Research method of Tarim red deer population spatial distribution pattern

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for researching a Tarim red deer population spatial distribution pattern in the field of animal ecology. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, analyzing Tarim red deer wild population distribution characteristics; 2, analyzing forest environment characteristics of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat; 3, analyzing the spatial correlation between the Tarim red deer wild population distribution and the biological environment factors; step 4, tracking and analyzing the motion trail of the Tarim red deer; 5, analyzing the influence of habitat space distribution and abiotic factors on Tarim red deer wild population distribution; and step 6, evaluating habitat suitability of the Tarim red deer wild population. The method is reliable and accurate, and provides data support for construction of a Tarim red deer wild population protected area in the future by analyzing a Tarim red deer wild population space distribution pattern and habitat forest environment characteristics, using the unmanned aerial vehicle to track a motion trail of a red deer group, evaluating habitat suitability of a habitat and evaluating a potential suitable area of the habitat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of animal ecology, and in particular is a method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population. Background Art

[0002] The Tarim red deer is a subspecies of red deer endemic to Xinjiang. It is mainly distributed along the Tarim River and its tributaries. It is the only subspecies of red deer that lives in desert landscapes. Since the 1960s, with the development of the Tarim Basin and the intensification of human economic activities, its distribution area has rapidly retreated and its population has been decreasing. This subspecies was listed as an endangered species by the World Conservation Union in 1972 and was included in the Red Data Book.

[0003] Tarim red deer have unique adaptability to the desert areas of the Tarim Basin, that is, they are particularly resistant to extreme heat, drought, strong winds, and high salinity. They like to drink salty water with high mineralization and have a wide range of food. Under natural conditions, the original poplar forests, secondary poplar forests, shrubs and grasslands in the green corridor along the Tarim River are the main habitats for the reproduction of wild Tarim red deer. Pregnant female deer that have been domesticated for several generations are generally docile and cautious in their activities. They like to lick ice and snow in winter. They like to take water or mud baths in summer. They still retain the habit of their ancestors of being timid and easily frightened, and lactating female deer chasing their fawns.

[0004] In summary, a method is needed to accurately analyze the habitat of the Tarim elk while minimizing the impact on it, so as to facilitate its subsequent protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a research method for the spatial distribution pattern of the Tarim red deer population. By studying the forest environmental characteristics of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer, the spatial distribution pattern of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer is analyzed, the movement trajectory of the red deer herd is tracked by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, the habitat suitability of the wild population of Tarim red deer is evaluated, and its potential suitable area is assessed, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating the habitat protection strategy of the wild population of Tarim red deer, and provide data support for the future construction of the wild population of Tarim red deer protection area.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Analysis of distribution characteristics of wild population of Tarim red deer;

[0008] Step 2: Analysis of forest environment characteristics of Tarim red deer wild population habitat;

[0009] Step 3: Spatial correlation analysis between the distribution of wild population of Tarim red deer and biological and environmental factors;

[0010] Step 4: Tracking and analyzing the movement trajectory of Tarim red deer;

[0011] Step 5: Analyze the spatial distribution of habitats and the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of wild populations of Tarim red deer;

[0012] Step six: Evaluation of habitat suitability of wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0013] The principle of the basic plan is: based on common methods, investigate the size, number of individuals and distribution location information of the wild population of Tarim red deer, as well as the species, biomass and forest stand conditions of the forest environment of the wild population of Tarim red deer in its habitat, perform visual calculations to obtain the distribution area of ​​the Tarim red deer population and analyze the spatial correlation between the distribution of the wild population of Tarim red deer and biological environmental factors, and obtain a more intuitive coefficient of the influence of the biological environmental factors of the habitat forest species, biomass and forest stand conditions on the distribution of the Tarim red deer population, providing detailed and intuitive important data for the subsequent formulation of the Tarim red deer population protection plan.

[0014] Based on visualization calculation, the distribution area of ​​the Tarim red deer population was obtained, and several drone base stations were established. On the one hand, drones were used to participate in the red deer population survey and forest environment survey to obtain more intuitive image data and correct the deviation of ordinary species survey methods. On the other hand, drones were used to take over the short-term movement trajectory tracking of the Tarim red deer herd, and the animal behavior analysis of the Tarim red deer herd was carried out based on the GPS position change data and image data obtained by tracking. According to the living habits of the Tarim red deer, the research on the correlation between the wild population of Tarim red deer in the habitat and the biological environmental factors of the habitat was supplemented.

[0015] Based on the latest satellite remote sensing images, the effects of fragmented patches and human activity areas on the spread of wild populations of Tarim red deer were studied. The Vanderploeg selection index and Scavia selection index were used as indicators to measure the suitability of habitats for wild populations of Tarim red deer. Combined with remote sensing information data, potential suitable habitat areas were evaluated.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are: 1. This method uses a variety of survey methods to more comprehensively study the distribution characteristics of the wild population of Tarim red deer, the forest environment characteristics of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer, and the animal behavior of Tarim red deer, providing detailed data for in-depth research on the animal habits of Tarim red deer and the subsequent protection and spread of the wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0017] 2. This method uses a variety of analysis methods to obtain the intuitive distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer, the distribution characteristics of the forest environment of the wild population of Tarim red deer habitat, and the short-term movement path of the Tarim red deer, and based on these analysis results, calculates the spatial correlation between the distribution of the wild population of Tarim red deer and biological environmental factors, providing intuitive analysis data for in-depth research on the animal habits of Tarim red deer and the subsequent protection and spread of the wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0018] 3. This method makes full use of the characteristics of drones to participate in the investigation of the wild population of Tarim red deer and the characteristics of the forest environment in its habitat. Based on the calculated aggregation density of the wild population of Tarim red deer, a drone base station is reasonably established to track the movement trajectory of the wild population of Tarim red deer. The living habits of the wild population of Tarim red deer in the most authentic natural environment are restored without any disturbance, which improves the reliability of the research method and provides the most authentic data for in-depth research on the animal habits of Tarim red deer and the subsequent protection and spread of the wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0019] 4. This method uses the Vanderploeg selection index and the Scavia selection index combined with the latest satellite remote sensing images to evaluate the potential suitable areas of habitats, which will provide guidance for the formulation of the next step of the protection and spread plan for the wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0020] Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer were analyzed, and the implementation methods included field manual surveys, fixed-point observations with far-infrared cameras, and low-altitude population surveys with drones;

[0021] Field surveys were conducted manually. In the project area, several survey points were set up based on the forest stand conditions of the small groups and the historical information of the Tarim red deer in the project area. The survey indicators were the GPS location data and number of red deer footprints, feces, lying marks, and tree gnawing traces.

[0022] Far-infrared camera fixed-point observation: among several survey points, monitoring points were set up in areas with good forest growth, little human interference, and close to water sources. Far-infrared cameras were placed to capture images of wild populations of Tarim red deer and observe their number, size, and frequency of appearance;

[0023] Conduct low-altitude population surveys using drones. Establish several drone base stations and conduct low-altitude flight surveys with drones once a month. Use images to determine the size, activity frequency, and activity range of red deer populations.

[0024] The beneficial effect of the basic plan is that through the combination of three survey methods: field manual surveys, fixed-point observations with far-infrared cameras, and low-altitude population surveys with drones, more real and timely information on the wild population distribution of Tarim red deer can be obtained, which is an important data basis for the next step of visualization calculation and correlation analysis.

[0025] Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer were analyzed. The analysis methods included statistics and analysis of infrared camera image data, calculation of home range, integration of red deer population distribution areas, division of red deer population aggregation density and drone verification.

[0026] Statistics and analysis of far-infrared camera observation data, statistics of basic information on species, behavior, date, time, weather and location collected by the far-infrared camera, and training of the first convolutional neural network using the image data taken by the far-infrared camera. The first convolutional neural network is used to eliminate empty photos or photos without animals and realize rapid automatic species identification;

[0027] Home range calculation: The home range analysis module of ArcGIS, a geographic information software, was used to calculate the home range of red deer based on the GPS location data of red deer feces and the infrared camera observation data;

[0028] The red deer population distribution area was integrated. Through the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, a circular extension area with a radius of the red deer home range was formed along each trace point. The extension area of ​​each trace point was integrated and the occasional diffusion area was removed to present the red deer population distribution area.

[0029] The red deer population density is divided into three types: high, medium and low density clusters after the average density of the red deer population distribution area is divided. The area with the highest density is the population cluster center.

[0030] Drone verification uses drone-observed images of red deer population size, activity frequency and activity range to correct deviations in the division of red deer population distribution areas and red deer population aggregation density.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: through the first convolutional neural network recognition and multiple visualization calculations, an intuitive image of the distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer can be obtained, and a drone base station can be established based on the image of the distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer, and the drone survey method can be optimized. The drone survey results repeatedly correct the deviation of the image of the distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer, and can continuously accurately determine the location and range of the distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the relevant results finally obtained.

[0032] Furthermore, the drone base station includes a base column, a standby station is fixedly connected to the upper part of the base column, a solar canopy is fixedly connected to the top of the base column, a battery and a controller are arranged inside the base column, a plurality of magnetic charging seats are fixedly connected to the standby station in a centrally symmetrical manner, drones are magnetically attracted to the magnetic charging seats, the solar canopy, the battery and the magnetic charging seat are electrically connected in sequence, and the controller is connected to the drone signal;

[0033] The controller includes a drone locator and an image storage device. The drone locator is used to obtain the GPS location data of the departing drone, and the image storage device is used to transfer the image data taken by the charging drone through the magnetic charging base.

[0034] Site selection method for UAV base stations: Based on the fused red deer population distribution area, a UAV patrol area is formed with the UAV's single patrol radius, so that the UAV patrol areas do not overlap with each other. UAV base stations are established along the red deer population density dividing line, and the number of UAV base stations decreases as the red deer population density decreases.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are: establishing drone base stations based on the images of the distribution area of ​​the wild population of Tarim red deer can optimize the distribution plan of drone base stations and reduce research costs. The drone's patrol survey avoids the interference of ground-based surveys and restores the survey results of the wild population of Tarim red deer in a real natural environment.

[0036] Furthermore, the forest environment characteristics of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat were analyzed, and the implementation methods included vegetation species sample survey, vegetation biomass measurement and low-altitude vegetation survey by drone;

[0037] The vegetation species plot survey, according to the frequency of occurrence, population size, activity range and other factors of the wild population of Tarim red deer, selected several fixed monitoring plots in the survey points. The monitoring plot size was 50m×50m. The trees and shrubs with a breast diameter of more than 5cm were surveyed. Five herb survey plots were set in each monitoring plot for herb survey. The herb survey plot size was 1m×1m. Dominant herbaceous plant samples were collected in each herb survey plot.

[0038] The vegetation biomass was measured, the tree biomass was measured using the diameter method, the dominant herb biomass was measured using the direct method, and the soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and crude fat contents of the dominant herb were measured;

[0039] Low-altitude vegetation survey using drones, using drones to investigate the forest conditions around the sample plots and changes in nearby water sources.

[0040] The analysis method of forest environmental characteristics of the habitat of wild population of Tarim red deer was used. SPSS statistical analysis was used to conduct multiple comparisons of forest environmental indicators in the main habitats of wild population of Tarim red deer, analyze the differences in forest environmental quality in different frequency areas of wild population of Tarim red deer, normalize the habitat environmental factor data, and establish the suitable environmental range of wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0041] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is that through a thorough investigation of the forest environment of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer, the reliability and authenticity of the analysis results can be improved, and key data can be provided for the subsequent analysis of the spatial correlation between the distribution of the wild population of Tarim red deer and biological environmental factors.

[0042] Furthermore, the spatial correlation analysis between the distribution of wild population of Tarim red deer and biological environmental factors was carried out. First, the biological environmental factors and the distribution of Tarim red deer population were mapped, and the spatial correlation between the distribution of red deer population and biological environmental factors was analyzed using the cross-variance function. The specific formula is:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, γ AB (h) is the cross-variance function value between variable A and variable B with a distance of h; N(h) is the number of pairs of all points with a distance of h; Z A(xi) and Z A(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable A at xi and xi+h respectively; Z B(xi) and Z B(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable B at xi and xi+h respectively.

[0045] Finally, the Mantel test was used to analyze the significance of the spatial relationship between the red deer population distribution and the spatial pattern of biological environmental factors.

[0046] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is: by mapping the biological environmental factors such as forest environmental species, biomass and stand conditions and the distribution of Tarim red deer population, the correlation between the two distributions can be intuitively seen. By analyzing the spatial correlation between the red deer population distribution and the biological environmental factors through the cross-variance function, the significance of the spatial relationship can be finally obtained, and accurate quantitative analysis can be performed.

[0047] Furthermore, the Tarim Red Deer movement trajectory tracking analysis was carried out based on the established drone base station, and the Red Deer movement trajectory was tracked every 5-8 days. The steps are as follows:

[0048] Step 1: The drone base station is located on the demarcation line of the area with high density of red deer, and the patrol drone searches for the traces of red deer;

[0049] Step 2: After finding the traces of the elk herd, take photos of the herd to obtain basic information;

[0050] Step 3: Several drones in a single drone base station take turns to track the movement trajectory of the red deer herd in the patrol area. The movement trajectory of the red deer herd beyond the patrol area will be relayed and tracked by the drone base station belonging to the next patrol area. The single tracking time is three days;

[0051] Step 4: The drone base station records the GPS position change data during the departure drone tracking process, and transfers the image data of the drone tracking process after the drone returns to the drone base station.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: by taking photos of the elk herd, we can obtain basic information on the size of the herd, the number of individuals and the age of the individuals. Based on this information, we can easily identify the differences between the populations later. By using several drones to take over tracking or several drone base stations to relay tracking, we can track the movement trajectory of the Tarim elk more accurately in a short period of time with a low number of drones required, and provide stable and continuous tracking data.

[0053] Furthermore, the movement trajectory of the Tarim red deer was tracked and analyzed. The analysis method was based on the short-term movement trajectory and image data of the red deer herd, and the movement path shape and GPS position change data of the red deer herd were obtained. The movement path data and red deer image data were used to train a second convolutional neural network. The second convolutional neural network was used to identify the time spent and living behavior of the red deer herd in different areas, and the animal behavior analysis was carried out based on the forest environment characteristics analysis data of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: through the second convolutional neural network and identifying the time spent and living behavior of the red deer herd in different areas, combined with the forest environment characteristics analysis data of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat to conduct animal behavior analysis, we can have a deeper understanding of the living habits of the Tarim red deer wild population and improve the reliability of the evaluation of potential suitable areas for the habitat of the Tarim red deer wild population.

[0055] Furthermore, the spatial distribution of habitats and the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of wild populations of Tarim red deer were analyzed. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the effects of fragmented patches and human activities on the spread of wild populations of Tarim red deer were studied. By purchasing the latest satellite remote sensing images, relevant information on fragmented patches in the region was extracted. The frequency of human activities in the project area was investigated using questionnaires.

[0056] Furthermore, the suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer was evaluated. The Vanderploeg selection index and Scavia selection index were used as indicators to measure the suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer. The suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer in the project area was evaluated; combined with remote sensing information data of the project area, the potential suitable habitat areas were evaluated.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are: through analyzing the spatial distribution of habitats and the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of wild populations of Tarim red deer, and using the Vanderploeg selection index and Scavia selection index as indicators to measure the suitability of habitats for wild populations of Tarim red deer, the suitability of the habitat of wild populations of Tarim red deer in the project area is evaluated, providing a scientific basis for formulating habitat protection strategies for wild populations of Tarim red deer, and providing data support for the future construction of wild population conservation areas of Tarim red deer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the wild population of Tarim red deer in the method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of the population of Tarim red deer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the analysis of forest environment characteristics of the habitat of wild Tarim elk populations in a method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim elk populations according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of tracking and analyzing the movement trajectories of Tarim red deer according to a method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer populations in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a drone base station for a method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer populations according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: 1. base column; 2. battery; 3. standby table; 4. solar roof; 5. controller; 6. magnetic charging stand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Basically as attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown: A method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, comprising the following steps: Step 1, analyzing the distribution characteristics of the wild population of Tarim red deer;

[0067] The distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer were analyzed, and the implementation methods included field manual surveys, far-infrared camera fixed-point observations and drone low-altitude population surveys; field manual surveys, based on small classes in the project area, set up a number of survey points according to the forest stand conditions of the small classes and the historical information of the appearance of Tarim red deer in the project area, and the survey indicators were the GPS location data and number of red deer footprints, feces, lying marks, and traces of tree gnawing; far-infrared camera fixed-point observations, among the several survey points, selected areas with good forest growth, little human interference, and close to water sources to set up monitoring points, place far-infrared cameras, and use them to capture images of wild populations of Tarim red deer at fixed points to observe the number, size and frequency of appearance of red deer; drone low-altitude population surveys, establish a number of drone base stations, conduct low-altitude drone flight surveys once a month, and judge the size, activity frequency and activity range of red deer populations through images.

[0068] Analysis of the distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer. The analysis methods include statistics and analysis of far-infrared camera image data, calculation of home range, integration of red deer population distribution area, division of red deer population density and drone verification; statistics and analysis of far-infrared camera observation data, statistics of basic information on species, behavior, date, time, weather and location collected by the far-infrared camera, and training of the first convolutional neural network using image data taken by the far-infrared camera. The first convolutional neural network is used to eliminate aerial photos or photos without animals and realize rapid automatic species identification; calculation of home range, using the home range analysis module of the geographic information software ArcGIS to calculate the home range of red deer based on the GPS location data of red deer feces and far-infrared camera observation data; integration of red deer Population distribution area: Through the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, a circular expansion area with a radius of the red deer home range is formed along each trace point. The expansion area of ​​each trace point is merged, and the sporadic diffusion area is removed to present the red deer population distribution area. The sporadic diffusion area refers to an area that only contains 1-2 trace points and is farther away from the nearest expansion area than the home range. The red deer population aggregation density is divided. After the aggregation density of the red deer population distribution area is evenly divided, the entire distribution area is divided into three types of high, medium and low density aggregation areas. The area with the highest aggregation density is the population aggregation center. UAV verification: The deviations in the red deer population distribution area and the red deer population aggregation density division are corrected using the images of red deer population size, activity frequency and activity range observed by drones.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows: The field manual survey is based on small classes. Survey points are set up according to the forest stand conditions of the small classes and the historical information of the appearance of Tarim red deer in the project area, with a total of 70 survey points; among the 70 survey points, monitoring points are set up in the Populus euphratica forest area in the middle reaches of the Tarim River where the forest growth is good, human interference is less, and the area is close to the water source. The monitoring points are set up at an interval of more than 0.5 km, and far-infrared cameras are placed to capture the images of the wild population of Tarim red deer at fixed points. The number of red deer is calculated by the number of red deer individuals monitored by the infrared camera. A total of 10 monitoring points are set up, and each monitoring point should collect at least 1,000 camera working hours of data. In summer, each monitoring point must work continuously for at least 30 days to complete an observation cycle.

[0070] After collecting far-infrared camera image data, 70% of the image data was used to train the first convolutional neural network. The trained first convolutional neural network was used to eliminate aerial photos or photos without animals from the remaining 30% of the image data, identify the wild population of Tarim red deer, and calculate the population quantity and population size.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown: A method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, comprising the following steps: Step 2, analyzing the forest environment characteristics of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer;

[0073] The forest environment characteristics of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer were analyzed. The implementation methods included vegetation species plot survey, vegetation biomass measurement and low-altitude vegetation survey by drone. For vegetation species plot survey, according to the frequency of occurrence, population size, activity range and other factors of the wild population of Tarim red deer, several fixed monitoring plots were selected at the survey points. The monitoring plot size was 50m×50m. Trees and shrubs with a breast diameter of more than 5cm were surveyed. Five herbaceous survey plots were set up in each monitoring plot for herbaceous survey. The herbaceous survey plot size was 1m×1m, and dominant herbaceous plant samples were collected in each herbaceous survey plot. For vegetation biomass measurement, the diameter method was used to measure the biomass of trees, and the direct method was used to measure the biomass of the collected dominant herbaceous plants, and the soluble carbohydrates, crude protein and crude fat contents of the dominant herbaceous plants were measured. For low-altitude vegetation survey by drone, drones were used to investigate the forest stand conditions around the plots and changes in nearby water sources.

[0074] The analysis method of forest environmental characteristics of the habitat of wild population of Tarim red deer was used. SPSS statistical analysis was used to conduct multiple comparisons of forest environmental indicators in the main habitats of wild population of Tarim red deer, analyze the differences in forest environmental quality in different frequency areas of wild population of Tarim red deer, normalize the habitat environmental factor data, and establish the suitable environmental range of wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0075] The specific implementation process is as follows: the sample plot survey measurement indicators are stand canopy density, tree height and breast diameter, shrub species, height and coverage, herbaceous plant measurement species, height, coverage and water source distribution in the stand; biomass is dry matter weight; the diameter method refers to calculating tree biomass by measuring parameters such as the diameter and length of branches or stems, using the tree's private formula or exponential formula; the direct method refers to weighing the whole plant sample to obtain biomass data; the dominant herbaceous plant samples collected from each herbaceous survey sample are dried, and their soluble carbohydrates are determined by the "anthrone method"; the crude protein content is determined by the "Kjeldahl nitrogen method" and the crude fat content is determined by the "Soxhlet extraction method".

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: A research method for the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, comprising the following steps: Step 3, spatial correlation analysis between the distribution of Tarim red deer wild population and biological environmental factors; firstly, the biological environmental factors and the distribution of Tarim red deer population are mapped, and the cross-variance function is used to analyze the spatial correlation between the red deer population distribution and the biological environmental factors, which is specifically the formula:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, γ AB (h) is the cross-variance function value between variable A and variable B with a distance of h; N(h) is the number of pairs of all points with a distance of h; Z A(xi) and Z A(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable A at xi and xi+h respectively; Z B(xi) and Z B(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable B at xi and xi+h respectively.

[0080] Finally, the Mantel test was used to analyze the significance of the spatial relationship between the red deer population distribution and the spatial pattern of biological environmental factors.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown: A research method for the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, comprising the following steps: Step 4, tracking and analyzing the movement trajectory of Tarim red deer, the implementation method is based on the established drone base station, tracking the movement trajectory of red deer every 5-8 days, and the steps are as follows: Step 1, the drone base station on the dividing line of the area with high red deer aggregation density, the patrol drone searches for red deer traces; Step 2, after finding the traces of the red deer herd, take pictures of the red deer herd to obtain basic information; Step 3, several drones in a single drone base station take turns to track the movement trajectory of the red deer herd in the patrol area, and the movement trajectory of the red deer herd beyond the patrol area is relayed and tracked by the drone base station belonging to the next patrol area, and the single tracking time is three days; Step 4, the drone base station records the GPS position change data during the tracking process of the departing drone, and transfers the image data of the drone tracking process after the drone returns to the drone base station.

[0083] The drone base station includes a base column 1, a standby table 3 is welded on the upper part of the base column 1, a solar roof 4 is welded on the top of the base column 1, a battery 2 and a controller 5 are installed inside the base column 1, a plurality of magnetic charging seats 6 are centrally symmetrically welded on the standby table 3, and drones are magnetically attracted to the magnetic charging seats 6, the solar roof 4, the battery 2 and the magnetic charging seats 6 are electrically connected in sequence, and the controller 5 is connected to the drone signal; the controller 5 includes a drone locator and an image storage, the drone locator is used to obtain the GPS location data of the departing drone, and the image storage is used to transfer the image data taken by the charging drone through the magnetic charging seat 6;

[0084] Site selection method for UAV base stations: Based on the fused red deer population distribution area, a UAV patrol area is formed with the UAV's single patrol radius, so that the UAV patrol areas do not overlap with each other. UAV base stations are established along the red deer population density dividing line, and the number of UAV base stations decreases as the red deer population density decreases.

[0085] The movement trajectory tracking and analysis of the Tarim red deer is based on the short-term movement trajectory and image data of the red deer herd. The movement path shape and GPS position change data of the red deer herd are obtained. The movement path data and red deer image data are used to train a second convolutional neural network. The second convolutional neural network is used to identify the time spent and life behavior of the red deer herd in different areas. Combined with the forest environment characteristics analysis data of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat, animal behavior analysis is performed.

[0086] The specific implementation process is as follows: After the drone base station is sited and established, the solar canopy will continue to charge the battery during the day, and can shield the drone on the standby platform from raindrops on rainy days. A drone that has run out of power will be charged with the power stored in the battery through the magnetic charging station, and the image data stored in the drone will also be transferred to the image storage device through the magnetic charging station for storage until the staff comes to the drone base station to transfer the data.

[0087] The movement trajectory tracking analysis of the Tarim red deer is based on the GPS position change data during the drone trajectory tracking process, which is used to visualize the shape of the red deer herd's movement path. 75% of the image data collected during the drone trajectory tracking process is used to train the second convolutional neural network to identify the time spent by the red deer herd in different areas and their life behaviors such as eating, bathing, sleeping and giving birth. The remaining 25% of the image data collected during the drone trajectory tracking process is input into the trained second convolutional neural network to identify the above-mentioned red deer herd behavior information, and combined with the forest environment characteristics analysis data of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat to perform animal behavior analysis.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: A research method for the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, including the following steps: Step five, analysis of the impact of habitat spatial distribution and abiotic factors on the distribution of wild Tarim red deer population; analysis of the impact of habitat spatial distribution and abiotic factors on the distribution of wild Tarim red deer population, based on landscape ecology theory, studying the impact of fragmented patches, human activities, etc. on the spread of wild Tarim red deer population; extracting relevant information on fragmented patches in the area by purchasing the latest satellite remote sensing images; using questionnaires to investigate the frequency of human activities in the project area.

[0090] The specific implementation process is as follows: The natural poplar forest area in the middle reaches of the Tarim River is seriously fragmented, and farmlands of varying sizes have cut off the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer, seriously affecting the survival and reproduction of the wild population of Tarim red deer. In some areas with good forest environmental quality, wild populations of Tarim red deer are also rare due to the impact of human activities. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the satellite remote sensing image analysis patch type, patch size, forest canopy density within the patch, road distribution, water source distribution and other indicators, human activity level and other data were investigated and studied; the spatial pattern analysis method of landscape ecology was used to analyze the project area type and plate size, and study the spatial distribution characteristics of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer; the principal component analysis method was used to analyze the patch type, patch size, canopy density, road accessibility, water source size and human activity frequency in the project area, and seek the main influencing factors affecting the distribution pattern of the wild population of Tarim red deer, and analyze the impact of abiotic factors such as patch fragmentation, roads and human activities on the distribution pattern of the wild population of Tarim red deer.

[0091] Example 6

[0092] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1As shown: A research method for the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, including the following steps: Step six, evaluating the suitability of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer; using Vanderploeg selection index and Scavia selection index as indicators to measure the suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer, and evaluating the suitability of the habitat of the wild population of Tarim red deer in the project area; combining remote sensing information data of the project area to evaluate the potential suitable habitat areas.

[0093] The specific implementation process is as follows: Vanderploeg selection index (Wi) and Scavia selection index (Ei) are used as indicators to measure the suitability of habitats for wild populations of Tarim red deer, and the suitability of the habitats of wild populations of Tarim red deer in the project area is evaluated; combined with remote sensing information data of the project area, potential suitable habitat areas are evaluated.

[0094] The relevant index calculation formula is as follows:

[0095] W i =(r i / p i ) / ∑(r i / p i )

[0096] E i =(W i -1 / n)(W i +1 / n)

[0097] Where i is the eigenvalue, n is the total number of eigenvalue items of the specific ecological factor, and p i is the number of plots with characteristic i in the habitat, r i Number of plots with characteristic i selected for red deer.

[0098] E i The value is between -1 and +1. If Ei < -0.1, it is unsuitable. i = -1 means completely unsuitable, E i =1 means completely suitable, E i >0.1 is appropriate.

[0099] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0100] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Analysis of distribution characteristics of wild population of Tarim red deer; Step 2: Analysis of forest environment characteristics of Tarim red deer wild population habitat; Step 3: Spatial correlation analysis between the distribution of wild population of Tarim red deer and biological and environmental factors; Step 4: Tracking and analyzing the movement trajectory of Tarim red deer; Step 5: Analyze the spatial distribution of habitats and the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of wild populations of Tarim red deer; Step six: Evaluation of habitat suitability of wild population of Tarim red deer.

2. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analysis of the distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer, using methods including field surveys, infrared camera fixed-point observations, and low-altitude population surveys by drones; Field surveys were conducted manually. In the project area, several survey points were set up based on the forest stand conditions of the small groups and the historical information of the Tarim red deer in the project area. The survey indicators were the GPS location data and number of red deer footprints, feces, lying marks, and tree gnawing traces. Far-infrared camera fixed-point observation: among several survey points, monitoring points were set up in areas with good forest growth, little human interference, and close to water sources. Far-infrared cameras were placed to capture images of wild populations of Tarim red deer and observe their number, size, and frequency of appearance; Conduct low-altitude population surveys using drones. Establish several drone base stations and conduct low-altitude flight surveys with drones once a month. Use images to determine the size, activity frequency, and activity range of red deer populations.

3. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 2, characterized in that: Analysis of the distribution characteristics of wild populations of Tarim red deer, including statistics and analysis of infrared camera image data, calculation of home range, integration of red deer population distribution areas, division of red deer population density and drone verification; Statistics and analysis of far-infrared camera observation data, statistics of basic information on species, behavior, date, time, weather and location collected by the far-infrared camera, and training of the first convolutional neural network using the image data taken by the far-infrared camera. The first convolutional neural network is used to eliminate empty photos or photos without animals and realize rapid automatic species identification; Home range calculation: The home range analysis module of ArcGIS, a geographic information software, was used to calculate the home range of red deer based on the GPS location data of red deer feces and the infrared camera observation data; The red deer population distribution area was integrated. Through the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, a circular extension area with a radius of the red deer home range was formed along each trace point. The extension area of ​​each trace point was integrated and the occasional diffusion area was removed to present the red deer population distribution area. The red deer population density is divided into three types: high, medium and low density clusters after the average density of the red deer population distribution area is divided. The area with the highest density is the population cluster center. Drone verification was carried out using images of red deer population size, activity frequency and activity range observed by drones to correct deviations in the division of red deer population distribution area and red deer population aggregation density.

4. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 2, characterized in that: A drone base station comprises a base column (1), a standby platform (3) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the base column (1), a solar roof (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the base column (1), a storage battery (2) and a controller (5) are arranged inside the base column (1), a plurality of magnetic charging seats (6) are fixedly connected to the standby platform (3) in a centrally symmetrical manner, drones are magnetically attracted to the magnetic charging seats (6), the solar roof (4), the storage battery (2) and the magnetic charging seats (6) are electrically connected in sequence, and the controller (5) is connected to the drone signal; The controller (5) includes a drone locator and an image storage device, wherein the drone locator is used to obtain GPS location data of the departing drone, and the image storage device is used to transfer image data captured by the charging drone through a magnetic charging base (6); Site selection method for UAV base stations: Based on the fused red deer population distribution area, a UAV patrol area is formed with the UAV's single patrol radius, so that the UAV patrol areas do not overlap with each other. UAV base stations are established along the red deer population density dividing line, and the number of UAV base stations decreases as the red deer population density decreases.

5. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analysis of forest environmental characteristics of Tarim red deer wild population habitat, implementation methods include vegetation species sample survey, vegetation biomass measurement and low-altitude vegetation survey by drone; The vegetation species plot survey, according to the frequency of occurrence, population size, activity range and other factors of the wild population of Tarim red deer, selected several fixed monitoring plots in the survey points. The monitoring plot size was 50m×50m. The trees and shrubs with a breast diameter of more than 5cm were surveyed. Five herb survey plots were set in each monitoring plot for herb survey. The herb survey plot size was 1m×1m. Dominant herbaceous plant samples were collected in each herb survey plot. The vegetation biomass was measured, the tree biomass was measured using the diameter method, the dominant herb biomass was measured using the direct method, and the soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and crude fat contents of the dominant herb were measured; Low-altitude vegetation survey using drones, using drones to investigate the forest conditions around the sample plots and changes in nearby water sources; The analysis method of forest environmental characteristics of the habitat of wild population of Tarim red deer was used. SPSS statistical analysis was used to conduct multiple comparisons of forest environmental indicators in the main habitats of wild population of Tarim red deer, analyze the differences in forest environmental quality in different frequency areas of wild population of Tarim red deer, normalize the habitat environmental factor data, and establish the suitable environmental range of wild population of Tarim red deer.

6. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial correlation analysis between the distribution of wild population of Tarim red deer and biological environmental factors was firstly carried out by mapping the biological environmental factors and the distribution of Tarim red deer population, and the spatial correlation between the distribution of red deer population and biological environmental factors was analyzed using the cross-variance function, which is specifically the formula: In the formula, γ AB (h) is the cross-variance function value between variable A and variable B with a distance of h; N(h) is the number of pairs of all points with a distance of h; Z A(xi) and Z A(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable A at xi and xi+h respectively; Z B(xi) and Z B(xi+h) are the attribute values ​​of variable B at xi and xi+h respectively. Finally, the Mantel test was used to analyze the significance of the spatial relationship between the red deer population distribution and the spatial pattern of biological environmental factors.

7. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Tarim Red Deer Movement Tracking Analysis is implemented based on the established drone base station, tracking the movement track of red deer every 5-8 days. The steps are as follows: Step 1: The drone base station is located on the demarcation line of the area with high density of red deer, and the patrol drone searches for the traces of red deer; Step 2: After finding the traces of the elk herd, take photos of the herd to obtain basic information; Step 3: Several drones in a single drone base station take turns to track the movement trajectory of the red deer herd in the patrol area. The movement trajectory of the red deer herd beyond the patrol area will be relayed and tracked by the drone base station belonging to the next patrol area. The single tracking time is three days; Step 4: The drone base station records the GPS position change data during the departure drone tracking process, and transfers the image data of the drone tracking process after the drone returns to the drone base station.

8. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 7, characterized in that: The movement trajectory tracking and analysis of the Tarim red deer is based on the short-term movement trajectory and image data of the red deer herd. The movement path shape and GPS position change data of the red deer herd are obtained. The movement path data and red deer image data are used to train a second convolutional neural network. The second convolutional neural network is used to identify the time spent and life behavior of the red deer herd in different areas. Combined with the forest environment characteristics analysis data of the Tarim red deer wild population habitat, animal behavior analysis is performed.

9. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analysis of the impact of habitat spatial distribution and abiotic factors on the distribution of wild populations of Tarim red deer. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the impact of fragmented patches and human activities on the spread of wild populations of Tarim red deer was studied; by purchasing the latest satellite remote sensing images, relevant information on fragmented patches in the area was extracted; and the frequency of human activities in the project area was investigated using questionnaires.

10. The method for studying the spatial distribution pattern of Tarim red deer population according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer was evaluated by using the Vanderploeg selection index and the Scavia selection index as indicators to measure the suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer. The suitability of the habitat for the wild population of Tarim red deer in the project area was evaluated; combined with the remote sensing information data of the project area, the potential suitable habitat areas were evaluated.

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