A multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-stage clearing method for an electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity, relates to the technical field of electricity market and carbon trading market, and comprises the following steps: Step 1, collecting user information, and dividing the collected user information into three categories; Step 2, respectively constructing clearing models for the three categories of users; including the first-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, and the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market; Step 3, settling the three categories of users and units separately based on the clearing model; The multi-stage clearing method for an electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity provided by the present invention can not only enhance the flexibility of the market, but also further improve the economy and environmental benefits of the market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electricity market and carbon trading market, and in particular to a multi-stage clearing method for an electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity. Background Art

[0002] As an important source of carbon emissions, the coupled clearing of the electricity spot market and the carbon trading market is an important means to ensure low carbon and economic efficiency.

[0003] The current electricity-carbon coupling market clearing method mainly starts from the power generation side, ignoring the impact of the user side on carbon emissions. Although the carbon emissions in the electricity-carbon coupling market all come from the power generation side, the power generation of the unit is driven by user demand, and the user's electricity consumption behavior has an important impact on carbon emissions.

[0004] Although the form of user-side participation in bidding has advantages in terms of improving flexibility and market efficiency, there are two problems: not all of the user's previous bids can win the bid; if the SCUC model only provides the unit start and stop status to the SCED model, the electricity price obtained through the KKT conditions is 0, and electricity price settlement cannot be performed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity, so as to solve the problem that the user's day-ahead declared quantity cannot be fully met and the electricity price cannot be solved in the user's quantity quotation form in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Collect user information and divide the collected user information into three categories;

[0008] Step 2: Construct clearing models for the three types of users respectively, including the first-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market, the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market, and the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market.

[0009] Step 3: Perform settlement for the three types of users and units separately based on the clearing model.

[0010] Preferably, the user information collected in step 1 is divided into the following three categories:

[0011] Category 1 users: have no intention to purchase the unsuccessful bid electricity in the first phase, and only need the first phase settlement;

[0012] Category 2 users: those who are willing to win the bid for all the day-ahead declared quantities. The unsuccessful bids in the first phase of this category of users will be settled at the second phase clearing electricity price.

[0013] Category 3 users: agree to demand adjustment; the deviation between the adjusted demand of this category of users and the quantity in the first stage shall be settled using the third stage clearing electricity price, and this category of users shall submit an additional maximum proportion of adjustment on the day before; this category of users includes two subcategories, namely users who adjust their demand based on the winning quantity in the first stage and the quantity declared on the day before.

[0014] Preferably, the construction process of the first stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0015] The first-stage clearing models of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market include the SCUC model and the SCED model.

[0016] The objective function expression of the first-stage SCUC model is as follows:

[0017] (1)

[0018] (2)

[0019] (3)

[0020] (4)

[0021] In the formula, F is social welfare; The cost of purchasing electricity for users; The cost of generating electricity for the system; is the carbon trading cost; T is the total number of time periods; , , Respectively represent the number of users, traditional units, and new energy units; , , The number of segmented quotation sections are respectively for users, traditional units and new energy units; and They represent the bid of the kth energy segment of the user at node i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the new energy unit i and the winning bid amount at time t respectively; represents the carbon trading price; It represents the total amount of carbon quotas traded in the carbon trading market at time t;

[0022] The constraints of the first-stage SCUC model are as follows:

[0023] Power balance constraints:

[0024] (5)

[0025] In the formula, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of new energy unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t;

[0026] Carbon quota balance constraints:

[0027] (6)

[0028] In the formula, is the carbon emission intensity of traditional unit i at time t; represents the regional carbon emission permit factor; Indicates the proportion of free carbon quota allocation; Represents the China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) exchange coefficient for new energy units;

[0029] Power generation and carbon emission constraints of traditional units:

[0030] (7)

[0031] (8)

[0032] (9)

[0033] (10)

[0034] (11)

[0035] Where: , Respectively represent the minimum and maximum power generation of the traditional unit i; represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time t; and They represent the k-th section power generation and maximum power of the conventional unit i at time t respectively; It represents the step carbon emission intensity constant of the traditional unit i in the kth section, and its value is calculated by the step carbon emission intensity model based on the equal area principle; represents the introduced binary auxiliary variable; , They represent the upper and lower limits of the kth power segmentation point of the traditional unit i respectively;

[0036] Traditional unit climbing constraints:

[0037] (12)

[0038] (13)

[0039] In the formula, , Respectively represent the up and down ramp rates of the traditional unit i, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t-1;

[0040] Traditional unit start and stop time constraints:

[0041] (14)

[0042] (15)

[0043] In the formula, , Respectively represent the minimum startup and shutdown time of traditional unit i, represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time k;

[0044] Line flow constraints:

[0045] (16)

[0046] In the formula, represents the upper limit of the transmission capacity of line l; represents the power transfer distribution factor of the unit or user at node i to line l; Represents a collection of units. Represents a collection of users;

[0047] Spare capacity constraints:

[0048] (17)

[0049] (18)

[0050] In the formula, and They represent the positive reserve and negative reserve capacities provided by the traditional unit i at time t respectively; and Indicates the ratio coefficient between users and new energy; represents the total amount of user declaration at node i before time t; represents the day-ahead predicted power reported by the new energy unit i at time t;

[0051] Output constraints of new energy units:

[0052] (19)

[0053] (20)

[0054] In the formula, represents the maximum power of the new energy unit i at the kth segment at time t;

[0055] User scalar constraints:

[0056] (twenty one)

[0057] (twenty two)

[0058] Where: It represents the maximum winning number of the user at node i in the kth segment at time t.

[0059] The first-stage SCUC model is used to obtain the unit's start-stop status, the step carbon emission intensity, and the user's first-stage winning bid. Considering them as known quantities, the first-stage SCED model is constructed, and its objective function is to minimize the sum of the system's power generation cost and the carbon trading cost. The expression is as follows:

[0060] (twenty three)

[0061] The constraints of the first-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the SCUC model, with the following differences:

[0062] In the first stage of the SCED model constraints, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is a constant equal to its first scalar value at time t; it does not contain constraints (9), (10), (14), (15), (17), (18), (21) and (22).

[0063] Preferably, the construction process of the second stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0064] Based on the started units determined by the first-stage clearing model, the second-stage clearing model is constructed, including the SCUC model and the SCED model.

[0065] The objective function of the second-stage SCUC model is consistent with formula (23).

[0066] The constraints of the second-stage SCUC model are basically the same as those of the first-stage SCUC model, with the following differences:

[0067] In the second stage SCUC model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to its first winning bid at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to their day-ahead declared amounts at time t; it does not contain constraints (21) and (22).

[0068] The objective function of the second-stage SCED model is consistent with formula (23).

[0069] The constraints of the second-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the first-stage SCED model, with the following differences:

[0070] In the second stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to its one-time winning bid amount at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to their previous declared amount at time t.

[0071] Preferably, the construction process of the third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0072] The third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market includes the carbon reduction model adjusted by user demand and the SCED model.

[0073] First, the carbon emission intensity of the third category of users is calculated based on the results of the second-stage clearing model and the carbon emission flow theory. Then, based on the average carbon emission intensity of this type of user, the high and low carbon emission intensity moments are screened. Next, a carbon reduction model for user demand adjustment in the third stage is constructed. Its objective function expression is as follows:

[0074] (twenty four)

[0075] In the formula, , are the carbon emission intensities of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively; , are the demand adjustments of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments, respectively; , They are respectively a collection of high and low carbon moments for the third category of users;

[0076] Set up constraints as follows:

[0077] Adjustment balance constraint:

[0078] (25)

[0079] Adjustment Constraints:

[0080] (26)

[0081] (27)

[0082] In the formula, is the maximum proportion of the third category user demand adjustment at node i; , are the total amount of day-ahead declaration by the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively;

[0083] Constraints on total adjustment at each moment:

[0084] (28)

[0085] (29)

[0086] (30)

[0087] (31)

[0088] In the formula, , are the demand adjustment of the third category users at the high and low carbon emission intensity nodes i at time t, respectively; is the secondary start-stop state of unit i at time t; is the secondary standard quantity of the traditional unit i at time t;

[0089] The adjusted demand of the third category of users is determined through the carbon reduction model.

[0090] The carbon emission reduction expression of each user in the third category is as follows:

[0091] (32)

[0092] In the formula, is the carbon emission reduction of the third type of user at node i in one day; It is the total carbon emission reduction of the system in one day.

[0093] Based on the secondary start-stop status of the unit and the step carbon emission intensity determined by the second-stage clearing model, the third-stage SCED model is constructed, and its objective function is consistent with formula (23).

[0094] The constraints of the third-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the second-stage SCED model, with the following differences:

[0095] In the third stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first and second category users is equal to their one-time winning bid quantity and the day-ahead declared quantity at time t, and the value corresponding to the third category users is equal to their adjusted demand at time t.

[0096] Preferably, in step 3, settlement is performed for three types of users and units respectively based on the clearing model, including the following situations:

[0097] Case 1: When there are users of the first category, the settlement of this category of users is completed. When there are only users of the first category, the settlement of the unit is also completed.

[0098] Case 2: When there are second-type users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this type of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this type of users is completed. When there are second-type users but no third-type users, the unit also needs to conduct the second-stage settlement;

[0099] Case 3: When there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid volume is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to carry out the third-stage settlement;

[0100] The settlement for the units in the above three situations includes the total cost of traditional units, the total cost of new energy units and the electricity sales costs of the units.

[0101] Preferably, for situation 1: when there are first-class users, the settlement of this class of users is completed, and when there are only first-class users, the calculation expression for the unit settlement is also completed as follows:

[0102] The first type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] In the formula, , , They are the day-ahead electricity fee of the first category of users at node i, the total amount of the first bid at time t, and the first electricity price;

[0105] The settlement method for the unit when there are only the first type of users is as follows:

[0106] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0107] ;

[0108] In the formula, Here is the total cost of the traditional unit i: is the first winning quantity of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i at time t;

[0109] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0110] ;

[0111] In the formula, , , They are the total cost of new energy unit i in method 1, the first winning bid quantity of the kth energy segment at time t, and the first winning total quantity;

[0112] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0113] ;

[0114] ;

[0115] In the formula, , They are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of the traditional / new energy unit i in the following ways respectively; is the total amount of winning bids for traditional unit i at time t.

[0116] Preferably, for the second case: when there are second-class users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this class of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this class of users is completed. When there are second-class users but no third-class users, the unit also needs to perform the second-stage settlement. The expression is as follows:

[0117] The second type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0118] ;

[0119] In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity charges of the second category of users at node i, the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t, and the secondary electricity price;

[0120] The settlement method for the unit when there are second-class users but no third-class users is as follows:

[0121] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0122] ;

[0123] In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 2 and the secondary winning bid of the kth energy segment at time t;

[0124] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0125] ;

[0126] In the formula, , They are the total cost of new energy unit i under mode 2 and the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t;

[0127] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0128] ;

[0129] ;

[0130] In the formula, , They are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional / new energy unit i under method 2; is the total amount of secondary winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

[0131] Preferably, for case three: when there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid electricity is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to perform the third-stage settlement. The expression is as follows:

[0132] The third type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0133] ;

[0134] In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity purchase cost of the third category user at node i, the three winning bids at time t (adjusted demand), and the three electricity prices;

[0135] The settlement method for the unit when there are third-category users is as follows:

[0136] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0137] ;

[0138] In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 3 and the three winning bids of the kth energy segment at time t;

[0139] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0140] ;

[0141] In the formula, The total cost of new energy unit i under method 3; is the total number of three successful bids of new energy unit i at time t;

[0142] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0143] ;

[0144] ;

[0145] In the formula, , are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional / new energy unit i in the third stage respectively; is the total amount of three winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

[0146] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned multi-stage clearing method of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0147] (1) The present invention takes into account the user's quotation and carbon trading market, which can not only enhance the market flexibility, but also further improve the market's economic and environmental benefits;

[0148] (2) The present invention takes into account both the user's electricity demand and flexible adjustment; by adjusting the user-side demand, carbon emissions are further reduced.

[0149] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0150] Figure 1 This is an overall flow chart of a multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to the present invention;

[0151] Figure 2 This is a user classification architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0152] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0153] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 , a multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity, comprising the following steps:

[0154] Step 1: Collect user information and divide the collected user information into three categories; the details are as follows:

[0155] Category 1 users: have no intention to purchase the unsuccessful bid electricity in the first phase, and only need the first phase settlement;

[0156] Category 2 users: those who are willing to win the bid for all the day-ahead declared quantities. The unsuccessful bids in the first phase of this category of users will be settled at the second phase clearing electricity price.

[0157] Category 3 users: agree to demand adjustment; the deviation between the adjusted demand of this category of users and the quantity in the first stage shall be settled using the third stage clearing electricity price, and this category of users shall submit an additional maximum proportion of adjustment on the day before; this category of users includes two subcategories, namely users who adjust their demand based on the winning quantity in the first stage and the quantity declared on the day before.

[0158] Step 2: Construct clearing models for the three types of users respectively, including the first-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, and the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market;

[0159] The first-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market includes the security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model and the security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) model. First, by considering the user's quotation, the first-stage SCUC model with the goal of maximizing social welfare obtains the unit's start-stop status and step carbon emission intensity as well as the user's first winning bid; then, based on this, the first-stage SCED model and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition are used to obtain the unit's first winning bid and carbon emissions, as well as the first node electricity price and carbon trading cost; finally, all users and units are settled. The first-stage SCUC model obtains the unit's start-stop status, step carbon emission intensity and the user's first winning bid, and then the SCED model regards them as known quantities. At this time, the objective function of the SCED model can be converted from maximizing social welfare to minimizing the sum of system power generation costs and carbon trading costs. The unit's first winning bid and carbon emissions, as well as the first LMP and carbon trading costs are obtained through the KKT condition. Finally, the first-stage settlement of all users and units is carried out;

[0160] The second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market includes the SCUC model and the SCED model. When there are second-type users, first, based on the units that have been started in the first stage, by considering that users only report the quantity, the second-stage SCUC model with the goal of minimizing the total system cost is used to obtain the secondary start-stop status and step carbon emission intensity of the units; then, the second-stage SCED model is used to obtain the secondary winning bid quantity and carbon emissions of the units, as well as the secondary electricity price, carbon trading cost and flow; finally, the second-stage day-ahead market settlement of the second-type users is carried out. The SCED model is the same and will not be repeated.

[0161] The third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market includes a carbon reduction model and a SCED model for user demand adjustment. When there are third-type users, first, based on the unit's secondary bid winning amount and step carbon emission intensity, the first bid winning amount and day-ahead declared amount of each type of user, and the flow, the carbon emission intensity of the third-type users is calculated through the carbon emission flow theory, and the high and low carbon emission intensity moments are screened based on the average carbon emission intensity of this type of user; then, the adjusted demand of the third-type users is determined through the third-stage carbon reduction model; then, the third-stage bid winning amount, carbon emissions, three-time LMP and carbon trading costs of the unit are obtained through the SCED model; finally, the third-stage market settlement of the third-type users is carried out.

[0162] The construction process of the first stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0163] The first-stage clearing models of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market include the SCUC model and the SCED model.

[0164] The objective function expression of the first-stage SCUC model is as follows:

[0165] (1)

[0166] (2)

[0167] (3)

[0168] (4)

[0169] In the formula, F is social welfare; The cost of purchasing electricity for users; The cost of generating electricity for the system; is the carbon trading cost; T is the total number of time periods; , , Respectively represent the number of users, traditional units, and new energy units; , , The number of segmented quotation sections are respectively for users, traditional units and new energy units; and They represent the bid of the kth energy segment of the user at node i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the new energy unit i and the winning bid amount at time t respectively; represents the carbon trading price; It represents the total amount of carbon quotas traded in the carbon trading market at time t;

[0170] The constraints of the first-stage SCUC model are as follows:

[0171] Power balance constraints:

[0172] (5)

[0173] In the formula, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of new energy unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t;

[0174] Carbon quota balance constraints:

[0175] (6)

[0176] In the formula, is the carbon emission intensity of traditional unit i at time t; represents the regional carbon emission permit factor; Indicates the proportion of free carbon quota allocation; Represents the China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) exchange coefficient for new energy units;

[0177] Power generation and carbon emission constraints of traditional units:

[0178] (7)

[0179] (8)

[0180] (9)

[0181] (10)

[0182] (11)

[0183] Where: , Respectively represent the minimum and maximum power generation of the traditional unit i; represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time t; and They represent the k-th section power generation and maximum power of the conventional unit i at time t respectively; It represents the step carbon emission intensity constant of the traditional unit i in the kth section, and its value is calculated by the step carbon emission intensity model based on the equal area principle; represents the introduced binary auxiliary variable; , They represent the upper and lower limits of the kth power segmentation point of the traditional unit i respectively;

[0184] Traditional unit climbing constraints:

[0185] (12)

[0186] (13)

[0187] In the formula, , Respectively represent the up and down ramp rates of the traditional unit i, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t-1;

[0188] Traditional unit start and stop time constraints:

[0189] (14)

[0190] (15)

[0191] In the formula, , Respectively represent the minimum startup and shutdown time of traditional unit i, represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time k;

[0192] Line flow constraints:

[0193] (16)

[0194] In the formula, represents the upper limit of the transmission capacity of line l; represents the power transfer distribution factor of the unit or user at node i to line l; Represents a collection of units. Represents a collection of users;

[0195] Spare capacity constraints:

[0196] (17)

[0197] (18)

[0198] In the formula, and They represent the positive reserve and negative reserve capacities provided by the traditional unit i at time t respectively; and Indicates the ratio coefficient between users and new energy; represents the total amount of user declaration at node i before time t; represents the day-ahead predicted power reported by the new energy unit i at time t;

[0199] Output constraints of new energy units:

[0200] (19)

[0201] (20)

[0202] In the formula, represents the maximum power of the new energy unit i at the kth segment at time t;

[0203] User scalar constraints:

[0204] (twenty one)

[0205] (twenty two)

[0206] Where: represents the maximum winning number of the kth segment of the user at node i at time t;

[0207] The first-stage SCUC model is used to obtain the unit's start-stop status, the step carbon emission intensity, and the user's first-stage winning bid. Considering them as known quantities, the first-stage SCED model is constructed, and its objective function is to minimize the sum of the system's power generation cost and the carbon trading cost. The expression is as follows:

[0208] (twenty three)

[0209] The constraints of the first-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the SCUC model, with the following differences:

[0210] In the first stage of the SCED model constraints, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is a constant equal to its first scalar value at time t; it does not contain constraints (9), (10), (14), (15), (17), (18), (21) and (22).

[0211] The construction process of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0212] Based on the started units determined by the first-stage clearing model, the second-stage clearing model is constructed, including the SCUC model and the SCED model.

[0213] The objective function of the second-stage SCUC model is consistent with formula (23).

[0214] The constraints of the second-stage SCUC model are basically the same as those of the first-stage SCUC model, with the following differences:

[0215] In the second stage SCUC model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to its first winning bid at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to their day-ahead declared amounts at time t; it does not contain constraints (21) and (22).

[0216] The objective function of the second-stage SCED model is consistent with formula (23).

[0217] The constraints of the second-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the first-stage SCED model, with the following differences:

[0218] In the second stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to its one-time winning bid amount at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to their previous declared amount at time t.

[0219] The construction process of the third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows:

[0220] The third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market includes the carbon reduction model adjusted by user demand and the SCED model.

[0221] First, the carbon emission intensity of the third category of users is calculated based on the results of the second-stage clearing model and the carbon emission flow theory. Then, based on the average carbon emission intensity of this type of user, the high and low carbon emission intensity moments are screened. Next, a carbon reduction model for user demand adjustment in the third stage is constructed. Its objective function expression is as follows:

[0222] (twenty four)

[0223] In the formula, , are the carbon emission intensities of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively; , are the demand adjustments of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments, respectively; , They are respectively a collection of high and low carbon moments for the third category of users;

[0224] Set up constraints as follows:

[0225] Adjustment balance constraint:

[0226] (25)

[0227] Adjustment Constraints:

[0228] (26)

[0229] (27)

[0230] In the formula, is the maximum proportion of the third category user demand adjustment at node i; , are the total amount of day-ahead declaration by the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively;

[0231] Constraints on total adjustment at each moment:

[0232] (28)

[0233] (29)

[0234] (30)

[0235] (31)

[0236] In the formula, , are the demand adjustment of the third category users at the high and low carbon emission intensity nodes i at time t, respectively; is the secondary start-stop state of unit i at time t; is the secondary standard quantity of the traditional unit i at time t;

[0237] The adjusted demand of the third category of users is determined through the carbon reduction model.

[0238] The carbon emission reduction expression of each user in the third category is as follows:

[0239] (32)

[0240] In the formula, is the carbon emission reduction of the third type of user at node i in one day; It is the total carbon emission reduction of the system in one day.

[0241] Based on the secondary start-stop status of the unit and the step carbon emission intensity determined by the second-stage clearing model, the third-stage SCED model is constructed, and its objective function is consistent with formula (23).

[0242] The constraints of the third-stage SCED model are basically the same as those of the second-stage SCED model, with the following differences:

[0243] In the third stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first and second category users is equal to their one-time winning bid quantity and the day-ahead declared quantity at time t, and the value corresponding to the third category users is equal to their adjusted demand at time t.

[0244] Step 3: Settle the accounts for the three types of users and units based on the clearing model; including the following situations:

[0245] Case 1: When there are users of the first category, the settlement of this category of users is completed. When there are only users of the first category, the settlement of the unit is also completed.

[0246] Case 2: When there are second-type users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this type of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this type of users is completed. When there are second-type users but no third-type users, the unit also needs to conduct the second-stage settlement;

[0247] Case 3: When there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid volume is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to carry out the third-stage settlement;

[0248] The settlement for the units in the above three situations includes the total cost of traditional units, the total cost of new energy units and the electricity sales costs of the units.

[0249] For case 1: when there are first-class users, the settlement of this class of users is completed. When there are only first-class users, the calculation expression for the unit settlement is also completed as follows:

[0250] The first type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0251] ;

[0252] In the formula, , , They are the day-ahead electricity fee of the first category of users at node i, the total amount of the first bid at time t, and the first electricity price;

[0253] The settlement method for the unit when there are only the first type of users is as follows:

[0254] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0255] ;

[0256] In the formula, Here is the total cost of the traditional unit i: is the first winning quantity of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i at time t;

[0257] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0258] ;

[0259] In the formula, , , They are the total cost of new energy unit i in method 1, the first winning bid quantity of the kth energy segment at time t, and the first winning total quantity;

[0260] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0261] ;

[0262] ;

[0263] In the formula, , They are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of the traditional / new energy unit i in the following ways respectively; is the total amount of winning bids for traditional unit i at time t.

[0264] For case 2: when there are second-type users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this type of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this type of users is completed. When there are second-type users but no third-type users, the unit also needs to perform the second-stage settlement expression as follows:

[0265] The second type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0266] ;

[0267] In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity charges of the second category of users at node i, the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t, and the secondary electricity price;

[0268] The settlement method for the unit when there are second-class users but no third-class users is as follows:

[0269] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0270] ;

[0271] In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 2 and the secondary winning bid of the kth energy segment at time t;

[0272] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0273] ;

[0274] In the formula, , They are the total cost of new energy unit i under mode 2 and the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t;

[0275] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0276] ;

[0277] ;

[0278] In the formula, , They are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional / new energy unit i under method 2; is the total amount of secondary winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

[0279] For case 3: when there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid electricity is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to perform the third-stage settlement. The expression is as follows:

[0280] The third type of user settlement method is as follows:

[0281] ;

[0282] In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity purchase cost of the third category user at node i, the three winning bids at time t (adjusted demand), and the three electricity prices;

[0283] The settlement method for the unit when there are third-category users is as follows:

[0284] The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows:

[0285] ;

[0286] In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 3 and the three winning bids of the kth energy segment at time t;

[0287] The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows:

[0288] ;

[0289] In the formula, The total cost of new energy unit i under method 3; is the total number of three successful bids of new energy unit i at time t;

[0290] The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows:

[0291] ;

[0292] ;

[0293] In the formula, , are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional / new energy unit i in the third stage respectively; is the total amount of three winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

[0294] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned multi-stage clearing method of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. The collected user information is divided into three categories, and clearing models for the three categories of users are constructed respectively. Then, the three categories of users are settled separately based on the constructed clearing models. The user's quotation and carbon trading market are taken into consideration, which can not only enhance the market's flexibility, but also further improve the market's economy and environmental benefits. At the same time, the user's electricity demand and flexible adjustment are taken into account. By adjusting the user-side demand, carbon emissions are further reduced.

[0295] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage clearing method for the day-ahead market of electricity-carbon coupling based on user carbon emission intensity, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect user information and divide the collected user information into three categories; Step 2: Construct clearing models for three types of users respectively; It includes the first stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, the second stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market, and the third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market; Step 3: Perform settlement for the three types of users and units based on the clearing model; In step 1, the collected user information is divided into the following three categories: Category 1 users: have no intention to purchase the unsuccessful bid electricity in the first phase, and only need the first phase settlement; Category 2 users: those who are willing to win the bid for all the day-ahead declared quantities. The unsuccessful bids in the first phase of this category of users will be settled at the second phase clearing electricity price. Category III users: Agree to demand adjustment; the deviation between the adjusted demand of this category of users and the first stage shall be settled at the third stage clearing price, and this category of users shall submit the maximum proportion of additional adjustment on the day before; this category of users includes two subcategories, namely users who adjust their demand based on the first stage winning quantity and the day before declared quantity; The first and second stage clearing models of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market include the SCUC model and the SCED model; The first-stage SCUC model is used to obtain the unit's start-stop status, the step carbon emission intensity, and the user's first-stage winning bid amount; these are considered as known quantities to construct the first-stage SCED model, whose objective function is to minimize the sum of the system's power generation cost and the carbon trading cost; In the second-stage SCUC model constraints and the second-stage SCED model constraints, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to the amount of the first successful bid at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to the amount reported the day before at time t; The third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market includes the carbon reduction model adjusted by user demand and the SCED model; First, the carbon emission intensity of the third category of users is calculated based on the results of the previous stage clearing model and the carbon emission flow theory; then, based on the average carbon emission intensity of this type of users, the high and low carbon emission intensity moments are screened; then, a carbon reduction model for user demand adjustment in the third stage is constructed; its objective function expression is as follows: (24) In the formula, , are the carbon emission intensities of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively; , are the demand adjustments of the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments, respectively; , They are respectively a collection of high and low carbon moments for the third category of users; In the third stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first and second category users is equal to their one-time winning bid quantity and the day-ahead declared quantity at time t, and the value corresponding to the third category users is equal to their adjusted demand at time t.

2. According to claim 1, a multi-stage clearing method for the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity is characterized in that: The construction process of the first stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows: The first-stage clearing models of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market include the SCUC model and the SCED model; The objective function expression of the first-stage SCUC model is as follows: (1) (2) (3) (4) In the formula, F is social welfare; The cost of purchasing electricity for users; The cost of generating electricity for the system; For carbon trading costs; T is the total number of time periods; , , Respectively represent the number of users, traditional units, and new energy units; , , The number of segmented quotation sections are respectively for users, traditional units and new energy units; and They represent the bid of the kth energy segment of the user at node i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i and the winning bid at time t respectively; and They represent the bid price of the kth energy segment of the new energy unit i and the winning bid amount at time t respectively; represents the carbon trading price; It represents the total amount of carbon quotas traded in the carbon trading market at time t; The constraints of the first-stage SCUC model are as follows: Power balance constraints: (5) In the formula, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of new energy unit i at time t; represents the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t; Carbon quota balance constraints: (6) In the formula, is the carbon emission intensity of traditional unit i at time t; represents the regional carbon emission permit factor; Indicates the proportion of free carbon quota allocation; Indicates the national certified emission reduction exchange coefficient of new energy units; Power generation and carbon emission constraints of traditional units: (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Where: , Respectively represent the minimum and maximum power generation of the traditional unit i; represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time t; and They represent the k-th section power generation and maximum power of the conventional unit i at time t respectively; It represents the step carbon emission intensity constant of the traditional unit i in the kth section, and its value is calculated by the step carbon emission intensity model based on the equal area principle; represents the introduced binary auxiliary variable; , They represent the upper and lower limits of the kth power segmentation point of the traditional unit i respectively; Traditional unit climbing constraints: (12) (13) In the formula, , Respectively represent the up and down ramp rates of the traditional unit i, represents the total number of winning bids of traditional unit i at time t-1; Traditional unit start and stop time constraints: (14) (15) In the formula, , Respectively represent the minimum startup and shutdown time of traditional unit i, represents the start and stop status of the traditional unit i at time k; Line flow constraints: (16) In the formula, represents the upper limit of the transmission capacity of line l; represents the power transfer distribution factor of the unit or user at node i to line l; Represents a collection of units. Represents a collection of users; Spare capacity constraints: (17) (18) In the formula, and They represent the positive reserve and negative reserve capacities provided by the traditional unit i at time t respectively; and Indicates the ratio coefficient between users and new energy; represents the total amount of user declaration at node i before time t; represents the day-ahead predicted power reported by the new energy unit i at time t; Output constraints of new energy units: (19) (20) In the formula, represents the maximum power of the new energy unit i at the kth segment at time t; User scalar constraints: (21) (22) Where: represents the maximum winning number of the kth segment of the user at node i at time t; The first-stage SCUC model is used to obtain the unit's start-stop status, the step carbon emission intensity, and the user's first-stage winning bid amount. These are considered as known quantities to construct the first-stage SCED model, whose objective function is to minimize the sum of the system's power generation cost and the carbon trading cost. The expression is as follows: (23) The constraints of the first-stage SCED model are consistent with those of the SCUC model, with the following differences: In the first stage of the SCED model constraints, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is a constant equal to its first scalar value at time t; it does not contain constraints (9), (10), (14), (15), (17), (18), (21) and (22).

3. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The construction process of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market is as follows: Based on the started-up units determined by the first-stage clearing model, the second-stage clearing model is constructed, including the SCUC model and the SCED model. The objective function of the second-stage SCUC model is consistent with formula (23); The constraints of the second-stage SCUC model are consistent with those of the first-stage SCUC model, with the following differences: In the second stage SCUC model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t is equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to the amount of the first bid at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to the amount of the day before the bid at time t; it does not contain constraints (21) and (22); The objective function of the second-stage SCED model is consistent with formula (23); The constraints of the second-stage SCED model are consistent with those of the first-stage SCED model, with the following differences: In the second stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first type of user is equal to its one-time winning bid amount at time t, and the value corresponding to the second and third types of users is equal to their previous declared amount at time t.

4. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 3 is characterized by: The construction process of the third stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market also includes: Set up constraints as follows: Adjustment balance constraint: (25) Adjustment Constraints: (26) (27) In the formula, is the maximum proportion of the third category user demand adjustment at node i; , are the total amount of day-ahead declaration by the third category users at node i at high and low carbon moments respectively; Constraints on total adjustment at each moment: (28) (29) (30) (31) In the formula, , are the demand adjustment of the third category users at the high and low carbon emission intensity nodes i at time t, respectively; is the start / stop status of unit i at time t in the previous stage; is the winning quantity of the traditional unit i at time t in the previous stage; Determine the adjusted demand of the third category of users through the carbon reduction model; The carbon emission reduction expression of each user in the third category is as follows: (32) In the formula, is the carbon emission reduction of the third type of user at node i in one day; is the total carbon emission reduction of the system in one day; Based on the secondary start-stop status and step carbon emission intensity of the unit determined by the second-stage clearing model, the third-stage SCED model is constructed, and its objective function is consistent with formula (23); The constraints of the third-stage SCED model are the same as those of the second-stage SCED model, with the following differences: In the third stage SCED model constraint, the total number of winning bids of users at node i at time t Equal to a constant, where the value corresponding to the first and second category users is equal to their one-time winning bid quantity and the day-ahead declared quantity at time t, and the value corresponding to the third category users is equal to their adjusted demand at time t.

5. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 4 is characterized by: In step 3, settlement is performed for the three types of users and units based on the clearing model, including the following situations: Case 1: When there are users of the first category, the settlement of this category of users is completed. When there are only users of the first category, the settlement of the unit is also completed. Case 2: When there are second-type users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this type of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this type of users is completed. When there are second-type users but no third-type users, the unit also needs to conduct the second-stage settlement; Case 3: When there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid volume is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to carry out the third-stage settlement; The settlement for the units in the above three situations includes the total cost of traditional units, the total cost of new energy units and the electricity sales costs of the units.

6. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 5 is characterized in that: For case 1: when there are first-class users, the settlement of this class of users is completed. When there are only first-class users, the calculation expression for the unit settlement is also completed as follows: The first type of user settlement method is as follows: (33) In the formula, , , They are the day-ahead electricity fee of the first category of users at node i, the total amount of the first bid at time t, and the first electricity price; The settlement method for the unit when there are only the first type of users is as follows: The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows: (34) In the formula, Here is the total cost of the traditional unit i: is the first winning quantity of the kth energy segment of the traditional unit i at time t; The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows: (35) In the formula, , , They are the total cost of new energy unit i in method 1, the first winning bid quantity of the kth energy segment at time t, and the first winning total quantity; The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows: (36) (37) In the formula, , The day-ahead electricity sales costs of the traditional unit i and the new energy unit i are as follows: is the total amount of winning bids for traditional unit i at time t.

7. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 6 is characterized in that: For case 2: when there are second-type users, the unsuccessful bid electricity of this type of users is settled through the secondary node electricity price of the second-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market. At this time, the settlement of this type of users is completed. When there are second-type users but no third-type users, the unit also needs to perform the second-stage settlement expression as follows: The second type of user settlement method is as follows: (38) In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity charges of the second category of users at node i, the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t, and the secondary electricity price; The settlement method for the unit when there are second-class users but no third-class users is as follows: The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows: (39) In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 2 and the secondary winning bid of the kth energy segment at time t; The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows: (40) In the formula, , They are the total cost of new energy unit i under mode 2 and the total amount of secondary winning bids at time t; The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows: (41) (42) In the formula, , They are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional unit i and new energy unit i under method 2 respectively; is the total amount of secondary winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

8. The method for clearing the electricity-carbon coupled day-ahead market based on user carbon emission intensity according to claim 7 is characterized in that: For case 3: when there are third-type users, the deviation between the adjusted demand of this type of user and the first-stage winning bid electricity is settled through the three-node electricity price of the third-stage clearing model of the electricity-carbon coupling day-ahead market based on the user's carbon emission intensity. At this time, the settlement of this type of user is completed, and the unit also needs to perform the third-stage settlement. The expression is as follows: The third type of user settlement method is as follows: (43) In the formula, , , are the day-ahead electricity purchase cost of the third category user at node i, the three winning bids at time t, and the three electricity prices; The settlement method for the unit when there are third-category users is as follows: The total cost calculation formula of traditional unit i is as follows: (44) In the formula, , They are the total cost of the traditional unit i under mode 3 and the three winning bids of the kth energy segment at time t; The total cost calculation formula of new energy unit i is as follows: (45) In the formula, The total cost of new energy unit i under method 3; is the total number of three successful bids of new energy unit i at time t; The calculation formula of the unit electricity sales cost is as follows: (46) (47) In the formula, , are the day-ahead electricity sales costs of traditional unit i and new energy unit i in the third stage respectively; is the total amount of three winning bids of traditional unit i at time t.

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