Cultivation method for reducing discharge of nitrous oxide in summer corn field

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a cultivation method for reducing emission of nitrous oxide in a summer corn field. The cultivation method for reducing the discharge of nitrous oxide in the summer corn field comprises the steps that pretreatment is conducted, specifically, soil staggered-row strip deep scarification treatment is conducted according to the corn sowing row spacing, the deep scarification depth of one row of staggered-row strips ranges from 35 cm to 40 cm, and the deep scarification depth of the other row of staggered-row strips ranges from 25 cm to 30 cm; applying a base fertilizer: uniformly mixing a mixture containing an organic fertilizer and a fungicide, a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, and scattering the mixture on the earth surface; sowing: sowing corn seeds in soil, and watering seedling emergence water; applying a nitrogen fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and a biological nitrification inhibitor through a water and fertilizer integration method in 6-8 leaf expansion periods of corn growth, and applying the nitrogen fertilizer in 12-15 leaf expansion periods of the corn growth; field management and the like. According to the method, N2O emission reduction, corn water nitrogen utilization efficiency improvement and yield benefit increase of the summer corn field can be realized synergistically, and technical support is provided for green, high-quality, efficient and sustainable production of Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields. Background Art

[0002] Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that has a significant impact on global climate change and the ecological environment. Farmland soil is the main source of global N2O emissions, and the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in farmland contributes more than 70% to farmland N2O emissions. Therefore, taking measures to reduce farmland N2O emissions and improve crop water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield is the key to achieving green and sustainable agricultural production.

[0003] Corn is one of the important food crops in my country. As a multi-purpose crop used for food, cash crops and feed, its production has an important impact on ensuring my country's food security and the development of the entire national economy. At present, the production of summer corn generally has problems such as high N2O emissions from farmland, low resource utilization efficiency, difficulty in realizing the potential for increasing production, and low benefits caused by unscientific soil, water and fertilizer management, which seriously hinders the green, high-quality, efficient and sustainable production of agriculture.

[0004] Therefore, in order to achieve the synergy of N2O emission reduction in summer corn fields, improved water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of corn, and increased yield benefits, and to provide technical support for the green, high-quality, efficient and sustainable production of summer corn in the Huanghuaihai region, it is urgently necessary to optimize the soil, fertilizer, water and other management measures in summer corn production, and develop an integrated corn cultivation technology model. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to at least a certain extent. To this end, the present invention provides a cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields, which can not only reduce nitrous oxide emissions, but also improve water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, increase yield and improve benefits.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0007] According to the present application, a cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields is provided, the method comprising:

[0008] Pre-treatment: deep loosening of the soil in staggered strips according to the corn sowing row spacing, the deep loosening depth of one row of the staggered strips is 35cm-40cm, and the deep loosening depth of the other row of the strips is 25cm-30cm;

[0009] Application of base fertilizer: Mix the mixture of organic fertilizer and bacterial agent, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly and spread on the surface, then till the soil to a tillage layer of 0-20 cm;

[0010] Sowing: Sow corn seeds in the soil and water them until they emerge;

[0011] Topdressing: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and biological nitrification inhibitor are applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method; during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer is applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method;

[0012] Field management: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage to the flowering and silking stage of corn growth, when the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm is less than 60%-65% of the field water holding capacity, supplementary irrigation is carried out through micro-sprinkler irrigation to make the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm reach 65%-80% of the field water holding capacity.

[0013] In some of the embodiments, in the pre-treatment step, the soil is deep loosened in staggered strips using a strip deep loosening machine, and the spacing between the deep loosening blades of the strip deep loosening machine is 60cm to 80cm, preferably 60cm; or, the spacing between two adjacent strips is 30cm to 40cm, preferably 30cm, and the loosening depths of two adjacent strips are 35cm to 40cm and 25cm to 30cm, respectively.

[0014] In some embodiments, the soil deep loosening treatment with staggered strips is performed before sowing of the preceding crop, winter wheat.

[0015] In some of the embodiments, the soil deep loosening treatment in staggered strips is performed once every other year.

[0016] In some of the embodiments, after the pre-treatment and before the application of the base fertilizer, land preparation is also included; the land preparation includes: after the previous crop winter wheat is harvested, the straw of the previous crop is crushed by a stubble destroyer, and the length of the crushed straw is less than 8.0 cm.

[0017] In some embodiments, in the base fertilizer application step, the organic fertilizer includes cow dung-derived organic fertilizer, and the microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis solid microbial agent.

[0018] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer includes at least one of slow-release urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferably slow-release urea.

[0019] In some embodiments, the phosphate fertilizer includes at least one of superphosphate, calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate.

[0020] In some embodiments, the potash fertilizer includes at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or dipotassium hydrogen sulfate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the application amount of the cow dung-derived organic fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu.

[0022] In some embodiments, the application amount of the Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu.

[0023] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 9.5 to 11.0 kg / mu.

[0024] In some embodiments, the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 14 to 16 kg / mu.

[0025] In some embodiments, the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 11 to 13 kg / mu.

[0026] In some embodiments, in the base fertilizer application step, the nitrogen application amount of the organic fertilizer accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen application amount.

[0027] In some embodiments, the phosphorus fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total phosphorus application.

[0028] In some embodiments, the potassium fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total potassium application.

[0029] In some embodiments, the corn seeds are selected from compact, densely planted and medium-early maturing corn varieties.

[0030] In some embodiments, the compact, densely planted and medium-early maturing corn variety meets the following characteristics: the average stem-leaf angle of the three-leaf ear meets the requirement of 20 to 25 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the upper leaves of the three-leaf ear meets the requirement of 15 to 18 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the lower leaves of the three-leaf ear meets the requirement of 30 to 35 degrees, and the corn plant height is ≤260 cm.

[0031] In some of the embodiments, the corn seeds include at least one of the varieties Yudan 9953 or Huangjinliang MY73.

[0032] In some embodiments, in the sowing step, a seeder is used to sow and compact the sowing belt, and the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer of the sowing belt after compaction is maintained at 1.18-1.25 g / cm 3 .

[0033] In some embodiments, the corn planting row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm to 22 cm.

[0034] In some embodiments, the corn planting density is 5300 to 5500 plants per mu.

[0035] In some embodiments, in the topdressing step, the nitrogen fertilizer includes at least one of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferably urea.

[0036] In some embodiments, the zinc fertilizer includes at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride or zinc oxide.

[0037] In some embodiments, the biological nitrification inhibitor includes 1,9-decanediol.

[0038] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 5.0 to 6.5 kg / mu during the 6th to 8th leaf expansion stage of corn growth.

[0039] In some embodiments, the application amount of the zinc fertilizer is 0.8 to 1.0 kg / mu.

[0040] In some embodiments, the application amount of the biological nitrification inhibitor is 0.8% to 1.0% of the nitrogen fertilizer in the topdressing.

[0041] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 10.0 to 11.5 kg / mu during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth.

[0042] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer applied during the 6th to 8th leaf expansion stage of corn growth accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen application.

[0043] In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer applied during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen application.

[0044] In some embodiments, the field management also includes at least one of applying chemical control agents and controlling pests and diseases.

[0045] Implementing the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the provided method integrates and applies the technology of unequal deep loosening of the tillage layer in staggered strips, the technology of combining organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, the integrated application of nitrogen fertilizer in water and fertilizer, and the application of biological nitrification inhibitor in topdressing, firstly, it plays a role in improving the physical and chemical properties of the tillage layer soil, which is beneficial to the fixation of water and nutrients in farmland; secondly, it realizes the reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by about 15-20%, which is beneficial to reduce the ecological environment pollution and nitrogen loss of farmland caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, and can promote the green, high-quality and sustainable production of farmland; thirdly, it improves the water and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of corn and the increase of yield by regulating the root growth and root vitality of corn plants and the nitrogen metabolism capacity of root canopy. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the tillage layer soil and realize the reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer under the premise of also realizing the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O), increasing corn production, increasing efficiency and increasing income, and plays an important guiding role in promoting the green, high-quality and efficient sustainable production of corn throughout the mechanization process.

[0047] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 The figure shows a staggered strip unequal depth loosening operation mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 Shown is a diagram showing the impact of different cultivation measures on farmland N2O emission flux (A) and N2O cumulative emissions (B) during the growth period of summer corn in 2022 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 Shown is a graph of farmland N2O emission flux and cumulative emission under different cultivation modes in 2023 provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present application is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0052] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range or the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0053] If there is no special description, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution. If there is no special description, all technical features and optional technical features of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0054] If there is no special explanation, the "include" and "comprising" mentioned in this application are open-ended or closed-ended. For example, the "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or only the listed components may be included or only the listed components may be included.

[0055] Corn is one of the important food crops in my country and is widely used in food, feed and industrial raw materials. Its high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable production is of great significance to ensuring national food security. In the past few years, my country's summer corn yield has been significantly improved. However, due to the long-term use of the single tillage mode of shallow rotary tillage in winter wheat season + no-tillage in summer corn season, the "one-shot" fertilizer single application mode and the irrigation mode of flooding, the physical and chemical properties of the farmland plough layer have deteriorated, the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of corn is generally low, the farmland nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have increased, the farmland ecological environment pollution and the yield potential are difficult to continue to achieve breakthroughs. A series of problems, which do not meet the needs of green and sustainable production of corn, seriously restrict the green, high-quality and sustainable development of agriculture. In addition, since the summer corn in the Yellow Sea is in the same period of rain and heat for a long time in July and August of its growing season, under the influence of environmental factors such as high temperature and heavy rainfall, farmland N2O emissions and nitrogen losses from other pathways are further increased. Therefore, in the context of achieving green, efficient and sustainable agricultural production, the research and development of cultivation methods that can reduce N2O emissions from summer corn fields, improve water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, increase yields and improve benefits are of great significance to the green, efficient and sustainable production of summer corn in the future.

[0056] In order to improve the above problems, the related technology provides some nitrogen fertilizer application methods for reducing N2O emissions. For example, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied to farmland at one time during the corn seedling stage. The application method is to apply it into the fertilizer ditch in two layers. In the first layer, 60% to 70% of the nitrogen fertilizer required for the summer corn growth period is evenly applied to the bottom of the fertilizer ditch, and the soil is covered to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height of the fertilizer ditch, and then the remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied. In addition, in recent years, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing farmland N2O emissions and increasing corn production and efficiency in summer corn cultivation and production, researchers have carried out a series of studies on technologies such as organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, reducing nitrogen fertilizer, integrating water and fertilizer, and increasing biochar. However, although these existing methods play a certain regulatory role in reducing N2O emissions in corn fields and increasing corn production and efficiency, these studies rarely achieve the effects of reducing N2O emissions, efficient use of water and nitrogen, and synergistic effects of increasing production and income. In addition, although existing research measures can achieve certain goals, they are cumbersome to operate, labor-intensive, costly, and low in efficiency, which is not conducive to large-scale mechanized production in the field. Relevant technologies cannot be effectively used to widely guide the production of summer corn to reduce emissions, increase yields, and increase efficiency.

[0057] In view of this, the present application provides a cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields. The method can achieve the effects of N2O emission reduction, efficient utilization of water and nitrogen, and synergistic increase in production and income. The present application is described in detail below.

[0058] In some embodiments, the present application provides a cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields, the method comprising:

[0059] Pre-treatment: deep loosening of the soil in staggered strips according to the corn sowing row spacing, the deep loosening depth of one row of the staggered strips is 35cm-40cm, and the deep loosening depth of the other row of the strips is 25cm-30cm;

[0060] Application of base fertilizer: Mix the mixture of organic fertilizer and bacterial agent, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly and spread on the surface, then till the soil to a tillage layer of 0-20 cm;

[0061] Sowing: Sow corn seeds in the soil and water them until they emerge;

[0062] Topdressing: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and biological nitrification inhibitor are applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method; during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer is applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method;

[0063] Field management: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage to the flowering and silking stage of corn growth, when the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm is less than 60%-65% of the field water holding capacity, supplementary irrigation is carried out through micro-sprinkler irrigation to make the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm reach 65%-80% of the field water holding capacity.

[0064] The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields of the present invention is a cultivation method that can achieve synergistic reduction of N2O emissions, improvement of water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and increase in yield in summer corn fields. The inventors of the present application focus on optimizing the tillage layer and the rational operation of water and nitrogen, and provide the method in combination with the perspective of pest and disease control. The method can significantly increase corn yield and benefits while achieving synergy between farmland N2O emission reduction and improvement of water and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The operation is simple and easy, and is conducive to promoting large-scale green and sustainable production of summer corn in the Huanghuaihai Plain.

[0065] Compared with the existing corn planting technology which can only play a certain regulatory role in reducing N2O emissions from corn fields and increasing corn production and efficiency, the present invention can achieve the effects of reducing N2O emissions, efficiently utilizing water and nitrogen, and synergizing production and income, and can also alleviate the problems of the existing technology such as complicated operation, labor-intensive, high cost, low efficiency, and being unfavorable for large-scale mechanized production in the field.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, the cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields specifically comprises the following steps (a) to (g):

[0067] Step (a): Pretreatment, which mainly includes deep loosening of the soil.

[0068] In some embodiments, in step (a), the soil is deep loosened in staggered strips according to the corn sowing row spacing, for example, before sowing winter wheat, the preceding crop of summer corn, the soil is deep loosened in staggered strips of unequal depths, and the deep loosening depths of the staggered strips are 35 cm to 40 cm and 25 cm to 30 cm, respectively.

[0069] The above-mentioned unequal deep loosening of staggered strips means that the deep loosening depths of two adjacent strips are different, that is, the strips with different deep loosening depths are staggered, for example, the deep loosening depth of one row of staggered strips is 35cm to 40cm, for example, 35cm, 36cm, 37cm, 38cm, 39cm, 40cm, etc., and the deep loosening depth of another row of strips is 25cm to 30cm, for example, 25cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm, 30cm, etc. Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent strips can be the same, and the only difference is that the deep loosening depths of the strips are different.

[0070] In step (a), the above-mentioned staggered strip deep tillage treatment of the soil is carried out using a strip deep tillage machine, and the deep tillage blade spacing of the strip deep tillage machine is 60cm to 80cm, for example, it can be 60cm or 80cm, etc., preferably 60cm; or, the spacing between two adjacent strips is 30cm to 40cm, preferably 30cm, and the loosening depths of two adjacent strips are 35cm to 40cm and 25cm to 30cm, respectively.

[0071] Preferably, the soil deep loosening treatment in staggered strips is carried out before sowing of the preceding crop, winter wheat.

[0072] Preferably, the soil deep loosening treatment in staggered strips is carried out once every other year.

[0073] As an example, in step (a), if Figure 1 As shown, deep loosening of the tillage layer with staggered strips is carried out. Specifically, deep loosening is carried out before sowing the previous crop winter wheat. The deep loosening operation uses staggered strips with unequal deep loosening twice. The spacing between the strip deep loosening blades is 60 cm. The first deep loosening depth is about 35 to 40 cm. The second deep loosening is carried out between rows with staggered deep loosening, and the deep loosening depth is about 25 to 30 cm. This deep loosening mode does not need to be carried out every year, and it can be carried out once every year. In this way, the plow bottom layer is completely broken by the staggered strips with unequal deep loosening, and the position of the original tillage layer soil is not disturbed.

[0074] Figure 1 The above staggered strips with unequal depth loosening operation mode are shown. Figure 1 In the figure, the solid line and the dotted line represent the strips of deep tillage in the farmland, respectively. The solid line represents the position of the first strip deep tillage, with a deep tillage depth of 35 to 40 cm; the dotted line represents the position of the second staggered deep tillage, with a deep tillage depth of about 25 to 30 cm.

[0075] Step (b): land preparation.

[0076] In some embodiments, in step (b), stubble destroying and land preparation are performed before sowing summer corn, including: after the previous crop winter wheat is harvested, the straw of the previous crop (winter wheat) is crushed using a stubble destroyer to ensure that the length of the crushed wheat straw is less than 8.0 cm, so as to accelerate the decomposition efficiency of the straw after returning it to the field.

[0077] Step (c): Applying basal fertilizer.

[0078] In some embodiments, in step (c), the mixture comprising organic fertilizer and bacterial agent, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mixed evenly and spread on the ground surface, and then rotary tilled to a tillage layer of 0 to 20 cm. In step (c), the base fertilizer is prepared before applying the base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is applied after the preparation is completed.

[0079] Optionally, in the base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is preferably cow dung-derived organic fertilizer (cow dung-derived carbon-based organic fertilizer). Optionally, in the base fertilizer, the bacterial agent includes a solid bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis.

[0080] The present invention has no special restrictions on the type and source of organic fertilizer. Optionally, the microbial agent can be purchased from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Management Center.

[0081] The present invention has no particular limitation on the sources of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer from conventional sources in the art can be used.

[0082] As an example, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of slow-release urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from slow-release urea; more preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from slow-release urea with a nitrogen content of 46%.

[0083] As an example, the phosphate fertilizer includes one or more of superphosphate, calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate; preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from superphosphate; more preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from superphosphate with a P2O5 content of 46%.

[0084] As an example, the potash fertilizer includes one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or dipotassium hydrogen sulfate; preferably, the potash fertilizer is selected from potassium chloride; more preferably, the potash fertilizer is selected from potassium chloride with a K2O content of 60%.

[0085] In the above-mentioned application of base fertilizer, the mixed base fertilizer can be first spread on the ground surface, and then the fertilizer can be rotated into the soil to a certain depth using a rotary tiller.

[0086] In the present invention, in the application of base fertilizer, the application amount of the above-mentioned cow dung source organic fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu, for example, 150 kg / mu, 160 kg / mu, 170 kg / mu, 180 kg / mu, etc. The application amount of the above-mentioned Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu, for example, 0.8 kg / mu, 0.9 kg / mu, 1.0 kg / mu, etc. The application amount of the above-mentioned nitrogen fertilizer is 9.5-11.0 kg / mu, for example, 9.5 kg / mu, 10.0 kg / mu, 10.5 kg / mu, 11.0 kg / mu, etc. The application amount of the above-mentioned phosphate fertilizer is 14-16 kg / mu, for example, 14 kg / mu, 15 kg / mu, 16 kg / mu, etc. The application amount of the above-mentioned potash fertilizer is 11-13 kg / mu, for example, 11 kg / mu, 12 kg / mu, 13 kg / mu, etc.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, step (c) basal fertilizer application specifically includes: before applying basal fertilizer, 150-180kg / mu of cow dung carbon-based organic fertilizer and 0.8-1.0kg / mu of Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant are mixed evenly by a stirrer and placed for more than 24 hours for standby. Weigh 9.5-11.0kg / mu of slow-release urea with a N content of 46%, 14-16kg / mu of superphosphate with a P2O5 content of 46%, and 11-13kg / mu of potassium chloride with a K2O content of 60%. Further, after the organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride are mixed by a stirrer, they are evenly spread on the surface by a fertilizer spreader and rotated into the 0-20cm tillage layer by a rotary tiller. That is, after spreading on the ground surface, a rotary tiller is used to till the soil twice (the tillage depth is about 20 cm) so that the crushed wheat straw, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are evenly distributed in the 0-20 cm tillage layer of soil and compacted.

[0088] In some embodiments, in the step (c) of applying basal fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen applied in the organic fertilizer accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen applied, that is, the N in the organic fertilizer accounts for 15% to 20% of the total N applied, for example, it can be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc. In the application of basal fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen applied in the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen applied, that is, the amount of N in nitrogen fertilizer such as urea accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen applied, for example, it can be 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, etc. In the application of basal fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total phosphorus applied, that is, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total phosphorus applied. In the application of basal fertilizer, potash fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total potassium applied, that is, potash fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total potassium applied.

[0089] Step (d): corn variety selection and pre-sowing treatment.

[0090] In some embodiments, in step (d), corn varieties are selected before sowing.

[0091] Optionally, a compact, densely planted, medium-early maturing corn variety suitable for summer planting areas that has passed national or provincial approval may be selected. The compact, densely planted, medium-early maturing corn variety meets the following characteristics:

[0092] The average stem-leaf angle of the three-leaf ear is 20-25 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the upper leaves of the three-leaf ear is 15-18 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the lower leaves of the three-leaf ear is 30-35 degrees, and the corn plant height is ≤260cm.

[0093] The selection of corn varieties with compact plant types is conducive to the optimization of the light environment in the middle and lower parts of the colony.

[0094] In some preferred embodiments, the corn variety can be selected from one or more of Yudan 9953, Huangjinliang MY73 and the like.

[0095] Step (e): sowing seeds and watering the seedlings.

[0096] In some embodiments, in step (e), in the sowing step, a seeder is used to sow and press the sowing belt, and the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer of the sowing belt after pressing is maintained at 1.18-1.25 g / cm 3 , for example, 1.18 g / cm 3 , 1.20g / cm 3 , 1.22g / cm 3 , 1.25g / cm 3 wait.

[0097] Optionally, the corn sowing row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm to 22 cm, for example, 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, etc.

[0098] Optionally, the sowing density of corn is 5300 to 5500 plants / mu, for example, 5300 plants / mu, 5400 plants / mu, 5500 plants / mu, etc.

[0099] After corn is sown, water should be poured in time for seedling emergence. For example, micro-spraying can be used for irrigation, with 25-30 m3 of water per mu. 3 above.

[0100] In some specific embodiments, in step (e) of sowing and watering the seedlings, a precision single seed seeder is used to sow and press the sowing belt, and the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer of the sowing belt after pressing is maintained at 1.18-1.25 g / cm 3 The row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 20-22cm, and the planting density is 5300-5500 plants / mu. After sowing, a micro-spraying belt is laid every 3 rows of corn and irrigated with the help of micro-spraying, spraying 25-30 cubic meters of water per mu to ensure normal emergence.

[0101] Step (f): Applying topdressing.

[0102] In some embodiments, in step (f), topdressing is performed at different leaf development stages (leaf development stages) of corn, such as applying nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and biological nitrification inhibitor by an integrated water-fertilizer method at the 6th to 8th leaf development stage of corn growth, preferably at the 7th leaf development stage of corn growth; and applying nitrogen fertilizer by an integrated water-fertilizer method at the 12th to 15th leaf development stage of corn growth, preferably at the 14th leaf development stage of corn growth.

[0103] The present invention has no special restrictions on the sources and types of nitrogen fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and biological nitrification inhibitors in topdressing, and nitrogen fertilizers, zinc fertilizers and biological nitrification inhibitors from conventional sources in the art can be used.

[0104] As an example, in topdressing, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, and the urea is ordinary urea.

[0105] As an example, in topdressing, the zinc fertilizer includes one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride or zinc oxide; preferably, the zinc fertilizer is selected from zinc sulfate.

[0106] As an example, the biological nitrification inhibitor is selected from 1,9-decanediol.

[0107] In the present invention, topdressing can be performed by means of water-fertilizer integrated micro-spraying.

[0108] In the present invention, in the application of topdressing, in the 6-8 leaf stage of corn growth, such as the 7 leaf stage, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 5.0-6.5 kg / mu, for example, 5.0 kg / mu, 5.5 kg / mu, 6.0 kg / mu, 6.5 kg / mu, etc.; the application amount of zinc fertilizer is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu, for example, 0.8 kg / mu, 0.9 kg / mu, 1.0 kg / mu, etc.; the application amount of biological nitrification inhibitor is 0.8%-1.0% of the nitrogen fertilizer (topdressing urea amount) in the topdressing, such as 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, etc. In the application of topdressing, in the 12-15 leaf stage of corn growth, such as the 14 leaf stage, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 10.0-11.5 kg / mu, for example, 10.0 kg / mu, 10.5 kg / mu, 11.0 kg / mu, 11.5 kg / mu, etc.

[0109] In some specific embodiments, step (f) of applying topdressing specifically includes: when the corn has 7 leaves, applying 5.0-6.5 kg / mu of ordinary urea (such as ordinary urea with a nitrogen content of 46%) and 0.8-1.0 kg / mu of zinc sulfate through integrated water-fertilizer micro-spraying, and adding a biological nitrification inhibitor 1,9-decanediol to the topdressing fertilizer, and the added 1,9-decanediol is 0.8% to 1.0% of the amount of topdressing urea; when the corn has 14 leaves, applying 10.0-11.5 kg / mu of ordinary urea (such as ordinary urea with a nitrogen content of 46%) through integrated water-fertilizer micro-spraying.

[0110] The nitrogen fertilizer applied at the 7-leaf stage of corn accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen application, for example, it can be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc. The nitrogen fertilizer applied at the 14-leaf stage of corn accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen application, for example, it can be 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, etc.

[0111] Step (g): Field management.

[0112] In some embodiments, in step (g), other field management measures are performed, such as, during the 6-8 leaf expansion stage (preferably the 7-8 leaf expansion stage) to the flowering and silking stage of corn growth, when the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm is less than 60%-65% (such as 65%) of the field water holding capacity, supplementary irrigation is performed through micro-sprinkler irrigation to ensure that the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm reaches 65%-80% of the field water holding capacity.

[0113] Optionally, field management also includes applying chemical control agents and controlling at least one of pests and diseases.

[0114] In some specific embodiments, step (g) field management specifically includes:

[0115] Chemical control is carried out during the 7-8 leaf development period of corn to prevent corn lodging. Use 2-3 chemical control agents including ethephon, corn stamina, chlormequat, paclobutrazol, and ammonium sulfate to prepare a mixture for spraying according to the instructions for use to avoid side effects caused by the application of a single chemical control agent; from the 8-leaf development period to the flowering and silking period of corn, when the soil moisture content of 0-30 cm is less than 65% of the field water holding capacity, timely micro-sprinkler irrigation is used for appropriate supplementary irrigation so that the soil moisture content of 0-30 cm reaches 65%-80% of the field water holding capacity; from the corn grain establishment period to the milky stage, one spray and multiple promotion pest and disease control management is carried out. According to the type of corn pests and diseases, one insecticide, one fungicide, and one foliar fertilizer are selected according to the symptomatic situation, and the mixture is mixed according to the recommended dosage on the label of each agent. At the same time, 50-60g / mu of nano-network controlled-release agent with calcium carbonate as the carrier is added to the prepared agent and stirred evenly, and sprayed with the help of plant protection drones.

[0116] From the above, it can be seen that the present invention integrates and applies the technology of unequal deep loosening of the tillage layer with staggered strips, the technology of combining organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, the integrated application of urea for water and fertilizer, the application of biological nitrification inhibitors for topdressing, and the selection of resistant varieties. First, it plays a role in improving the physical and chemical properties of the tillage layer soil, which is beneficial to the retention of water and nutrients in farmland; secondly, it achieves a reduction of about 15-20% in the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, which is beneficial to reducing the ecological environmental pollution and nitrogen loss of farmland caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, and can promote the green, high-quality and sustainable production of farmland; thirdly, by regulating the root growth and root vitality of corn plants and the nitrogen metabolism capacity of the root canopy, the water and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of corn and the increase in yield are improved. In short, compared with the prior art, the present invention can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the tillage layer soil and achieve the reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer under the premise of achieving N2O emission reduction, corn yield increase, efficiency increase and income increase, and plays an important guiding role in promoting the green, high-quality and efficient sustainable production of corn throughout the mechanization process.

[0117] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0118] Example 1

[0119] Trial time: 2022.

[0120] Experimental location: Shuifanzhai Village, Nanying Town, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province.

[0121] Experimental material: corn variety Yudan 9953.

[0122] The cultivation method for achieving N2O emission reduction, efficient absorption and utilization of water and nitrogen, and high yield in summer corn fields includes the following cultivation management steps:

[0123] Before sowing the previous winter wheat, the previous wheat straw was crushed and stubbled to make the straw length less than 8 cm. The 150 kg / mu cow dung-based carbon-based organic fertilizer (including 0.8 kg of Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant) prepared in advance was mixed with 10.5 kg / mu of slow-release urea (containing 46% N), 15.5 kg / mu of superphosphate (containing 46% P2O5) and 13.0 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and evenly spread on the surface with the help of a fertilizer spreader. Then, the rotary tiller was used to till the soil twice to evenly distribute the straw and fertilizer in the 0-20 cm tillage layer. The densely planted, early-mature compact corn variety Yudan 9953 was selected for single-grain precision sowing, with a sowing density of 5,300 plants / mu. After sowing, 35 cubic meters of water was used for seedling emergence with the help of integrated water and fertilizer micro-sprinkler irrigation. When the corn has 7 leaves, 6.0kg / mu of common urea, 0.8kg / mu of zinc sulfate and 60g / mu of 1,9-diol, a biological nitrification inhibitor, are applied with the help of integrated water and fertilizer micro-spraying; when the corn has 8 leaves, ethephon and amide lipids are mixed according to the application requirements for chemical control; when the corn has 14 leaves, 10.5kg / mu of common urea is applied with the help of integrated water and fertilizer micro-spraying. After the corn kernels are formed, one spray and three promotion operations are carried out, and the dosage combinations are mixed according to the recommended dosage combinations on the labels of the respective agents. At the same time, 50g / mu of nano-network controlled-release agents with calcium carbonate as the carrier are added to the prepared agents and stirred evenly.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] Trial time: 2023.

[0126] Test location: Di Shang Village, Qiutou Town, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province.

[0127] Experimental material: corn variety Yudan 9953.

[0128] The cultivation method for achieving N2O emission reduction, efficient absorption and utilization of water and nitrogen, and high yield in summer corn fields includes the following cultivation management steps:

[0129] Before sowing the previous winter wheat, staggered strips were deeply tilled to 40 cm and 25 cm respectively. Before sowing the summer corn, the straw of the previous crop was crushed and stubbled, and the length of the wheat straw after stubbled was less than 8 cm. 165 kg / mu of cow dung-source carbon-based organic fertilizer mixed with 1.0 kg / mu of Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant prepared in advance was mixed evenly with 11.0 kg / mu of slow-release urea (containing 46% N), 14.5 kg / mu of superphosphate (containing 46% P2O5) and 11.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O), and then evenly spread on the ground with the help of a fertilizer spreader, and then the soil was evenly tilled twice by a rotary tiller to evenly distribute the straw and fertilizer in the 0-20 cm tillage layer of soil. The densely planted, early-maturing and compact corn variety Yudan 9953 was selected for single-grain precision sowing, with a sowing density of 5,500 plants / mu. After sowing, 30 cubic meters of water was used to irrigate the seedlings with the help of a micro-spray belt. During the 7-leaf period of corn, 6.5 kg / mu of ordinary urea + 65 g / mu of biological nitrification inhibitor 1,9-deoxy-1 were applied from 7 to 10 a.m. with the help of integrated water and fertilizer; during the 8-leaf period, chlormequat and paclobutrazol were mixed according to the application instructions for chemical control; during the 14-leaf period of corn, 11.0 kg / mu of ordinary urea was applied with the help of integrated water and fertilizer micro-spray irrigation. After the corn kernels were formed, one spray and three promotion operations were carried out, and the recommended dosage combinations were mixed according to the labels of the respective agents. At the same time, 60 g / mu of nano-network controlled-release agent with calcium carbonate as the carrier was added to the prepared agent and stirred evenly.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] Trial time: 2024.

[0132] Test location: Di Shang Village, Qiutou Town, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province.

[0133] Experimental material: corn variety Golden Grain MY73.

[0134] The cultivation method for achieving N2O emission reduction, efficient absorption and utilization of water and nitrogen, and high yield in summer corn fields includes the following cultivation management steps:

[0135] Before sowing the previous winter wheat, staggered strips with unequal deep loosening were carried out, with the depths of staggered strips being 35 cm and 25 cm respectively; before sowing the summer corn, the previous crop straw was crushed and stubbled, and the length of the wheat straw after stubbled was less than 8 cm, and 180 kg / mu of cow dung-source charcoal-based organic fertilizer mixed with 0.95 kg / mu of Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant prepared in advance was mixed evenly with 10.5 kg / mu of slow-release urea (containing 46% N), 14.5 kg / mu of superphosphate (containing 46% P2O5) and 12.0 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O), and then evenly spread on the ground with the help of a fertilizer spreader, and then rotary tilled twice with a rotary tiller to evenly distribute the crushed straw and fertilizer in the 0-20 cm tillage layer of soil. The densely planted, early-maturing and compact corn variety Huangjinliang MY73 was selected for single-grain precision sowing, with a sowing density of 5,300 plants / mu. After sowing, 35 cubic meters of water was used to irrigate the seedlings with the help of micro-spraying belts. During the 7-leaf development period of corn, 6.5 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 0.85 kg / mu of zinc sulfate and 65 g / mu of biological nitrification inhibitor 1,9-diol were applied with the help of integrated water and fertilizer; during the 8-leaf development period, chlormequat and paclobutrazol were mixed according to the application instructions for chemical control; during the 14-leaf development period of corn, 11.0 kg / mu of ordinary urea was applied with the help of integrated water and fertilizer micro-spraying. After the corn kernels were formed, one spray and three promotion operations were carried out, and the recommended dosage combinations were mixed according to the labels of the respective agents. 50 g / mu of nano-net controlled release agent with calcium carbonate as the carrier was added to the prepared agent at the same time and stirred evenly, and sprayed by plant protection drones.

[0136] Verification Example 1

[0137] In 2022, three different cultivation and planting patterns were set up in Shuifanzhai Village, Nanying Town, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province:

[0138] Treatment 1 (PM1): The conventional planting mode of farmers was adopted. The key points of the PM1 planting mode were: no deep tillage before sowing the previous crop winter wheat + no-tillage hard stubble direct sowing before sowing summer corn. The corn variety used was the medium-maturing large-ear variety Weike 702 with a suitable sowing density of 4000-4500 plants / mu. 55kg of conventional compound fertilizer was applied per mu (the nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O in the compound fertilizer was 27%-6%-7%, and the total nutrient content was greater than 40%). The compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer through a sowing and fertilization machine, and no topdressing was performed afterwards. The sowing density was about 4500 plants / mu; after sowing, the seedling water was poured through flooding. Chemical weeding was carried out before the corn emerged, and conventional chemical control was carried out when the corn had 8 leaves. During the growth period of corn, supplementary irrigation and conventional pest and disease control were carried out according to the actual situation of the farmland.

[0139] Treatment 2 (PM2): Chemical nitrogen fertilizer was applied in batches based on the farmer's planting model (basal application + topdressing). The key points of the PM2 planting model are: no deep tillage before sowing the previous crop winter wheat + no-tillage hard stubble direct sowing before sowing summer corn. The corn variety used was the medium-maturing large-ear variety Weike 702 with a suitable sowing density of 4000-4500 plants / mu. 40kg of conventional compound fertilizer was applied per mu (the nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O in the compound fertilizer was 18%-16%-15% respectively). The compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer through a sowing and fertilization integrated machine, and the sowing density was about 4500 plants / mu; after sowing, the seedling water was poured through flooding. Pre-seedling chemical weeding was carried out before corn emerged, and conventional chemical control was carried out when the corn had 8 leaves. During the 9-leaf development period of corn, 11.6kg / mu of ordinary urea was applied with the help of water-fertilizer integration. During the growth period of corn, timely and appropriate supplementary irrigation and conventional pest and disease control were carried out according to the actual soil moisture conditions of the farmland.

[0140] Treatment three (PM3): that is, the cultivation and planting mode of the present invention (the above-mentioned embodiment 1), the cultivation characteristics of the PM3 planting mode are: before sowing the previous winter wheat, the staggered strips are deeply loosened twice (the strips are staggered and deep loosening, and the tillage depths are 35 cm and 25 cm respectively); after harvesting the previous wheat, the straw is crushed by a stubble destroyer and the crushed straw is less than 8 cm; 150 kg / mu of cow dung source carbon-based organic fertilizer (including 0.8 kg / mu of solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis) prepared in advance is mixed with 10.5 kg / mu of controlled-release urea (containing 46% N), 15.5 kg / mu of superphosphate (containing 46% P2O5) and 13.0 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and evenly spread on the ground with the help of a fertilizer spreader, and then rotated into the 0-20 cm tillage layer of soil together with the crushed straw through a rotary tiller. Select the early-mature corn variety Yudan 9953 with compact plant type and high density tolerance for sowing, with row spacing of 60cm, plant spacing of 20-22cm, and sowing density of 5300 plants / mu. After sowing, lay a micro-spray belt every three rows, and irrigate the seedlings with 35 cubic meters / mu of water through micro-spraying. Chemical weeding is carried out before emergence. At the 7-leaf stage of corn, 6.0kg / mu of ordinary urea, 0.8kg / mu of zinc sulfate and 60g / mu of biological nitrification inhibitor 1,9-deoxy-1 were applied through micro-spraying of integrated water and fertilizer; conventional chemical control was carried out at the 8-leaf stage. At the 14-leaf stage of corn, 11.0kg / mu of ordinary urea was applied through micro-spraying of integrated water and fertilizer. 12 days after corn pollination, according to the types of corn pests and diseases, select one insecticide, one fungicide and one foliar fertilizer to carry out one-spray-multiple-promotion pest and disease control management. Mix them according to the recommended dosage combinations on their labels. Add 50-60g / mu of nano-network controlled-release agent with calcium carbonate as the carrier to the prepared pesticide, stir evenly and spray it through a drone.

[0141] The main results of the three different cultivation patterns are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2 As shown:

[0142] like Figure 2 As shown, the research results in 2022 showed that compared with the conventional planting mode (PM1) of farmers and the planting mode (PM2) of farmers with optimized nitrogen fertilizer application in batches, the planting mode (PM3) provided by the present invention significantly reduced the N2O emission flux and the cumulative N2O emission in the corn growing period (PM2). Figure 2 ), the cumulative N2O emissions of PM3 treatment decreased by an average of 17.1% and 9.6% ( Figure 2 B), the results confirmed that the cultivation mode of the present invention can effectively reduce the emission of N2O gas from farmland.

[0143] Table 1 Effects of different cultivation patterns on nitrogen absorption, water and nitrogen use efficiency and population yield of summer corn in 2022

[0144]

[0145] As shown in Table 1, compared with PM1 and PM2, PM3 significantly increased the nitrogen absorption of corn plants before and after flowering and the total plant absorption, with increases of 13.9%, 36.3%, 21.1% and 9.7%, 24.7%, 14.7% respectively; the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and water use efficiency of PM3 were 28.8%, 21.1% and 22.7%, 13.4% higher than those of PM1 and PM2 respectively; compared with PM1 and PM2, PM3 significantly increased the grain yield of corn population, with increases of 22.2% and 13.3% respectively, and the net income per mu of PM1 treatment was 17.8% and 15.9% higher than those of PM1 and PM2 respectively. This shows that the cultivation and planting mode PM3 of the present invention can significantly improve the water and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, per mu yield and net income of corn.

[0146] Verification Example 2

[0147] In 2023, three different cultivation patterns were set up in Di Shang Village, Gaocheng, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province:

[0148] Treatment 1 (PM1): The conventional planting mode of farmers was adopted. The key points of the PM1 planting mode were: no deep tillage before sowing the previous crop of winter wheat + no-tillage hard stubble direct sowing before sowing summer corn. The corn variety used was the medium-maturing large-ear variety Nongda 372. 55 kg of conventional compound fertilizer was applied per mu (the nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O in the compound fertilizer was 27%-6%-7%, and the total nutrient content was greater than 40%). The compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer through a sowing and fertilization machine, and no topdressing was performed afterwards. The sowing density was about 4,500 plants / mu; after sowing, water was irrigated with flooding to irrigate the seedlings. Chemical weeding was carried out before the corn emerged, and conventional chemical control was carried out when the corn had 8 leaves. During the growth period of corn, supplementary irrigation and conventional pest and disease control were carried out according to the actual situation of the farmland.

[0149] Treatment 2 (PM2): Chemical nitrogen fertilizer was applied in batches based on the farmer's planting model (basal application + topdressing). The key points of the PM2 planting model are: no deep tillage before sowing the previous crop winter wheat + no-tillage hard stubble direct sowing before sowing summer corn. The corn variety used was the medium-maturing large-ear variety Weike 702 with a suitable sowing density of 4000-4500 plants / mu. 40kg of conventional compound fertilizer was applied per mu (the nutrient content of N-P2O5-K2O in the compound fertilizer was 18%-17%-16% respectively). The compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer through a sowing and fertilization integrated machine, and the sowing density was about 4500 plants / mu; after sowing, the seedling water was poured through flooding. Chemical weeding was carried out before corn emerged, and conventional chemical control was carried out when the corn had 8 leaves. During the 9-leaf development period of corn, 10.5kg / mu of ordinary urea was applied with the help of water-fertilizer integration. During the growth period of corn, timely and appropriate supplementary irrigation and conventional pest and disease control were carried out according to the actual soil moisture conditions of the farmland.

[0150] Treatment three (PM3): that is, the cultivation and planting mode of the present invention (the above-mentioned embodiment 2), the cultivation characteristics of the PM3 planting mode are: before sowing the previous crop winter wheat, the staggered strips are deeply loosened twice (the strips are staggered and the deep loosening depths of the tillage layer are 40 cm and 25 cm respectively), after the previous wheat is harvested, the straw is crushed by a stubble destroyer and the crushed straw is less than 8 cm, and the 180 kg / mu cow dung-source charcoal-based organic fertilizer (including 1.0 kg / mu of solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis) prepared in advance is mixed with 11.0 kg / mu of slow-release urea (containing 46% N), 14.5 kg / mu of superphosphate (containing 46% P2O5) and 11.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and evenly spread on the ground with the help of a fertilizer spreader, and then rotated into the 0-20 cm tillage layer of soil together with the crushed straw through a rotary tiller. Select the early-mature corn variety Yudan 9953 with compact plant type and high density tolerance for sowing, with row spacing of 60cm, plant spacing of 20-22cm, and sowing density of 5500 plants / mu. After sowing, lay a micro-spray belt every three rows, and irrigate with 35 cubic meters / mu of water for seedling emergence through micro-spraying. Chemical weeding is carried out before emergence. At the 7-leaf stage of corn, 6.5kg / mu of slow-release urea and 60g / mu of biological nitrification inhibitor 1,9-deoxy-1-nitropropane are applied through micro-spraying of integrated water and fertilizer; at the 8-leaf stage, chlormequat and paclobutrazol are mixed according to the application instructions for chemical control; at the 14-leaf stage of corn, 11.0kg / mu of ordinary urea is applied through micro-spraying of integrated water and fertilizer. 12 days after corn pollination, according to the types of corn pests and diseases, select one insecticide, one fungicide and one foliar fertilizer to carry out one-spray-multiple-promotion pest and disease control management. Mix them according to the recommended dosage combinations on their respective agent labels. Add 60g / mu of nano-network controlled-release agent with calcium carbonate as the carrier to the prepared agent and stir evenly, and spray it with the help of a plant protection drone.

[0151] The main results of the three different cultivation patterns are shown in Tables 2-4 and Figure 3 As shown:

[0152] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the research results in 2023 showed that compared with the conventional planting pattern (PM1) of farmers and the planting pattern (PM2) of farmers with optimized nitrogen fertilizer application in batches, the planting pattern (PM3) of the present invention significantly reduced the emission flux and cumulative N2O emissions of summer corn fields during the growth period ( Figure 3 ), the cumulative N2O emissions from farmland treated with PM3 were reduced by 38.2% and 25.6% compared with those treated with PM1 and PM2, respectively ( Figure 3 B). It can be seen that the corn cultivation model of the present invention has a significant regulatory effect on reducing N2O emissions from farmland.

[0153] Table 2 Effects of different cultivation patterns on nitrogen absorption, water and nitrogen use efficiency and population yield of summer corn in 2023

[0154]

[0155] Table 3 Effects of different cultivation patterns on the physical and chemical properties of farmland soil in 2023

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Table 4 Effects of different cultivation patterns on root growth and root crown nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of summer corn in 2023

[0159]

[0160] As shown in Table 2, compared with PM1 and PM2, PM3 treatment increased the total nitrogen absorption of corn plants by 34.4% and 19.9% ​​respectively. The increase in total nitrogen absorption of plants was mainly attributed to the increase in nitrogen absorption of plants after flowering promoted by PM3 treatment. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of PM3 treatment was 30.4% and 14.4% higher than that of PM1 and PM2, respectively, while the water use efficiency of PM3 treatment was 21.5% and 11.6% higher than that of PM1 and PM2, respectively. Compared with PM1 and PM2, the yield of PM3 treatment increased by 24.6% and 14.9%, respectively, while the net income increased by 17.6% and 11.1%, respectively. In summary, the test results in 2023 are similar to those in 2022, both of which confirm that the PM3 planting pattern can significantly reduce N2O emissions from farmland and increase water and nitrogen absorption and utilization, yield and net income of corn plants.

[0161] Further analysis of Tables 3 and 4 shows that, compared with PM1 and PM2, PM3 significantly improves soil physicochemical properties, including increasing soil organic carbon content, reducing soil bulk density in the cultivated layer, increasing the distribution ratio of soil macroaggregates, increasing soil enzyme activity, and increasing soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content (Table 3); the improvement of soil physicochemical properties further improves root activity, promotes root growth, and enhances the nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity of corn plant roots and leaves (Table 4), while the improvement of root activity and the enhancement of root crown nitrogen metabolism capacity are conducive to water nitrogen absorption and utilization and the formation of yield. Therefore, the cultivation and planting mode of the present invention can achieve the synergistic improvement of farmland N2O emission reduction, corn water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield and net income, which is related to its improvement of soil physicochemical properties, promotion of root growth and enhancement of plant nitrogen metabolism capacity.

[0162] Parts of the present invention that are not described in detail are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0163] The basic principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be pointed out that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present invention are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. must be possessed by each embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the specific details disclosed above are only for the purpose of illustration and facilitation of understanding, rather than limitation, and the above details do not limit the present invention to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.

[0164] It should be noted that the term "and / or" or " / " used in this document is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The singular forms of "a", "the" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0165] In the detailed description and claims, a list of items connected by the terms "at least one of," "at least one of," "at least one of," or other similar terms may mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A, B are listed, the phrase "at least one of A, B" means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if items A, B, C are listed, the phrase "at least one of A, B, C" means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B, and C. Item A may include a single element or multiple elements. Item B may include a single element or multiple elements. Item C may include a single element or multiple elements.

[0166] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields, characterized in that: The method comprises: Pre-treatment: deep loosening of the soil in staggered strips according to the corn sowing row spacing, the deep loosening depth of one row of the staggered strips is 35cm-40cm, and the deep loosening depth of the other row of the strips is 25cm-30cm; Application of base fertilizer: Mix the mixture of organic fertilizer and bacterial agent, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer evenly and spread on the surface, then till the soil to a tillage layer of 0-20 cm; Sowing: Sow corn seeds in the soil and water them until they emerge; Topdressing: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and biological nitrification inhibitor are applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method; during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, nitrogen fertilizer is applied through the integrated water-fertilizer method; Field management: During the 6-8 leaf expansion stage to the flowering and silking stage of corn growth, when the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm is less than 60%-65% of the field water holding capacity, supplementary irrigation is carried out through micro-sprinkler irrigation to make the soil moisture content at 0-30 cm reach 65%-80% of the field water holding capacity.

2. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pre-treatment step, the soil staggered strip deep loosening treatment is carried out by using a strip deep loosening machine, and the deep loosening blade spacing of the strip deep loosening machine is 60cm to 80cm, preferably 60cm; or, the spacing between two adjacent strips is 30cm to 40cm, preferably 30cm, and the loosening depths of two adjacent strips are 35cm to 40cm and 25cm to 30cm respectively; Preferably, the soil staggered strip deep loosening treatment is carried out before sowing the previous crop winter wheat; Preferably, the soil deep loosening treatment in staggered strips is carried out once every other year.

3. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the pre-treatment and before the base fertilizer is applied, land preparation is also included; The land preparation comprises: after the winter wheat of the previous crop is harvested, the straw of the previous crop is crushed by a stubble destroyer, and the length of the crushed straw is less than 8.0 cm.

4. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the base fertilizer application step, the organic fertilizer includes cow dung organic fertilizer, and the bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis solid bacterial agent; Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of slow-release urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferably slow-release urea; Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer comprises at least one of superphosphate, calcium phosphate, double superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate; Preferably, the potash fertilizer includes at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or dipotassium hydrogen sulfate.

5. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application amount of the cow dung source organic fertilizer is 150-180 kg / mu; Preferably, the application amount of the Bacillus subtilis solid inoculant is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu; Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9.5-11.0 kg / mu; Preferably, the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 14-16 kg / mu; Preferably, the application amount of the potash fertilizer is 11-13 kg / mu; Preferably, in the base fertilizer application step, the nitrogen application amount of the organic fertilizer accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen application amount; Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total amount of phosphorus applied; Preferably, the potash fertilizer accounts for 100% of the total potassium application amount.

6. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn seeds are selected from compact and densely planted tolerant early-maturing corn varieties; Preferably, the compact, densely planted and early-maturing corn variety meets the following characteristics: The average stem-leaf angle of the three-leaf ear is 20-25 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the upper leaves of the three-leaf ear is 15-18 degrees, the average stem-leaf angle of the lower leaves of the three-leaf ear is 30-35 degrees, and the corn plant height is ≤260cm. Preferably, the corn seeds include at least one of the varieties Yudan 9953 or Huangjinliang MY73.

7. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions in summer corn fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sowing step, a seeder is used to sow and press the sowing belt, and the bulk density of the 0-5 cm soil layer of the sowing belt after pressing is maintained at 1.18-1.25 g / cm 3 ; Preferably, the corn sowing row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm to 22 cm; Preferably, the sowing density of corn is 5300 to 5500 plants per mu.

8. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In the topdressing step, the nitrogen fertilizer includes at least one of urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferably urea; Preferably, the zinc fertilizer comprises at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride or zinc oxide; Preferably, the biological nitrification inhibitor comprises 1,9-decanediol.

9. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields according to claim 8, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is applied at an amount of 5.0-6.5 kg / mu during the 6-8 leaf expansion stage of corn growth; Preferably, the application amount of the zinc fertilizer is 0.8-1.0 kg / mu; Preferably, the application amount of the biological nitrification inhibitor is 0.8% to 1.0% of the nitrogen fertilizer in the topdressing; Preferably, during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 10.0-11.5 kg / mu; Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer applied during the 6-8 leaf expansion stage of corn growth accounts for 15% to 20% of the total nitrogen application; Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer applied during the 12-15 leaf expansion stage of corn growth accounts for 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen application.

10. The cultivation method for reducing nitrous oxide emissions from summer corn fields according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The field management also includes at least one of applying chemical control agents and controlling pests and diseases.

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