Holographic antenna and control method of beam thereof, storage medium and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a holographic antenna, a beam control method thereof, a storage medium and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The present disclosure can solve the problem that the existing antenna structure is complex and the polarization direction is not variable. The holographic antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer and a plurality of switch units. The radiation layer is provided with a plurality of slit openings. The switch units are arranged correspondingly to the slit openings. The holographic antenna further comprises an acquisition unit configured to acquire a target wave and a polarity of the target wave; a construction unit configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave; a calculation unit configured to calculate an interference wave based on the reference wave and the target wave; a sampling unit configured to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening; and a control unit configured to control the switch units to control the switching state of the slit openings. The present disclosure can realize dynamic reconfiguration of different polarizations by using the holographic principle combined with a slot antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a holographic antenna and its beam control method, computer-readable medium, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas play a crucial role in the entire wireless communication system; their performance directly determines the overall quality of the communication system. Modern communication systems have a strong demand for beamformed antennas with characteristics such as low profile, low cost, and ease of integration. Currently, the main implementations of beamformed antennas include mechanically scanned antennas, phased array antennas, reflective array antennas, lens-loaded antennas, and leaky-wave antennas. However, with the development of satellite communication, there is a growing expectation for more compact terminal devices, especially for mobile communication and low-Earth orbit satellite communication. Therefore, the demand for variable polarization ultra-low profile antennas is increasing daily, while designs using traditional phased array antennas are bulky and have very complex feeding networks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a variable polarization holographic antenna and its beam control method, computer-readable storage medium and electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a holographic antenna, characterized in that the holographic antenna comprises: a dielectric substrate, a radiating layer, and a plurality of switching units; the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the radiating layer is disposed on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings are disposed on the radiating layer; the switching units are disposed corresponding to the slit openings and are configured to control the switching state of the slit openings; the holographic antenna further comprises:

[0005] The acquisition unit is configured to acquire the target wave and the polarity of the target wave;

[0006] The construction unit is configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave;

[0007] The computing unit is configured to perform calculations based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave; the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave beam.

[0008] The sampling unit is configured to sample the interference wave based on the position information of each slit opening using a sampling function to obtain the excitation sampling value of each slit opening;

[0009] The control unit is configured to control the switching unit based on the excitation sample value to control the opening and closing state of the slit opening.

[0010] In some embodiments, the building unit is specifically used for:

[0011] When the polarity of the target wave is x-polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the x-polarization. Construct the reference wave;

[0012] When the target wave is y-polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity based on the following:

[0013] Construct the reference wave;

[0014] When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circularly polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the following: Construct the reference wave;

[0015] When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the following: The reference wave is constructed, wherein a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0016] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna further includes a processing module configured to discretize the excitation sample values ​​of each of the slit openings to obtain a discrete result;

[0017] The control unit is configured to control the switching unit based on the discrete results to control the switching state of the slit opening.

[0018] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna further includes a feeding structure configured to feed the radiating layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the switching unit is any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, or a MEMS switch.

[0020] In a second aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a beam control method applied to a holographic antenna, the holographic antenna comprising: a dielectric substrate, a radiating layer, and a plurality of switching units; the dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the radiating layer being disposed on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings being disposed on the radiating layer; the switching units being disposed corresponding to the slit openings and configured to control the switching state of the slit openings; the method comprising:

[0021] Obtain the target wave and its polarity;

[0022] A reference wave is constructed based on the polarity of the target wave;

[0023] An interference wave is obtained by calculating based on the reference wave and the target wave, and the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave beam;

[0024] Based on the interference wave, the position information of each slit opening is used to sample the signal through a sampling function to obtain the excitation sampling value of each slit opening;

[0025] The switching unit is controlled based on the excitation sampling value to control the opening and closing state of the slit.

[0026] In some embodiments, constructing a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave includes:

[0027] When the target wave is x-polarized, the reference wave is

[0028] When the target wave is y-polarized, the reference wave is

[0029] When the target wave is left-handed circularly polarized, the reference wave is

[0030] When the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the reference wave is A spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0031] In some embodiments, controlling the switching unit based on the excitation sample value includes:

[0032] The excitation sample value is compared with a preset threshold. If the excitation sample value meets the preset threshold, the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is determined to be on; otherwise, the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is determined to be off.

[0033] In some embodiments, obtaining the excitation sample value of each of the slit openings through a sampling function includes:

[0034] The excitation amplitude value of each slit opening is obtained through an amplitude sampling function; or

[0035] The excitation angle value of each slit opening is obtained by using a phase sampling function.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the excitation sampling value is the excitation angle value, the preset threshold is 90°.

[0037] In some embodiments, acquiring the target wave includes:

[0038] The target wave is calculated according to the target wave calculation formula, wherein the formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Let k be the target wave, k0 be the air wave vector, and establish a spatial coordinate system with the target wave feed point as the origin. θ and Let θ be the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis. Let x be the angle between the target wave and the x-axis. n and y m The position coordinates of the target wave are represented.

[0041] In some embodiments, Where, k g This represents the slow wave coefficient.

[0042] In some embodiments, the formula for interfering the reference wave with the target wave to obtain the interferometric wave is:

[0043] in, For the target wave, It is the conjugate of the reference wave.

[0044] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program code for beam control, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0045] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device, including:

[0046] processor;

[0047] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions, wherein,

[0048] The processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory for performing the method as described in any of the first aspects. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 6 A flowchart of a beam control method provided in this disclosure embodiment;

[0055] Figure 7 An overall distribution diagram of radiative elements in a radiative layer provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0056] Figure 8A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0057] Figure 8B A far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0058] Figure 9A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0059] Figure 9B A far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0060] Figure 10A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under y-polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0061] Figure 10BA far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under y-polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0062] Figure 11A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under X-ray polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0063] Figure 11B A far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under x-polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 12 A slit distribution diagram with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0065] Figure 13 A slit distribution map with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0066] Figure 14 A slit distribution map with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under y-polarization is provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0067] Figure 15 This invention provides a slit distribution map with the target pointing at (0°, 0°) under X-ray polarization, as provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0070] As the terminal equipment in most wireless communication systems, the performance of antennas is crucial to the overall system performance. With technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are increasing. Besides high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas often require low profile, light weight, and conformal characteristics. While reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas can achieve high gain, each has its own significant disadvantages. For example, reflector antennas require a spatial illumination source, greatly increasing their profile; phased array antennas have extremely complex feed networks, making design difficult and costly; and lens antennas, already having a high profile, have their profile further increased by the addition of an illumination source. Holographic antennas, as a high-gain antenna, can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight, making them well-suited to current applications and possessing great development potential.

[0071] The concept of a holographic antenna originates from the principle of optical holography. This principle involves the interference of a target wave and a reference wave to form an interference surface, and then the desired target wave is obtained by inverting the interference surface by illuminating it with the reference wave. The advent of metamaterials has made it possible to realize holographic antennas in the microwave band. A holographic antenna system consists only of a holographic surface and a feed source, making its structure very simple. The feed source typically uses a horn antenna, monopole antenna, or slot antenna, eliminating the need for a complex feeding network. However, to reduce the profile, monopole antennas or slot antennas are often used as feed sources. The holographic surface mainly consists of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed array of metal patches on a radiating layer, making it simple to fabricate and inexpensive. In the design process of the holographic surface, the desired holographic surface can be obtained simply by calculating the expression for the interference field formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field, and then designing the distribution of the metal patches accordingly. The design process is very simple. If different target waves are required, the target field expression can simply be substituted back into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of holographic antennas. In addition, holographic antennas are easy to conform to, and their performance is not significantly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders. With the development of satellite communications, the demand for low-profile antennas with variable polarization is increasing.

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the holographic antenna includes an antenna module 100, which includes a dielectric substrate 10, a radiating layer 11, a feeding structure 40, and a plurality of switching units 13. The dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the radiating layer 11 is disposed on the first surface; the radiating layer 11 has a plurality of slit openings 111; a reference electrode 12 is disposed on the second surface; the switching units 13 are correspondingly disposed to the slit openings 111, and the switching units 13 are configured to control the switching state of the slit openings 111.

[0073] The radiating layer 11 includes, but is not limited to, microstrip lines. In this embodiment, the radiating layer 11 includes microstrip lines. The microstrip lines are disposed on the dielectric substrate 10, and the microstrip lines have multiple slit openings 111 arranged side-by-side along their extension direction, with the length direction of the slit openings 111 perpendicular to the extension direction of the microstrip lines. The feeding structure 40 is a waveguide feeding structure 40, disposed on the side of the dielectric substrate 10 away from the microstrip lines; that is, the waveguide feeding structure 40 is equivalent to the reference electrode layer 12. The waveguide cavity of the waveguide feeding structure 40 can be filled with a low-loss polymer material 41 to achieve a slow-wave waveguide effect. Alternatively, the waveguide cavity can be filled with air. Switching units 13 are configured to correspond one-to-one with the slit openings 111, controlling whether the slit openings 111 can feed out radio frequency signals. The switching state of the slit openings 111 can be controlled by adjusting the switching state of the corresponding switching units 13 according to the beam direction of the target wave.

[0074] The holographic antenna includes not only a dielectric substrate 10, a radiating layer 11, a feeding structure 40, and multiple switching units 13, but also an acquisition unit 101, a construction unit 102, a calculation unit 103, a sampling unit 104, and a control unit 105. Specifically, the acquisition unit 101 is configured to acquire the target wave and its polarity. The construction unit 102 is configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave. The calculation unit 103 is configured to perform calculations based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave, wherein the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave. The sampling unit 104 is configured to sample the interference wave according to the position information of each slit opening 111 using a sampling function to obtain the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. The control unit 105 is configured to control the switching units based on the excitation sampling values ​​to control the switching state of the slit openings 111.

[0075] Specifically, according to the principle of optical holography, this embodiment first forms an interference wave based on the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and then obtains the desired antenna pattern by inverting the interference wave plane with the reference wave. The target wave is the desired spatially transmitted waveform, and the reference wave is the traveling wave in the antenna structure from the feed wave introduced through the feed network. In the holographic antenna, the interference wave plane is obtained by sampling the interference wave calculated by the calculation unit 103 using the sampling unit 104, obtaining the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. The control unit 105 controls the switching of the slit opening 111 by controlling the state of the switching unit 13 according to the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. Finally, when the electromagnetic wave from the feed network "irradiates" the interference wave plane formed by the slit openings 111, the superposition of the emitted electromagnetic field in the far-field region through the feed openings 111 forms the desired antenna pattern. When the desired waveform of the space transmission changes, the calculation unit 103 only needs to recalculate the corresponding interference wave based on the target wave and control the opening and closing state of the slit opening 111 according to the interference wave. However, the interference wave calculated in this way can only control the beam azimuth angle of the target wave. In order to simultaneously control the polarization direction of the target wave beam, the reference wave in this embodiment is constructed based on the polarity of the target wave, thereby transferring the polarity of the target wave to the reference wave. Furthermore, interfering the reference wave containing the polarity of the target wave with the target wave and illuminating the interference wave with the reference wave can form an antenna pattern containing the beam azimuth angle and polarization direction.

[0076] The embodiments disclosed herein utilize the holographic principle combined with slot antennas to achieve the control of multiple polarization states, thereby significantly reducing the complexity and power consumption of traditional phased array system design and improving the portability of satellite terminals.

[0077] Figure 8 is an overall distribution diagram of the radiating elements in a radiating layer 11 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the center is the feed point, and the other points around it are radiating elements. In some embodiments, to make the radiating elements more uniformly distributed, the arc distance ΔS between adjacent radiating elements is equal. The holographic antenna of this embodiment controls the radiation of the radiating elements by controlling the switching unit of the slit opening.

[0078] In some embodiments, the construction unit 102 is specifically used to: when the polarity of the target wave is x-polarized, the construction unit is used to, according to Construct a reference wave; when the target wave is y-polarized, the construction unit is used to determine the reference wave. Construct a reference wave; when the target wave is left-handed circularly polarized, the construction unit is used to... Construct a reference wave; when the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the construction unit is used to... Construct a reference wave, in which a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0079] It is understood that the polarity of the target wave includes, but is not limited to, the four polarization directions mentioned above. For example, the polarization direction of the target wave can also be 45° polarization, etc. The construction unit 102 can construct the required reference wave according to the specific polarization direction of the target wave. This disclosure embodiment does not limit this.

[0080] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna includes not only a dielectric substrate 10, a radiating layer 11, a feeding structure 40, multiple switching units 13, an acquisition unit 101, a construction unit 102, a calculation unit 103, a sampling unit 104, and a control unit 105, but may also include a processing module 106. The processing module 106 is configured to discretize the excitation sampling values ​​of each slit opening 111 to obtain discrete results. The control unit 105 is configured to control the switching units 13 based on the discrete results to control the switching state of the slit openings 111.

[0081] Specifically, when the processing module 106 discretizes the excitation amplitude value of each slit opening 111, it first determines the magnitude of the excitation sample value of the slit opening 111 and the discrete threshold. When the excitation sample value m of the slit opening 111 is not less than t, the discrete result M is recorded as 1. When the excitation amplitude value m of the slit opening 111 is less than t, the discrete result M is recorded as 0.

[0082] It should be noted that the discrete threshold needs to be adjusted, as different excitation sample values ​​correspond to different discrete thresholds. Excitation sample values ​​can be amplitude samples, phase samples, or other sample values. For example, when the excitation sample value is a phase sample value, its discrete threshold can be set to 90°, while when the excitation sample value is an amplitude sample value, its discrete threshold can be set to 0.5 mm, and so on.

[0083] Furthermore, different discrete threshold settings for the same excitation sampling value will yield different sampling results. When the excitation sampling value is amplitude sampling, the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is obtained through electromagnetic software simulation based on different discrete thresholds. This simulation diagram is then compared with the amplitude-weighted theoretical simulation diagram of the holographic antenna to find the required discrete threshold. Thus, when the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is closest to the amplitude-weighted theoretical simulation diagram, the discrete threshold obtained from the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is used as the required discrete threshold.

[0084] In some embodiments, the switching unit 13 includes, but is not limited to, any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch. The switching unit 13 in this embodiment can control the magnitude of radiated energy at a specific location at a given operating frequency, thereby achieving adjustability of the target wave polarization direction.

[0085] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 3 As shown, the switching unit 13 can be a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode (Varactor). In this case, the PIN diode or the Varactor can be integrated with the slit opening 111 to achieve dual-value or continuous amplitude control capability. For example, taking the switching unit as an example using a PIN diode, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is controlled to control the forward / reverse bias of the PIN diode. When the slit opening 111 is required to be in the open state, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode conducts; when the slit opening 111 is required to be in the closed state, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 4 As shown, the switching unit 13 is a liquid crystal switch, that is, a counter substrate 30 is provided opposite to the dielectric substrate 10, a control electrode 31 is provided on the counter substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 32 is provided between the layer where the control electrode 31 is located and the layer where the microstrip line is located.

[0087] The control electrode 31 is connected to a high or low level. An interference pattern is formed by the target wave and the reference wave under different polarization states. The sampling unit 104 samples the interference pattern and controls the voltage of the control electrode 31. By applying voltage to the patch and not applying voltage, the liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding area are deflected or not deflected. The deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 32 is changed, thereby realizing the dynamic control of the radio frequency signal radiated from the slit opening 111 with different polarizations and target angles.

[0088] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 6As shown, the switching unit is a MEMS switch. For example, a counter substrate 30 is provided opposite to the dielectric substrate 10. The counter substrate 30 is a flexible substrate. A patch electrode 34 is provided on the counter substrate 30, and the patch electrode 34 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening 111. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrode 34, the distance between the patch electrode 34 and the slit opening 111 is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, thereby realizing continuous control of the radiation amplitude of the radio frequency signal.

[0089] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a beam control method, which can be applied to any of the holographic antennas described above.

[0090] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a beam control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to a holographic antenna, which includes: a dielectric substrate 10, a radiating layer 11, and a plurality of switching units 13. The dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. The radiating layer 11 is disposed on the first surface. A plurality of slit openings 111 are disposed on the radiating layer 11. The switching units 13 are correspondingly disposed to the slit openings 111, and the switching units 13 are configured to control the switching state of the slit openings 111. The method specifically includes:

[0091] S701: Obtain the target wave and its polarity.

[0092] Specifically, the target wave is the desired waveform emitted into space. The target wave is calculated using the target wave calculation formula, where the formula is:

[0093]

[0094] Let k be the target wave, k0 be the air wave vector, and establish a spatial coordinate system with the target wave feed point as the origin. θ and Let θ be the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis. Let x be the angle between the target wave and the x-axis. n and y m The position coordinates of the target wave are represented.

[0095] The polarity of the target wave includes, but is not limited to, y-polarization, x-polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization.

[0096] S702: Construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave.

[0097] Specifically, the reference wave is the traveling wave within the antenna structure caused by the feed wave introduced into the feed source through the feed network. The formula for calculating the reference wave is: Where, k g This represents the slow wave coefficient.

[0098] The polarity of the target wave is transferred to the functional form of the reference wave to construct the reference wave. Specifically: when the polarity of the target wave is x-polarized, the reference wave is... When the target wave is y-polarized, the reference wave is When the target wave is left-handed circularly polarized, the reference wave is When the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the reference wave is A spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0099] S703: Calculate the interference wave based on the reference wave and the target wave, whereby the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave beam.

[0100] Specifically, based on the principle of optical holography, an interference wave is first formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and then the required antenna pattern is obtained by inverting the plane of the interference wave by illuminating it with the reference wave.

[0101] The formula for obtaining the interference wave by interfering the reference wave and the target wave is:

[0102] in, For the target wave, The reference wave is the conjugate of the target wave, which is a reference wave that includes the polarity of the target wave.

[0103] In this embodiment, the polarity of the target wave is transferred to the functional form of the reference wave to construct the reference wave. Then, the reference wave is interfered with the target wave to obtain the interference wave. The required antenna pattern is obtained by inverting the plane of the interference wave illuminated by the reference wave. The antenna pattern includes not only the pointing angle of the target wave, but also the polarization direction of the target wave, which can realize the adjustability of the antenna polarization direction.

[0104] S704: Based on the position information of each slit opening, the excitation sample value of each slit opening is obtained by sampling through a sampling function according to the interference wave.

[0105] Specifically, the position information of each slit opening can be stored in advance, and the corresponding excitation sampling value can be obtained by sampling each slit opening according to its position.

[0106] In some embodiments, obtaining the excitation sample value of each slit opening through a sampling function includes: obtaining the excitation amplitude value of each slit opening through an amplitude sampling function; or obtaining the excitation angle value of each slit opening through a phase sampling function. Specifically, amplitude sampling or phase sampling can be selected according to the actual situation, and other sampling methods can also be used.

[0107] S705: Controls the switching unit based on the excitation sample value to control the switching state of the slit opening.

[0108] Specifically, the switching of the slit opening 111 is controlled by controlling the state of the switching unit 13 according to the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. Finally, when the electromagnetic wave from the feed source introduced through the feed network "irradiates" the interference wave plane formed by the slit opening 111, the electromagnetic wave fed in passes through the slit opening 111, and the superposition of the outgoing electromagnetic field in the far field region will form the desired antenna pattern.

[0109] In some embodiments, controlling the switching unit based on the excitation sample value includes: comparing the excitation sample value with a preset threshold; if the excitation sample value meets the preset threshold, then determining that the state of the switching unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is on; otherwise, determining that the state of the switching unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is off.

[0110] For example, when using a phase sampling function to obtain the excitation angle values ​​of each slit opening, the phase sampling function can be: Assuming the preset threshold is 90° (though it can also be set to 80°, 60°, etc., depending on actual needs), the sampling function is then discretized, simplifying it into a binary function. The state for each sample is as follows:

[0111] The switch unit is designed to be in the 'on' state;

[0112] The switch unit is designed to be in the 'off' state.

[0113] The embodiments disclosed herein can be designed with different polarization characteristics and target pointing angles. The beam, with known slow wave coefficient k g The air wave vector k0 in the air passes through different positions (x) of the interference plane. m ,y n The switching state of the slit is determined to determine the switching state of the corresponding slit opening (whether there is a gap or whether the liquid crystal state is deflected), and finally the sampling sequence for different target directions under each polarization state is determined.

[0114] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, when the desired waveform of the spatial transmission changes, it is only necessary to reconstruct a reference wave containing the polarity of the target wave and calculate the corresponding interference wave based on the target wave. Then, the opening and closing state of the slit opening 111 can be controlled according to the interference wave. This embodiment of the present disclosure can not only control the beam azimuth angle of the target wave, but also control the polarization direction of the target wave beam, realizing adjustable beam angle and adjustable polarization direction.

[0115] Figures 8A-8B These are, respectively, an interference wave pattern and a far-field pattern of a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figures 9A-9B These are an interference wave pattern and far-field radiation pattern of a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figures 10A-10B These are, respectively, an interference wave pattern and a far-field radiation pattern of a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under y-polarization provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figures 11A-11B These are an interference wave pattern and a far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing at (0°, 0°) under x-polarization, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 12 This is a slit distribution diagram with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization, provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 13 This is a slit distribution diagram with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization, provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 This is a slit distribution map with a target orientation of (0°, 0°) under y-polarization, provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 15 This embodiment of the present disclosure provides a slit distribution map with the target pointing at (0°, 0°) under X-ray polarization. Simultaneously, the operating bandwidth for all four polarization directions is 11.8-12.2 GHz.

[0116] Depend on Figures 8A to 15 It can be seen that when the polarization direction of the target wave is different, the interference wave pattern is different, that is, the switching state of the switching unit is different. Furthermore, the switching state of the slit opening is different, which ultimately leads to different far-field radiation patterns of the antenna.

[0117] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code for beam control, which, when run by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned beam control method embodiments.

[0118] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: a processor; and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory for executing the method as described in any of the above beam control method embodiments.

[0119] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A holographic antenna, characterized in that, The holographic antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, a radiating layer, and multiple switching units; the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the radiating layer is disposed on the first surface; multiple slit openings are disposed on the radiating layer; the switching units are disposed corresponding to the slit openings and are configured to control the switching state of the slit openings; the holographic antenna further includes: The acquisition unit is configured to acquire the target wave and the polarity of the target wave; The construction unit is configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave; The computing unit is configured to perform calculations based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave; the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave beam. The sampling unit is configured to sample the interference wave based on the position information of each slit opening using a sampling function to obtain the excitation sampling value of each slit opening; The control unit is configured to control the switching unit based on the excitation sample value to control the opening and closing state of the slit opening.

2. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building unit is specifically used for: When the polarity of the target wave is x-polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the x-polarization. Construct the reference wave; When the target wave is y-polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity based on the following: Construct the reference wave; When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circularly polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the following: Construct the reference wave; When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the building unit is used to determine the polarity according to the following: The reference wave is constructed, wherein a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

3. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The holographic antenna also includes a processing module configured to discretize the excitation sample values ​​of each of the slit openings to obtain discrete results; The control unit is configured to control the switching unit based on the discrete results to control the switching state of the slit opening.

4. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The holographic antenna also includes a feeding structure configured to feed the radiating layer.

5. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit can be any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, or a MEMS switch.

6. A beam control method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a holographic antenna, which includes: a dielectric substrate, a radiating layer, and multiple switching units; the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the radiating layer is disposed on the first surface; multiple slit openings are disposed on the radiating layer; the switching units are disposed corresponding to the slit openings and are configured to control the switching state of the slit openings; the method includes: Obtain the target wave and its polarity; A reference wave is constructed based on the polarity of the target wave; An interference wave is obtained by calculating based on the reference wave and the target wave, and the interference wave includes the polarization direction and pointing angle of the target wave beam; Based on the interference wave, the position information of each slit opening is used to sample the signal through a sampling function to obtain the excitation sampling value of each slit opening; The switching unit is controlled based on the excitation sampling value to control the opening and closing state of the slit.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The construction of the reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave includes: When the target wave is x-polarized, the reference wave is When the target wave is y-polarized, the reference wave is When the target wave is left-handed circularly polarized, the reference wave is When the target wave is right-hand circularly polarized, the reference wave is A spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. Let be the Bessel function in the x-direction. Let be the Bessel function in the y-direction, and ρ represent the distance between the reference wave and the origin of the spatial coordinate system. The angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system is represented by 1i, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control of the switching unit based on the excitation sample value includes: The excitation sample value is compared with a preset threshold. If the excitation sample value meets the preset threshold, the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is determined to be on; otherwise, the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sample value is determined to be off.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the excitation sample value of each slit opening through a sampling function includes: The excitation amplitude value of each slit opening is obtained through an amplitude sampling function; or The excitation angle value of each slit opening is obtained by using a phase sampling function.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the excitation sampling value is the excitation angle value, the preset threshold is 90°.

11. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The acquisition of the target wave includes: The target wave is calculated according to the target wave calculation formula, wherein the formula is: Let k be the target wave, k0 be the air wave vector, and establish a spatial coordinate system with the target wave feed point as the origin. θ and Let θ be the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis. Let x be the angle between the target wave and the x-axis. n and y m The position coordinates of the target wave are represented.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Where, k g This represents the slow wave coefficient.

13. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for obtaining the interference wave by interfering the reference wave with the target wave is: in, For the target wave, It is the conjugate of the reference wave.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon beam-controlled computer program code that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 6-13.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store processor-executable instructions, wherein, The processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory for executing the method according to any one of claims 6-13.

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