Photovoltaic power station monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power station monitoring system and method, and the system comprises a centralized photovoltaic power generation system, each group of photovoltaic panel arrays is correspondingly provided with a group of monitoring devices, and the monitoring devices are used for obtaining environment parameter data and voltage and current data outputted by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays; the analogue simulation module is used for simulating a power generation scene of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays and can output predicted voltage and current data and power generation power; the generated power predicted by the analogue simulation module is compared with the actual generated power, and when the difference value is larger than a first threshold value, it is determined that the group of photovoltaic panel arrays are abnormal; the monitoring device is further provided with a dust detection device, and if the group of photovoltaic panel arrays is not abnormal and the difference value is greater than a second threshold value, the group of photovoltaic panel arrays is reminded of dust cleaning. According to the system and the method, a plurality of groups of photovoltaic panel arrays can be simultaneously and respectively monitored, and whether each group of photovoltaic panel array is abnormal or not and whether dust needs to be cleaned or not can be respectively judged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic power station monitoring system and method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. It mainly consists of three parts: solar panels, controllers and inverters. Photovoltaic power generation is divided into centralized photovoltaic power generation and distributed photovoltaic power generation according to the setting method. Centralized photovoltaic power generation usually refers to large-scale ground-based stations, which mainly use deserts, mountainous areas and other open and vast areas to build large photovoltaic power stations. The electricity obtained is directly incorporated into the national grid, which supplies long-distance loads by connecting to the high-voltage transmission system; while distributed photovoltaic power generation needs to rely on buildings, such as the common rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations. Compared with distributed photovoltaic power stations, centralized photovoltaic power stations have the characteristics of longer construction period, larger investment scale and larger area. At present, the abnormality or failure of photovoltaic power stations generally relies on traditional detection methods, such as manual inspection, fixed-cycle maintenance and overhaul, etc., which have the problems of high labor cost and low efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a photovoltaic power station monitoring system and method, which can monitor multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays simultaneously and respectively, and can judge whether each group of photovoltaic panel arrays has abnormalities and whether dust needs to be cleaned.

[0004] In order to achieve these objectives and other advantages of the present invention, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power station monitoring system, comprising: A centralized photovoltaic power generation system, which includes multiple photovoltaic panel arrays; A monitoring device is provided, wherein a plurality of groups are provided, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays is provided with a corresponding group of monitoring devices, and the monitoring device is used to obtain environmental parameter data, and voltage and current data output by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, wherein the environmental parameter data includes: light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data; A plurality of sub-controllers are provided, each sub-controller is in communication connection with a group of monitoring devices and is used to receive data acquired by the monitoring devices; A simulation module, which is used to simulate the power generation scenario of each photovoltaic panel array under different environmental conditions and can output predicted voltage and current data and power generation; wherein each sub-controller is connected to the simulation module and transmits the acquired data to the simulation module; The power generation predicted by the simulation module according to the environmental parameter data is compared with the actual power generation. When the difference is greater than a set first threshold, it is determined that an abnormality exists in the photovoltaic panel array.

[0005] Preferably, in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the simulation parameters for each group of photovoltaic panel arrays in the simulation module are the same as the setting parameters for each group of photovoltaic panel arrays in the actual scene.

[0006] Preferably, in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the simulation module comprises: A photovoltaic panel array simulation module, which performs simulation according to the setting parameters of each photovoltaic panel array in the actual scene, wherein the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate multiple photovoltaic panel arrays at the same time and can display them separately; Environmental parameter simulation module, which is used to simulate the light irradiance scene, temperature and humidity scene, wind speed and wind direction scene of each photovoltaic panel array; An output data prediction module, which is used to make predictions based on the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array, and the output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of a recurrent neural network based on the historical sampling data of each photovoltaic panel array; wherein the historical sampling data is data collected when there is no abnormality in each photovoltaic panel array; A calculation module, which is used to calculate the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation, wherein the actual power generation is calculated by the voltage and current data acquired by the monitoring device; The first judgment module is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold. If so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality; if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality.

[0007] Preferably, the photovoltaic power station monitoring system further includes a micro-locator, of which a plurality is provided, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays corresponds to a micro-locator, and the micro-locators are all communicatively connected with the corresponding sub-controllers so that the data acquired by the sub-controllers carry positioning information.

[0008] Preferably, the photovoltaic power station monitoring system further includes a main controller, each sub-controller is communicatively connected to the main controller for receiving monitoring data information and positioning information transmitted by each sub-controller, and the main controller is communicatively connected to the simulation module.

[0009] Preferably, in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the monitoring device is a multi-sensor combination monitoring device, and the monitoring device is provided with: a current sensor for obtaining the output current value of the photovoltaic panel array; a voltage sensor for the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel array; a light irradiator for obtaining light irradiance data; a temperature and humidity sensor for obtaining environmental temperature and humidity data; a wind speed sensor for obtaining wind speed data; and a wind direction sensor for obtaining wind direction data; wherein the light irradiator, the temperature and humidity sensor, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all communicatively connected to the sub-controller.

[0010] Preferably, in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the monitoring device is also provided with a dust detection device, which is used to obtain dust thickness data of the photovoltaic panel array, the environmental parameter data also includes dust thickness data, and the photovoltaic panel array simulation module adds dust scenes according to the dust thickness data when simulating the photovoltaic panel array.

[0011] Preferably, in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the simulation module also includes: a second judgment module, which is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold, if it is determined that there is no abnormality in the group of photovoltaic panel arrays, and the difference is greater than the second threshold, then the group of photovoltaic panel arrays is reminded that dust needs to be cleaned.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic power station monitoring method, which is applied to any of the photovoltaic power station monitoring systems described above, and the method comprises: S1. Divide the centralized photovoltaic power generation system into multiple photovoltaic panel arrays, each photovoltaic panel array is provided with a corresponding monitoring device and a micro-positioner, the monitoring device and the micro-positioner are connected to a sub-controller, and each sub-controller transmits the acquired data to the main controller; S2. On a sunny day, the monitoring device acquires environmental parameter data and the voltage and current data output by each photovoltaic panel array in real time, and transmits the data to the sub-controller. The sub-controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the main controller, and the main controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the simulation module; S3, the simulation module predicts the voltage and current data and the generated power of each photovoltaic panel array according to the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array; S4, the calculation module calculates the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation; S5, the first judgment module determines whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold value, if so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality, if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality; S6. The second judgment module judges whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold value. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array and the difference is greater than the second threshold value, the photovoltaic panel array is reminded to clean dust.

[0013] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, since the present invention sets a set of monitoring devices for each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, it is possible to obtain the voltage, current data, and environmental parameter data output by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, so as to judge whether the photovoltaic panel array has abnormalities through the monitoring data of each group in the future, which greatly reduces the scope of diagnosis of abnormal equipment. The simulation module set up can simulate the power generation scene of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays under different environmental conditions, so that remote monitoring personnel can experience the photovoltaic power generation scene more vividly and specifically. And the simulation module can output the predicted voltage and current data and power generation. With such a setting, the predicted voltage and current data and power generation can be compared with the voltage, current data and power generation monitored in the actual scene. If the difference is relatively large, it means that the power generation in the actual scene is small, and it is inferred that there must be some abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array.

[0014] Second, the simulation module provided in the present invention includes a photovoltaic panel array simulation module, an environmental parameter simulation module, an output data prediction module, a calculation module and a first judgment module. The photovoltaic panel array simulation module and the environmental parameter simulation module are simulated according to the data in the actual scene, so that the remote monitoring personnel can feel as if they are in person. In addition, the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays at the same time and can display them separately. Therefore, in the simulation module, multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays can be displayed at the same time, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays can be displayed separately. Since the output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of a recurrent neural network based on the historical sampling data of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, when each group of actual environmental parameter data is input into the simulation module, it can predict the voltage and current values ​​that the photovoltaic panel array should output under normal circumstances. However, after a long period of use, the photovoltaic panel array will experience equipment aging or abnormal failures, and the actual output current and voltage values ​​of the photovoltaic panel array will definitely decrease. Therefore, by comparing the predicted value and the actual output value, when the difference exceeds the preset first threshold, it means that the current and voltage values ​​output by the photovoltaic panel array are low, and there must be some abnormality.

[0015] Third, since the dust on the photovoltaic panel array will also affect the output current and voltage values ​​and the power generation, the monitoring device also includes a dust detection device. When there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array, the power generation continues to be low, and the detected dust thickness data has been increasing, it means that the dust thickness has seriously affected the power generation. Therefore, when the difference is greater than the second threshold, the photovoltaic panel array group is reminded to clean the dust.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the relationship of the photovoltaic power station monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of the photovoltaic power station monitoring method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0020] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, set, or detachably connected, set, or connected and set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic power station monitoring system, including: a centralized photovoltaic power generation system, which includes multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays; a monitoring device, which is provided with multiple groups, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays is correspondingly provided with a group of monitoring devices, and the monitoring device is used to obtain environmental parameter data, and voltage and current data output by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, wherein the environmental parameter data includes: light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data; a sub-controller, which is provided with multiple sub-controllers, each sub-controller is communicatively connected with a group of monitoring devices, and is used to receive data obtained by the monitoring device; a simulation module, which is used to simulate the power generation scene of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays under different environmental conditions, and can output predicted voltage and current data and power generation power, wherein the simulation parameters for each group of photovoltaic panel arrays in the simulation module are the same as the setting parameters of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays in the actual scene; wherein each sub-controller is connected to the simulation module, and transmits the acquired data to the simulation module; wherein the power generation power predicted by the simulation module according to the environmental parameter data is compared with the actual power generation power, and when the difference is greater than the set first threshold value, it is determined that the group of photovoltaic panel arrays has an abnormality.

[0022] Wherein, the monitoring device is a multi-sensor combination monitoring device, and the monitoring device is provided with: a current sensor, which is used to obtain the output current value of the photovoltaic panel array; a voltage sensor, which is used to obtain the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel array; a light irradiator, which is used to obtain light irradiance data; a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to obtain the temperature and humidity data of the environment; a wind speed sensor, which is used to obtain wind speed data; a wind direction sensor, which is used to obtain wind direction sensor; wherein, the light irradiator, the temperature and humidity sensor, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all communicatively connected to the sub-controller.

[0023] In the above embodiment, the centralized photovoltaic power generation system can adopt the existing technology. Since the focus is not on the structural improvement of the centralized photovoltaic power generation system, it will not be repeated here. Since the present invention sets a set of monitoring devices for each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, it is possible to obtain the voltage, current data, and environmental parameter data output by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, so that the monitoring data of each group can be used to determine whether the photovoltaic panel array is abnormal, which greatly reduces the scope of diagnosis of abnormal equipment. The specific structure of the monitoring device is no longer specifically limited in this embodiment, as long as it includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a light irradiator, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a wind direction sensor. The simulation module is set up to simulate the power generation scene of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays under different environmental conditions, so that remote monitoring personnel can feel the photovoltaic power generation scene more vividly and specifically. And the simulation module can output the predicted voltage and current data and the generated power. In this way, the predicted voltage and current data and the generated power can be compared with the voltage, current data and the generated power monitored in the actual scene. If the difference is relatively large, it means that the power generation in the actual scene is small, and it is inferred that there must be some abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array.

[0024] In one specific implementation, the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the simulation module includes: A photovoltaic panel array simulation module, which performs simulation according to the setting parameters of each photovoltaic panel array in the actual scene, wherein the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate multiple photovoltaic panel arrays at the same time and can display them separately; Environmental parameter simulation module, which is used to simulate the light irradiance scene, temperature and humidity scene, wind speed and wind direction scene of each photovoltaic panel array; An output data prediction module, which is used to make predictions based on the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array, and the output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of a recurrent neural network based on the historical sampling data of each photovoltaic panel array; wherein the historical sampling data is data collected when there is no abnormality in each photovoltaic panel array; A calculation module, which is used to calculate the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation, wherein the actual power generation is calculated by the voltage and current data acquired by the monitoring device; The first judgment module is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold. If so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality; if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality.

[0025] In the above implementation, the simulation module is implemented on a computer simulation platform. The output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of the historical sampling data of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays through a recurrent neural network. For example, on a sunny day, the output current, voltage, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and direction data and light irradiance of the photovoltaic panel array without any abnormal fault phenomenon in a certain period of time (for example, 10 am to 4 pm) are collected, and the large amount of collected data is divided into a training set of 70%, a verification set of 20% and a test set of 10%. The prediction model is obtained through recurrent neural network training. The recurrent neural network includes an input layer, an output layer and a hidden layer. The light irradiance, temperature and humidity data, and wind speed and direction data are input into the input layer as input data, and the current, voltage value and power generation power are used as output data of the output layer.

[0026] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the simulation module provided in the present invention includes a photovoltaic panel array simulation module, an environmental parameter simulation module, an output data prediction module, a calculation module and a first judgment module. The photovoltaic panel array simulation module and the environmental parameter simulation module provided are simulated according to the data in the actual scene. For example, the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate the size, tilt angle, orientation, and number of photovoltaic modules in each photovoltaic panel array. The environmental parameter simulation module can simulate sunlight irradiation, simulate the size of light irradiance by the intensity of sunlight irradiation, and simulate the wind speed and direction by the size of wind force. Therefore, the remote monitoring personnel can feel the actual scene as if they were there. In addition, the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays at the same time, and can display them separately. For the number of photovoltaic panel arrays provided, this embodiment does not make a specific limitation, and needs to be determined according to the actual situation of the photovoltaic power station to be monitored. Therefore, in the simulation module, multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays can be displayed at the same time, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays can also be displayed separately. Since the output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of the recurrent neural network based on the historical sampling data of each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, when each group of actual environmental parameter data is input into the simulation module, the voltage and current values ​​output by the photovoltaic panel array can be predicted. However, after a long period of use, the photovoltaic panel array will have equipment aging or abnormal failures, such as component damage, cable breakage, series-parallel loss, cable loss, etc., the actual output current and voltage values ​​of the photovoltaic panel array will definitely be greatly reduced. Therefore, by comparing the predicted value and the actual output value, when the difference exceeds the preset first threshold, it means that the output current and voltage values ​​of the photovoltaic panel array are low, and there must be some abnormality. For the set first threshold, since the power generation of different photovoltaic power stations is different, it varies from hundreds of megawatts to several gigawatts according to the size of the scale. Therefore, the first threshold is no longer specifically limited in this embodiment, and can be specifically limited according to the actual situation. It should also be noted that for photovoltaic power generation, due to the strong correlation with the season, more power generation in summer, less in winter, gradually increasing in spring, and gradually decreasing in autumn, therefore, the limitation of the first threshold can also be adaptively adjusted according to the season. Since the output data prediction module uses data from a certain period of time on sunny days when training the prediction model, monitoring data from the same period of time also needs to be used when determining whether there is an anomaly.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the photovoltaic power station monitoring system further includes a micro-locator, which is provided in multiple numbers, and each photovoltaic panel array is provided with a corresponding micro-locator, and each micro-locator is connected in communication with the corresponding sub-controller, so that the data obtained by the sub-controller carries positioning information. It also includes a master controller, each sub-controller is connected in communication with the master controller, and is used to receive the monitoring data information and positioning information transmitted by each sub-controller, and the master controller is connected in communication with the simulation module.

[0028] In the above embodiment, a micro-locator is provided for each photovoltaic panel array, and the monitoring personnel can conveniently know the location of each photovoltaic panel array according to the positioning data of the micro-locator. A distributed I / O communication mode can be adopted between the sub-controller and the main controller, and a wireless communication mode can be adopted between the main controller and the simulation module.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the photovoltaic power station monitoring system is preferably the photovoltaic power station monitoring system, the monitoring device is also provided with a dust detection device, which is used to obtain dust thickness data of the photovoltaic panel array, the environmental parameter data also includes dust thickness data, and the photovoltaic panel array simulation module adds dust scenes according to the dust thickness data when simulating the photovoltaic panel array. The simulation module also includes: a second judgment module, which is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold, if it is determined that there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array group, and the difference is greater than the second threshold, then the photovoltaic panel array group is reminded to clean the dust.

[0030] In the above embodiment, since the dust on the photovoltaic panel array will also affect the output current and voltage values ​​and the power generation, the monitoring device also includes a dust detection device. Specifically, a laser rangefinder can be used to calculate the thickness of the dust by measuring the change in the distance. When there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array, the power generation continues to be low, and the detected dust thickness data has been increasing, it means that the dust thickness has seriously affected the power generation. Therefore, when the difference is greater than the second threshold, the photovoltaic panel array group is reminded to clean the dust. In the specific setting, an early warning module can be set in the simulation module to warn that the photovoltaic panel array may be abnormal, or to warn that the photovoltaic panel array needs to clean the dust. Since the dust is serious, the power generation can be reduced by about 30% to 40%, so the size of the second threshold can be limited according to the power generation of the photovoltaic power station.

[0031] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic power station monitoring method, which is applied to any of the photovoltaic power station monitoring systems described above, and the method includes: S1. Divide the centralized photovoltaic power generation system into multiple photovoltaic panel arrays, each photovoltaic panel array is provided with a corresponding monitoring device and a micro-positioner, the monitoring device and the micro-positioner are connected to a sub-controller, and each sub-controller transmits the acquired data to the main controller; S2. On a sunny day, the monitoring device acquires environmental parameter data and the voltage and current data output by each photovoltaic panel array in real time, and transmits the data to the sub-controller. The sub-controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the main controller, and the main controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the simulation module; S3, the simulation module predicts the voltage and current data and the generated power of each photovoltaic panel array according to the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array; S4, the calculation module calculates the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation; S5, the first judgment module determines whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold value, if so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality, if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality; S6. The second judgment module judges whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold value. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array and the difference is greater than the second threshold value, the photovoltaic panel array is reminded to clean dust.

[0032] In summary, this method can monitor multiple groups of photovoltaic panel arrays simultaneously and can determine whether each group of photovoltaic panel arrays has abnormalities and whether dust needs to be cleaned.

[0033] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic power station monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A centralized photovoltaic power generation system, which includes multiple photovoltaic panel arrays; A monitoring device is provided, wherein a plurality of groups are provided, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays is provided with a corresponding group of monitoring devices, and the monitoring device is used to obtain environmental parameter data, and voltage and current data output by each group of photovoltaic panel arrays, wherein the environmental parameter data includes: light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data; A plurality of sub-controllers are provided, each sub-controller is in communication connection with a group of monitoring devices and is used to receive data acquired by the monitoring devices; A simulation module, which is used to simulate the power generation scenario of each photovoltaic panel array under different environmental conditions and can output predicted voltage and current data and power generation; wherein each sub-controller is connected to the simulation module and transmits the acquired data to the simulation module; The power generation predicted by the simulation module according to the environmental parameter data is compared with the actual power generation. When the difference is greater than a set first threshold, it is determined that an abnormality exists in the photovoltaic panel array.

2. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulation parameters for each photovoltaic panel array in the simulation module are the same as the setting parameters for each photovoltaic panel array in the actual scene.

3. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulation module comprises: A photovoltaic panel array simulation module, which performs simulation according to the setting parameters of each photovoltaic panel array in the actual scene, wherein the photovoltaic panel array simulation module can simulate multiple photovoltaic panel arrays at the same time and can display them separately; Environmental parameter simulation module, which is used to simulate the light irradiance scene, temperature and humidity scene, wind speed and wind direction scene of each photovoltaic panel array; An output data prediction module, which is used to make predictions based on the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array, and the output data prediction module is obtained through training and learning of a recurrent neural network based on the historical sampling data of each photovoltaic panel array; wherein the historical sampling data is data collected when there is no abnormality in each photovoltaic panel array; A calculation module, which is used to calculate the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation, wherein the actual power generation is calculated by the voltage and current data acquired by the monitoring device; The first judgment module is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold. If so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality; if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality.

4. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a micro-locator, which is provided in plurality, and each group of photovoltaic panel arrays is provided with a corresponding micro-locator, and the micro-locators are all communicatively connected with the corresponding sub-controllers, so that the data obtained by the sub-controllers carry positioning information.

5. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a main controller, and each sub-controller is communicatively connected to the main controller for receiving monitoring data information and positioning information transmitted by each sub-controller. The main controller is communicatively connected to the simulation module.

6. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring device is a multi-sensor combined monitoring device, and the monitoring device is provided with: a current sensor, which is used to obtain the output current value of the photovoltaic panel array; a voltage sensor, which is used to obtain the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel array; a light irradiator, which is used to obtain light irradiance data; a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to obtain the temperature and humidity data of the environment; A wind speed sensor is used to obtain wind speed data; a wind direction sensor is used to obtain wind direction data; wherein the light irradiator, the temperature and humidity sensor, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all communicatively connected to the sub-controller.

7. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring device is also provided with a dust detection device, which is used to obtain dust thickness data of the photovoltaic panel array. The environmental parameter data also includes dust thickness data. The photovoltaic panel array simulation module adds dust scenes according to the dust thickness data when simulating the photovoltaic panel array.

8. The photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The simulation module also includes: a second judgment module, which is used to judge whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold, and the first threshold is greater than the second threshold. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the group of photovoltaic panel arrays and the difference is greater than the second threshold, the group of photovoltaic panel arrays is reminded to clean dust.

9. A photovoltaic power station monitoring method, applied to a photovoltaic power station monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. Divide the centralized photovoltaic power generation system into multiple photovoltaic panel arrays, each photovoltaic panel array is provided with a corresponding monitoring device and a micro-positioner, the monitoring device and the micro-positioner are connected to a sub-controller, and each sub-controller transmits the acquired data to the main controller; S2. On a sunny day, the monitoring device acquires environmental parameter data and the voltage and current data output by each photovoltaic panel array in real time, and transmits the data to the sub-controller. The sub-controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the main controller, and the main controller transmits the acquired monitoring data information and positioning information to the simulation module; S3, the simulation module predicts the voltage and current data and the generated power of each photovoltaic panel array according to the light irradiance data, temperature and humidity data, wind speed and wind direction data of each photovoltaic panel array; S4, the calculation module calculates the difference between the power generation output by the output data prediction module and the actual power generation; S5, the first judgment module determines whether the difference is greater than a set first threshold value, if so, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has an abnormality, if not, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel array has no abnormality; S6. The second judgment module judges whether the difference is greater than a set second threshold value. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the photovoltaic panel array and the difference is greater than the second threshold value, the photovoltaic panel array is reminded to clean dust.

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