A butt weld welding process for compact fusion reactors with narrow spaces

Abstract

The invention discloses a butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space, comprising the following steps: 1) performing groove processing on a welding position of a workpiece and a rhombus compensation block; 2) the workpieces are relatively fixed and a rhombus compensation block is placed at the welding position, the weld gap between the rhombus compensation block and the adjacent workpiece is 0-4mm, and the misalignment of the two workpieces is 0-15mm; 3) performing positioning welding at the midpoint of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld of the rhombus compensation block; 4) alternately stacking the bottom welding of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld; 5) alternately stacking the filling welding of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld; the rhombus compensation block is used to connect the two butt welded workpieces, and the processed groove is used to form a Y-shaped weld with a compensation angle, which greatly increases the swing welding space and welding field of manual welding in a narrow space, reduces the operation difficulty and labor intensity, and improves the weld quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fusion reactor structure welding, and in particular to a butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear fusion, also known as nuclear fusion, fusion reaction, fusion reaction or thermonuclear reaction, is a fusion reactor device that can reach a height of more than ten meters and a weight of hundreds of tons. It is huge in size. Usually, the fusion reactor device is divided into multiple components and manufactured separately, and then assembled into a whole by welding. For example, the nuclear fusion vacuum chamber is roughly D-shaped in shape and has a double-layer shell structure. Usually, the vacuum chamber is divided into multiple sectors and manufactured separately. Most of the sectors are welded in the form of splicing plates. When some vacuum chambers are welded together, there are butt joint welds in extremely narrow spaces. How to complete the joint welding between vacuum chamber sectors efficiently and with high quality while meeting the on-site installation accuracy is a key step in the installation of vacuum chambers.

[0003] Some fusion reactor vacuum chamber shells are welded with traditional manual TIG welding to meet the on-site welding assembly requirements. The assembly gap requirements of the existing thickness vacuum chamber welds of traditional manual TIG welding are generally within 4mm, but traditional manual TIG welding requires two-handed operation, one hand feeding the wire and the other hand holding the welding gun for swing welding. When welding from the inside, the spacing between the inner shells is small. In a small space, the welder needs to maintain an extremely uncomfortable posture for a long time when operating with both hands. In addition, the welder's arms in the narrow space will further block the welder's visual space and swing welding space. The on-site operation is difficult and labor-intensive, and the welding efficiency is low and the welding quality is not easy to guarantee. Some fusion reactors When welding the vacuum chamber shell, fully automatic narrow gap TIG welding (such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITER) is used to improve welding quality and efficiency. However, the fully automatic narrow gap welding groove generally has an angle of less than 10° and a groove width of no more than 20 mm. Therefore, it has extremely high requirements for the matching gap between the vacuum chamber sectors. For example, ITER requires a matching gap of 0.5 mm. The errors caused by component manufacturing and on-site component assembly make it very difficult to meet the requirements of narrow gap automatic welding. In addition, the design of the track and joint of the fully automatic welding machine is difficult when welding the shell at a narrow spacing and long distance inside, and the production cost cycle is long.

[0004] During conventional fusion reactor vacuum chamber welding (such as IETR), after the longitudinal weld of the splicing plate is completed, circular holes are machined on the vacuum chamber body and the splicing plate base material, the formed cross weld is removed as a whole, and then filled with a circular compensation block, and finally a complete circular weld is welded to solve the splicing plate assembly problem and avoid the appearance of cross welds to ensure the welding quality of the splicing plate joint position. However, the entire welding process is complicated, the efficiency is low, and the welding quality is difficult to guarantee.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to adapt to the butt welding operation in a narrow space and ensure the welding quality, and the existing welding process needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a small space, so as to solve the problem of being easy to operate and improving welding quality and efficiency when performing butt weld welding in a small space scenario in a fusion reactor.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) Perform groove processing on the welding parts of the workpiece and the diamond compensation block;

[0010] 2) The workpieces are relatively fixed and a diamond compensation block is placed at the welding point. The weld gap between the diamond compensation block and the adjacent workpiece is 0-4mm, and the misalignment between the two workpieces is 0-15mm;

[0011] 3) Perform positioning welding at the midpoint of the transverse weld and longitudinal weld of the diamond compensation block;

[0012] 4) Alternately stack the bottom welding of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld;

[0013] 5) Perform filling welding of transverse welds and longitudinal welds in alternating layers.

[0014] Preferably, the groove combination between the workpiece and the diamond compensation block constitutes a V-shaped structure, and the groove parameters meet the following requirements: the thickness of the welded workpiece δ is 40mm, the welding blunt edge height C1 is 2mm, the groove surface height C2 is 8mm, the groove surface angle β is 12°, and the groove angle α is 90°.

[0015] Preferably, the groove of the diamond-shaped compensation block is reversely processed according to the groove of the workpiece, so that the cut surface of the diamond-shaped compensation block is symmetrical with the cut surface of the workpiece; and one of the internal angles of the cross section of the diamond-shaped compensation block is 45°.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3), a welding wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm is used to weld the midpoints of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld of the diamond compensation block at a current of 150 A and a voltage of 10 V to form a weld with a length and height of 5 mm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4), a TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp a welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm, and horizontal welds and longitudinal welds are formed by alternating layers under the conditions of a current of 85A-110A, a voltage of 9.3V-10.5V, a wire feeding speed of 80cm / min-120cm / min, and an air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min.

[0018] Preferably, after the transverse weld of the diamond compensation block is welded to the first layer, an arc is started at a distance greater than 50 mm from the intersection of the welds to weld the longitudinal weld to the first layer until all the transverse welds and longitudinal welds of the diamond compensation block are welded to one layer, and multiple layers are welded alternately until the thickness of the weld reaches 5 mm.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5), a TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp a welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm, and horizontal welds and longitudinal welds are formed by alternating layers under the conditions of a current of 130A-170A, a voltage of 10.3V-12.4V, a wire feeding speed of 100cm / min-120cm / min, and an air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min.

[0020] Preferably, after the two transverse welds of the diamond-shaped compensation block are filled and welded to the first layer, the arc is started at a distance of more than 50 mm from the intersection of the welds to make two longitudinal welds to the first layer, and multiple layers are welded alternately until the groove is fully welded.

[0021] Preferably, it also includes a fixing tool for fixing the workpiece and can be adjusted to a vertical welding state or an overhead welding state.

[0022] Preferably, the surface of the groove and the edges on both sides within a range of 25 mm are cleaned of water, rust, grease or burrs before welding.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] The diamond-shaped compensation block is used to connect the two butted workpieces, and the processed groove is used to form a Y-shaped weld with a compensation angle, which greatly increases the swing welding space and welding field of manual welding in a narrow space, reduces the difficulty of operation and labor intensity, and improves the quality of the weld;

[0025] At the same time, positioning welding and alternating lamination are used to perform base welding and filling welding on the transverse welds and longitudinal welds. The welded parts formed after welding do not have weld undercuts, have high welding quality, and do not need to be machined again, which optimizes the welding process and improves welding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a welding application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the welding viewing angle range of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the welding groove morphology in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a diamond-shaped compensation block used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of placing a diamond-shaped compensation block on a butt weld in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a diamond compensation block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a fixing tool used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wire guide nozzle of the automatic wire feeding mechanism of the TIPTIG welding equipment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of ;

[0035] exist Figures 1 to 9 In the figure, the corresponding relationship between the component names or lines and the figure numbers is as follows:

[0036] Workpiece 1, diamond compensation block 2, transverse weld 3, longitudinal weld 4, groove 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, a butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space is proposed. In this embodiment, the welding of the vacuum chamber structure in the fusion reactor is used as a welding case. Of course, other butt weld structures are not excluded, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the vacuum chamber structure includes two stainless steel plates with a thickness of 40 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a width of 300 mm as workpieces 1, and a diamond compensation block 2 and a splicing plate are synchronously processed to match the workpiece 1. The diamond compensation block 2 has a length of 200 mm and a width of 100 mm and is also made of stainless steel.

[0039] After the workpiece 1 is positioned for welding, the welding operation is performed in a narrow space with a width of 180 mm to 260 mm and a depth of 490 mm, so the operation is difficult.

[0040] When welding is carried out formally, the following process is used for welding:

[0041] 1) The groove 5 is processed at the welding point of the workpiece 1 and the diamond compensation block 2, wherein the groove 5 on the diamond compensation block 2 is processed in reverse according to the groove 5 of the workpiece 1, so that the cut surface of the diamond compensation block 2 is symmetrical with the cut surface of the workpiece 1, which is convenient for operation during welding. At the same time, one of the internal angles of the cross section of the diamond compensation block 2 is 45°, such as Figure 6 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the diamond compensation block 2, which facilitates the formation of a Y-shaped weld after placing the diamond compensation block 2 at the welding position, thereby providing a larger welding space in a narrow space and a larger welding viewing angle, allowing for easy operation during welding to ensure welding quality.

[0042] 2) The workpiece 1 is relatively fixed and a diamond compensation block 2 is placed at the welding position, such as Figure 5 As shown, the weld gap between the diamond compensation block 2 and the adjacent workpiece 1 is 0-4mm, and the misalignment between the two workpieces 1 is 0-15mm. The specific placement of the diamond compensation block 2 is to ensure that the gap meets the 0-4mm requirement, and the misalignment between the workpieces 1 meets the 0-15mm range, which can ensure the subsequent welding effect; so that the formed Y-shaped weld meets the welding requirements.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the groove 5 between the workpiece 1 and the diamond-shaped compensation block 2 forms a V-shaped structure. Figure 3 As shown, the parameters of the groove 5 meet the following requirements: the thickness δ of the welded workpiece 1 is 40 mm, the height C1 of the welding blunt edge is 2 mm, the height C2 of the groove 5 surface is 8 mm, the angle β of the groove 5 surface is 12°, the groove angle α is 90°, and the gap b is 4 mm, which can ensure a good welding operation space during welding and keep the weld within the required range.

[0044] 3) Position welding is performed at the midpoints of the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4 of the diamond compensation block 2. A welding wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm is used. Under the conditions of a current of 150 A and a voltage of 10 V, the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4 of the diamond compensation block 2 are respectively welded at the midpoints to form a weld with a length and height of 5 mm. Position welding is to achieve positioning welding between the diamond compensation block 2 and the workpiece 1 without deforming the workpiece 1, to ensure that parameters such as the weld gap are within the range that satisfies welding. After positioning welding, it is easy to ensure that the relative position will not move during the subsequent welding process, which is the basis of welding quality.

[0045] 4) Alternately perform the base welding of the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4. After the positioning welding, the Y-shaped weld is base welded. Specifically, the Y-shaped weld has a transverse weld 3 and a longitudinal weld 4. Specifically, during welding, the transverse weld 3 is welded first, and then the longitudinal weld 4 is welded, and multiple layers are overlapped in sequence. During welding, the TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp the welding wire with a diameter of 1.6mm. Under the conditions of current of 85A-110A, voltage of 9.3V-10.5V, wire feeding speed of 80cm / min-120cm / min and air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min, the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4 are formed alternately. Specifically, after the transverse weld 3 of the diamond compensation block 2 is welded to the first layer, the arc is started at a distance of more than 50mm from the intersection of the welds to weld the longitudinal weld 4 to the first layer until all the transverse welds 3 and longitudinal welds 4 of the diamond compensation block 2 are welded with one layer, and multiple layers are welded alternately until the thickness of the weld reaches 5mm. Among them, the TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism mainly realizes automatic wire feeding. The operator holds it by hand to move the welding position. It can be operated with one hand and has a high-frequency linear vibration function. It increases the cladding rate while reducing heat input, which is beneficial to control welding deformation and greatly improves welding efficiency. Compared with traditional manual welding, the welding efficiency is increased by at least twice.

[0046] 5) Alternately stack the filling welding of the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4. After the base welding is completed, further fill welding is performed. The TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp the welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm. Under the conditions of current of 130A-170A, voltage of 10.3V-12.4V, wire feeding speed of 100cm / min-120cm / min and air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min, the transverse weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4 are alternately stacked to form; wherein, after the filling welding of the two transverse welds 3 located at the diamond compensation block 2 to the first layer, the arc is started at a distance of more than 50mm from the intersection of the welds to weld the two longitudinal welds 4 to the first layer, and multiple layers are alternately welded until the groove 5 is fully welded; the transverse weld 3 is welded first to release the shrinkage stress to the maximum extent without weld constraints, and a symmetrical welding sequence is used to reduce welding deformation.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the structure of the wire guide nozzle is optimized in the TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism, and the length of the wire feeding part is increased to adapt to the size of the welding groove 5 in the process and reduce the situation of welding defects. The specifically optimized wire guide nozzle is as follows: Figure 8-Figure 9As shown in the figure, the wire feeding length is increased from 28mm to 35mm. The specific wire guide nozzle parameters are: L1=8mm, t=35mm, L2=10mm, β=90°, d=Ф10mm+0.05mm, where L1 is the combined length of the wire guide hose and the wire guide nozzle, t is the length of the wire feeding part of the wire guide nozzle, L2 is the length of the wire guide nozzle head, β is the wire feeding angle of the wire guide nozzle, and d is the diameter of the welding wire.

[0048] At the same time, splicing plates are added to the upper and lower positions of the diamond compensation block 2 to perform corresponding welding on the workpiece 1, and welding is performed simultaneously when the horizontal weld 3 and the longitudinal weld 4 are welded on the diamond compensation block 2.

[0049] The specific workpiece 1 needs to be fixed in advance during butt welding. The workpiece 1 is relatively fixed by a fixing fixture. The welding process proposed in this embodiment can be adapted to be operated at the angles of vertical welding and overhead welding, such as Figure 7 As shown, the workpiece 1 can be adjusted to a vertical welding state or an overhead welding state after being fixed by a fixed tool. The fixed tool can adopt the currently used tool structure, which mainly realizes the adjustment of the workpiece 1 to two welding states, and the welding process can adapt to the operation.

[0050] In addition, before welding, the groove 5 should be cleaned, specifically, the surface of the groove 5 and the edges on both sides within a range of 25 mm should be cleaned before welding to avoid affecting the welding quality.

[0051] The improved welding process can perform high-quality welding in a small space, improve welding efficiency, and reduce the labor intensity of operators.

[0052] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Perform groove processing on the welding parts of the workpiece and the diamond compensation block; 2) The workpieces are relatively fixed and a diamond compensation block is placed at the welding point. The weld gap between the diamond compensation block and the adjacent workpiece is 0-4mm, and the misalignment between the two workpieces is 0-15mm; 3) Perform positioning welding at the midpoint of the transverse weld and longitudinal weld of the diamond compensation block; 4) Alternately stack the bottom welding of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld; 5) Perform filling welding of transverse welds and longitudinal welds in alternating layers.

2. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove combination between the workpiece and the diamond compensation block forms a V-shaped structure, and the parameters of the groove meet the following requirements: The thickness of the welded workpiece δ is 40 mm, the height of the welding blunt edge C1 is 2 mm, the height of the groove surface C2 is 8 mm, the groove surface angle β is 12°, and the groove angle α is 90°.

3. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor with a narrow space according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove of the diamond compensation block is reversely processed according to the groove of the workpiece, so that the cut surface of the diamond compensation block is symmetrical with the cut surface of the workpiece; One of the inner angles of the cross section of the rhombus-shaped compensation block is 45°.

4. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), a welding wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm is used to weld the midpoints of the transverse weld and the longitudinal weld of the diamond compensation block at a current of 150 A and a voltage of 10 V to form a weld with a length and height of 5 mm.

5. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), a TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp a welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm, and horizontal and longitudinal welds are formed by alternating layers under the conditions of a current of 85A-110A, a voltage of 9.3V-10.5V, a wire feeding speed of 80cm / min-120cm / min, and an air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min.

6. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the transverse weld of the diamond compensation block is welded to the first layer, start the arc at a distance of more than 50mm from the intersection of the welds to weld the longitudinal weld to the first layer until all the transverse welds and longitudinal welds of the diamond compensation block are welded to one layer, and weld multiple layers alternately until the thickness of the weld reaches 5mm.

7. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 5), a TIPTIG welding automatic wire feeding mechanism is used to clamp a welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm, and horizontal welds and longitudinal welds are formed by alternating layers under the conditions of a current of 130A-170A, a voltage of 10.3V-12.4V, a wire feeding speed of 100cm / min-120cm / min, and an air flow value of 15L / min-25L / min.

8. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 7, characterized in that: After filling and welding the two transverse welds of the diamond compensation block to the first layer, start the arc at a distance of more than 50mm from the intersection of the welds to weld two longitudinal welds to the first layer, and weld multiple layers alternately until the groove is fully welded.

9. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed tooling, which is used to fix the workpiece and can be adjusted to a vertical welding state or an overhead welding state.

10. A butt weld welding process for a compact fusion reactor in a narrow space according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before welding, remove water, rust, grease or burrs on the surface of the groove and the edges on both sides within a range of 25mm.

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