An optomechanical device and system based on a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip

Abstract

This application discloses an optomechanical device and system for a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, relating to the fields of laser cooling and atomic capture technology. The device includes a fiber splitting module, a metasurface module, and an atomic gas chamber. The fiber splitting module includes a laser, a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, and a fiber collimator. The laser outputs a first output light, which is input into the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler for beam splitting, the second output light formed is input into the fiber collimator for collimation, and the third output light formed is input into the metasurface module. The metasurface module includes several multifunctional metasurface chips manufactured using nanofabrication technology, which perform beam splitting, polarization conversion, and beam expansion operations on the third output light, and converge the formed metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber to cool and trap the atoms. By utilizing an integrated metasurface chip, the device is miniaturized, integrated, and low-cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser cooling and atom capture, and in particular to an optomechanical device and system thereof for a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip. Background Art

[0002] Since the 1980s, magneto-optical trap (MOT) technology has become a key player in the field of laser cooling, thanks to its exceptional cooling and atom-trapping capabilities. MOT technology can cool atoms to extremely low temperatures, near absolute zero, making it possible to explore the properties of matter at extremely low kinetic energy levels. To date, MOT technology has achieved remarkable success in laser cooling and atom trapping, and is widely used in cutting-edge technologies such as high-precision atomic clocks, quantum computers, quantum networks, and quantum memories.

[0003] Conventional three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT) systems utilize six orthogonal laser beams and a magnetic field generated by an anti-Helmholtz coil to capture and cool neutral atoms. However, the optical path design in conventional 3D MOT systems relies on complex laser devices, optical components, and precise alignment procedures, resulting in large system size, complex operation, and high maintenance costs. These issues limit the application prospects of conventional 3D MOT systems in the pursuit of miniaturized, integrated, and low-cost devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an optomechanical device and system of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which can realize the miniaturization, integration and low cost of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, comprising: a fiber splitting module, a metasurface module, and an atomic gas chamber;

[0007] The optical fiber splitting module includes a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, and an optical fiber collimator; the laser is used to output a first output light, and the first output light is input to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler; the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the first output light, dividing a beam of the first output light into two beams of second output light with the same intensity, and input the second output light into the optical fiber collimator; the optical fiber collimator is used to perform a collimation operation on the second output light, converting the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and inputting the third output light into the metasurface module;

[0008] The metasurface module includes a plurality of multifunctional metasurface chips; the metasurface module is used to perform beam splitting operations, polarization conversion operations, and beam expansion operations on the third output light to form metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber; the multifunctional metasurface chips are manufactured using nano-machining technology;

[0009] The atomic gas chamber is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted by the metasurface.

[0010] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure;

[0011] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization conversion functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization maintaining functions; the number of the second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0012] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting and polarization conversion operations on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of circularly polarized fourth outgoing light, and inputting each beam of fourth outgoing light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam expansion operations on the fourth outgoing light to form circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

[0013] Optionally, the first-stage metasurface structure includes two first-stage metasurface chips; the two first-stage metasurface chips are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and the two first-stage metasurface chips are mirror-symmetrically arranged about the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips; wherein, two second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and four second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the three beams of fourth emergent light generated by each first-stage metasurface chip are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between each beam of fourth emergent light and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°.

[0016] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure;

[0017] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization-maintaining functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization conversion functions; the number of the second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0018] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth outgoing light, and inputting each beam of fourth outgoing light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam expansion operation and a polarization conversion operation on the fourth outgoing light to form a circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

[0019] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure;

[0020] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion, and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of the reflectors is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0021] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and guiding each beam of metasurface outgoing light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

[0022] Optionally, the optical fiber splitting module further includes an optical fiber array; the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

[0023] Optionally, the material of the atomic gas chamber is quartz or high borosilicate; the shape of the atomic gas chamber is a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

[0024] In the second aspect, the present application provides a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, comprising an optical mechanical device, a first magnetic coil, and a second magnetic coil of the above-mentioned three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil are respectively located at the upper left and lower right sides of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil have mirror symmetry with respect to the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0025] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0026] This application reduces the complexity of optical path alignment and improves the integration of the device by integrating the fiber splitting module, the metasurface module and the atomic gas chamber into an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap; moreover, the metasurface module uses a multifunctional metasurface chip manufactured by nano-processing technology to realize the integrated design of the metasurface chip, which can reduce the number of optical elements required, thereby reducing the volume of the overall device, as well as the overall manufacturing and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber splitting structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first-stage metasurface structure, the second-stage metasurface structure, the atomic gas chamber, and the magnetic coil provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first-stage metasurface chip light splitting operation provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1: Laser; 2: Polarization-maintaining fiber coupler; 3: First fiber collimator; 4: Second fiber collimator; 5: First metasurface chip of the first stage; 6: Second metasurface chip of the first stage; 7: First metasurface chip of the second stage; 8: Second metasurface chip of the second stage; 9: Third metasurface chip of the second stage; 10: Fourth metasurface chip of the second stage; 11: Fifth metasurface chip of the second stage; 12: Sixth metasurface chip of the second stage; 13: First magnetic coil; 14: Second magnetic coil; 15: Atomic gas chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] The related art proposes a new three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface, which uses a wave plate to divide a laser beam into multiple laser beams with controllable circular polarization states. These beams have the same intensity and circular polarization, one of which propagates along the incident direction, while the remaining four beams are deflected 22.5° along the ±x and ±y axes relative to the incident beam. Through five mirrors, the five beams are intersected at the center of the magnetic field to achieve three-dimensional cooling and capture. The related art still requires a large number of traditional wave plates to adjust the optical path, and the adjustment and control of the light beam is not precise enough, and the volume is still large. Based on this, the present application provides an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which realizes high integration of optical components, miniaturization of the system, and improves the control accuracy and flexibility of the optical path.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip is provided, which includes: an optical fiber splitting module, a metasurface module and an atomic gas chamber 15; specifically:

[0039] The fiber beam splitting module includes a laser 1, a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 with a one-to-two splitting function, a first fiber collimator 3, and a second fiber collimator 4. The model of the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 is PMC-780-50-FA, and the models of the first and second fiber collimators 3 and 4 are AFC780-2.2-PC.

[0040] The laser 1 has frequency stabilization and frequency locking functions, and the first optical frequency of the laser 1 is an optical frequency related to at least one atomic transition; the laser 1 is used to output a first output light, which is usually linearly polarized light, and input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2; the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 is used to split the first output light according to a coupling ratio of 50:50 to form two beams of second output light, which pass through the first fiber collimator 3 and the second fiber collimator 4 respectively to realize the conversion of the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and obtain the third output light 1 and the third output light 2, and guide the third output light 1 to the first stage first metasurface chip 5, and guide the third output light 2 to the first stage second metasurface chip 6; at the same time, ensure that the polarization state does not change after passing through the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2, that is, the polarization state of the second output light is still linearly polarized light. The polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 is as shown Figure 3 shown.

[0041] The metasurface module includes several multifunctional metasurface chips manufactured using nano-processing technology. The metasurface core is composed of multiple nanostructure units. The function of the metasurface chip is determined based on the shape and phase of the nanostructure units and the spacing and arrangement between the nanostructure units.

[0042] Furthermore, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure.

[0043] The first-stage metasurface structure includes two first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization conversion functions; each first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform polarization conversion and beam splitting operations on a beam of third output light to form three beams of fourth output light. The power of the three beams of fourth output light after beam splitting by the first-stage metasurface chip is equal, and each beam of fourth output light is incident on a second-stage metasurface chip; wherein, Figure 4 As shown, the three beams of fourth outgoing light are divided into two beams of right-handed circularly polarized light and one beam of left-handed circularly polarized light. The angle between each beam of fourth outgoing light and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°, and the three beams of fourth outgoing light are perpendicular to each other.

[0044] The second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips with polarization-maintaining and beam-expanding functions. The second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform polarization-maintaining and beam-expanding operations on the fourth outgoing light to obtain metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center of the atomic gas chamber to form an area for cooling and trapping atoms. Through the coordinated action of the six second-stage metasurface chips, effective cooling and trapping of atoms can be achieved.

[0045] The atomic gas cell 15 is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted from the metasurface.

[0046] Furthermore, the diameter of the third outgoing light entering the corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 200μm. The second outgoing light propagates 20mm after passing through the first-stage metasurface chip. The third outgoing light reaches the second-stage metasurface chip with a diameter of 250μm. Subsequently, the second-stage metasurface chip expands the received fourth outgoing light from 250μm to a diameter of 5mm while maintaining the polarization state of the beam.

[0047] Furthermore, the first-stage first metasurface chip 5 is located on the left side of the atomic gas chamber, and the first-stage second metasurface chip 6 is located on the right side of the atomic gas chamber; the first-stage first metasurface chip 5 and the first-stage second metasurface chip 6 are mirror-symmetrically arranged about the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber 15.

[0048] Furthermore, the straight-line transmission distance between the centers of the six second-stage metasurface chips and the center of the atomic gas chamber 15 is about 2 cm, and the plane of the second-stage metasurface chip is about 1 cm away from the surface of the atomic gas chamber 15; among them, the second-stage first metasurface chip 7 and the second-stage sixth metasurface chip 12 are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber 15, and are arranged parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber 15; the second-stage second metasurface chip 8, the second-stage third metasurface chip 9, the second-stage fourth metasurface chip 10 and the second-stage fifth metasurface chip 11 are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber 15, and are arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

[0049] Furthermore, the atomic gas chamber 15 is made of quartz or borosilicate; the shape of the atomic gas chamber 15 is a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; and the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber 15 is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

[0050] Furthermore, the optical fiber splitting module further includes an optical fiber array, and the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

[0051] The present application proposes an optomechanical device for a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which optimizes the optical path system of a traditional magneto-optical trap using a metasurface chip, thereby replacing traditional lenses and wave plates. Compared with existing solutions, the combination of the first-stage metasurface structure and the second-stage metasurface structure replaces the reflective lenses, further reducing the volume of the magneto-optical trap system and improving the integration of the magneto-optical trap system. Moreover, by using the first-stage metasurface structure, the incident linearly polarized light of the laser needs to be divided into two beams of right-handed circularly polarized light and one beam of left-handed circularly polarized light, while controlling the power ratio of the three beams to be 1:1:1. After passing through the first-stage metasurface structure, while keeping the polarization state of the light beam unchanged, the light beam is expanded and all the light beams are hit in the center of the gas chamber, achieving efficient cooling and trapping of atoms.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, comprising the above-mentioned optical mechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, a first magnetic coil 13 and a second magnetic coil 14; the first magnetic coil 13 and the second magnetic coil 14 are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil 13 and the second magnetic coil 14 have mirror symmetry with respect to the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure; the first-stage metasurface structure includes several first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization maintaining functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes several second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization conversion functions; the number of second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of first-stage metasurface chips; the first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth outgoing light, and inputting each beam of fourth outgoing light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam expansion operation and a polarization conversion operation on the fourth outgoing light to form circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure; the first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of reflectors is three times the number of first-stage metasurface chips; the first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface output light, and guiding each beam of metasurface output light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface output light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above examples is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the concept of this application, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. An optomechanical device based on a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap on a metasurface chip, characterized in that: The optical-mechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip includes: an optical fiber beam splitting module, a metasurface module and an atomic gas chamber; The optical fiber splitting module includes a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, and an optical fiber collimator; the laser is used to output a first output light, and the first output light is input to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler; the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the first output light, dividing a beam of the first output light into two beams of second output light with the same intensity, and input the second output light into the optical fiber collimator; the optical fiber collimator is used to perform a collimation operation on the second output light, converting the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and inputting the third output light into the metasurface module; The metasurface module includes a plurality of multifunctional metasurface chips; the metasurface module is used to perform beam splitting operations, polarization conversion operations, and beam expansion operations on the third output light to form metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber; the multifunctional metasurface chips are manufactured using nano-machining technology; The atomic gas chamber is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted by the metasurface.

2. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization conversion functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization maintaining functions; The number of metasurface chips in the second stage is three times the number of metasurface chips in the first stage; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting and polarization conversion operations on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of circularly polarized fourth outgoing light, and inputting each beam of fourth outgoing light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam expansion operations on the fourth outgoing light to form circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

3. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first-stage metasurface structure includes two first-stage metasurface chips; the two first-stage metasurface chips are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and the two first-stage metasurface chips are mirror-symmetrically arranged about the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

4. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips; among them, two second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber; four second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

5. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three beams of fourth output light generated by each first-stage metasurface chip are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between each beam of fourth output light and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°.

6. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization-maintaining functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization conversion functions; The number of metasurface chips in the second stage is three times the number of metasurface chips in the first stage; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth outgoing light, and inputting each beam of fourth outgoing light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam expansion operation and a polarization conversion operation on the fourth outgoing light to form a circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

7. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion, and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of the reflectors is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third outgoing light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third outgoing light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface outgoing light, and guiding each beam of metasurface outgoing light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface outgoing light at the center position of the atomic gas chamber.

8. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber splitting module further includes an optical fiber array; the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

9. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the atomic gas chamber is quartz or high borosilicate; the shape of the atomic gas chamber is a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

10. A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, characterized in that: It includes an optical mechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip as described in claim 1, a first magnetic coil and a second magnetic coil; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil have mirror symmetry about the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

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