Multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting

Abstract

The invention discloses multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, the multi-layer fertilization equipment structurally comprises a shoveling guide bin, a shoveling-in channel, a lifting conveying channel, a first-stage crushing channel and a second-stage crushing channel are sequentially arranged in the shoveling guide bin from front to back, and a protruding structure is integrally formed in the middle side of the bottom of the shoveling guide bin; a fertilization box II, a rotary turning device and a compression roller II are sequentially mounted at the bottom of the upheaval structure from front to back; the multi-layer fertilizer applying device has the multi-layer fertilizer applying capacity, different kinds of fertilizers can be accurately applied to the shallow layer and the deep layer of soil, on the basis of ensuring the fertilizer applying uniformity, mixing and doping of different fertilizers are avoided, the situation that the fertilizers which should act on the periphery of crop roots to provide sufficient nutrients are drawn by weeds on the ground is prevented, and the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved. It is guaranteed that crops can effectively absorb nutritional ingredients in the fertilizer in the growth cycle, the normal growth and development requirements of the crops are met, and the yield and quality of the crops are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting. Background Art

[0002] Multi-layer fertilization can apply fertilizers into the soil in layers, so that fertilizers are released at different soil depths, thereby improving fertilizer utilization. For example, deep application of base fertilizer can slowly release fertilizers in the soil, providing a lasting nutrient supply for corn growth. Seed fertilizers are applied near seeds to provide timely nutrient support for seedlings. The existing application number is CN201610311707.3, a corn large ridge double-row deep tillage layered fertilization seeder. The patent document discloses a method of using two independent pipes to apply fertilizer to different positions on the ground in a targeted manner. Specifically, crushed straw or organic fertilizer is received and discharged to the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrowing plow through the discharge port of the middle fertilizer discharge pipe in the middle, and the left and right fertilizer discharge pipes on both sides discharge the fertilizer to the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal furrow, thereby achieving the purpose of layered fertilization. However, when using the technical solution in the above patent document, since the fertilizer is transmitted by means of a pipeline conveying system, a strip-shaped fertilization track is formed on the surface when the fertilization equipment is in operation; this fertilization method will cause the fertilizer application sites to be relatively concentrated, which cannot effectively match the larger distribution range of the plant root system, and is not conducive to the diffusion of fertilizer in the soil and the absorption of plant roots, thereby having a negative impact on the fertilizer effect, reducing the fertilizer utilization rate, and affecting the growth and development of crops. Therefore, the present application provides a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting, which has multi-layer fertilization capabilities and can accurately apply different types of fertilizers to the shallow and deep layers of the soil respectively; on the basis of ensuring the uniformity of fertilization, it avoids the mixing and mixing of different fertilizers to prevent the fertilizers that should act around the root system of the crop to provide sufficient nutrients from being absorbed by the surface weeds, thereby ensuring that the crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizers during the growth cycle, maintain their normal growth and development needs, and thus improve the yield and quality of the crops.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: Provided is a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting, comprising a shovel guide bin, the front end or side end of which is connected to a power device via a traction rod, the travel direction of the power device being defined as forward, a shovel entry channel, a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel and a secondary crushing channel being sequentially arranged inside the shovel guide bin from front to back, the shovel entry channel and the primary crushing channel both being structures of equal cross-section, and the lifting and conveying channel being a structure of being wider at the bottom and narrower at the top.

[0005] The power equipment may be a John Deere tractor, a Dongfanghong tractor, a Zoomlion tractor, a wheeled tractor, a crawler tractor, a walking tractor or other agricultural tractors, and the specific equipment model may be adjusted according to the thickness of the topsoil to be shoveled.

[0006] Furthermore, the shovel guide bin is fixedly installed with a plurality of shovel teeth I at the front end corresponding to the bottom of the shovel-entering channel; the shovel guide bin is rotatably installed with a plurality of rollers corresponding to the top position of the lifting conveying channel, and the end of the roller located at the end is provided with a driving shaft I, and the outer sides of the plurality of rollers are sleeved and connected with a conveyor belt through friction transmission; the shovel guide bin is slidably installed with a plurality of crushing pestles that are independently controlled from each other at the top corresponding to the primary crushing channel; Furthermore, a fertilizer box I is installed at the top position of the shovel guide bin corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. The fertilizer box I stores organic fertilizer and compound microbial agents. The compound microbial agents include one or more of Bacillus laterosporus, Fusarium solani, Fermentative Cellulomonas, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Penicillium expansum, Trametes versicolor and Sphingomonas. A fertilizer pipe I is fixed and connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box I. The fertilizer pipe I passes through the top of the shovel guide bin and extends towards the inner direction of the secondary crushing channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the shovel guide bin is provided with an arcuate sieve plate and two crushing discs on the inner side corresponding to the secondary crushing channel, the two crushing discs are both located on the upper side of the arcuate sieve plate and are rotatably connected to the shovel guide bin, a driving shaft II is provided at the end of the crushing disc on one side, a plurality of shredding knives are fixedly installed between the two crushing discs, a plurality of sieve holes are provided on the arcuate sieve plate, and a slag discharge notch is provided on the lower side of the shovel guide bin corresponding to the arcuate sieve plate. After the surface weeds are crushed and mixed with organic fertilizer and compound microbial agent, they are discharged from the slag discharge notch to the ground through the sieve holes, and larger weeds are intercepted by the sieve holes and then further crushed by the shredding knives.

[0008] Furthermore, a raised structure is integrally formed on the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin, and side baffles are fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure; a fertilizer box II, a rotary turner and a pressure roller II are installed in sequence from front to back at the bottom of the raised structure, and water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers or slow-release fertilizers are stored in the fertilizer box II, and a fertilizer pipe II is fixed and connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box II; wireless control valves or Internet of Things electric valves are respectively provided on the fertilizer pipe I and the fertilizer pipe II.

[0009] In the present application, an optional technical solution for installing the rotary device at the bottom of the raised structure is: a reversing seat is fixedly installed between the two side baffles, the rotary device is rotatably installed on the reversing seat, and a rotating driver for driving the rotary device to rotate is installed on the reversing seat; the rotary device is installed at the bottom of the raised structure in a vertical state.

[0010] In the present application, another optional technical solution for the installation method of the rotary flipper at the bottom of the raised structure is: a reversing seat is rotatably installed between the two side baffles, a driving shaft III is provided at the end of the reversing seat, the rotary flipper is rotatably installed on the reversing seat, and a rotating driver for driving the rotary flipper to rotate is installed on the reversing seat; the rotary flipper can freely switch between vertical extension and horizontal retraction at the bottom of the raised structure.

[0011] Furthermore, there are a plurality of rotary flippers, the working rotation directions of adjacent rotary flippers are opposite, and the number of the rotary drivers corresponds to the number of the rotary flippers.

[0012] Furthermore, a shearing arm is horizontally and slidably installed at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin, a driving arm is fixedly installed on the shearing arm, a U-shaped frame is fixedly installed on the bottom front side of the raised structure, the driving arm is plug-in and slidably connected to the U-shaped frame, and a plurality of shovel teeth II with the same shape and size as shovel teeth I are arranged on the shearing arm.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of shearing blades are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the crushing pestle, a crushing head is integrally formed at the front end of the shearing blade, a bearing plate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom of the first-level crushing channel, and a plurality of extrusion grooves that can be plugged and engaged with the shearing blades and the crushing head are arranged at equal intervals on the top of the bearing plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the pressure roller II is installed at the bottom of the raised structure through a positioning seat and an annular seat; two annular seats are rotatably installed on the pressure roller II, the annular seat is vertically slidably connected to the positioning seat, the positioning seat is detachably fixedly connected to the shovel guide bin, and a horizontal axis is fixedly installed between the two annular seats, and the horizontal axis is slidably connected to the positioning seat.

[0015] Furthermore, a slider is detachably fixedly mounted on the shearing arm, an embedding groove and a limit plate are provided at the bottom of the shovel guide bin, the slider is slidably engaged with the embedding groove, and the side of the driving arm and the side of the limit plate are abutted and matched.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting exemplified in the present invention implements weeding operations by shoveling and crushing surface weeds and grass seeds to prevent fertilizers applied to the soil from being absorbed by weeds and grass seeds. On this basis, the crushed surface weeds and grass seeds are decomposed and utilized to convert them into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, thereby ensuring that crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizer during the growth cycle, maintain their normal growth and development needs, and improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0017] 2. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting in the example of the present invention mixes weed leaf fragments, organic fertilizer and composite microorganisms, and decomposes and utilizes the weed leaf fragments through the metabolic activities of various beneficial microorganisms in the composite microbial agent; then, the mixture is evenly discharged to the ground from the narrow and long slag discharge slot through the sieve holes and compacted by the pressing roller I; since the slag discharge slot and the shredder knife are both corresponding to the size of the shovel guide bin, the area where the surface soil is shoveled is re-covered with soil, and the shoveled surface soil is filled back to the original position in an orderly manner to ensure the flatness of the ground and the stability of the soil structure.

[0018] 3. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting in the example of the present invention transfers, crushes, and mixes organic fertilizer and compound microbial agent on surface weeds and surface soil along the paths of shoveling channel, lifting conveying channel, primary crushing channel and secondary crushing channel; in this process, the mixture bypasses the raised structure on the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin, so that shallow soil fertilization and deep soil fertilization are completely isolated and unaffected by each other. After being pressed by pressing roller I and pressing roller II respectively, the mixing and mixing of different fertilizers applied in layers can be effectively avoided, the effectiveness and independence of fertilizers at different levels in the soil are guaranteed, and the plant roots at different depths can be helped to fully absorb the fertilizer nutrients they need, thereby improving the fertilization effect and promoting the healthy growth of plants.

[0019] 4. In the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting illustrated in the present invention, the sliding direction of the crushing pestle is staggered from the normal of the horizontal plane. As the crushing pestle moves downward in the primary crushing channel, the weed fragments retained in the primary crushing channel are pushed to the secondary crushing channel, thereby increasing the transfer efficiency of the weed fragments and dealing with the crushing of surface weeds with dense and thick branches and leaves, so that the equipment can better adapt to complex surface weed conditions and increase the use effect of the equipment.

[0020] 5. In the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting illustrated in the present invention, since the direction in which the crushing pestle moves downward is inclined and extends along the bottom rear side of the first-level crushing channel, and the rolling head is located at the front end of the crushing pestle, the crushing pestle can contact the shoveled surface weeds before the shearing blade. Under the squeezing action of the rolling head, the bottom part of the weeds is pressed into the squeezing groove, so that the weeds can only slide along the extension direction of the squeezing groove, which plays a guiding role. As the subsequent shearing blade moves downward, the weeds are accurately chopped; under the action of multiple independently controlled crushing pestles, efficient crushing of surface weeds and grass seeds is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 The overall structure of the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The overall structure of the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the entire multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged view of point D in the middle; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a shearing arm provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped screen plate, the crushing pestle and the bearing plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped screen plate, the crushing disk and the shredding knife provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a crushing pestle, a shearing blade and a crushing head provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13A schematic diagram of the structure of a reversing seat and a rotary turning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning seat and pressure roller II provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 11 shovel guide bin, 111 shovel entry channel, 112 cleaning cover, 113 embedding groove, 114 limit plate, 12 shovel tooth I, 121 rotating shaft, 122 pressure roller I, 13 conveyor belt, 131 rotating roller, 132 driving shaft I, 14 arc screen plate, 141 sieve hole, 15 U-shaped frame, 16 side baffle, 17 fertilizer box I, 18 fertilizer box II, 181 filling cover, 21 shearing arm, 22 shovel tooth II, 221 slider, 23 driving arm, 24 first linear electric cylinder, 31 crushing disc, 311 drive shaft II, 32 chopping knife, 33 sleeve, 34 crushing pestle, 341 shearing blade, 342 crushing head, 35 second linear electric cylinder, 36 bearing plate, 361 extrusion cutting groove, 41 reversing seat, 411 drive shaft III, 42 rotary turner, 43 rotating driver, 51 positioning seat, 52 annular seat, 53 pressure roller II, 54 transverse axis, 55 articulated seat, 56 third linear electric cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0024] The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

[0029] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting, including a shovel guide bin 11, the front end or side end of the shovel guide bin 11 is connected to a power device through a traction rod, and the travel direction of the power device is defined as forward. The interior of the shovel guide bin 11 is provided with a shovel entry channel 111, a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel and a secondary crushing channel from front to back; the shovel entry channel 111 and the primary crushing channel are both of equal cross-sectional structure, and the lifting and conveying channel is of a structure that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top; the shovel entry channel 111 shovels up surface weeds and soil that may contain weed seeds together, and enters the primary crushing channel and the secondary crushing channel through the lifting and conveying channel to implement secondary crushing, and different types of fertilizers are applied in the crushing process and in the soil layer of the shoveled surface soil, respectively, to implement multi-layer fertilization operation.

[0030] The present application prevents the fertilizer applied to the soil from being absorbed by the weeds and grass seeds by shoveling and crushing the surface weeds and grass seeds, and on this basis, decomposes and utilizes the crushed surface weeds and grass seeds, converting them into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, ensuring that crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizer during the growth cycle, maintain their normal growth and development needs, and thereby improve the yield and quality of the crops.

[0031] The power equipment may be a John Deere tractor, a Dongfanghong tractor, a Zoomlion tractor, a wheeled tractor, a crawler tractor, a walking tractor or other agricultural tractors, and the specific equipment model may be adjusted according to the thickness of the topsoil to be shoveled.

[0032] like Figure 4As shown, the front end of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the bottom of the shovel entry channel 111 is provided with a plurality of shovel teeth Ⅰ12, and the plurality of shovel teeth Ⅰ12 are fixedly installed at the front end of the shovel guide bin 11 at equal intervals.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the shovel guide bin 11 is rotatably installed with multiple rollers 131 corresponding to the top position of the lifting conveying channel, and the end of the roller 131 located at the end is provided with a driving shaft I 132, and the outer sides of the multiple rollers 131 are sleeved and connected with a conveyor belt 13 through friction transmission.

[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, the shovel guide bin 11 is integrally formed at the top position corresponding to the lifting conveying channel and is provided with two scraping blade structures for scraping dirt off the surface of the conveyor belt 13 .

[0035] like Figure 3 and Fig.10 As shown, the shovel guide bin 11 is slidably mounted with a plurality of crushing pestles 34 at the top corresponding to the primary crushing channel. The plurality of crushing pestles 34 are staggered in multiple rows at equal intervals and are independently controlled from each other. A second linear electric cylinder 35 for driving the crushing pestles 34 to move is fixedly mounted on the top of the shovel guide bin 11.

[0036] Among them, the sliding direction of the crushing pestle 34 is staggered with the normal of the horizontal plane. As the crushing pestle 34 moves downward in the primary crushing channel, the weed fragments remaining in the primary crushing channel are pushed to the secondary crushing channel, thereby increasing the transfer efficiency of the weed fragments and being able to crush the surface weeds with dense and thick branches and leaves.

[0037] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the shovel guide bin 11 is provided with a fertilizer box Ⅰ17 at the top position corresponding to the secondary crushing channel, and the fertilizer box Ⅰ17 stores organic fertilizer and composite microbial agents, and the composite microbial agents include one or more of Bacillus laterosporus, Fusarium solani, Fermentative Cellulomonas, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Penicillium expansum, Trametes versicolor and Sphingomonas; a fertilizer pipe Ⅰ is fixed and connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box Ⅰ17, and the fertilizer pipe Ⅰ passes through the top of the shovel guide bin 11 and extends toward the inner direction of the secondary crushing channel.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Fig.11As shown, the shovel guide bin 11 is provided with an arcuate sieve plate 14 and two pulverizing discs 31 on the inner side corresponding to the secondary pulverizing channel, and a cleaning cover 112 is rotatably installed on the top rear side of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the secondary pulverizing channel; the two pulverizing discs 31 are both located on the upper side of the arcuate sieve plate 14 and are rotatably connected to the shovel guide bin 11, a driving shaft II 311 is provided at the end of the pulverizing disc 31 on one side, a plurality of shredding knives 32 are fixedly installed between the two pulverizing discs 31, a plurality of sieve holes 141 are provided on the arcuate sieve plate 14, and a slag discharge slot is provided on the lower side of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the arcuate sieve plate 14.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a raised structure is integrally formed on the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, and side baffles 16 are fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure; a fertilizer box Ⅱ18, a rotary turning device 42 and a pressure roller Ⅱ53 are installed in sequence from front to back at the bottom of the raised structure; a main shaft is provided in the middle of the rotary turning device 42, and a spiral turning plate is provided on the outside of the main shaft; water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer is stored in the fertilizer box Ⅱ18, and a fertilizer pipe Ⅱ is fixed and connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box Ⅱ18.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a filling pipe is fixed and connected to the top side end of the fertilizer box II 18. The filling pipe passes through the side baffle 16 and extends toward the outside of the side baffle 16. A filling cap 181 is detachably fixedly installed at the end of the filling pipe.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a rotating shaft 121 is fixedly installed in the slag discharge groove, and a pressing roller Ⅰ122 is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft 121. The pressing roller Ⅰ122 is used to suppress the weed leaves, organic fertilizer and composite microorganisms to achieve close contact and compaction of the three.

[0042] like Figure 8 As shown, the cross-section of the chopping knife 32 is circular, and a blade-shaped protrusion is integrally formed on the side of the circular chopping knife 32. The extension direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotation tangent direction of the crushing disk 31 at this position. As the two crushing disks 31 rotate, the multiple chopping knives 32 are driven to move synchronously, and the blade-shaped protrusion is used to chop the weed leaves placed on the upper side of the arc screen plate 14, implementing a secondary crushing process.

[0043] The specific details of the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting using this application are as follows: 1. Preparation before use; Add organic fertilizer and compound microbial agent to fertilizer box Ⅰ17, and add water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer to fertilizer box Ⅱ18; open the cleaning cover 112, check whether there are foreign objects between the arc screen plate 14 and the chopping knife 32; check whether the conveyor belt 13 and the roller 131 can operate normally; then drive the power equipment to move the shovel guide bin 11 to the corn planting site where fertilization is required.

[0044] 2. Fertilize shallow soil layer; As the power equipment moves, the shovel teeth Ⅰ12 are used to shovel up the weeds on the ground and the soil that may contain weed seeds, and the two move along the shoveling channel 111 to the bottom of the lifting conveying channel; since the lifting conveying channel is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, the weeds and soil on the ground will gather at the bottom of the lifting conveying channel; as the conveyor belt 13 continues to operate and the subsequent materials are pushed, the two are compacted and move upward along the lifting conveying channel to the primary crushing channel; After that, the surface weeds pass through the primary crushing channel and the secondary crushing channel in sequence, and are crushed by the crushing pestle 34 and cut by the chopping knife 32, and then undergo primary crushing and secondary crushing. During the secondary crushing process, the weed leaves, organic fertilizer and composite microbial agent are evenly mixed. Finally, the mixed weed leaves, organic fertilizer and composite microorganisms are evenly discharged to the ground from the narrow slag discharge slot through the sieve holes 141 and compacted by the pressing roller I 122; since the slag discharge slot and the chopping knife 32 are both corresponding to the size of the shovel guide bin 11, the area where the surface soil is shoveled up is re-covered with soil, and the shoveled surface soil is filled back to its original position in an orderly manner to ensure the flatness of the ground and the stability of the soil structure.

[0045] 3. Fertilize deeply in the soil; First, water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer is applied to the soil layer of the shoveled topsoil using the fertilizer box II 18; Afterwards, as the rotary turning device 42 turns over the soil layer and the fertilizer, the soil layer is gradually loosened and stirred, and the fertilizer is evenly dispersed in every corner of the deep soil, thereby achieving deep soil fertilization. This fertilization method can make the fertilizer closer to the main distribution area of ​​the corn crop root system, providing a more lasting and more effective nutrient supply for the growth of the corn crop, and greatly improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer compared to the traditional surface fertilization method. Finally, the deep soil layer is compacted by roller II 53 to avoid excessive loss of fertilizer due to excessive soil pores and water and other factors, thereby effectively maintaining soil fertility.

[0046] In the above step 2, since the arc sieve plate 14 is arc-shaped as a whole, the weeds and leaves that are not completely chopped are concentrated on the middle side of the bottom of the arc sieve plate 14. Since the extension direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotation tangent direction of the shredding disk 31, the cutting force on the weeds and leaves is more concentrated and the direction is stable. When the blade-shaped protrusion chops the weeds and leaves, the arc sieve plate 14 plays a supporting and screening role, and the weeds and leaves that are not completely chopped are left on the upper side of the arc sieve plate 14 and continue to be cut by the shredding knife 32.

[0047] In the above step 2, the weed leaf fragments, organic fertilizer and composite microbial agent are fully mixed, and the weed leaf fragments are decomposed and utilized through the metabolic activities of various beneficial microorganisms in the composite microbial agent. In this process, the microorganisms in the composite microbial agent can secrete extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase, ligninase, etc. These enzymes can act on complex organic substances such as cellulose and lignin in the weed leaf fragments, and decompose them into simple small molecules, such as glucose, amino acids, etc.

[0048] In the above step 2, the pressing roller Ⅰ122 is used to press the weed leaf fragments, organic fertilizer and composite microorganisms to achieve close contact and compaction of the three, so that the weed leaf fragments can be better mixed with the organic fertilizer and the composite microorganisms after being pressed, providing a suitable attachment environment for the microorganisms; the organic fertilizer is not easily blown away by the wind or washed away by rain after being compacted, which is beneficial to maintaining the concentration of soil fertility; the contact area of ​​the composite microorganisms with the weed leaf fragments and organic fertilizer is increased after being pressed, which is more conducive to the microorganisms to decompose organic matter such as weed leaf fragments, accelerate the fermentation process, and improve the efficiency of soil fertility improvement.

[0049] In the process of implementing the above-mentioned scheme of the present application, surface weeds and surface soil are transferred and crushed along the paths of the shoveling channel 111, the lifting and conveying channel, the primary crushing channel and the secondary crushing channel, bypassing the raised structure on the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, so that shallow soil fertilization and deep soil fertilization are completely isolated and unaffected by each other. After being pressed by the pressing roller I122 and the pressing roller II53 respectively, the mixing and mixing of different fertilizers applied in layers is avoided.

[0050] In the present application, the rotation control method for the drive shaft Ⅰ132 and the drive shaft Ⅱ311 is as follows: a hydraulic motor Ⅰ and a hydraulic motor Ⅱ are installed on the shovel guide bin 11, and the hydraulic motor Ⅰ and the hydraulic motor Ⅱ are respectively connected to the drive shaft Ⅰ132 and the drive shaft Ⅱ311; start the hydraulic motor Ⅰ and the hydraulic motor Ⅱ to drive the roller 131 and the crushing disc 31 to rotate.

[0051] In order to facilitate the cleaning and maintenance of the interior of the primary crushing channel, Figure 3 and Fig.12As shown, a sleeve 33 is fixed and connected to the top of the shovel guide bin 11, the number of the sleeves 33 corresponds to the number of the crushing pestles 34, the crushing pestles 34 are slidably connected to the sleeves 33, and the second linear electric cylinder 35 is fixedly installed on the top of the sleeve 33; the plurality of crushing pestles 34 are respectively controlled to retract into their respective corresponding sleeves 33, at this time, the plane on the lower side of the top of the primary crushing channel is exposed, the weeds and leaves are no longer blocked by the crushing pestles 34 in the conveying direction, and the debris adhered to the bottom of the crushing pestles 34 is easy to scrape off, and the inside of the primary crushing channel can be cleaned by a long-handled shovel to prevent the weeds and leaves from remaining inside the equipment and affecting the subsequent use of the equipment.

[0052] In order to improve the effect of deep fertilizer application, Figure 1 and Fig.13 As shown, there are multiple rotary turning devices 42, and the working rotation directions of adjacent rotary turning devices 42 are the same or opposite, and the number of rotating drivers 43 corresponds to the number of rotary turning devices 42; multiple rotary turning devices 42 are used at the same time to increase the uniformity of rotary turning of deeper soil, so that the fertilizer discharged from the fertilization pipe I is fully dispersed in this part of the soil, and under the action of the pressing roller II 53, continuous fertilization, land preparation and pressing links are implemented, wherein the land preparation link is implemented in the closed area between the two side baffles 16, which can effectively avoid the splashing of ground soil and reduce safety hazards.

[0053] In this embodiment, the pressure roller II 53 is rotatably mounted on a shaft, and the shaft is fixedly mounted between the two side baffles 16 . The two ends of the pressure roller II 53 are respectively in contact with the inner side surfaces of the two side baffles 16 .

[0054] In this embodiment, the installation method of the rotary turning device 42 at the bottom of the raised structure is as follows: a reversing seat 41 is detachably fixedly installed between the two side baffles 16, the rotary turning device 42 is rotatably installed on the reversing seat 41, and a rotating driver 43 for driving the rotary turning device 42 to rotate is installed on the reversing seat 41; the rotary turning device 42 is maintained in a vertical state and is installed at the bottom of the raised structure; when the equipment needs to be used for multi-layer fertilization operations, the reversing seat 41 is installed between the two side baffles 16 using multiple fasteners such as bolts according to the operating depth of the rotary turning device 42.

[0055] Embodiment 2: The features of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described in detail. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig.13 As shown, in this embodiment, a reversing seat 41 is rotatably installed between the two side baffles 16, a driving shaft III 411 is provided at the end of the reversing seat 41, a rotary actuator 42 is rotatably installed on the reversing seat 41, and a rotating driver 43 for driving the rotary actuator 42 to rotate is installed on the reversing seat 41.

[0056] A hydraulic motor III is installed on the side baffle 16 on one side, and the hydraulic motor III is connected to the drive shaft III 411. The hydraulic motor III is started to drive the reversing seat 41 to rotate. Compared with the first embodiment, the rotary turning device 42 maintains a constant vertical state. By using the above scheme of this embodiment, by changing the rotation angle of the reversing seat 41 on the side baffle 16, the rotary turning device 42 can be freely adjusted to meet the different degrees of soil turning operation requirements, so as to adapt to the use of corn planting fields with various geological conditions. Compared with the installation method of the reversing seat 41 in Example 1, using the above-mentioned scheme of this embodiment, when the equipment is idle, the rotary device 42 is switched from a vertically extended state to a horizontally retracted state, so that the rotary device 42 is completely retracted to the bottom of the raised structure and the area between the two side baffles 16. There is no need to frequently disassemble the reversing seat 41, and the equipment is easy to operate.

[0057] Embodiment three: The features of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described in detail. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Fig. 9 As shown, in this embodiment, a shearing arm 21 is horizontally slidably installed at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin 11, a driving arm 23 is fixedly installed on the shearing arm 21, a first linear electric cylinder 24 for controlling the movement of the driving arm 23 is installed on the inner side of the side baffle 16, a U-shaped frame 15 is fixedly installed on the bottom front side of the raised structure, the driving arm 23 is plug-in and slidably connected to the U-shaped frame 15, and a plurality of shovel teeth II 22 with the same shape and size as the shovel teeth I 12 are arranged on the shearing arm 21.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, the driving arm 23 is a bent structure, corresponding to the bottom front side contour of the raised structure, ensuring the fit between the driving arm 23 and the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, preventing debris from entering between the driving arm 23 and the shovel guide bin 11, and on this basis, lengthening the top length of the driving arm 23 so that the installation position of the first linear electric cylinder 24 can be away from the ground.

[0059] The first linear electric cylinder 24 is started to control the driving arm 23 and the shredding arm 21 to move back and forth together. During this process, the driving arm 23 is stably embedded in the U-shaped frame 15, so that the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12 are periodically overlapped or staggered, and the weeds on the surface are preliminarily shredded during the process of shoveling, thereby reducing the subsequent crushing pressure.

[0060] To increase the shearing effect of shovel teeth II 22 and shovel teeth I 12 on weeds, Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig. 9As shown, a slider 221 is detachably fixedly installed on the shearing arm 21, and the cross-section of the slider 221 is trapezoidal. An embedding groove 113 and a limit plate 114 are provided at the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, and the slider 221 is slidably connected with the embedding groove 113, and the side of the driving arm 23 and the side of the limit plate 114 are abutted and matched; the slider 221 is engaged with the embedding groove 113 to achieve precise positioning and guiding functions, so that the upper side surface of the shovel tooth II 22 and the lower side surface of the shovel tooth I 12 are kept in a fitted state, the shear force transmission path of the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12 is optimized, and the vibration wear of the shovel teeth during work is reduced, so that the shear force is transmitted along the most effective path, avoiding energy dispersion, and increasing the shearing efficiency and shearing quality of the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12.

[0061] Embodiment 4: The features of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described in detail. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Fig.10 and Fig.12 As shown, in this embodiment, a plurality of shearing blades 341 are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the crushing pestle 34, a crushing head 342 is integrally formed at the front end of the shearing blade 341, a supporting plate 36 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel, and a plurality of extrusion grooves 361 that can be plugged and engaged with the shearing blades 341 and the crushing head 342 are arranged at equal intervals on the top of the supporting plate 36.

[0062] Since the crushing pestle 34 moves downward in an oblique direction along the rear side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel, and the crushing head 342 is located at the front end of the crushing pestle 34, the crushing pestle 34 can contact the shoveled surface weeds before the shearing blade 341. Under the squeezing action of the crushing head 342, the bottom part of the weeds is pressed into the squeezing groove 361, so that the weeds can only slide along the extension direction of the squeezing groove 361, which plays a guiding role. As the subsequent shearing blade 341 moves downward, the weeds are accurately chopped; under the action of multiple independently controlled crushing pestles 34, efficient crushing of surface weeds and grass seeds is achieved.

[0063] Embodiment five: The features of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described in detail. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Figure 5 and Fig.14 As shown, in this embodiment, the pressure roller II 53 is installed at the bottom of the raised structure through a positioning seat 51 and an annular seat 52; two annular seats 52 are rotatably installed on the pressure roller II 53, the annular seat 52 is vertically slidably connected to the positioning seat 51, the positioning seat 51 is detachably fixedly connected to the shovel guide bin 11, and a horizontal shaft 54 ​​is fixedly installed between the two annular seats 52, and the horizontal shaft 54 ​​is slidably connected to the positioning seat 51.

[0064] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig.14 As shown, an articulated seat 55 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the bottom of the raised structure, a third linear electric cylinder 56 is rotatably installed on the articulated seat 55, a sleeve is fixedly installed on the movable end of the third linear electric cylinder 56, and the sleeve is rotatably connected to the horizontal axis 54.

[0065] Start the third linear electric cylinder 56, control the horizontal axis 54 to slide vertically on the positioning seat 51, drive the two annular seats 52 to move synchronously, change the vertical relative position between the pressure roller II 53 and the shovel guide bin 11, and then adjust the rolling force of the pressure roller II 53 on the deep soil layer to adapt to the soil compaction requirements after the soil turning operations of multiple rotary turning devices 42 to different degrees, avoid excessive loss of fertilizer due to excessive soil pores and water and other factors, thereby effectively maintaining soil fertility and improving agricultural production efficiency.

[0066] In the present application, the fertilization pipe I and the fertilization pipe II are respectively provided with a wireless control valve or an Internet of Things electric valve.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application.

[0068] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the remaining technical features are known technologies to those skilled in the art. In order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention, the remaining technical features will not be described here in detail.

Claims

1. A multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting, characterized in that: The shovel guide bin (11) comprises a front end or a side end of the shovel guide bin (11) connected to a power device via a traction rod, and the travel direction of the power device is defined as forward; inside the shovel guide bin (11), a shovel entry channel (111), a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel and a secondary crushing channel are sequentially arranged from front to back; A plurality of shovel teeth I (12) are fixedly mounted on the front end of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the bottom of the shovel entry channel (111); The shovel guide bin (11) is rotatably mounted with a plurality of rollers (131) corresponding to the top position of the lifting conveying channel, and the outer sides of the plurality of rollers (131) are sleeved and connected to a conveyor belt (13) through friction transmission; The shovel guide bin (11) is slidably mounted with a plurality of crushing pestles (34) corresponding to the top of the primary crushing channel; A fertilizer box I (17) is installed at a position corresponding to the top of the secondary pulverizing channel in the shovel guide bin (11), and a fertilizer pipe I is fixed and connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box I (17), and the fertilizer pipe I passes through the top of the shovel guide bin (11) and extends toward the inside of the secondary pulverizing channel; The shovel guide bin (11) is provided with an arc-shaped screen plate (14) and two crushing discs (31) on the inner side corresponding to the secondary crushing channel; the two crushing discs (31) are rotatably mounted on the upper side of the arc-shaped screen plate (14); a plurality of shredding knives (32) are fixedly mounted between the two crushing discs (31); a plurality of sieve holes (141) are provided on the arc-shaped screen plate (14); and a slag discharge notch is provided on the lower side of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the arc-shaped screen plate (14); A raised structure is integrally formed at the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin (11), and side baffles (16) are fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure; a fertilizer box II (18), a rotary turning device (42) and a pressure roller II (53) are installed in sequence from front to back at the bottom of the raised structure, and a fertilizer pipe II is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box II (18) and connected to it.

2. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the rotary flippers (42) are provided, and adjacent rotary flippers (42) have opposite working rotation directions. The plurality of rotary flippers (42) are rotatably mounted on a reversing seat (41) together. A rotary driver (43) is mounted on the reversing seat (41). The number of the rotary drivers (43) corresponds to the number of the rotary flippers (42). The reversing seat (41) is rotatably mounted between two side baffles (16).

3. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shearing arm (21) is horizontally slidably mounted at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin (11), a driving arm (23) is fixedly mounted on the shearing arm (21), a U-shaped frame (15) is fixedly mounted on the front side of the bottom of the raised structure, the driving arm (23) is plug-connected and slidably connected to the U-shaped frame (15), and a plurality of shovel teeth II (22) are arranged on the shearing arm (21).

4. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding direction of the crushing pestle (34) is offset from the normal line of the horizontal plane, and as the crushing pestle (34) moves downward in the primary crushing channel, the surface grass leaves remaining in the primary crushing channel are pushed toward the secondary crushing channel.

5. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the crushing pestle (34) is provided with a plurality of shearing blades (341) at equal intervals, a crushing head (342) is integrally formed at the front end of the shearing blades (341), a bearing plate (36) is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel, and a plurality of extrusion grooves (361) capable of being plugged and engaged with the shearing blades (341) and the crushing head (342) are provided at equal intervals on the top of the bearing plate (36).

6. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing roller II (53) is installed at the bottom of the raised structure via a positioning seat (51) and an annular seat (52); Two annular seats (52) are rotatably mounted on the pressure roller II (53); the annular seats (52) are vertically slidably connected to the positioning seat (51); the positioning seat (51) is detachably fixedly connected to the shovel guide bin (11); a transverse shaft (54) is fixedly mounted between the two annular seats (52); and the transverse shaft (54) is slidably connected to the positioning seat (51).

7. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: An articulated seat (55) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the bottom of the raised structure, a third linear electric cylinder (56) is rotatably mounted on the articulated seat (55), a sleeve ring is fixedly mounted on the movable end of the third linear electric cylinder (56), and the sleeve ring is rotatably connected to the horizontal shaft (54).

8. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: A slider (221) is detachably fixedly mounted on the shearing arm (21); an embedding groove (113) and a limit plate (114) are provided at the bottom of the shovel guide bin (11); the slider (221) is slidably engaged with the embedding groove (113); and the side of the driving arm (23) is in abutment with the side of the limit plate (114).

9. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chopping knife (32) has a circular cross-section, and a blade-shaped protrusion is integrally formed on the side of the circular chopping knife (32), wherein the extending direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotation tangent direction of the pulverizing disc (31) at that position.

10. The multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feeding pipe is fixed and connected to the top side end of the fertilizing box II (18), the feeding pipe passes through the side baffle (16) and extends toward the outside of the side baffle (16), and a feeding cap (181) is detachably fixedly mounted on the end of the feeding pipe.

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