Early detection and management system for plant sunscald

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant sunscald early detection and management system. The system comprises a plant cultivation management unit used for providing protection for plants; the first detection unit is used for collecting a photooxidation damage area caused by excessive illumination on the surface of the plant; the first detection unit is used for multispectral polarized light analysis, the second detection unit is used for multispectral polarized light analysis, and the data processing unit is in communication connection with the first detection unit and the second detection unit. And the data processing unit is configured to adjust the spectral feature acquisition type of the second detection unit according to the color depth and distribution density of the photooxidation damage area acquired by the first detection unit. Compared with the prior art in which possible sunburn risks are predicted based on an established mathematical model so as to operate in advance, the system provided by the invention provides a flexible protection scheme through a dynamic adjustment function of the data processing unit, and a management strategy can be quickly updated according to real-time data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant disease management, and in particular to an early detection and management system for plant sunburn. Background Art

[0002] Sunburn is a plant injury caused by high temperature, low temperature or drastic temperature changes, which is closely related to sunlight. In hot seasons, sunlight directly shines on branches and fruits, and high temperatures will burn the cortex or fruit surface, destroy tissues, and in severe cases, can cause plant death. In cold seasons, sunlight during the day causes the temperature of branches to rise and cells to thaw; the temperature drops at night and the cells freeze. With the alternation of freezing and thawing between day and night, the cortical cells of branches and trunks are damaged, leading to the occurrence of sunburn. Sunburn is a physiological damage caused by excessive sunlight exposure to plants. Strong solar radiation and high temperatures can damage the cell tissues of plants, especially in fruits, leaves and stems. Common causes include: lack of proper shade, insufficient water, excessive pruning of leaves, etc. This disease usually occurs in areas with direct sunlight, causing brown or white spots on the fruit, affecting the yield and quality of the plant. Sunburn often occurs on new leaves and tender branches of shade-loving plants, seedlings or ornamental plants.

[0003] In the existing technology, sunburn often relies on the observation and experience of supervisors. For example, supervisors need to pay close attention to weather forecasts and take preventive measures in advance if high temperatures are approaching; observe the root neck of the seedlings that touch the ground and the part slightly above it at a high frequency, and take corresponding actions when burn scars appear. At present, protective measures mainly include using shade nets, adjusting planting density, and optimizing irrigation systems to reduce direct sunlight and overheating.

[0004] The prior art also proposes corresponding means for sunburn damage or prevention. CN 117253147A discloses a method for determining sunburn damage in crops. The application is based on remote sensing images obtained by different satellites in the same area, combined with satellite data band parameters, to determine the surface temperature and photosynthetic variation of each pixel in the area, thereby determining the sunburn damage results of each pixel in the area. CN 117973954A discloses a method for preventing fruit sunburn. The application establishes a mathematical model between sunburn determining variables and relevant environmental parameter data based on relevant environmental parameter data of a local area of ​​an orchard.

[0005] Although some methods for sunburn damage and prevention have been proposed in the prior art, such as the remote sensing image technology in CN117253147A and the fruit disease prevention model in CN 117973954A, these methods still have limitations. These public protective measures are often based on damage that has already occurred or predict situations that have not yet occurred, and lack accurate detection and prevention of early symptoms. With the advancement of intelligent plant cultivation, these methods are difficult to deeply integrate with advanced intelligent cultivation equipment. In particular, for plants that are damaged by sunburn in the early stages, it is difficult for existing technologies to achieve timely identification and intervention. This defect is mainly reflected in the lack of compatibility with intelligent systems, limited real-time data processing capabilities, and insufficiently comprehensive analysis of complex environmental parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more real-time and intelligent solutions to achieve more effective early prevention and control of sunburn.

[0006] In terms of protective measures, although physical shading equipment is effective, it lacks intelligence and networking functions, making it difficult to achieve automatic adjustment and real-time monitoring. When a relatively serious sunburn phenotype that can be observed with the naked eye appears, the equipment needs to be controlled by supervisors to provide shade protection for the plants, making it impossible for the equipment to respond to the early symptoms of sunburn in time (especially in the case of large-scale planting) and unable to make personalized adjustments based on the specific environment and plant needs. Therefore, a more economical and easy-to-operate solution is needed to improve the prevention and control of sunburn.

[0007] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventor studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a plant shading system based on plant phenotype, comprising a shading device, a first detection unit for collecting photo-oxidative damage areas on the plant surface caused by excessive light, a second detection unit for multi-spectral polarized light analysis, and a data processing unit. The data processing unit is configured as follows: the data processing unit optimizes shading parameters for the plant based on the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage areas collected by the first detection unit and the multi-spectral polarized light parameters of the second detection unit.

[0009] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a plant water supply system based on plant phenotype, comprising a watering device, a first detection unit for collecting photo-oxidative damage areas on the plant surface caused by excessive light, a second detection unit for multi-spectral polarized light analysis, and a data processing unit. The data processing unit is configured to optimize the watering parameters of the plant based on the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage areas collected by the first detection unit and the multi-spectral polarized light parameters of the second detection unit.

[0010] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a plant drip irrigation device based on plant phenotype.

[0011] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a plant disease early warning system based on plant phenotype, comprising an output end, a first detection unit for collecting photo-oxidative damage areas on the plant surface caused by excessive light, a second detection unit for multi-spectral polarized light analysis, and a data processing unit. The data processing unit is configured as follows: the data processing unit generates early warning information sent to the output end based on the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage areas collected by the first detection unit and the multi-spectral polarized light parameters of the second detection unit.

[0012] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application proposes an early detection and management system for plant sunburn, including: a plant cultivation management unit for providing protection to plants; a first detection unit for collecting photo-oxidative damage areas on the plant surface caused by excessive light; a second detection unit for multi-spectral polarized light analysis, and a data processing unit, the data processing unit being respectively connected to the first detection unit and the second detection unit in communication. The data processing unit is configured to: adjust the spectral feature collection type of the second detection unit according to the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit, wherein the data processing unit optimizes the plant cultivation management unit's protection scheme for plants including shading parameters and irrigation parameters based on the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit and the multi-spectral polarized light parameters of the second detection unit, wherein the shading parameters include shading parameters related to reflecting specific light bands, and the irrigation parameters include parameters related to water supply. Multi-spectral polarized light parameters are related to the spectral characteristics of photo-oxidative damage. Multi-spectral polarized light parameters can be used to analyze the spectral characteristics of photo-oxidative damage areas.

[0013] Beneficial effects of this technical solution:

[0014] As detection technologies continue to develop, hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging and drone monitoring. These technologies help identify areas where sunburn may occur by capturing changes in plant surface temperature and reflectance spectra, allowing timely management decisions to be made.

[0015] In the prior art, sunburn is often predicted by managers based on experience when weather and temperature are abnormal, or judged by sunburn spots that have already appeared on plants. The former requires high experience from managers, and there may often be errors in judgment when targeting different plants. The latter has a lag. When plants have large or dense spots visible to the naked eye, the plants are often already in a more serious course of sunburn. At this time, the remedial measures are limited and there is a risk of affecting plant growth and development.

[0016] Unlike the prior art, the present application realizes the early identification of plant sunburn by combining the first detection unit and the second detection unit. The first detection unit is responsible for collecting information on the photo-oxidative damage area on the plant surface caused by excessive light, while the second detection unit uses multi-spectral polarized light analysis to provide more detailed optical characteristics. This multi-level detection method can identify symptoms when they first appear, which helps to take protective measures in time to prevent further spread of the disease. In addition, combined with the results of multi-spectral analysis, the system is able to identify specific light bands that cause sunburn. This function allows the system to adjust the shading equipment in a targeted manner, isolating only harmful light bands while maintaining the plant's absorption of normal light, thereby optimizing the plant's growth environment. This will not affect the plant's absorption of normal light for growth, nor will it cause sunburn damage to the plant.

[0017] Different from the prior art that predicts the sunburn risk based on the established mathematical model and then performs operations in advance, the system involved in this application provides a flexible protection solution through the dynamic adjustment function of the data processing unit, and can quickly update the management strategy according to real-time data. This instant feedback mechanism is more adaptable and accurate than the advance intervention relying on model prediction, and effectively reduces the negative impact of sunburn on plant growth.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is configured as follows:

[0019] When the color depth of the photo-oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit is lower than the first threshold and the distribution density is lower than the second threshold, the second detection unit collects the light polarization parameters of a single band, wherein:

[0020] When the polarization degree calculated according to the polarization parameters of light in a single band collected by the second detection unit is greater than a preset third threshold, the plant cultivation management unit is controlled to increase the watering frequency to the first frequency and the water supply to the first injection amount.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is configured as follows:

[0022] When the color depth of the photo-oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit exceeds the first threshold or the distribution density exceeds the second threshold, the second detection unit collects multi-band light polarization parameters including near-infrared and visible light bands, wherein:

[0023] When the polarization difference index calculated based on the multi-band light polarization parameters collected by the second detection unit is greater than a preset fourth threshold, the plant cultivation management unit is controlled to increase the watering frequency to the second frequency and the water supply to the second injection amount, wherein the first frequency is lower than the second frequency, and the first injection amount is lower than the second injection amount.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is configured as follows:

[0025] When the color depth of the photo-oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit exceeds the first threshold and the distribution density exceeds the second threshold, the second detection unit collects hyperspectral polarization parameters including near infrared, red edge band, red light, blue light, and mid-infrared band, wherein:

[0026] When the polarization difference index calculated according to the multi-band light polarization parameters collected by the second detection unit is greater than a preset fourth threshold, the plant cultivation management unit is controlled to increase the watering frequency to the second frequency and the water supply to the second injection amount, wherein, based on the preset plant varieties, drugs / fertilizers for improving resistance are configured in the water provided to the plants.

[0027] Beneficial effects of this technical solution:

[0028] The configuration of the processing unit enables it to dynamically adjust the monitoring strategy of the second detection unit (collecting light polarization parameters) according to the color depth and distribution density of the photooxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit. When the photooxidative damage is below a specific threshold, the system will collect the light polarization parameters of a single band and adjust the number of waterings and the amount of water supplied to the plant according to the change in polarization. During the damage recovery stage, increasing the frequency of watering and the amount of water supplied will help to improve the moisture status of the plant in a timely manner and promote its self-repair ability.

[0029] When photo-oxidative damage is detected beyond a safe range, the system involved in this application can quickly switch to a management strategy with a higher frequency and water supply, ensuring that the plants get enough water when they are severely damaged, preventing further growth inhibition. Through this intelligent management, the system can flexibly adjust the water supply according to the actual needs of the plants, avoiding over-watering or under-watering, thereby improving the efficiency of water resource use.

[0030] In addition, automatically adjusting the watering frequency can not only provide more water support when needed, but also reduce unnecessary watering when the plant state is stable, saving water resources and reducing management costs. Reducing frequent watering measures can reduce interference with plant growth and reduce plant stress caused by excessive management. This technical solution makes plant cultivation management more efficient through precise and dynamic water regulation, thereby optimizing the intelligent level of agricultural management and avoiding inefficient management problems caused by insufficient or excessive monitoring.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the drug / fertilizer for improving resistance is obtained based on the biochemical components of the plant surface tissue identified by hyperspectral polarization parameters including near infrared, red edge band, red light, blue light, and mid-infrared band.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is configured to increase the data collection frequency of the first detection unit when the color depth of the photo-oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit is lower than a first threshold and the distribution density is lower than a second threshold.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the second detection unit is capable of correcting polarized light detection parameters in combination with the detection time.

[0034] Beneficial effects of this technical solution:

[0035] By combining the degree of deviation of the sunlight angle for correction, the system involved in this application can not only significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of the data and eliminate measurement errors caused by environmental changes (such as light fluctuations), but also enhance the sensitivity of monitoring, so that it can capture potential changes in plant health in a timely manner, especially in response to plant sunburn. Sunburn is usually caused by strong sunlight, which burns the leaves and affects photosynthesis and plant growth. By accurately adjusting the parameters of the light angle (with time as a reference factor), the system can more effectively detect the stress response of plants in high light intensity environments, and thus make corresponding management recommendations, such as optimizing shading measures or adjusting irrigation strategies.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the plant cultivation management unit includes an irrigation device for providing water to the plants, a shading device for providing shade to the plants, and an output terminal capable of providing a warning of photo-oxidative damage to the tissue to the management personnel.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the first detection unit is equipped with an automatic patrol unit for enabling the first detection unit to operate at high altitude.

[0038] The present application relates to a method for early detection and management of plant sunburn, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Collect the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage areas of plants;

[0040] Confirm the type of polarized light spectral feature collection based on color depth and distribution density to collect the photo-oxidative damage area and non-photo-oxidative damage area of ​​the plant;

[0041] Collect polarized light parameters of the photo-oxidative damage area and non-photo-oxidative damage area of ​​the plant;

[0042] A protection scheme for plants including shading parameters and watering parameters is optimized based on color depth, distribution density and polarized light parameters, wherein the shading parameters include shading parameters related to reflecting specific light bands, and the watering parameters include parameters related to water supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is an implementation method of the plant sunburn early detection and management system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is another implementation method in the operation of the shading device of the plant sunburn early detection and management system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a module diagram of the plant sunburn early detection and management system of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for early detection and management of plant sunburn of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a partial structural diagram of the shading device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a partial side view of the structure of the shading device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 is an example of the first detection unit of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 is an example of the second detection unit of the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 9 It is an implementation method of the plant sunburn detection and management method in the mild sunburn disease stage of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.10 It is an implementation method of the plant detection and management method in the moderate onset period of sunburn of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.11 It is an implementation method of the plant detection and management method in the severe sunburn disease stage of the present invention.

[0054] Reference numerals list

[0055] 100: plant cultivation management unit; 110: irrigation equipment; 120: shading equipment; 121: frame; 122: multi-layer shading material; 122-1: first reflection layer: 122-2: second reflection layer; 122-3: third reflection layer; 123: drive control component; 123-11: first roller; 123-12: first traction line; 123-13: first slot shaft; 123-21: second roller; 123-22: second traction line; 123-23: second slot shaft; 123-31: third roller; 123-32: third traction line; 123-33: third slot shaft; 130: output end; 200: first detection unit; 210: automatic patrol unit; 220: housing; 230: high-resolution camera; 300: second detection unit; 400: data processing unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] Color depth: The color intensity or saturation of the photo-oxidative damaged area in the image. It reflects the color information level of the area, which can be used to assess the severity of the damage. Generally, areas with higher color depth indicate more severe damage.

[0058] Distribution density: the number of photo-oxidative damage patches caused by excessive light on the surface of plant tissue per unit area. Generally, areas with higher distribution density indicate more serious damage. In the present application, the distribution density may be the ratio of diseased spot area to leaf area (%).

[0059] Spectral characteristics: Reflection or absorption characteristics of specific wavelengths or frequency ranges in the photo-oxidative damage area obtained through spectral analysis. These characteristics can help identify different types or degrees of damage and provide a more accurate basis for diagnosis.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] This embodiment provides an information system integrating sunburn disease detection and protection functions. Figure 1 , 4 As shown, the plant cultivation management unit 100 for providing protection for plants, a first detection unit 200, a second detection unit 300 and a data processing unit 400 are included.

[0062] According to a preferred embodiment, the plant cultivation management unit 100 is used to provide protection for plants.

[0063] The plant cultivation management unit 100 includes an irrigation device 110 for providing water to the plants. Preferably, the irrigation device 110 may be a drip irrigation device. The drip irrigation device can accurately control the amount of water, reduce water loss, and is suitable for plants that require uniform water supply. The drip irrigation device can directional select the plants for drip irrigation and the amount of water for drip irrigation. Preferably, the irrigation device 110 may be a sprinkler irrigation device. The sprinkler irrigation device can simulate natural rainfall, has a wide coverage range, and is suitable for large-scale planting areas. The sprinkler irrigation device is provided with a water outlet for controlling the amount of water and the direction of injection. Controlled by the data processing unit 400, the irrigation device 110 starts working in a directional and quantitative manner. For example: based on the instructions sent by the data processing unit 400, the irrigation device 110 provides quantitative water to a single plant with sunburn or the area where the sunburn plant is located. The quantitative water may be 50mL, 100mL or 200mL of water for drip irrigation to a single plant, or water spraying at 4LPH (liters per hour) within a range of 20psi.

[0064] The plant cultivation management unit 100 includes a shading device 120 for providing shade for the plants. The shading device 120 can reflect a specific light-reflecting band. Preferably, Figure 1 , 3 As shown, the shading device 120 includes a frame 121, a multi-layer shading material 122 and a drive control component 123. The material of the frame 121 is aluminum alloy. The frame 121 has the characteristics of being light and corrosion-resistant. The overall size of the shading device 120 can be customized as needed, for example, 3×2m.

[0065] For example: Figure 5 As shown, the frame 121 is arranged to protrude along the outer edge height direction of the top of the plant factory, and is used to provide support and lateral fixation for the roller. Figure 6 As shown, a frame 121 includes at least two sides with a difference in height. The drive control assembly 123 includes a roller, a grooved shaft rod 124 and a groove wheel. The roller unwinds the reflective layer. The roller is arranged in parallel with an outer edge of the top of the plant factory. Both ends of the roller are respectively connected to the oppositely arranged frame 121. The grooved shaft rod 124 is arranged in parallel with an outer edge of the top of the plant factory. Both ends of the grooved shaft rod 124 are respectively connected to the oppositely arranged frame 121. The roller is different in height from the grooved shaft rod 124. Preferably, the position of the grooved shaft rod 124 is higher than that of the roller. More preferably, the roller uses polycarbonate or stainless steel.

[0066] The side of the reflective layer is inlaid with a traction line, which is used to roll up the reflective layer. Figure 6 As shown, the reflective layer and the traction line are partially or completely rolled up on the roller. The two ends of the reflective layer inlaid with the traction line are respectively connected to the rollers arranged oppositely. Under the control of the rollers arranged oppositely (for example, the rollers rotate in the same direction), the reflective layer can form a dynamic movement of a circulating path while maintaining tension, such as Figure 2As shown. The roller can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Different rotation directions can control the reflective layer to be unfolded or rolled on the roller. Preferably, in order to maintain the tension of the reflective layer, traction wires are embedded on both sides of the reflective layer.

[0067] Different reflective layers of the multi-layer shading material 122 can reflect light of different wavelengths. The multi-layer shading material 122 can reflect light of a specific wavelength while transmitting light of other wavelengths. Figure 3 As shown, the multi-layer shading material 122 may include three layers: an ultraviolet reflection layer, an infrared reflection layer, and a full-spectrum reflection layer. The ultraviolet reflection layer, the infrared reflection layer, and the full-spectrum reflection layer are respectively coated with special coatings to improve the reflection effect. The multi-layer shading material 122 includes a reflection layer coated with a light-shielding film that reflects visible blue light. The multi-layer shading material 122 includes a reflection layer coated with a light-shielding film that reflects visible red light. Based on the cultivated plant variety or demand, the multi-layer shading material 122 is customized as needed. Controlled by the instructions sent by the data processing unit 400, the roller can selectively pull different reflection layers.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, the drive control component 123 includes an electric motor. The electric motor is arranged at the connection point between the frame 121 and the roller to control the steering movement of the roller relative to the frame 121. The electric motor drives the roller to rotate to achieve the unfolding and folding of the material. The drive control component 123 also includes a control component integrated on the electric motor. The control component is located in a protective box inside the shading device 120 or on the electric motor. The control component is responsible for receiving sensor data and adjusting the shading material. The WIFI communication component is integrated in the control unit to allow remote control and operation. Preferably, a solar panel is installed on the top of the shading device 120. The solar panel provides renewable energy for the entire system and realizes the automatic operation of the shading device 120.

[0069] The shading device 120 can also be a sunlight holographic spectrometer (e.g., a spectrometer and a light shielding plate coated with a light-blocking material) embedded in the top of the plant factory. Controlled by the instructions sent by the data processing unit 400, the shading device 120 selectively isolates light of different light bands by selecting light shielding plates coated with different light-blocking materials.

[0070] As Figure 5Taking the shading device 120 shown as an example, the first roller 123-11, the second roller 123-21 and the third roller 123-31 are arranged in sequence on opposite sides of the top of the plant factory. The first roller 123-11, the second roller 123-21 and the third roller 123-31 have a distance in the height direction of the plant factory. The arrangement order of the first roller 123-11, the second roller 123-21 and the third roller 123-31 and the distance between each other can be set based on demand. A reflective layer is rolled up on each roller. The first roller 123-11 rolls up the first reflective layer 122-1. The second roller 123-21 rolls up the second reflective layer 122-2. The third roller 123-31 rolls up the third reflective layer 122-3. The first reflective layer 122-1, the second reflective layer 122-2 and the third reflective layer 122-3 are coated with coatings that reflect light of different wavelengths. For example: the first reflective layer 122-1 is coated with a coating that reflects visible red light. The second reflective layer 122-2 is coated with a coating that reflects visible blue light. The third reflective layer 122-3 is coated with a coating that reflects near infrared light. Depending on the species of crops targeted by the plant factory, a number of rollers and reflective layers may be provided on the top of the plant factory. The first roller 123-11, the second roller 123-21, and the third roller 123-31 may rotate independently to define the position of the traction line.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the grooved shaft rod 124 is arranged in parallel with the first roller 123-11, the second roller 123-21 and the third roller 123-31 and its height exceeds the three rollers. The grooved shaft rod 124 is sequentially sleeved with the first grooved shaft 123-13, the second grooved shaft 123-23 and the third grooved shaft 123-33. The first grooved shaft 123-13, the second grooved shaft 123-23 and the third grooved shaft 123-33 have different diameters. The three grooved shafts with different diameters can be independently inlaid with traction lines from the side of the reflective layer for rolling up the reflective layer, that is, the groove of the first grooved shaft 123-13 defines the first traction line 123-12, the groove of the second grooved shaft 123-23 defines the second traction line 123-22, and the groove of the third grooved shaft 123-33 defines the third traction line 123-32. The three grooved shafts with different diameters are circumferentially provided with grooves for defining traction lines.

[0072] During use, if Figure 1 , 2As shown, after receiving the instruction from the data processing unit 400, the control component controls the electric motor corresponding to the first roller 123-11 to start working. The first roller 123-11 rotates clockwise, so that the first traction line 123-12 and the first reflective layer 122-1 wound on the first roller 123-11 are unfolded in opposite directions. The first reflective layer 122-1 maintains tension under the action of the traction lines set on both sides. After the first reflective layer 122-1 coated with a coating that reflects visible infrared light is unfolded, it covers part of the top area of ​​the plant factory, thereby achieving the purpose of reflecting visible infrared light in this area.

[0073] The plant cultivation management unit 100 includes an output terminal 130 that can provide early warning of photooxidative damage to tissues to managers. The output terminal 130 can be an application that can be installed in a smart phone. Under the control of the instructions of the data processing unit 400, the output terminal 130 in the form of an application sends a real-time early warning notification to the manager. The output terminal 130 can also be a field alarm. The output terminal 130 is installed in the planting area. When an abnormal condition occurs or is controlled by the instructions of the data processing unit 400, the output terminal 130 in the form of a field alarm emits a sound and / or light warning.

[0074] According to a preferred embodiment, the first detection unit 200 is used to collect the photo-oxidation damage area on the plant surface caused by excessive light. The first detection unit 200 includes a high-resolution camera 230. The first detection unit 200 is used to capture the image of the leaf surface to assist in identifying the damaged area. Preferably, the first detection unit 200 is configured as a portable camera unit. The first detection unit 200 includes a housing 220, a high-resolution camera 230 disposed in the housing 220, a data communication component, and a display and interaction interface. Figure 7 As shown in the right figure of , the housing 220 is configured to be convenient for the operator to hold. The data communication component supports Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections to facilitate data transmission to other devices. The display and interaction interface provides an intuitive user interface to display the collected data and analysis results. The display and interaction interface is also provided with options for basic operations, such as power on and off. Preferably, as Figure 7 As shown in the left figure of , the first detection unit 200 can also be equipped with an automatic patrol unit 210 for enabling the first detection unit 200 to operate at high altitude. The automatic patrol unit 210 is, for example, a controllable drone. The first detection unit 200 is carried on the drone. The operator can control the drone to fly over the area where the plants are cultivated. The first detection unit 200 collects phenotypic images of multiple or single plants over the area where the plants are cultivated. The first detection unit 200 transmits the collected data to the data processing unit 400 through the data communication component.

[0075] According to a preferred embodiment, the second detection unit 300 is used for multi-spectral polarized light analysis. The second detection unit 300 combines spectral imaging technology and polarized light imaging technology. The second detection unit 300 includes a spectral imaging component and a polarized light imaging component. The second detection unit 300 also includes a data processing component (such as an integrated chip). Figure 8 As shown, the polarized light imaging component uses a polarization filter to collect reflected light data of leaves at different polarization angles (such as 0°, 45°, and 90°). The reflected light data of the polarized light imaging component can be transmitted to the data processing unit 400. The reflected light data of the polarized light imaging component can also be processed by the data processing component. The data processing component calculates the degree of polarization (DOP) based on the reflected light data. The degree of polarization is used to determine whether there is microstructural damage on the surface of the plant (such as the surface of the leaf). The spectral imaging component captures the reflected light of the plant in different bands. The spectral imaging component analyzes the reflection intensity of each band under strong light irradiation and identifies the light band that may cause sunburn. Based on the identified light band, the data processing unit 400 can generate a corresponding protection plan. The protection plan includes using shading materials that filter the light band or reduce the light intensity of the light band to provide shade for the plant.

[0076] According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit 400 may include a controller. In some cases, the controller can be a microprocessor. In other cases, the controller can be a controller. Preferably, the microcontroller includes an integrated CPU processor core, a computer memory, a program memory and / or a programmable output or input external device.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This embodiment does not involve a spectral imaging component. In this embodiment, the data processing unit 400 can generate corresponding shading material selections according to different plant types or the time of sunburn occurrence based on the historical data stored in its memory.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the set frequency, the first detection unit 200 is handheld or carried by the automatic patrol unit 210 to collect plant images and transmit the plant images to the data processing unit 400. Based on the sunburn lesion images stored in the memory, the data processing unit 400 compares the plant images. Preferably, the sunburn lesion images are classified according to plant species. The data processing unit 400 uses the sunburn lesion images of the same plant variety for comparison. The plant variety can be information input by the manager through the input end, and sent to the data processing unit 400 through the device corresponding to the input end (such as a mobile phone).

[0080] like Figure 4As shown, when it is confirmed that the photo-oxidative damage area in the collected plant image belongs to the sunburn disease spot, the data processing unit 400 extracts the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area. The data processing unit 400 is configured to quantify the color depth and distribution density of the extracted photo-oxidative damage area. The first threshold and the second threshold can be confirmed by a quantification standard. The quantification standard can be set manually or retrieved based on a historical data table. The historical data table for the quantification standard is shown in Table 1.

[0081] Table 1

[0082] Carbon dioxide fixation pathway variety Color range (RGB value) Distribution density (%) C3 Plants wheat 200，180，100 5％ C4 plants corn 180，150，80 8％ C3 Plants Soybean 150，130，60 5.3％

[0083] In the present application, sunburn is divided into a mild onset period, a moderate onset period and a severe onset period. Based on the data transmitted by the second detection unit 300, the data processing unit 400 can refer to the following techniques and formulas to identify different onset periods of plant sunburn.

[0084] When the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit 200 is lower than the first threshold and the distribution density is lower than the second threshold, it means that the plant may not have sunburn spots or is in a mild sunburn disease period. At this stage, the optical properties of plant tissues change slightly. The polarized light imaging component needs to pay attention to the subtle changes in the polarization state of the light reflected from the plant tissue. The calculation formula (1) of the degree of polarization (DOP) is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, I || and I ⊥ Represents the light intensity parallel and perpendicular to the polarization direction respectively.

[0087] like Fig. 9As shown, when the polarization degree calculated by the data processing unit 400 according to the light polarization parameters of a single band collected by the second detection unit 300 is less than the preset third threshold, the data processing unit 400 increases the data collection frequency of the first detection unit 200. The color depth of the light oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit 200 is lower than the first threshold, the distribution density is lower than the second threshold, and the polarization degree calculated by the light polarization parameters of a single band is less than the preset third threshold, indicating that the plant tissue has not been damaged by the naked eye. The detection of polarized light also shows that the plant tissue has not undergone tissue changes caused by cell damage under the influence of high temperature, indicating that the current cultivation temperature and light have not yet caused sunburn to the plant. Considering the accumulation of temperature in the leaves, when the ambient temperature caused by light is higher than the estimated value, the monitoring effect of the plant state is increased by increasing the data collection frequency. When the polarization degree calculated by the data processing unit 400 according to the light polarization parameters of a single band collected by the second detection unit 300 is greater than the preset third threshold, the data processing unit 400 controls the plant cultivation management unit 100 to increase the number of watering to the first frequency and the water supply to the first injection amount. Taking tomatoes as an example, the watering frequency of a single tomato plant in the mild onset period of sunburn is once a day (first frequency), and 500 mL of water is poured each time (first injection volume). Preferably, the first frequency and the first injection volume should not exceed the frequency and water supply of conventional watering during tomato planting.

[0088] When there is a photo-oxidative damage area in the image collected by the first detection unit 200 and the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area exceeds the first threshold or the distribution density exceeds the second threshold, the plant may be in the moderate onset stage of sunburn. At this stage, the structural changes of plant tissues begin to become obvious, and the polarized light reflection characteristics change significantly. The calculation formula (2) for evaluating the polarization difference index (PDI) of plant sunburn is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, DoP NIR and DoP VIS Represent the polarization degree in the near-infrared and visible light bands respectively.

[0091] Different light bands can reflect the changes of different influencing factors in plant tissues. For example: changes in chlorophyll content, changes in the cell arrangement structure in leaf tissues, changes in water content, etc. When plant tissues have lesions that can be identified by the naked eye, considering the severity of the disease progression, artificial prevention and control measures need to be intervened.

[0092] Plants in the moderate stage of sunburn can rely on their own resistance to achieve the effect of slowing down the seedlings. Water and external light stress are the factors that may cause the disease to develop further. When the plant is in the moderate stage of sunburn, the polarization degree of the near infrared and visible light bands can be used to evaluate the water content and tissue changes in the plant leaves, thereby providing corresponding guidance for the irrigation equipment 110. For example: Fig.10 As shown, when the polarization difference index is higher than the fourth threshold value, the data processing unit 400 sends an instruction to the plant cultivation management unit 100, so that the irrigation device 110 can provide moisture to the plants at the set frequency and water volume, and the shading device 120 can provide shade for the plants. Preferably, the plant cultivation management unit 100 increases the number of waterings to the second frequency and the water supply to the second injection volume. The second frequency is greater than the first frequency. The second injection volume is greater than the first injection volume. Taking tomatoes as an example, the watering frequency of a single tomato plant in the moderate onset period of sunburn is watering twice a day (second frequency), and 750 mL of water is watered each time (second injection volume).

[0093] When the polarization difference index is lower than the fourth threshold, based on the instruction sent by the data processing unit 400, the shading device 120 of the plant cultivation management unit 100 provides shading for the plants. The higher the polarization difference index, the lower the moisture content in the leaves. Considering that some plants will close their stomata when affected by high temperatures and sunburn, for such plants, directly providing water without considering the environment of the plants and their surroundings will cause them to be "water poisoned", further causing the leaves to wilt. Taking corn as an example, when the polarization difference index is lower than 0.3, it means that it is facing water stress.

[0094] When there is a photo-oxidative damage area in the image collected by the first detection unit 200 and the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area exceeds the first threshold and the distribution density exceeds the second threshold, the plant may be in a severe sunburn period. At this stage, the optical properties change significantly and are easy to detect. The calculation formula (3) for the improved polarization index (MPI) for evaluating plant sunburn is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, DoP λi is the degree of polarization at different wavelengths, w λi is the corresponding weight.

[0097] Plants in the severe stage of sunburn have a strong dependence on environmental factors and are highly sensitive to environmental stress, requiring external intervention to help them maintain life and restore water-salt balance in the body. Therefore, external nutrient solution, water, light, and temperature are all important factors that affect plants in the severe stage of sunburn, and a detailed interpretation of the plant's own state is required to adjust the cultivation conditions. Therefore, for plants that may be in the severe stage of sunburn, the system involved in this application uses full-spectrum polarization detection (improved polarization index). Fig.10 As shown, the system confirms the specific wavelength band that causes damage to plants through the degree of polarization at different wavelengths. The shading device 120 can select the corresponding reflective layer through the specific wavelength band that causes damage to plants confirmed by the data processing unit 400. On the one hand, a plant factory equipped with a reflective layer can filter out specific wavelength bands and heat that cause damage to plants, and on the other hand, it can also allow some light wavelength bands that are beneficial to plant growth to enter the plant factory to help plants repair damage. For example: The light wavelength band that helps plants repair damage includes UV-A (450-495nm), which helps plants repair damaged cells by stimulating the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in plants.

[0098] At the same time, if Fig.11 As shown, while increasing the number of irrigation times to the second frequency and the water supply to the second injection amount, it is also necessary to configure resistance-enhancing drugs / fertilizers in the water provided to the plants based on the preset plant varieties. Drugs / fertilizers that improve resistance are, for example, sugar alcohol calcium or microbial preparations. Preferably, the drugs / fertilizers that improve resistance are obtained based on the biochemical components of plant surface tissues identified by hyperspectral polarization parameters including near-infrared, red-edge bands, red light, blue light, and mid-infrared bands. For example: the polarization degree of red light based on the hyperspectral polarization parameters can be used to analyze the chlorophyll content in the leaves. When the polarization degree of red light in the hyperspectral polarization parameters is higher than the preset value, the chlorophyll content in the leaves is lower than the standard value, then consider spraying water rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium foliar fertilizers on the plant leaves by spraying. The preset value is pre-set by the operator based on his own experience, or is set according to a historical data table. For example: if the polarization standard of red light is set to 0.4, and the actual polarization is found to be 0.5 (higher than the standard value) during monitoring, it is necessary to consider spraying foliar fertilizer mixed with 300mg / L potassium (K), 2000mgg / L nitrogen (N) and 500mg / L phosphorus (P).

[0099] Example 3

[0100] This embodiment relates to a spectral imaging assembly. In this embodiment, the data processing unit 400 can generate an instruction for selecting a corresponding shading material based on the strongest light band detected.

[0101] In this embodiment, the second detection unit 300 can correct the polarization detection parameters in combination with the detection time. Specifically, the data processing unit 400 can correct the polarization degree, polarization difference index and improve the polarization index according to the time of data collection.

[0102] The calculation formula (4) of the corrected degree of polarization (DOP) is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, I || and I ⊥ Respectively represent the light intensity parallel and perpendicular to the polarization direction; cosθ is the correction coefficient.

[0105] The calculation formula (5) of the corrected polarization difference index (PDI) is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Among them, DoP NIR and DoP VIS They represent the polarization degree in the near-infrared and visible light bands respectively; cosθ is the correction coefficient.

[0108] The calculation formula (6) of the corrected improved polarization index (MPI) is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, DoP λi is the degree of polarization at different wavelengths; w λi is the corresponding weight; cosθ is the correction coefficient.

[0111] The correction coefficient cosθ is chosen to adjust the effect of the incident angle of sunlight on polarized light imaging. Specifically, θ is the angle between the incident direction of sunlight and the normal of the plant leaf. When sunlight is incident at a larger angle, θ increases and coSθ decreases. In this application, cosθ can be obtained by relevant personnel based on local historical data or experiments, or it can be a data table set with time as the correlation, as shown in Table 2.

[0112] Table 2

[0113] time θ(degrees) cos θ 6:00AM 85 0.087 9:00AM 60 0.500 12:00PM 0 1.000 3:00PM 60 0.500 6:00PM 85 0.087

[0114] It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention description and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation of the claims. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A plant sunburn early detection and management system, comprising: A plant cultivation management unit (100) for providing protection to plants; A first detection unit (200) for collecting photo-oxidative damage areas on the plant surface caused by excessive light exposure; a second detection unit (300) for multi-spectral polarized light analysis, and A data processing unit (400), wherein the data processing unit (400) is respectively connected to the first detection unit (200) and the second detection unit (300) for communication, and is characterized in that the data processing unit (400) is configured as follows: The spectral feature collection type of the second detection unit (300) is adjusted according to the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit (200), wherein: The data processing unit (400) optimizes the protection scheme for plants including shading parameters and watering parameters of the plant cultivation management unit (100) based on the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit (200) and the multi-spectral polarized light parameters related to the photo-oxidative damage spectral characteristics collected by the second detection unit (300), wherein: The shading parameters include shading parameters related to the reflection of a specific light band, and the irrigation parameters include parameters related to the water supply.

2. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (400) is configured to: When the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit (200) is lower than a first threshold value and the distribution density is lower than a second threshold value, the second detection unit (300) collects light polarization parameters of a single wavelength band, wherein: When the polarization degree calculated based on the polarization parameters of light in a single waveband collected by the second detection unit (300) is greater than a preset third threshold, the plant cultivation management unit (100) is controlled to increase the number of watering times to a first frequency and the water supply to a first injection amount.

3. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The data processing unit (400) is configured to: When the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit (200) exceeds a first threshold value or the distribution density exceeds a second threshold value, the second detection unit (300) collects multi-band light polarization parameters including near-infrared and visible light bands, wherein: When the polarization difference index calculated based on the multi-band light polarization parameters collected by the second detection unit (300) is greater than a preset fourth threshold, the plant cultivation management unit (100) is controlled to increase the number of watering times to a second frequency and the water supply to a second injection amount, wherein the first frequency is lower than the second frequency and the first injection amount is lower than the second injection amount.

4. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (400) is configured to: When the color depth of the photo-oxidative damage area collected by the first detection unit (200) exceeds a first threshold value and the distribution density exceeds a second threshold value, the second detection unit (300) collects hyperspectral polarization parameters including near infrared, red edge band, red light, blue light, and mid-infrared band, wherein: When the polarization difference index calculated based on the multi-band light polarization parameters collected by the second detection unit (300) is greater than a preset fourth threshold, the plant cultivation management unit (100) is controlled to increase the number of watering times to a second frequency and the water supply to a second injection amount, wherein, based on a preset plant variety, a drug / fertilizer for improving resistance is configured in the water provided to the plant.

5. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drug / fertilizer for improving resistance is obtained based on the biochemical components of plant surface tissues identified by hyperspectral polarization parameters including near infrared, red edge band, red light, blue light, and mid-infrared band.

6. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (400) is configured to: When the color depth of the photo-oxidation damage area collected by the first detection unit (200) is lower than a first threshold value and the distribution density is lower than a second threshold value, the data collection frequency of the first detection unit (200) is increased.

7. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second detection unit (300) is capable of correcting polarized light detection parameters in combination with detection time.

8. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant cultivation management unit (100) comprises an irrigation device (110) for providing water to the plants, a shading device (120) for providing shade to the plants, and an output end (130) capable of providing a manager with an early warning of photo-oxidative damage to tissues.

9. The plant sunburn early detection and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first detection unit (200) is equipped with an automatic patrol unit (210) for enabling the first detection unit (200) to operate at high altitude.

10. A method for early detection and management of plant sunburn, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Collect the color depth and distribution density of the photo-oxidative damage areas of plants; Confirm the type of polarized light spectral feature collection based on color depth and distribution density to collect the photo-oxidative damage area and non-photo-oxidative damage area of ​​the plant; Collect polarized light parameters of the photo-oxidative damage area and non-photo-oxidative damage area of ​​the plant; A protection scheme for plants including shading parameters and watering parameters is optimized based on color depth, distribution density and polarized light parameters, wherein the shading parameters include shading parameters related to reflecting specific light bands, and the watering parameters include parameters related to water supply.

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