Method for efficiently degrading corn straws containing low-temperature fungicide for cold regions
By spraying and covering corn stalks with low temperature bacteria agents under low temperature conditions, the problem of slow degradation of corn stalks is solved, efficient degradation and soil improvement are achieved, and the stability of crop growth is ensured.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411785528.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
Under low temperature conditions, the natural degradation rate of corn stalks is slow and inefficient, resulting in the residue of large grains of straw in the soil, affecting the soil structure and the growth of crops in the coming year.
Low-temperature bacterial agents are used to efficiently degrade corn stalks through the steps of preparation, spraying, turning over soil and spraying of water. Specific steps include preparation and activation of bacterial agents, culturing degraded bacteria at 4°C, spraying onto the crushed corn stalks, covering it in the soil by a tiller, and then spraying water to promote degradation.
It significantly improves the degradation speed and efficiency of corn stalks, shortens the degradation time to 45 days, improves the soil structure, and reduces the risk of pests and diseases.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of in-situ return of corn stalks to fields under low temperature conditions, and specifically to a method for efficiently degrading corn stalks by using a bacterial agent under the condition that the surface temperature is lower than 10°C for up to 6 months a year. Background Art
[0002] Comprehensive utilization of straw is to improve the quality of cultivated land and control agricultural and rural pollution. The temperature in Northeast China is low in autumn and winter, the frost period is long, the climate is dry and cold, and people are accustomed to calling the Northeast black soil cold land due to the influence of the climate in the low temperature zone. Northeast China is a major corn-growing province in my country, and the amount of corn straw produced accounts for about 31% of the country. Among them, in 2020, the output of crop straw in Heilongjiang was 91.009 million tons, and the collectible amount was 77.828 million tons. Therefore, if it is used improperly, various problems will arise. For many years, farmers have formed the habit of using burning to deal with straw. Studies have shown that for every ton of straw burned in the field, about 1168kgCO2, 1.0kgCH4, 27.8kgCO, 3.2kg non-methane total hydrocarbons (NMHC) and 10.4kg total particle size (TPM) will be generated. At the same time, the large-scale burning of straw on the surface will seriously damage the living environment of microorganisms in the soil, resulting in a significant reduction in their number and types, thereby changing the structure of soil microbial communities. In the long run, the burning of straw has caused increasingly serious environmental problems. For this reason, the state has formulated relevant policies to guide agricultural producers and operators to increase the utilization of straw and reduce the open-air burning of straw. After farmers are not allowed to treat straw by burning, returning straw to the field is currently the most promising method to efficiently and reasonably utilize straw resources. At present, for corn planting, after corn is harvested, returning straw to the field as fertilizer not only reduces the air pollution and health hazards caused by on-site burning, but also increases the utilization rate of straw and the content of soil organic matter, and conserves the soil. Straw is rich in organic matter, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and other trace elements, and is an ideal fertilizer for crop growth. After years of experimental research on returning straw to the field, it has been shown that returning straw to the field can not only reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, in the prior art, corn stalks are returned to the field for degradation by natural degradation, relying only on the degradation of microorganisms in the soil. The degradation rate of the stalks is slow and the efficiency is low. After the stalks are buried in the soil in the southern region, it takes at least 6 months to a year to achieve most of the degradation at room temperature. In the northeast region, due to the influence of temperature, it takes at least one to two years for most of the stalks to be degraded. In addition, during the degradation process, the corn stalks are buried in the soil. The soil contains large particles of stalk stubble, which make the soil loose after mixing with the soil, directly affecting the sowing and germination in the next year, and easily causing uneven emergence or lack of seedlings. If there are insect eggs and some bacteria left in the stalks, they are not easy to kill after being brought into the soil after being turned over and returned to the field, and diseases and insect pests are prone to occur in the next year's crop planting.
[0003] Therefore, a method for efficiently degrading corn straw containing low-temperature bacteria in cold regions is proposed to solve this problem. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently degrading corn stalks with a bacterial agent under the condition that the surface temperature is lower than 10°C for up to 6 months a year, thereby solving the problem of slow natural degradation speed and low efficiency of corn stalks under long-term low temperature conditions.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent in cold regions, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Preparation of the inoculant: Cultivate the degradation bacteria (Exigua and a fungus) and shake at 120 rpm at 4°C for 48 hours.
[0007] Measured in a spectrophotometer, when OD 600 =0.5, place the bacterial agent in a sterile centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4°C, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, discard the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to aspirate and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, centrifuge again and discard the supernatant. Repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension.
[0008] According to the volume ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900, the bacterial agent was activated by incubation at 4°C for 48 hours.
[0009] Step 2: Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn from the stalks. Use a harvester to crush the corn stalks and discharge them to the ground.
[0010] Step 3: Spraying fungicides: Choose the evening or cloudy day
[0011] The fungicide is injected into the spraying device, and then sprayed onto the crushed corn stalks that have been returned to the field.
[0012] Step 4: Turn the soil: Use a tiller to turn the soil and bury the corn stalks with the fungus into the soil.
[0013] Step 5: Spray water: Inject water into the spray device, and spray the water onto the cold land after the land is plowed and turned over. Wait for the water and the bacterial agent to penetrate into the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
[0014] Preferably, in step 1, in order to ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under surface temperatures below 10°C in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature of the bacterial strain shall not exceed 4°C.
[0015] Preferably, in step 2, after the corn and the straw are separated by the harvester, the corn will be discharged from the harvester, and the corn discharged by the harvester will be received by a collection vehicle following the harvester.
[0016] Preferably, in step 2, in order to avoid that the remaining portion of the cut corn stalks is too long, the corn stalks may be pulverized twice in cold regions by a pulverizer.
[0017] Preferably, in step 3, the evening time is selected between 16:00 and 20:00, and on cloudy days, the weather is preferably after a light rain without sunlight.
[0018] Preferably, in step 3, in order to ensure the permeability of the bacterial agent, the bacterial agent spraying can be performed twice.
[0019] Preferably, in step 4, the soil must be turned over after the microbial agent is sprayed, and it is strictly forbidden to expose the microbial agent remaining on the straw to the sun.
[0020] Preferably, in step 5, water spraying is performed to moisturize the soil and degrade ultraviolet penetration, and the water spraying operation can be repeated within 3-5 days.
[0021] Preferably, in step 5, after 30 days, the soil is turned over to check the degradation of the straw. If the straw has not reached the state of being able to be kneaded into mud, wait another 3-5 days, and the straw will reach the optimal state of degradation.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0023] The invention crushes corn stalks, sprays degradation bacteria on the stalk fragments, covers the stalk fragments with the bacterial agent attached under the soil through cultivated land, accelerates the degradation rate of the stalk by degradation bacteria, improves the degradation efficiency (can shorten the degradation time of corn stalks to within 45 days), and keeps the growth environment temperature of the bacterial agent warm by covering the stalk fragments with soil, prolongs the time for the soil to enter the frozen soil period under certain conditions, increases the activity of microorganisms in the bacterial agent, and further increases the degradation rate of the straw by bacteria. By spraying water on the soil and covering the stalks with the bacterial agent attached with soil, it is possible to prevent the microorganisms from being inactivated by ultraviolet rays on the soil surface, thereby improving the survival rate of the bacteria. Moreover, by crushing the straw to degrade it and mixing it with the soil, after it is degraded, the sprayed water can penetrate the straw powder, so that it can have relative viscosity like soil, so as to ensure the stability of the rhizomes after the later planting of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The present invention will be described in more detail below by way of examples, which are merely illustrative and do not in any way limit the scope of the present invention.
[0025] The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent for use in cold regions, comprising the following steps:
[0026] Step 1: Preparation of the inoculant: Cultivate the degradation bacteria (Exiguobacterium and fungi) and shake in a shaker at 4°C and 120 rpm for 48 hours
[0027] Measured in a spectrophotometer, when OD 600 =0.5, place the semen in a sterilized centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4°C, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, discard the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to aspirate and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, discard the supernatant after centrifugation, repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension
[0028] According to the ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900, culture at 4℃ for 48 hours to activate the bacterial agent
[0029] Step 2: Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn from the stalks. Use a harvester to crush the corn stalks and discharge them to the ground.
[0030] Step 3: Spraying fungicides: Choose the evening or cloudy day
[0031] The fungicide is injected into the spraying device, and then sprayed onto the crushed corn stalks that have been returned to the field.
[0032] Step 4: Turn the soil: Use a tiller to turn the soil and bury the corn stalks with the fungus into the soil.
[0033] Step 5: Spraying water: Inject water into the spraying device, and spray the water onto the cold land after the land is plowed and turned over. Wait for the water and the bacterial agent to penetrate the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
[0035] Embodiment 1:
[0036] Preparation of microbial agents: Cultivate degrading bacteria (Exiguobacterium and fungi) in a shaker at 4°C and 120 rpm for 48 hours and measure the OD in a spectrophotometer. 600=0.5, place the bacterial agent in a sterile centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4°C, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, pour out the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to suck and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, centrifuge again and discard the supernatant, repeat twice, and obtain a bacterial suspension: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900 ratio. Cultivate at 4°C for 48 hours to activate the bacterial agent. Harvest and crush: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn and stalks. Crush the corn stalks with a harvester and discharge them from the harvester to the surface. Spray the fungicide: Inject the fungicide into the spraying device in the evening or on a cloudy day, and spray the fungicide onto the crushed corn stalk fragments that have been returned to the field. Turn the soil: Use a tillage machine to till the land and bury the corn stalks with the fungicide in the soil. Spray water: Inject water into the spraying device, and spray the water onto the cold land after the land is tilled. Wait for the water and the fungicide to penetrate the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
[0037] Embodiment 2:
[0038] In the first embodiment, the following steps are added:
[0039] In step 1, in order to ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under surface temperatures below 10°C in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature of the bacterial strain must not exceed 4°C.
[0040] In step 2, after the corn and straw are separated by the harvester, the corn will be discharged from the harvester, and the corn discharged by the harvester will be collected by a collection vehicle following the harvester.
[0041] Preparation of microbial agent: Cultivate degradation bacteria (Exiguobacterium tumefaciens), shake in a shaker at 4°C, 120 rpm for 48 hours and measure the OD in a spectrophotometer. 600=0.5, place the semen in a sterilized centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4℃, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, pour out the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to suck and beat, resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, discard the supernatant after centrifugation, repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension, culture the activated bacteria at a ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900 at 4℃ for 48 hours. To ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under surface temperatures below 10℃ in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature must not exceed 4℃. Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn and stalks. Separation, use the harvester to crush the corn stalks and discharge them to the surface. After the corn and stalks are separated by the harvester, the corn will be discharged from the harvester. The collection vehicle follows the harvester to receive the corn discharged by the harvester. Spraying the fungus: choose the evening of the same day or a cloudy day to inject the fungus into the spraying device, and use the spraying device to spray the fungus on the crushed and returned corn stalk fragments. Turning the soil: Use a tillage machine to till the land and bury the corn stalks with the fungus in the soil. Spraying water: Inject water into the spraying device, and use the spraying device to spray water on the cold land after the land is turned over, waiting for the water and the fungus to penetrate the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
[0042] Embodiment three:
[0043] In the second embodiment, the following steps are added:
[0044] In step 3, the evening time is selected to be 16:00-20:00, and if it is cloudy, it is preferably the weather after a light rain without sunlight.
[0045] In step 4, the soil must be turned over after the fungus agent is sprayed, and it is strictly forbidden to expose the fungus agent remaining on the straw to the sun.
[0046] Preparation of microbial agent: Cultivate degradation bacteria (Exiguobacterium tumefaciens), shake in a shaker at 4°C, 120 rpm for 48 hours and measure the OD in a spectrophotometer. 600=0.5, place the semen in a sterilized centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4℃, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, pour out the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to suck and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, discard the supernatant after centrifugation, repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension. According to the ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900, culture at 4℃ for 48 hours to activate the bacterial agent. To ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under the surface temperature conditions of below 10℃ in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature shall not exceed 4℃. Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn and stalks, crush the corn stalks by a harvester, and discharge the harvester to the surface. The corn and stalks are harvested. After separation, the corn will be discharged from the harvester. The collection vehicle will follow the harvester to receive the corn discharged by the harvester. Spray the fungus: Inject the fungus into the spraying device in the evening or on a cloudy day, and spray the fungus on the crushed and returned corn stalks. Choose the evening time from 16:00 to 20:00. On cloudy days, it is best to choose the weather after a light rain without sunlight. Turn the soil: Use a tillage machine to turn the soil, so that the corn stalks with the fungus are buried in the soil. Turn the soil after spraying the fungus, and it is strictly forbidden to expose the fungus on the stalks to the sun. Spray water: Inject water into the spraying device, and spray the water into the cold land after the tillage, wait for the water and the fungus to penetrate the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
[0047] Embodiment 4:
[0048] In the third embodiment, the following steps are added:
[0049] In step 5, water spraying can moisturize the soil and ensure the moisture in the soil, which is conducive to the rapid reproduction of microorganisms in the bacterial agent. It also reduces the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the bacterial agent. The water spraying work can be repeated within 1-2 days.
[0050] Preparation of microbial agent: Cultivate degradation bacteria (Exiguobacterium tumefaciens), shake in a shaker at 4°C, 120 rpm for 48 hours and measure the OD in a spectrophotometer. 600=0.5, place the semen in a sterilized centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4℃, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, pour out the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to suck and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, discard the supernatant after centrifugation, repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension, culture the activated bacteria for 48 hours at 4℃ in the ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900. To ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under the surface temperature conditions of below 10℃ in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature of the bacteria shall not exceed 4℃. Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn and stalks. Use a harvester to crush the corn stalks and discharge them to the surface. After the corn and stalks are separated by the harvester, the corn will be discharged from the harvester and A collection vehicle follows the harvester to receive the corn discharged by the harvester. Spray the microbial agent: Inject the microbial agent into the spraying device in the evening of the same day or on a cloudy day, and spray the microbial agent onto the crushed and returned corn stalks through the spraying device. The evening time is 16:00-20:00, and on cloudy days, it is best to do it after a light rain without sunlight. Turning the soil: Use a tillage machine to till the land and bury the corn stalks with the microbial agent in the soil. Turning the soil is necessary after spraying the microbial agent, and it is strictly forbidden to expose the microbial agent retained on the stalks to the sun. Spraying water: Inject water into the spraying device, and spray the water into the cold land after the land is turned over, waiting for the water and the microbial agent to penetrate the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade before spraying water. This can moisturize the soil and ensure the moisture in the soil, which is conducive to the rapid reproduction of microorganisms in the microbial agent. And reduce the effect of ultraviolet rays on the bacterial agent during irradiation. The water spraying work can be repeated once within 1-2 days. After 30 days, turn over the soil to check the straw degradation. If it has not reached the state of being rubbed into mud, wait another 5-10 days and the straw will reach the best state of degradation.
[0051] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for efficiently degrading corn stalks in cold areas (environmental or surface temperature below 10°C) using a low-temperature bacterial agent, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation of bacterial agent: Cultivate degradation bacteria (Exiguascum and a fungus) and shake in a shaker at 120 rpm at 4°C for 48 hours; Measured in a spectrophotometer, when OD 600 =0.5, place the bacterial agent in a sterile centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4°C, 7000r / min for 10min. After centrifugation, discard the supernatant, add an equal volume of PBS buffer, use a pipette to aspirate and resuspend the bacteria attached to the wall of the centrifuge tube, centrifuge again and discard the supernatant. Repeat twice to obtain a bacterial suspension. According to the volume ratio of bacterial agent: brown sugar: water = 1:100:1900, the bacterial agent was cultured for 48 hours at 4°C to activate the bacterial agent; Step 2: Harvesting and crushing: Use a harvester to cut the corn stalks and separate the corn from the stalks, crush the corn stalks through the harvester, and discharge the harvester to the surface; Step 3: Spray the fungicide: choose the evening or cloudy day; The microbial agent is injected into a spraying device, and the microbial agent is sprayed onto the crushed corn stalk fragments returned to the field through the spraying device; Step 4: Turn the soil: Use a tiller to turn the soil and bury the corn stalks with the fungus into the soil. Step 5: Spray water: Inject water into the spray device, and spray the water onto the cold land after the land is plowed and turned over. Wait for the water and the bacterial agent to penetrate into the soil and the crushed corn stalks, and wait for the stalks to degrade.
2. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent for use in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, in order to ensure that the bacterial agent can remain active under surface temperatures below 10°C in Northeast China for up to 6 months, the culture and activation temperature of the bacterial strain must not exceed 4°C.
3. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent for use in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, after the corn and straw are separated by the harvester, the corn will be discharged from the harvester, and the corn discharged by the harvester will be collected by a collection vehicle following the harvester.
4. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent for use in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, in order to prevent the remaining portion of the cut corn stalk from being too long, the corn stalk can be pulverized twice in cold regions using a pulverizer.
5. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing low-temperature bacteria in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the evening time is selected to be 16:00-20:00, and if it is cloudy, it is preferably the weather after a light rain without sunlight.
6. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing low-temperature bacteria in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, in order to ensure the permeability of the bacterial agent and prevent the inactivation of microorganisms in the bacterial agent by ultraviolet rays in the light during direct sunlight, the bacterial agent can be sprayed twice.
7. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing a low-temperature bacterial agent for use in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the soil must be turned over after the fungus agent is sprayed, and it is strictly forbidden to expose the fungus agent remaining on the straw to the sun.
8. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing low-temperature bacteria in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, water spraying can moisturize the soil and ensure the moisture in the soil, which is conducive to the rapid reproduction of microorganisms in the bacterial agent. It also reduces the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the bacterial agent. The water spraying work can be repeated within 1-2 days.
9. The method for efficiently degrading corn stalks containing low-temperature bacteria in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, after 30 days, turn over the soil to check the degradation of the straw. If it has not reached the state of being able to be kneaded into mud, wait another 5-10 days and the straw will reach the optimal state of degradation.