Enhanced navigation mode with location detection and map layer switching

Abstract

Aspects presented herein may enhance the navigation functionality of a navigation / map application or system when GNSS signals are weak or unstable. In one aspect, a UE monitors a location of the UE based on GNSS communications, where the location of the UE is monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map. When the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold, the UE detects that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location. Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, the UE switches to monitor the location of the UE using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers, where the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application serial number 17 / 817,571, entitled “ENHANCED NAVIGATION MODE WITH LOCATION DETECTION AND MAP LAYER SWITCHING” and filed on August 4, 2022, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to positioning systems, and more particularly to positioning systems related to navigation. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following presents a summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all envisioned aspects. This summary is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its only purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus monitors a location of a user equipment (UE) based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map. When the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold, the apparatus detects that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location. Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, the apparatus switches to monitoring the location of the UE using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

[0008] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features are only indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0010] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0015] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement.

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example navigation system with a fit-for-roads function in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a UE detects a predefined location based on sensing information according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a UE detects a predefined location based on an image captured from a camera or a video recorder according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a UE detects a predefined location based on map matching according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a UE detects a predefined location based on crowdsourcing according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a UE provides additional information for a predefined location after detecting that the UE is in the predefined location according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example scenario of a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) and a crowdsourcing mechanism according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] Fig.13 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0025] Fig.14 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The aspects presented herein may enhance the navigation functionality of a navigation / map application or system when GNSS signals are weak or unstable (e.g., in indoor or underground garage conditions). The aspects presented herein may enable a navigation / map application to detect whether a user is at a predefined location when GNSS signals become unavailable, and the navigation / map application may use different map layers corresponding to the predefined locations to switch the user's location and / or use at least one alternative positioning method that is not based on GNSS signals to navigate the user. For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a car's navigation system (e.g., UE) may be able to detect whether the car enters a garage (or is in a garage condition), and the navigation system may provide or construct a drivable route within the garage, such as based on crowdsourcing and / or indoor positioning.

[0027] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations with which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0028] Several aspects of the telecommunication system are also presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. The example of a processor includes a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a system on a chip (SoC), a baseband processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, a gate logic piece, a discrete hardware circuit and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning an instruction, an instruction set, a code, a code segment, a program code, a program, a subroutine, a software component, an application, a software application, a software package, a routine, a subroutine, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a process, a function or any combination thereof.

[0030] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functions may be implemented with hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented with software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0031] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical devices, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may be specifically for use cases or applications, or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the examples described may have wide applicability. Aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some practical environments, the equipment in conjunction with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / accumulators, etc.) The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0032] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0033] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit.

[0034] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0035] Figure 11 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0036] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units on a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0037] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RA configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0038] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending at least in part on a functional split such as that defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0039] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 130 and the CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0040] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0041] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0042] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0043] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102, or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmission diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to YxMHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0044] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0045] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0046] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5GNR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "below 6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming problem sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0047] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, so the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0048] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "6 GHz or less" is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0049] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0050] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0051] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, the positioning determination entity (PDE), the serving mobile location center (SMLC), the mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurement results and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the positioning of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may determine the positioning of the UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, positioning estimates, and optional speed calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0052] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device cluster arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0053] Reference again Figure 1 In some aspects, UE 104 may be configured to monitor the UE's location based on GNSS communication, wherein the UE's location is monitored using at least one first map layer of multiple map layers associated with a map; detect that the UE's location corresponds to a predefined location when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold; and switch to monitoring the UE's location using at least one second map layer of the multiple map layers when the UE's location corresponds to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

[0054] Figure 2A Figure 200 illustrates an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C Figure 250 illustrates an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and both UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0055] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes of the same size (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4 or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is conventional or extended. For a conventional CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ*15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example of a parameter set μ=2 with a normal CP of 14 symbols per slot and 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0059] A resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0060] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0061] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information such as system information blocks (SIBs) that are not sent via the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0062] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0063] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0064] Figure 3 370 is a block diagram of a base station 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0065] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream can be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission using a corresponding spatial stream.

[0066] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be merged into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0067] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0068] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0069] The TX processor 368 may use channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via corresponding transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0070] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0071] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0072] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The navigation component 198 performs various aspects.

[0073] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning”) according to various aspects of the present disclosure. UE 404 may be at time T SRS_TX UL-SRS 412 is sent and at time T PRS_RX A DL positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 is received. TRP 406 may be at time T SRS_RX Receive UL-SRS 412 and at time T PRS_TX 410. UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the UL-SRS 412 based on ||T SRS_RX -T PRS_TX |-|T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX || determines RTT 414. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurement (ie, |T SRS_RX -T PRS_TX |) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 measures UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP of received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and TRP 402, 406 measures gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP of received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. These measurements may be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine RTT, which is used to estimate the position of UE 404. Other methods for determining RTT are possible, such as, for example, using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0074] DL-AoD positioning may utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements, along with the departure azimuth angle (A-AoD), departure zenith angle (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0075] DL-TDOA positioning may utilize DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0076] UL-TDOA positioning may utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) of uplink signals sent from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) of received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of UE 404.

[0077] UL-AoA positioning may utilize the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of uplink signals sent from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of the UE 404.

[0078] Additional positioning methods may be used to estimate the position of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various techniques may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0079] In addition to network-based UE positioning technology, wireless devices (e.g., base stations, components of base stations, UEs, etc.) may also be configured to include radar capabilities, which may be referred to as "radio frequency (RF) sensing" and / or "cellular-based RF sensing". For example, a wireless device may send a radar reference signal (RRS) and measure the RRS sent from one or more objects. Based at least in part on the measurement, the wireless device may determine or estimate the distance between the wireless device and the one or more objects. In another example, a first wireless device may also receive an RRS sent from a second wireless device, wherein the first wireless device may determine or estimate the distance between the first wireless device and the second wireless device based at least in part on the received RRS. Therefore, in some examples, RF sensing technology may be used for UE positioning and / or for assisting UE positioning. For the purposes of this disclosure, a device capable of performing RF sensing (e.g., sending and / or receiving an RRS for detecting an object or for estimating the distance between a device and an object) may be referred to as an "RF sensing node". For example, an RF sensing node may be a UE, a base station, a component of a base station, a TRP, a device capable of sending an RRS, and / or a device configured to perform radar functions, etc.

[0080] A device equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver may determine its position based on GNSS measurements (this may also be referred to as "GNSS-based positioning"). GNSS is a network of satellites that broadcasts timing and orbit information used for navigation and positioning measurements. GNSS may include groups of satellites, called clusters, that broadcast signals (which may be referred to as GNSS signals) to control stations and users of the GNSS. Based on the broadcast signals, a user may be able to determine its position (e.g., via trilateration). For purposes of this disclosure, a device (e.g., UE) equipped with a GNSS receiver or capable of receiving GNSS signals may be referred to as a GNSS device, and a device (such as a satellite) capable of sending GNSS signals may be referred to as a space vehicle (SV).

[0081] A navigation / map application may refer to an application in a user equipment (UE) (e.g., a navigation system, a smart phone, etc.) that provides navigation directions to a user in real time. A navigation / map application may include a variety of navigation functions that can be used to improve the navigation provided by the navigation / map application. For example, the navigation function may include guiding the user to the destination based on the fastest or shortest route, adapting the user to the nearest road when the user's exact location cannot be determined (e.g., the "align road" function described in detail below) and / or avoiding guiding the user through certain areas (e.g., toll roads, blocked roads, roads under construction, etc.). In the past few years, users have become increasingly dependent on navigation / map applications because of the various benefits they provide. For example, navigation applications provide convenience to users because they enable users to find a path to their destination, and also allow users to contribute information and mark important places, thereby generating the most accurate description of the location. In some examples, the navigation / map application can also provide professional guidance to users, where the navigation / map application can guide users to their destination via the best, most direct or most time-saving route. For example, a navigation / map application may obtain the current state of traffic, and then locate the shortest and fastest path for the user to reach the destination, and also provide the user with approximately how long it will take to reach the destination. Therefore, the navigation / map application may use an Internet connection and a GPS / GNSS navigation system to provide turn-by-turn instructions on how to reach a given destination. For the purposes of this disclosure, a navigation map may refer to a map corresponding to a specific area of ​​the real world, so that when the user is in the specific area, the navigation map may be used by the navigation / map application to navigate (e.g., guide) the user via a display. The navigation map may include multiple layers, each of which may convey different types of information. For example, the first layer of the navigation map may convey geographic (e.g., terrain) information, the second layer of the navigation map may convey road information, and the third layer of the navigation map may convey building information, etc.

[0082] In some scenarios, navigation directions given by a navigation / map application for a car or mobile device (e.g., a smart phone, smart watch, tracking device, etc.) may fail if the GNSS signal is weak (e.g., below a threshold or undetectable) or unstable, such as when the car or mobile device is in a structure (e.g., a parking lot, a shopping mall, an underground location, etc.). To alleviate this problem, some navigation / map applications may include a function that may be referred to as a "snap to road" or "fit to road" function, which enables the navigation / map application to adapt the user's location to a nearby (or nearest) road / location on a navigation map when the GNSS signal is weak or unstable. This function may be similar to a map matching function that ensures that the GNSS data is bound to the road the user is traveling on and does not jitter the user's track and cause confusion.

[0083] Figure 5 500 is a diagram illustrating an example navigation system with adapted road features according to various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 520, a car 502 with a navigation system (e.g., a UE, a smart phone, an in-vehicle GPS system, etc.) can travel from an initial location to a parking lot 504 of a building via a route 506. A route (or navigation route) can refer to a predefined path created by a set of location points, which can be used to display a path from a first point to a second point on a navigation map, and the navigation system / application plans to navigate the user along the path. The location points can be user-generated waypoints or points of interest that have been loaded from a map or from a navigation / map application. The navigation system can detect and track the location of the car 502 based on GNSS communication (e.g., receiving and measuring GNSS signals) and navigate the user via a navigation map display, such as shown at 530. After the car 502 enters the parking lot 504, the GNSS signal may become unavailable. In response, as shown at 508, the navigation system can enable an align road function, in which the navigation system can adapt (or "align") the location of the car 502 to the nearest road on the navigation map display. While the snap to road feature may provide better positioning results in many outdoor driving situations, it may provide inaccurate, misleading, or even erroneous positioning information when the user (e.g., car 502) is outside of a GNSS coverage area (e.g., in a building or underground space).

[0084] For example, the navigation system may display that the car 502 is located at position 510, which may be different from the actual position of the car 502. Therefore, when the navigation system is activated (e.g., after the car 502 is started) or when another device with a navigation / map application is connected to the navigation system (e.g., a smart phone connected to the car 502 or the navigation system), the position of the car 502 displayed on the navigation map of the navigation system or on the navigation / map application of the other device may not be the actual parking position of the car 502, but rather a position that fits the nearby roads (e.g., at 510). This may cause the navigation system or the navigation / map application to provide inaccurate or erroneous navigation directions.

[0085] The aspects presented herein may enhance the navigation function of a navigation / map application or system when GNSS signals are weak or unstable (e.g., in indoor or underground garage conditions). The aspects presented herein may enable a navigation / map application to detect whether a user is in a predefined location when GNSS signals become unavailable, and the navigation / map application may use different map layers corresponding to the predefined locations to switch the user's location and / or navigate the user using at least one alternative positioning method that is not based on GNSS signals. For the purposes of this disclosure, a predefined location may include a type of building / structure (e.g., a high-rise building, a parking lot, a tunnel, etc.), a place associated with common uses (e.g., a shopping mall, a hospital, a subway station, a conference center), an area (e.g., a tourist attraction, a camping site, etc.), a specific place (e.g., a landmark, a building at a specific address), and / or a portion of a building / structure / place / area (e.g., a floor of a building, a road within a structure, etc.). For example, in one aspect of this disclosure, a navigation system (e.g., a UE) of a car may be able to detect whether the car enters a garage (or in a garage condition), and the navigation system may provide or construct a drivable route within the garage, such as based on crowdsourcing and / or indoor positioning.

[0086] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a navigation system or navigation / map application (hereinafter collectively referred to as "user equipment" or "UE") may be configured to determine whether the UE is at a predefined location based on information from at least one sensor (hereinafter referred to as sensing information).

[0087] Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE detecting a predefined location based on sensing information according to various aspects of the present disclosure. A car 602 may be associated with or equipped with a UE 606, which may be an in-vehicle navigation system or a navigation / map application on a mobile device, wherein the UE 606 may be configured to detect and track the location of the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) based on GNSS positioning when GNSS signals (e.g., signals transmitted from GNSS satellites) are available (e.g., above a communication threshold). For example, a GNSS signal may be available when a GNSS receiver is capable of receiving a GNSS signal with a received power above a received power threshold (e.g., the GNSS receiver may measure an output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in units of dB / Hz for each GNSS satellite tracked). Based on detecting and tracking the location of the car 602, the UE 606 may navigate a user (e.g., a driver of the car 602) via a navigation map display, such as Figure 5 As shown in 530.

[0088] In one aspect, when the UE 606 cannot receive a GNSS signal or the received GNSS signal is below a threshold, the UE 606 may be configured to detect whether the UE 606 is in a building or location based on detecting one or more features, signatures, conditions, and / or factors (hereinafter collectively referred to as "features") associated with a specified building or location. For example, as shown at 620, when the car 602 enters a parking lot 604 where the GNSS signal is weak or unavailable (e.g., the parking lot 604 is located indoors or underground), the UE 606 may be configured to detect whether the car 602 is in the parking lot (or in a parking lot condition) based on whether the identification can detect one or more features associated with the parking lot. In addition, if the UE 606 has enabled the "align to road" function, the UE 606 may be configured to disable the "align to road" function to avoid placing or adapting the positioning of the car 602 to an inaccurate position.

[0089] In one example, since certain sensors on the car may be configured to remain on all the time or to be turned on periodically, one or more features for detecting whether the car 602 is in a parking lot may be based on information obtained from at least one sensor 608 of the car 602. For example, as shown at 630, the one or more features for detecting whether the car 602 is in a parking lot may include: (1) the speed of the car (e.g., the speed is decreasing and / or the average speed is below a speed threshold for a defined duration); (2) the car is stationary for a defined duration (e.g., 3 minutes); (3) the car is traveling over a defined number of speed bumps (and also within a defined time period); (4) the car has made a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold (and also within a defined time period); (5) the car is in reverse or in reverse gear; (6) the car is parked (e.g., the car is shifted into parking gear or the car's brakes are engaged and the car is not moving); (7) the height of the car (e.g., below or above the ground level around the car); or (8) a combination thereof.

[0090] At least one sensor 608 that can be used to measure or detect one or more features may include, but is not limited to, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a speed and rate sensor, a gyroscope, a compass, an engine speed sensor, an accelerometer, an odometer, a barometer, a camera, a motion sensor, a force and torque sensor, and / or a position sensor, etc. For example, a speed and rate sensor or an IMU can be used to detect the speed of the car, a motion sensor or a speed and rate sensor can be used to detect whether the car is stationary, and a barometer can be used to detect the height of the car. In some examples, information from the car's on-board diagnostic system (OBD) or the car's electronic monitoring system can also be used to identify one or more features. For example, the car's electronic monitoring system can be able to provide information such as the car's current gear (e.g., forward, reverse, neutral, or parked, etc.), whether the car is on / off, whether the wheels are turning, etc.

[0091] In some examples, each of the one or more features may also be assigned or associated with an indication level that the car is in a predefined location (e.g., a parking lot). For example, the car's gear being shifted into the parking gear (e.g., the car is parked) may be assigned a high / higher level of indication (e.g., the car is very likely in a parking lot), while the car driving over a defined number of speed bumps (within a defined time period) may be assigned a low / lower level of indication (e.g., the car is likely in a parking lot).

[0092] In another example, as shown at 640, one or more features for detecting whether the car 602 is in a parking lot may be based on non-GNSS-based positioning, such as network-based positioning or indoor positioning (e.g., Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning, etc.). For example, after the UE 606 cannot receive a GNSS signal or the received GNSS signal is below a threshold, the UE 606 may switch to network-based positioning to determine whether it is in a predefined location (e.g., based on a location identified in a map). Therefore, when the GNSS signal is lost, the UE 606 may use sensors and network communications to identify whether the car 602 has entered a garage.

[0093] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the UE may be configured to determine whether the UE is at a predefined location based on images captured by a camera or video recorder. These images may be captured using a camera / video recorder on the UE, or obtained via a camera / video recorder of another device. For example, one or more features extracted from an image of a predefined location (e.g., a structure, a building, or a landmark, etc.) may be used to identify the predefined location. The extraction of features and the identification of predefined locations may be trained based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI).

[0094] Figure 7700 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure detecting a predefined location based on an image captured from a camera or a video recorder. Since cameras have become a common component on many devices, the UE 606 can be configured to monitor its surroundings using its camera or a camera on the car 602. For example, the car 602 can include at least a front camera and a rear camera capable of capturing a front view and a rear view of the car 602, respectively. Then, based on the image captured by the camera, the UE 606 can determine whether the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) is located at the predefined location based on whether the image includes one or more features associated with the predefined location.

[0095] For example, as shown at 702, one or more features associated with a parking lot may include parking signs, ground markings (e.g., handicap markings, parking signs, parking space numbers, etc.), parked cars, the number of parked cars, the orientation of other cars, parking lot gates / doors, and / or other objects, etc. Therefore, if the image captured by the UE 606 identifies one or more features (or a combination of one or more features), the UE 606 can determine that the car 602 is located in the parking lot. In one example, the determination can be based on AI / ML of an algorithm running at the car 602 or at the server 704, where the algorithm can provide feature extraction and image recognition related services. In another example, if the image captured by the UE 606 is insufficient or if the UE 606 does not have a camera, the UE 606 can request more monitoring from sensors on the car (e.g., using a camera on the car 602) or its own internal sensors (e.g., IMU, accelerometer).

[0096] In another example, images captured by other devices / UEs may also be used to identify the location of the car 602. For example, the parking lot 604 may include a security camera 706 that monitors the interior of the parking lot 604. If the security camera 706 (or a server associated with the security camera 706) identifies the car 602 (e.g., based on its license plate), the security camera 706 or server may notify the UE 606 that the car 602 is located in the parking lot 604.

[0097] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the UE may be configured to determine whether the UE is at a predefined location based on map matching. For example, if the UE is near a known location on a navigation map when the UE cannot receive a GNSS signal or the received GNSS signal is below a threshold, the UE may determine or may be biased towards determining that it is at the known location.

[0098] Figure 8800 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE detecting a predefined location based on map matching according to various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 802, the navigation map used by the UE 606 may include map information associated with the parking lot 604 (e.g., the location is marked on the navigation map as a parking lot or a parking lot of a shopping mall S (e.g., based on public data or crowdsourced data)). Therefore, when the UE 606 enters the parking lot 604 and cannot receive a GNSS signal, since the last detected location of the UE 606 is close to the parking lot 604, the UE 606 may be biased to determine that the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) is in the parking lot 604 or in a garage condition. In another example, if the parking lot 604 has a lane 804 leading to its edge, and the GNSS signal is lost soon after the car 602 enters the parking lot, the UE 606 may also determine that it has entered the parking lot 604.

[0099] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a UE may determine whether the UE is in a predefined location based on crowdsourced information. Crowdsourcing may refer to a mechanism for collecting information (which may be referred to as crowdsourced information) from a group of UEs, typically via an online server. For example, crowdsourcing may involve obtaining sensing information, location information, or images captured from a large group of UEs, which submit their data to a crowdsourcing server or the Internet (e.g., social media, mobile applications, etc.). Based on the collected information, the crowdsourcing server may aggregate information, analyze information, and determine which collections of information may be useful or have good credibility for other devices. For example, a crowdsourcing server may collect weather conditions reported by a group of UEs in an area in real time. Based on the weather conditions received from the group of UEs, the crowdsourcing server may be able to determine the current weather conditions in the area, and the crowdsourcing server may share such crowdsourcing information with other UEs (e.g., UEs that are planning to travel to the area).

[0100] Fig. 9 900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE detecting a predefined location based on crowdsourcing according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Multiple UEs 902 (e.g., smart phones / smart watches and / or vehicle UEs used by users) may be configured to collect information related to their surroundings, such as images of their surroundings, measurements from their sensors (e.g., the speed, altitude, and / or orientation of their users), and / or the approximate number of users within a certain range (e.g., based on RF sensing), etc. The UEs 902 may then send the collected information to a server 904 (e.g., a crowdsourcing server), where the server may aggregate and analyze the collected information received from the UEs 902. In some examples, uploading the information to the server 904 may be automatic without user input (e.g., based on the user's consent), and the uploading may be periodic and / or non-real-time (e.g., overnight).

[0101] For example, a first UE within a shopping mall 906 may collect and provide images within the shopping mall 906, which may include various features associated with the shopping mall (e.g., store signs, public restroom signs, elevators, etc.). A second UE within the shopping mall 906 may detect and provide its location information and captured images (e.g., via a social media check-in function). A third UE, also located within the shopping mall 906, may provide its location information as well as the speed and height of its user. As shown at 908, a fourth UE may be located within a parking lot of the shopping mall 906, where the fourth UE may be a user or vehicle UE (e.g., a built-in UE) using a UE in a vehicle. Similarly, the fourth UE may also collect and provide images within the parking lot, and provide its location information as well as the speed and height of the vehicle (e.g., the number of vehicles in the parking lot may also be used to infer the congestion level of the shopping mall 906). Based on the information collected from the first UE, the second UE, the third UE, and the fourth UE, the server 904 may derive a set of features associated with the shopping mall 906 and / or its parking lot, such as a combination of signs in the shopping mall 906, the height of the shopping mall 906, the average speed of users walking in the shopping mall 906, the number of parking spaces, the number of parked cars, etc. Thus, when the UE enters the shopping mall 906, the UE may detect that it is located in the shopping mall 906 based on detecting one or more features associated with the shopping mall 906 (e.g., a predefined location), such as in combination with Figures 6 to 8 In other words, one or more features associated with a predefined location may be collected based on information provided by a plurality of UEs in or near the predefined location.

[0102] In another aspect of the present disclosure, in addition to detecting that the UE is located at a predefined location, the UE may also be configured to provide additional information about the predefined location, such as a navigation map associated with the predefined location, one or more objects in the predefined location, one or more transient features associated with the predefined location, and / or services available in the predefined location.

[0103] Fig.10 1000 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE providing additional information for a predefined location after detecting that the UE is at the predefined location according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, after a car 602 enters a parking lot 604 and a UE 606 detects that the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) is in the parking lot 604 (e.g., based on a combination of Figures 6 to 9 UE 606 may provide additional information associated with parking lot 604 following the aspects / methods described herein.

[0104] For example, as shown at 1002, after determining that the car 602 is located in the parking lot 604, the UE 606 can load a map corresponding to the parking lot 604. In other words, the UE 606 can switch from displaying the first map layer (as shown at 1004) to displaying the second map layer (as shown at 1002), wherein the second map layer can be a sublayer of the first map layer. In addition, if the UE 606 has enabled the "snap to road" function on the first map layer, the UE 606 can be configured to disable the "snap to road" function of the first map layer so that the UE 606 can avoid fitting or aligning the car 602 to the nearby road on the first map layer. Then, the UE 606 can continue to use the map corresponding to the parking lot 604 (e.g., the second map layer) to navigate the user within the parking lot 604. In some examples, if the parking lot 604 has multiple floors, the UE 606 can also load the corresponding (sub-level) floor map based on the detected height of the car 602 (or UE 606). Navigation may be based on non-GNSS based positioning, such as network based positioning, indoor positioning, and / or dead reckoning (DR), etc. In navigation, DR may refer to the process of calculating the current position of a mobile object by using a previously determined position or fix, and then combining an estimate of the speed, heading, and route over time, which may be measured or obtained via sensors (e.g., IMU, camera, inertial sensor, speed and velocity sensor, etc.) of the car 602 or UE 606.

[0105] In another example, UE 606 may also utilize / use information collected from other devices or from a server (e.g., as combined with Fig. 9 The UE 606 may use crowdsourced information from other UEs as described above to provide additional information about the parking lot 604 to its user. For example, a UE within the parking lot 604 may upload its user data (e.g., images, sensing information, location information, etc.) to a server (e.g., a crowdsourcing server, server 904, etc.). The uploading of user data may be periodic or event-driven, for example, after detecting that the UE is in a parking lot or possibly in a garage, or after detecting that there is a sudden jump in a selected location after a period of time without GNSS fixes (e.g., possibly leaving a parking lot). In addition, to protect user privacy, such data uploading may be configured to be login-based, and the data uploading may be anonymous. The server may then aggregate the user data collected from multiple UEs, and the server may provide the aggregated data (or features / additional information extracted from the aggregated data) to the UE 606.

[0106] For example, multiple UEs may provide information to the server about which parking spaces are unavailable (e.g., with cars parked) and / or which parking spaces are available (e.g., without cars parked) based on RF sensing, image recognition, sensor measurement, or other detection mechanisms. The UEs may also report their driving status, such as whether they are parked, moving, moving forward / backward, etc., so that the server can determine approximately how many cars are currently parked in the parking lot 604 or whether the parking lot is crowded 604 (e.g., a large number of vehicles in the parking lot 604 are moving). In some examples, information associated with the parking lot 604 may also be provided by the parking lot owner, such as via an available parking space monitoring system (e.g., a system that shows which spaces are parked or available) and / or based on street surveys. The server may then aggregate the information and provide the aggregated information to the UE 606. Thus, the UE 606 may display to its user via a navigation map which parking spaces are available and / or which parking spaces are unavailable in the parking lot 604 (such as shown at 1002), and / or the UE 606 may determine the current traffic conditions in the parking lot 604, etc.

[0107] As combined Figure 7 As described, AI / ML mechanisms can be used to capture and extract data from all sensors: GNSS, IMU, gyroscope, wheel scale / odometer, compass, camera, barometer, steering wheel information, etc. The collected data can be configured to last for a defined period of time to avoid the data becoming outdated / expired, which may lead to false positives. In some examples, AI / ML learning and training can be based on online training. For example, AI / ML can make an initial determination as to whether a feature is associated with a predefined location and request a user to provide user input (e.g., to determine whether it is correct). AI / ML can then be trained using user input. In other examples, AI / ML learning and training can be based on offline training, where the AI / ML algorithm can be downloaded from a server (e.g., trained at a server). In another example, a hybrid algorithm can also be implemented in which both local training and server training are used to further enhance AI / ML training.

[0108] Fig.11 1100 is a diagram illustrating an example scenario of combining AI / ML with crowdsourcing mechanisms according to various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 1102, before the car 602 enters the parking lot 604 (e.g., when GNSS signals are available), the UE 606 can monitor / track the location of the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) based on GNSS positioning.

[0109] As shown at 1104, after the car 602 enters the parking lot 604 and the UE 606 cannot detect the GNSS signal or the received GNSS signal is below the communication threshold, the UE 606 may Figures 6 to 10The described aspects / methods identify whether it is in a predefined structure. For example, the UE 606 may determine that the car 602 (or the UE 606 itself) is located in the parking lot 604 based on the sensing information or images captured via the sensors of the car 602.

[0110] As shown at 1106, after determining that the car 602 is located in the parking lot 604, the UE 606 may also determine a position or a series of positions of the car 602 via non-GNSS-based positioning or sensors (e.g., indoor positioning, IMU, network-based positioning, UWB positioning, etc.). In one example, the UE 606 may provide the determined position or a series of positions of the car 602 to a server 1108 (e.g., a location server). In response, as shown at 1110, the server 1108 may determine a drivable path 1112 associated with the parking lot 604 where GNSS is unavailable or intermittently available. The server 1108 may then generate a map 1114 (e.g., a navigation map) associated with the parking lot 604 and provide the map 1114 (including the drivable path 1112) and corresponding map information to the UE 606, wherein the map 1114 may be provided as an additional map layer to a normal map (e.g., Fig.10 In one example, once a new / additional map (or a new / additional map layer) is loaded onto the UE 606, the UE 606 may also apply a method similar to that in conjunction with Figure 5 The align functionality of the align road (or align map) functionality described above, wherein the position of the car is automatically adapted (e.g., "aligned") to the nearest route / path available in the new / attached map. Such an alignment functionality may be referred to as an align indoor path functionality. In addition, the UE 606 may also be configured to prevent the positioning of the car 602 from being aligned to the outside of the parking lot 604 (e.g., aligned to a previous map) as long as the position of the car 602 cannot be determined based on GNSS positioning. In some examples, the align road functionality may also be used by the UE 606 or the car 602 to calibrate sensor outputs.

[0111] In another example, the server 1108 may also provide the UE 606 with a map layer or information of transient features associated with the parking lot 604, e.g., features that may not be permanent or may be event-based, such as parking space availability, obstructions in the parking lot, traffic congestion levels, etc. These transient features may be based on data collected in real time from other UEs or entities 1116 (e.g., via crowdsourcing, publicly available information, authorities, owners, etc.), such as in combination with Fig. 9 and Fig.10This information or map layer for transient features can be configured to be temporary (e.g., expire after a defined duration or after the end of an event) to avoid the map layer providing outdated information. For example, the duration can be based on the expected duration of the event (e.g., the duration of a sporting game, where a parking lot may be more crowded than at other times). In addition, the generation of additional information or map layers, the collection of crowdsourced data, and / or the aggregation of crowdsourced data can be performed using AI / ML that can be implemented at server 1108.

[0112] In some scenarios, a portion of a parking structure (e.g., a portion of a parking structure, a structure above or below a parking structure, etc.) may be designated for pedestrians and / or bicycles. In one example, the UE may use pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) to provide an identification of a mobility mode (e.g., walking, bicycling, etc.) to a server. In response, the server may provide a map associated with the current modality (e.g., a map with sidewalks if walking is detected, and a map with bike lanes if bicycling is detected, etc.). The server may also provide maps associated with other types of mobility (e.g., a map including sidewalks and bike lanes) depending on the configuration.

[0113] In addition, if the predefined location has multiple floors, the UE can use a barometer or other type of sensor to determine when to switch between map layers for navigation (e.g., when a change in floor is detected based on a change in air pressure) and / or when a modality appears to change (e.g., a user's gait is detected or identified). The UE or server can determine which level of the multi-level structure the UE is located at and load the corresponding information to the UE (e.g., sidewalk, bike path, etc.). In addition, the UE can also calibrate the barometer or other type of sensor based on crowdsourced information (e.g., the air pressure measured by multiple UEs on the same floor may be the same).

[0114] In other examples, once the UE is able to identify that it is in a predefined structure (e.g., parking lot 604), the UE (e.g., UE 606) may also provide additional services to the user. Fig.11 , if the user leaves the car 602, the UE 606 can remember the floor of the parking structure and store this information. The UE 606 can also record the available parking spaces and / or the location of elevators and stairs for pedestrian traffic, etc. In addition, when navigating the user within the parking lot 604, the UE 606 can be configured to prioritize parking closer to the recorded structures or points of interest based on user priorities / selections (e.g., near disabled parking spaces, near certain exits, etc.). These additional and enhanced navigation features can also be used as an incentive for users to voluntarily upload or share their data (e.g., location data, sensory information, captured images).

[0115] In some examples, the original picture captured by the UE may be pre-processed (e.g., by AI / ML). For example, the original picture of the parking lot 604 may be segmented, marked with points of interest (e.g., parking spaces, exits, disabled parking spaces), and / or marked according to user priorities, etc.

[0116] Fig.12 1200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 606, 902; device 1404). The method may enable a UE (which may be a navigation system or a device running a navigation / map application) to detect whether the UE is at a predefined location when a GNSS signal becomes unavailable, and the UE may switch the positioning of the UE using a different map layer corresponding to the predefined location and / or navigate the user using at least one alternative positioning method not based on GNSS signals.

[0117] At 1202, the UE may monitor a location of the UE based on GNSS communication, wherein the location of the UE may be monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map, such as in conjunction with Figure 6 and Fig.10 For example, Fig.10 As shown, UE 606 can monitor the location of car 602 (or UE 606 itself) based on GNSS communication, where the location of car 602 can be monitored using a first map layer as shown at 1004. Monitoring of the location of the UE based on GNSS communication can be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0118] In one example, the map is associated with at least one of a navigation application or a mapping application.

[0119] At 1204, when the GNSS communication is below the communication threshold, the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, such as in conjunction with Figures 6 to 11 For example, Figure 6 As shown, when GNSS communication is unavailable or below a communication threshold, UE 606 may detect that the location of car 602 corresponds to parking lot 604. When GNSS communication is below the communication threshold, the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0120] In one example, the GNSS communications being below the communication threshold corresponds to a detectability level of the GNSS communications, and wherein the GNSS communications are not detectable at a certain level below the communication threshold.

[0121] In another example, the predefined location corresponds to an indoor location (e.g., a parking lot), and the UE may detect that the UE's location corresponds to the parking lot based on detecting that the UE is traveling over a limited number of speed bumps, the UE is stationary for a limited duration, the UE's speed is decreasing, the UE is undergoing a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold, the UE is reversing, the UE is parked, the UE's altitude changes, or a combination thereof.

[0122] In another example, as shown at 1214, to detect that the UE's location corresponds to a predefined location, the UE may receive crowdsourced information associated with the predefined location, and the UE may detect that the UE's location corresponds to the predefined location based on the crowdsourced information.

[0123] In another example, as shown at 1216, to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, the UE may obtain a set of images captured by at least one camera, and the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera. In such an example, to obtain the set of images captured by the at least one camera, the UE may receive a set of images captured by the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at a source external to the UE, or the UE may capture a set of images with the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at the UE. In such an example, the set of images includes at least one image of: a front view of a vehicle, a rear view of a vehicle, one or more stop signs, one or more parked cars, one or more signs or symbols, or a combination thereof.

[0124] In another example, the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is based on a data collection process including at least one of ML or AI. In such an example, the data collection process is based on data captured from at least one sensor associated with the UE, and the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is also based on data captured from the at least one sensor. In such an example, the data captured from the at least one sensor corresponds to: data associated with GNSS communication, data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU), data from a gyroscope, data from an odometer, data from a compass, data from a camera, data from a barometer, data associated with a steering wheel of a vehicle, or a combination thereof.

[0125] In another example, the UE may detect that the UE's location corresponds to a predefined location based on a map matching process.

[0126] At 1206, the UE may switch to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the UE's location upon detecting that the UE's location corresponds to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer may be associated with the predefined location, such as in conjunction with Fig.10 and Fig.11 For example, Fig.10 As shown, upon detecting that the car 602 is in the parking lot 604, the UE 606 may switch to using a second map layer to monitor the location of the car 602, wherein the second map layer corresponds to the parking lot 604. The switching of using at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0127] In one example, at least one second map layer is associated with a set of routes or locations for a predefined location, wherein the UE's location is monitored using the at least one second map layer based on a nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations. In such an example, to switch to monitoring the UE's location using the at least one second map layer, the UE may switch to the nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations based on the UE's location.

[0128] In another example, the UE may switch to using at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE based on at least one alternative positioning method, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method is different from GNSS communication. In such an example, the at least one alternative positioning method includes: RF sensing, Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, network-based positioning, UWB positioning, DR process, or a combination thereof.

[0129] At 1208, the UE may use at least one second map layer to navigate the UE based on at least one alternative positioning method, such as in conjunction with Fig.10 and Fig.11 For example, Fig.11 As shown, UE 606 can use a map of parking lot 604 to navigate UE 606 based on network-based positioning or indoor positioning. Navigation of the UE can be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0130] In one example, the predefined location corresponds to a building including a plurality of floors, and the at least one second map layer includes a plurality of sub-layers corresponding to the plurality of floors in the building.

[0131] In another example, the at least one second map layer includes at least one feature associated with a predefined location.

[0132] In another example, the navigation of the UE is based on a PDR procedure.

[0133] In another example, the UE may identify a mobility pattern associated with the UE, wherein navigation of the UE is also based on the mobility pattern.

[0134] At 1210, the UE may upload second information to a crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with a predefined location or with a detection that the UE's location corresponds to a predefined location, such as in conjunction with Fig. 9 and Fig.11 For example, Fig. 9 As shown, UE 902 can upload the features captured for shopping mall 906 to server 904, so that other UEs can use these features to identify shopping mall 906. The uploading of information to the crowdsourcing server can be done by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0135] At 1212, upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, the UE may disable at least one navigation function associated with the map, such as in conjunction with Figure 6 and Fig.10 For example, as described in conjunction with Fig.10 As described, if UE 606 has enabled the “snap to road” function on the first map layer, UE 606 may be configured to disable the “snap to road” function on the first map layer after UE 606 detects that it is located in parking lot 604. The disabling of at least one navigation function may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0136] Fig.13 1300 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 606, 902; device 1404). The method may enable a UE (which may be a navigation system or a device running a navigation / map application) to detect whether the UE is at a predefined location when a GNSS signal becomes unavailable, and the UE may switch the positioning of the UE using a different map layer corresponding to the predefined location and / or navigate the user using at least one alternative positioning method not based on GNSS signals.

[0137] At 1302, the UE may monitor a location of the UE based on GNSS communication, wherein the location of the UE may be monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map, such as in conjunction with Figure 6 and Fig.10 For example, Fig.10 As shown, UE 606 can monitor the location of car 602 (or UE 606 itself) based on GNSS communication, where the location of car 602 can be monitored using a first map layer as shown at 1004. Monitoring of the location of the UE based on GNSS communication can be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0138] In one example, the map is associated with at least one of a navigation application or a mapping application.

[0139] At 1304, when the GNSS communication is below the communication threshold, the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, such as in conjunction with Figures 6 to 11 For example, Figure 6 As shown, when GNSS communication is unavailable or below a communication threshold, UE 606 may detect that the location of car 602 corresponds to parking lot 604. When GNSS communication is below the communication threshold, the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0140] In one example, the GNSS communications being below the communication threshold corresponds to a detectability level of the GNSS communications, and wherein the GNSS communications are not detectable at a certain level below the communication threshold.

[0141] In another example, the predefined location corresponds to an indoor location (e.g., a parking lot), and the UE may detect that the UE's location corresponds to the parking lot based on detecting that the UE is traveling over a limited number of speed bumps, the UE is stationary for a limited duration, the UE's speed is decreasing, the UE is undergoing a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold, the UE is reversing, the UE is parked, the UE's altitude changes, or a combination thereof.

[0142] In another example, to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, the UE may receive crowdsourcing information associated with the predefined location, and the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location based on the crowdsourcing information.

[0143] In another example, to detect that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position, the UE may obtain a set of images captured by at least one camera, and the UE may detect that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera. In such an example, to obtain the set of images captured by the at least one camera, the UE may receive a set of images captured by the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at a source external to the UE, or the UE may capture a set of images with the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at the UE. In such an example, the set of images includes at least one image of: a front view of a vehicle, a rear view of a vehicle, one or more stop signs, one or more parked cars, one or more signs or symbols, or a combination thereof.

[0144] In another example, the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is based on a data collection process including at least one of ML or AI. In such an example, the data collection process is based on data captured from at least one sensor associated with the UE, and the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is also based on data captured from the at least one sensor. In such an example, the data captured from the at least one sensor corresponds to: data associated with GNSS communication, data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU), data from a gyroscope, data from an odometer, data from a compass, data from a camera, data from a barometer, data associated with a steering wheel of a vehicle, or a combination thereof.

[0145] In another example, the UE may detect that the UE's location corresponds to a predefined location based on a map matching process.

[0146] At 1306, the UE may switch to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the UE's location upon detecting that the UE's location corresponds to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer may be associated with the predefined location, such as in conjunction with Fig.10 and Fig.11 For example, Fig.10 As shown, upon detecting that the car 602 is in the parking lot 604, the UE 606 may switch to using a second map layer to monitor the location of the car 602, wherein the second map layer corresponds to the parking lot 604. The switching of using at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0147] In one example, at least one second map layer is associated with a set of routes or locations for a predefined location, wherein the UE's location is monitored using the at least one second map layer based on a nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations. In such an example, to switch to monitoring the UE's location using the at least one second map layer, the UE may switch to the nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations based on the UE's location.

[0148] In another example, the UE may switch to using at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE based on at least one alternative positioning method, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method is different from GNSS communication. In such an example, the at least one alternative positioning method includes: RF sensing, Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, network-based positioning, UWB positioning, DR process, or a combination thereof.

[0149] In another example, the UE may use at least one second map layer to navigate the UE based on at least one alternative positioning method, such as in conjunction with Fig.10 and Fig.11 For example, Fig.11 As shown, UE 606 can use a map of parking lot 604 to navigate UE 606 based on network-based positioning or indoor positioning. Navigation of the UE can be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0150] In another example, the predefined location corresponds to a building including a plurality of floors, and the at least one second map layer includes a plurality of sub-layers corresponding to the plurality of floors in the building.

[0151] In another example, the at least one second map layer includes at least one feature associated with a predefined location.

[0152] In another example, the navigation of the UE is based on a PDR procedure.

[0153] In another example, the UE may identify a mobility pattern associated with the UE, wherein navigation of the UE is also based on the mobility pattern.

[0154] In another example, the UE may upload the second information to the crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with the predefined location or with the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, such as in conjunction with Fig. 9 and Fig.11 For example, Fig. 9As shown, UE 902 can upload the features captured for shopping mall 906 to server 904, so that other UEs can use these features to identify shopping mall 906. The uploading of information to the crowdsourcing server can be done by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0155] In another example, upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location, the UE may disable at least one navigation function associated with the map, such as in conjunction with Figure 6 and Fig.10 For example, as described in conjunction with Fig.10 As described, if UE 606 has enabled the “snap to road” function on the first map layer, UE 606 may be configured to disable the “snap to road” function on the first map layer after UE 606 detects that it is located in parking lot 604. The disabling of at least one navigation function may be performed by, for example Fig.14 The navigation component 198, cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or transceiver 1422 of the device 1404 are executed.

[0156] Fig.141400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1404. The apparatus 1404 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may include a cellular baseband processor 1424 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1422 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1424 may include on-chip memory 1424'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1420 and an application processor 1406 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1408 and a screen 1410. The application processor 1406 may include on-chip memory 1406'. In some aspects, the device 1404 may also include a Bluetooth module 1412, a WLAN module 1414, an SPS module 1416 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1418 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1426, a power source 1430, and / or a camera 1432. The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 1402 through the transceiver 1422 via one or more antennas 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', respectively. The additional memory module 1426 may also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', 1426 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software enables the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 to perform the various functions described above when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1404 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406, while in another configuration, the device 1404 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1404.

[0157] As discussed above, the navigation component 198 may be configured to monitor the location of the UE based on GNSS communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map. The navigation component 198 may also be configured to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold. The navigation component 198 may also be configured to switch to monitoring the location of the UE using at least one second map layer of a plurality of map layers when the location of the UE is detected to correspond to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location. The navigation component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, or both the cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406. The navigation component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, the device 1404 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1404 (and specifically, the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include components for monitoring the location of the UE based on GNSS communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least one first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map. The device 1404 may also include components for detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location when the GNSS communications are below a communication threshold. The device 1404 may also include components for switching to monitoring the location of the UE using at least one second map layer of a plurality of map layers when it is detected that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

[0158] In one configuration, the map is associated with at least one of a navigation application or a mapping application.

[0159] In another configuration, the GNSS communications being below the communication threshold corresponds to a detectability level of the GNSS communications, and wherein the GNSS communications are undetectable at a level below the communication threshold.

[0160] In another configuration, the predefined location corresponds to an indoor location, and the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a parking lot based on detecting that the UE is traveling over a limited number of speed bumps, the UE is stationary for a limited duration, the speed of the UE is decreasing, the UE is experiencing a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold, the UE is reversing, the UE is parked, the height of the UE changes, or a combination thereof.

[0161] In another configuration, means for detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location includes configuring apparatus 1404 to receive crowdsourced information associated with the predefined location, and detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location based on the crowdsourced information.

[0162] In another configuration, the means for detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location includes configuring the device 1404 to obtain a set of images captured by at least one camera, and the UE may detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera. In such a configuration, to obtain the set of images captured by the at least one camera, the device 1404 may receive a set of images captured by the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at a source external to the UE, or the device 1404 may capture a set of images with the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at the UE. In such a configuration, the set of images includes at least one image of: a front view of a vehicle, a rear view of a vehicle, one or more stop signs, one or more parked cars, one or more signs or symbols, or a combination thereof.

[0163] In another configuration, the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is based on a data collection process including at least one of ML or AI. In such a configuration, the data collection process is based on data captured from at least one sensor associated with the UE, and the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is also based on data captured from the at least one sensor. In such a configuration, the data captured from the at least one sensor corresponds to: data associated with GNSS communication, data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU), data from a gyroscope, data from an odometer, data from a compass, data from a camera, data from a barometer, data associated with a steering wheel of a vehicle, or a combination thereof.

[0164] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location based on a map matching process.

[0165] In another configuration, at least one second map layer is associated with a set of routes or locations for a predefined location, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using the at least one second map layer based on a most recent route or location in the set of routes or locations. In such a configuration, the means for switching to monitoring the location of the UE using the at least one second map layer includes configuring means 1404 to switch to a most recent route or location in the set of routes or locations based on the location of the UE.

[0166] In another configuration, the device 1404 may include a component for switching to using at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE based on at least one alternative positioning method, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method is different from GNSS communication. In such a configuration, the at least one alternative positioning method includes: RF sensing, Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, network-based positioning, UWB positioning, DR process, or a combination thereof.

[0167] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for navigating the UE using at least one second map layer based on the at least one alternative positioning method.

[0168] In another configuration, the predefined location corresponds to a building including a plurality of floors, and the at least one second map layer includes a plurality of sub-layers corresponding to the plurality of floors in the building.

[0169] In another configuration, at least one second map layer includes at least one feature associated with a predefined location.

[0170] In another configuration, the navigation of the UE is based on the PDR procedure.

[0171] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for identifying a mobility pattern associated with the UE, wherein navigation of the UE is further based on the mobility pattern.

[0172] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for uploading second information to a crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with the predefined location or with detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location.

[0173] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for disabling at least one navigation function associated with the map upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a predefined location.

[0174] These components may be the navigation component 198 of the device 1404 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the device 1404 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the components may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0175] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is only an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of each block in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0176] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when ..." and "at ..." do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ...", do not mean an instant action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but only mean that if the condition is met, the action will occur without a specific or instantaneous time constraint to make the action occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, data may be directly received / sent between the first device and the second device, or indirectly received / sent between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device", etc. cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

[0177] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0178] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0179] Aspect 1 is a method for performing wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: monitoring the position of the UE based on GNSS communication, wherein the position of the UE is monitored using at least one first map layer among multiple map layers associated with a map; when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold, detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position; and when detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position, switching to using at least one second map layer among the multiple map layers to monitor the position of the UE, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined position.

[0180] Aspect 2 is a method according to Aspect 1, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with a set of routes or locations for the predefined location, wherein the position of the UE is monitored using the at least one second map layer based on the nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations.

[0181] Aspect 3 is a method according to aspect 2, wherein switching to using the at least one second map layer to monitor the location of the UE also includes switching to the nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations based on the location of the UE.

[0182] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the GNSS communication below the communication threshold corresponds to a detectability level of the GNSS communication, and wherein the GNSS communication is undetectable when it is below a certain level of the communication threshold.

[0183] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the predefined location corresponds to an indoor location, and the method also includes detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to a parking lot based on detecting that the UE is traveling on a limited number of speed bumps, the UE is stationary for a limited duration, the speed of the UE is decreasing, the UE experiences a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold, the UE is reversing, the UE is parked, the height of the UE changes, or a combination thereof.

[0184] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position also includes: receiving crowdsourcing information associated with the predefined position; and detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position based on the crowdsourcing information.

[0185] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position also includes: obtaining a set of images captured by at least one camera; and detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera.

[0186] Aspect 8 is a method according to Aspect 7, wherein obtaining the set of images captured by the at least one camera also includes: receiving the set of images captured by the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at a source external to the UE; or capturing the set of images with the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at the UE.

[0187] Aspect 9 is a method according to Aspect 7, wherein the set of images includes at least one image of: a front view of a vehicle, a rear view of the vehicle, one or more stop signs, one or more parked cars, one or more signs or symbols, or a combination thereof.

[0188] Aspect 10 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is based on a data collection process including at least one of ML or AI.

[0189] Aspect 11 is a method according to aspect 10, wherein the data collection process is based on data captured from at least one sensor associated with the UE, and wherein the detection that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position is also based on the data captured from the at least one sensor.

[0190] Aspect 12 is a method according to Aspect 11, wherein the data captured from the at least one sensor corresponds to: data associated with the GNSS communication, data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU), data from a gyroscope, data from an odometer, data from a compass, data from a camera, data from a barometer, data associated with a steering wheel of a vehicle, or a combination thereof.

[0191] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising detecting, based on a map matching process, that the position of the UE corresponds to the predefined position.

[0192] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, the method also including switching to monitoring the position of the UE using the at least one second map layer based on at least one alternative positioning method, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method is different from the GNSS communication.

[0193] Aspect 15 is a method according to aspect 14, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method includes: RF sensing, Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, network-based positioning, UWB positioning, DR process, or a combination thereof.

[0194] Aspect 16 is a method according to aspect 14, the method further comprising navigating the UE using the at least one second map layer based on the at least one alternative positioning method.

[0195] Aspect 17 is a method according to aspect 16, wherein the predefined location corresponds to a building including a plurality of floors, and the at least one second map layer includes a plurality of sub-layers corresponding to the plurality of floors in the building.

[0196] Aspect 18 is a method according to aspect 16, wherein the at least one second map layer includes at least one feature associated with the predefined location.

[0197] Aspect 19 is a method according to aspect 16, wherein the navigation of the UE is based on a PDR procedure.

[0198] Aspect 20 is a method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: identifying a mobility pattern associated with the UE, wherein the navigation of the UE is also based on the mobility pattern.

[0199] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 20, the method further comprising uploading second information to a crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with the predefined location or is associated with the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location.

[0200] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 21, wherein the map is associated with at least one of a navigation application or a map application.

[0201] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 22, the method also comprising disabling at least one navigation function associated with the map when it is detected that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location.

[0202] Aspect 24 is an apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 23 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0203] Aspect 25 is the apparatus of aspect 24, further comprising at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0204] Aspect 26 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 23.

[0205] Aspect 27 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 23.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; Transceiver; as well as at least one processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: monitoring a location of the UE based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least a first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map; detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold; as well as Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, switching to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the location of the UE, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with a set of routes or locations for the predefined location, and wherein the location of the UE is monitored using the at least one second map layer based on a nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to monitor the location of the UE using the at least one second map layer, the at least one processor is configured to: Switching to the nearest route or location in the set of routes or locations based on the location of the UE. 4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the GNSS communications being below the communications threshold corresponds to a detectability level of the GNSS communications, and wherein the GNSS communications are undetectable at a level below the communications threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the predefined location corresponds to an indoor location, and the at least one processor is further configured to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to a parking lot based on detecting that: The UE travels on a limited number of speed bumps, The UE is stationary for a defined duration, The UE's speed is decreasing, The UE undergoes a number of turns exceeding a turning threshold, The UE is reversing. The UE is parked, The altitude of the UE changes, or A combination of them.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving crowdsourced information associated with the predefined location; and The location of the UE is detected to correspond to the predefined location based on the crowdsourced information.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, the at least one processor is configured to: obtaining a set of images captured by at least one camera; and The location of the UE is detected to correspond to the predefined location based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein to obtain the set of images captured by the at least one camera, the at least one processor is configured to: receiving the set of images captured by the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at a source external to the UE; or The set of images is captured with the at least one camera, wherein the at least one camera is located at the UE.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the set of images comprises at least one image of: Front view of the vehicle, a rear view of the vehicle, One or more stop signs, One or more parked cars, one or more marks or symbols, or A combination of them.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is based on a data collection process including at least one of machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI).

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the data collection process is based on data captured from at least one sensor associated with the UE, and wherein the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location is also based on the data captured from the at least one sensor.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the data captured from the at least one sensor corresponds to: data associated with said GNSS communications, Data from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Data from the gyroscope, Data from the odometer, Data from the compass, Data from the camera, Data from the barometer, data associated with the vehicle's steering wheel, or A combination of them.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location based on a map matching process.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to switch to monitoring the location of the UE using the at least one second map layer based on at least one alternative positioning method, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method is different from the GNSS communication.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one alternative positioning method comprises: Radio Frequency (RF) sensing, Wi-Fi positioning, Bluetooth positioning, Based on network positioning, Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning, Dead Reckoning (DR) process, or A combination of them.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The UE is navigated using the at least one second map layer based on the at least one alternative positioning method.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the predefined location corresponds to a building comprising a plurality of floors, and the at least one second map layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers corresponding to the plurality of floors in the building.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one second map layer comprises at least one feature associated with the predefined location.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the navigation of the UE is based on a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) process.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A mobility pattern associated with the UE is identified, wherein the navigation of the UE is further based on the mobility pattern.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Uploading second information to a crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with the predefined location or with the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location.

22. The device of claim 1, wherein the map is associated with at least one of a navigation application or a mapping application.

23. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, at least one navigation function associated with the map is disabled.

24. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: monitoring a location of the UE based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least a first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map; detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold; as well as Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, switching to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the location of the UE, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location further comprises: receiving crowdsourced information associated with the predefined location; as well as The location of the UE is detected to correspond to the predefined location based on the crowdsourced information.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location further comprises: obtaining a set of images captured by at least one camera; as well as The location of the UE is detected to correspond to the predefined location based on the set of images captured by the at least one camera.

27. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: Uploading second information to a crowdsourcing server, wherein the second information is associated with the predefined location or with the detection that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location.

28. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, at least one navigation function associated with the map is disabled.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: means for monitoring a location of the UE based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least a first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map; means for detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold; as well as means for switching to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the location of the UE upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

30. A computer readable medium storing computer executable code at a user equipment (UE) which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: monitoring a location of the UE based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communications, wherein the location of the UE is monitored using at least a first map layer of a plurality of map layers associated with a map; detecting that the position of the UE corresponds to a predefined position when the GNSS communication is below a communication threshold; as well as Upon detecting that the location of the UE corresponds to the predefined location, switching to using at least one second map layer of the plurality of map layers to monitor the location of the UE, wherein the at least one second map layer is associated with the predefined location.

Images