on the water level change demand information, the reservoir water level control information is determined.

4. The reservoir ecological regulation method according to claim 1, which integrates the spawning and foraging needs of fish, is characterized in that... The first hydrological requirement information includes: water temperature, water depth, and flow velocity.

5. The reservoir ecological regulation method according to claim 4, which integrates the spawning and foraging needs of fish, is characterized in that... The second set of hydrological requirements includes water depth and flow velocity.

Images