Floating wave power generation equipment with variable energy-catcher structure and controllable energy conversion system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of wave energy generation technology, and in particular to a floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture structure and a controllable energy conversion system. It comprises an upper float, a power generation chamber, and a lower float connected sequentially from top to bottom. A bottom frame is located below the lower float and is fixed to the lower part of the lower float via a base frame located in its central part. Several resistance adjustment components are arranged around the side walls of the bottom frame. A float is movably fitted onto the outer wall of the upper float. Its structure is rationally designed, employing both mechanical and hydraulic transmission energy conversion methods. The energy conversion method of the power generation device can be changed in real time according to the wave conditions. Under normal wave conditions, a hybrid mechanical and hydraulic transmission method is used to effectively improve transmission efficiency. Under extreme wave conditions, the float submerges below the sea surface, thereby effectively reducing the impact load on the oscillating float, avoiding excessive impact on the equipment, improving equipment reliability, extending equipment lifespan, and solving the problems existing in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wave energy power generation technology, and in particular to a floating wave energy power generation device with a variable energy capture structure and a controllable energy conversion system. Background Technology

[0002] With the depletion of global non-renewable energy sources and the increasing severity of environmental pollution, the development and utilization of renewable and clean energy have received widespread attention. my country is rich in marine energy resources, among which wave energy, as a new type of renewable and green energy, has been extensively studied due to its advantages of being pollution-free, renewable, abundant, and widely distributed.

[0003] To develop and utilize ocean wave energy resources, wave power generation devices have emerged. Oscillating buoy wave power generation devices are one form of wave power generation. These devices capture wave energy by having a buoy move up and down with the waves in the seawater, converting the buoy's mechanical energy into electrical energy. Among various wave power generation devices, the oscillating buoy wave power generation device has received extensive research due to its high reliability.

[0004] Wave energy capture and transfer systems are crucial for determining power generation efficiency. Current wave energy generation devices often suffer from low efficiency, complex structures, high costs, and difficult maintenance, resulting in low economic returns and hindering industrialization. For example, patent publication CN105888952A discloses an oscillating float-type ocean wave energy generation device that uses a sprocket and chain drive to convert the reciprocating motion of waves into the rotation of a main shaft, which then connects to an energy storage flywheel for power generation. Another example is patent publication CN112594119A, which discloses an oscillating float-type wave energy generation device using a slide rail mechanism and a rack and pinion drive mechanism. The float slide rail connects to the rack, causing the rack to perform horizontal reciprocating linear motion, which is then converted into the unidirectional rotational motion of the generator, thus completing the power generation and energy storage process.

[0005] Therefore, existing floating power generation inevitably depends on wave changes. When the waves are small, the relative motion between the floating body and the entire float is small, and it is difficult to ensure the continuity of power generation by using only hydraulic transmission energy conversion method, resulting in low power generation efficiency. When the waves are large, the relative motion between the floating body and the entire float is large, and the float cannot reduce the impact load. If only mechanical transmission energy conversion method is used, the gearbox failure rate is high, and it is also easy to cause damage to the floating body due to the large impact between the floating body and the entire float. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture body structure and a controllable energy conversion system. Its structure is rationally designed, employing both mechanical and hydraulic transmission energy conversion methods. The energy conversion method can be adjusted according to wave conditions. Under normal wave conditions, a hybrid mechanical and hydraulic transmission method is used, effectively improving transmission efficiency and thus increasing wave energy utilization and power generation. Under extreme wave conditions, the float submerges below the sea surface, effectively reducing the impact load on the oscillating float and preventing excessive impact on the equipment. In this case, the equipment uses only hydraulic transmission for energy conversion, making the system transmission smoother, improving equipment reliability, and extending the equipment's lifespan, thus solving the problems existing in existing technologies.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] A floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture structure and a controllable energy conversion system includes an upper float, a power generation chamber, and a lower float connected sequentially from top to bottom. A bottom frame is located below the lower float and is fixed to the lower part of the lower float via a base frame located in its middle. Several drag adjustment components are arranged around the side walls of the bottom frame. A float is movably fitted onto the outer wall of the upper float. Guide columns are symmetrically and vertically arranged on both sides of the top of the power generation chamber. The upper ends of the two guide columns movably pass through the float and are connected to a fixed seat located on the upper part of the outer wall of the upper float. The float is equipped with an end cap and a gantry frame that is snapped onto the upper end of the upper float. A bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed inside the upper float. The piston rod of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder extends upward through the end cap and connects to the gantry frame. Support plates are installed on the cylinder barrels of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinders at both the upper and lower ends. Each support plate is fixed to the inner wall of the upper float by several connecting plates arranged around it. A mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism that cooperates with the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is installed in the upper float and the power generation compartment. A hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism that cooperates with the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is installed in the upper float and the power generation compartment.

[0009] Optionally, the mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism includes toothed plates symmetrically and vertically arranged on both sides of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. The two toothed plates arranged in the upper float are both arranged along the length direction of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. The upper and lower ends of the two toothed plates are connected to the piston rod of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder at the corresponding end through connecting rods. A transmission assembly is provided on the support plate on the lower side. The output rod of the transmission assembly extends downward to the power generation chamber and cooperates with the first power generation assembly arranged in the power generation chamber.

[0010] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a gearbox movably sleeved on the cylinder of a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. The gearbox is positioned between two gear plates, with channels on both the left and right sides of the gearbox. Transmission components are symmetrically arranged on both the left and right sides inside the gearbox. Each transmission component includes an external gear, which is movably engaged within the gearbox via a gear shaft. An internal gear, sleeved on the gear shaft, is positioned behind the external gear and extends through the channel on the corresponding side of the gearbox, meshing with the gear plate on that side. An overrunning clutch and an electromagnetic clutch are sequentially arranged on the gear shaft between the external and internal gears. A linkage gear is positioned between the two transmission components, meshing with the external gears on both sides. The linkage gear is movably engaged on the inner wall of the gearbox via a linkage gear shaft. A driving bevel gear is sleeved on the linkage gear shaft, and a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear is located at the upper end of the output rod.

[0011] Optionally, the first power generation component includes a first generator disposed in the power generation compartment, and the output shaft of the first generator is connected in sequence to the lower end of the output rod via a gearbox and a commutator.

[0012] Optionally, the hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism includes an oil tank mounted on the upper support plate, an oil inlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder connected to the oil tank via a pipeline, a second generator in the power generation compartment connected to a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor connected to the oil outlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder via a hydraulic pipeline.

[0013] Optionally, the resistance adjustment assembly includes a damping plate disposed on the outer side of the bottom frame. The damping plate is movably hinged to the side wall of the bottom frame via hinge seats on the left and right sides of the inner wall. A long hydraulic cylinder is disposed on the side wall of the bottom frame above the damping plate. The cylinder barrel of the long hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side wall of the bottom frame via an inner hinge seat, and the piston rod end of the long hydraulic cylinder is connected to the damping plate via an outer hinge seat.

[0014] Optionally, the float includes a float movably fitted onto the upper float cylinder, with steel sleeves at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the float respectively engaging with the outer wall of the upper float cylinder, and an inflatable airbag fitted onto the outer side of the float; each of the guide columns movably passes through the float, and the gantry frame is mounted on the float.

[0015] Optionally, the base frame includes several layers of base plates fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the lower float, with support rods provided at the four corners of the bottom of the upper base plate, and each support rod passing downward through the other base plates and connecting to the bottom frame.

[0016] The advantages of this invention, employing the above-mentioned technical solution, are as follows: The structure is rationally designed, utilizing both mechanical and hydraulic energy conversion methods. This allows for timely adjustments to the energy conversion method of the power generation equipment based on wave conditions. Under normal wave conditions, a hybrid mechanical and hydraulic transmission method effectively improves transmission efficiency, thereby increasing wave energy utilization and power generation. Under extreme wave conditions, the float submerges below the sea surface, effectively reducing the impact load on the oscillating float and preventing excessive impact on the equipment. Simultaneously, the equipment uses only hydraulic energy conversion, resulting in smoother system transmission, improved equipment reliability, and extended equipment lifespan. The average density of the float is adjusted by controlling the inflation volume of its airbags, thus altering the energy capture structure. Furthermore, the extension and retraction of the long hydraulic cylinders, controlled by various resistance adjustment components, adjusts the opening angle of the damping plates and the relative movement amplitude between the float and the upper float, thereby changing the equipment's damping, resulting in high power generation efficiency and improved equipment reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower pontoon, power generation compartment, bottom frame, and frame;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism;

[0020] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram showing the transmission components of the gearbox without the gearbox.

[0021] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the gear shaft, overrunning clutch, and electromagnetic clutch;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the floating body;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first power generation component;

[0024] In the diagram, 1. Upper float; 2. Power generation compartment; 3. Lower float; 4. Bottom frame; 5. Base frame; 501. Base plate; 502. Support rod; 6. Float; 601. Float; 602. Steel sleeve; 603. Inflatable airbag; 7. Guide column; 8. Fixing seat; 9. End cap; 10. Gantry frame; 11. Bidirectional hydraulic cylinder; 12. Support plate; 13. Connecting plate; 14. Gear plate; 15. Connecting rod; 16. Output rod; 17. Gearbox; 18. Channel; 19. External gear. 20. Gear shaft; 21. Internal gear; 22. Overrunning clutch; 23. Electromagnetic clutch; 24. Linkage gear; 25. Linkage gear shaft; 26. Driving bevel gear; 27. Driven bevel gear; 28. First generator; 29. ​​Gearbox; 30. Commutator; 31. Oil tank; 32. Second generator; 33. Hydraulic motor; 34. Hydraulic pipeline; 35. Damping plate; 36. Hinge seat; 37. Long hydraulic cylinder; 38. Internal hinge seat; 39. External hinge seat. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application; however, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0028] like Figure 1-7 As shown in this embodiment, a floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture structure and a controllable energy conversion system includes an upper float 1, a power generation chamber 2, and a lower float 3 connected sequentially from top to bottom. A bottom frame 4 is provided below the lower float 3, and the bottom frame 4 is fixed to the lower part of the lower float 3 by a base frame 5 set in its middle. Several drag adjustment components are provided around the side walls of the bottom frame 4. A float 6 is movably fitted on the outer wall of the upper float 1. Guide columns 7 are symmetrically and vertically provided on both sides of the top of the power generation chamber 2. The upper ends of the two guide columns 7 movably pass through the float 6 and are connected to the fixed seat 8 set on the upper part of the outer wall of the upper float 1. A bottom frame 4 is provided on the upper end of the upper float 1. The float has an end cap 9. A gantry 10 is attached to the upper end of the upper float 1 on the float body 6. A bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 is vertically installed inside the upper float 1. The piston rod of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 extends upward through the end cap 9 and connects to the gantry 10. Support plates 12 are respectively installed on the cylinder barrels of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 at the upper and lower ends. Each support plate 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the upper float 1 by several connecting plates 13 arranged around it. A mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism that cooperates with the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 is installed in the upper float 1 and the power generation compartment 2. A hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism that cooperates with the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 is installed in the upper float 1 and the power generation compartment 2.

[0029] Optionally, the mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism includes toothed plates 14 symmetrically and vertically arranged on both sides of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11. The two toothed plates 14 arranged in the upper float 1 are both arranged along the length direction of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11. The upper and lower ends of the two toothed plates 14 are connected to the piston rod of the corresponding bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 through connecting rods 15. A transmission assembly is provided on the support plate 12 on the lower side. The output rod 16 of the transmission assembly extends downward to the power generation chamber 2 and cooperates with the first power generation assembly arranged in the power generation chamber 2.

[0030] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a gearbox 17 movably sleeved on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11. The gearbox 17 is disposed between two toothed plates 14. Channels 18 are provided on the left and right sides of the gearbox 17, and transmission components are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides inside the gearbox 17. Each transmission component includes an external gear 19, which is movably engaged with the gearbox 17 via a gear shaft 20. An internal gear 21 is provided behind the external gear 19 and sleeved on the gear shaft 20. The internal gear 21 passes through the channel on the corresponding side of the gearbox 17. 18. The gears mesh on the corresponding toothed plates 14. An overrunning clutch 22 and an electromagnetic clutch 23 are sequentially provided on the gear shaft 20 between the external gear 19 and the internal gear 21. A linkage gear 24 is provided between the two transmission components. The linkage gear 24 meshes with the external gears 19 on both sides. The linkage gear 24 is movably engaged with the inner wall of the gearbox 17 through the linkage gear shaft 25. A driving bevel gear 26 is sleeved on the linkage gear shaft 25. A driven bevel gear 27 that meshes with the driving bevel gear 26 is provided at the upper end of the output rod 16.

[0031] Optionally, the first power generation assembly includes a first generator 28 disposed within the power generation compartment 2. The output shaft of the first generator 28 is connected in sequence to the lower end of the output rod 16 via a gearbox 29 and a commutator 30. The electrical energy generated by the first generator 28 is stored through an energy storage device and used to power other components of the equipment.

[0032] Optionally, the hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism includes an oil tank 31 mounted on the upper support plate 12. An oil inlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 is connected to the oil tank 31 via a pipeline. A second generator 32 is installed in the power generation compartment 2, and the second generator 32 is connected to a hydraulic motor 33. The hydraulic motor 33 is connected to the oil outlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 via a hydraulic pipeline 34. The electrical energy generated by the second generator 32 is stored through an energy storage device and used to power other components of the equipment.

[0033] Optionally, the resistance adjustment assembly includes a damping plate 35 disposed on the outer side of the base frame 4. The damping plate 35 is movably hinged to the side wall of the base frame 4 via hinge seats 36 on the left and right sides of the inner wall. A long hydraulic cylinder 37 is disposed on the side wall of the base frame 4 above the damping plate 35. The cylinder barrel of the long hydraulic cylinder 37 is connected to the side wall of the base frame 4 via an inner hinge seat 38, and the piston rod end of the long hydraulic cylinder 37 is connected to the damping plate 35 via an outer hinge seat 39. The resistance adjustment assembly can adjust the tilt angle of each damping plate 35 at any time according to the size of the waves to ensure the stability of the entire equipment. Under normal wave action, the long hydraulic cylinder 37 drives the damping plate 35 to open it to a horizontal position (perpendicular to the side wall of the bottom frame 4), maximizing its own damping while reducing the amplitude of movement of the upper float 1, power generation compartment 2, and lower float 3 in the water. This increases the relative amplitude of movement between the guide column 7 and the float 6, which is beneficial for improving energy capture efficiency. Under extreme weather conditions, the long hydraulic cylinder 37 drives the damping plate 35 to rotate it to a vertical direction (i.e., parallel to the side wall of the bottom frame 4). Its own damping reaches its minimum, further increasing the amplitude of movement of the upper float 1, power generation compartment 2, and lower float 3 in the water. This reduces the relative amplitude of movement between the guide column 7 and the float 6, reducing the impact on the equipment. The long hydraulic cylinder 37 can directly utilize the equipment's energy storage device as its power support, eliminating the need for an external power source.

[0034] Optionally, the float 6 includes a float 601 movably fitted onto the upper float 1. Steel sleeves 602, which engage with the outer wall of the upper float 1, are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the float 601. An inflatable airbag 603 is fitted onto the outer side of the float 601. Each guide post 7 movably passes through the float 601, and the gantry frame 10 is mounted on the float 601. An energy storage device supplies power to the air pump, thereby enabling the air pump to inflate and deflate the airbag 603. Under the action of waves, the float 6 moves up and down along the two guide posts 7, converting the captured wave energy into mechanical energy. Under normal circumstances, the inflatable airbag 603 is fully inflated, thereby increasing the contact area and buoyancy between the float 6 and the water surface. While keeping the equipment stable, the average density of the float 6 is reduced, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of wave energy. In extreme weather conditions, the inflatable airbag 603 is deflated, which increases the average density of the float 6 and causes it to submerge below the sea surface, while the upper float 1 always floats on the sea surface, thereby reducing the impact load on the float 6. In this way, the equipment can be less damaged by the violent ups and downs of the float 6, and the equipment can be effectively prevented from suffering excessive impact.

[0035] Optionally, the base frame 5 includes several layers of base plates 501 fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the lower float 3. Support rods 502 are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the upper base plate 501. Each support rod 502 passes downward through the other base plates 501 and is connected to the bottom frame 4.

[0036] Under normal wave action, the electromagnetic clutch 23 is engaged. The mechanical transmission method used in the equipment is as follows: the float 6 floats upward under the action of the waves, and then pulls the piston cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 upward through the gantry 10, while the piston rod drives the toothed plates 14 on both sides to move upward through the connecting rod 15. As the right-side gear plate 14 moves upward, it drives the internal gear 21 meshing with it to rotate counterclockwise. The internal gear 21 drives the overrunning clutch 22 on the same side to rotate in the same direction via the gear shaft 20. The overrunning clutch 22 then drives the external gear 19 connected to it to rotate counterclockwise, which in turn drives the linkage gear 24 meshing with it to rotate clockwise (while the external gear 19 on the left side idles under the action of the left overrunning clutch 22, that is, the external gear 19 driven by the left-side gear plate 14 does not rotate, but only rotates counterclockwise with the rotation of the linkage gear 24). The linkage gear 24 transmits power to the driven bevel gear 27 through the driving bevel gear 26, which in turn causes the output rod 16 to rotate, thereby supplying power to the first generator 28 through the commutator 30 and the gearbox 29, generating electricity and storing it in the energy storage device. When the float 6 floats downward under the action of waves, the transmission component on the left side actuates, causing the output rod 16 to rotate continuously, thereby causing the first generator 28 to continuously generate electricity. The hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism, during the repeated operation of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11, causes the hydraulic oil to continuously reciprocate between the oil tank 31 and the hydraulic motor 33, making the hydraulic motor 33 rotate continuously, thereby providing power to the second generator 32, which generates electricity and stores it in the energy storage device.

[0037] Under extreme weather conditions, as the inflatable airbags 603 in the float 6 continuously deflate, the density of the float 6 becomes greater than that of seawater, causing the float 6 to submerge below the sea surface. At this time, the electromagnetic clutch 23 disengages, and the equipment uses only hydraulic transmission for energy conversion. As the float 6 floats up and down in the seawater, the gantry 10 drives the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 to move, causing the hydraulic oil in the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder 11 to continuously flow back and forth in the hydraulic motor 33, thereby continuously providing power to the second generator 32 and storing electrical energy in the energy storage device. Its structural design is reasonable, employing both mechanical and hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanisms. Under normal wave conditions, the hybrid mechanical and hydraulic transmission effectively improves transmission efficiency, thereby increasing the utilization rate of wave energy and increasing power generation. Under extreme wave conditions, the equipment can submerge below the sea surface, thereby reducing the impact load on the oscillating float, avoiding excessive impact on the equipment, improving equipment reliability, and extending the equipment's lifespan, thus solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0038] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or modifications made to the embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture body structure and a controllable energy conversion system, characterized in that, The system comprises, from top to bottom, an upper pontoon, a power generation compartment, and a lower pontoon, connected sequentially. A base frame is located below the lower pontoon, fixed to its lower part by a base frame located in its center. Several drag adjustment components are located around the side walls of the base frame. A float is movably fitted onto the outer wall of the upper pontoon. Guide columns are symmetrically and vertically positioned on both sides of the top of the power generation compartment. The upper ends of the two guide columns movably pass through the float and connect to a fixed seat located on the upper part of the outer wall of the upper pontoon. An end cap is located at the upper end of the upper pontoon. A gantry frame is mounted on the float and engages with the upper end of the upper pontoon. A bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed inside the upper pontoon. The piston rod of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder extends upward through the end cap and connects to the gantry frame. The cylinder barrels of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinders at both the upper and lower ends... Each support plate is fixed to the inner wall of the upper float via several connecting plates around its perimeter. A mechanical transmission energy conversion mechanism, cooperating with a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, is located within the upper float and power generation chamber. This mechanism includes symmetrically arranged vertical toothed plates on both sides of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. Both toothed plates, located within the upper float, are positioned along the length of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. The upper and lower ends of each toothed plate are connected to the piston rod of the corresponding bidirectional hydraulic cylinder via connecting rods. A transmission assembly is located on the lower support plate. The output rod of this transmission assembly extends downwards to the power generation chamber, cooperating with a first power generation assembly located within the chamber. The transmission assembly includes components movably sleeved within the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder. The gearbox on the cylinder barrel is positioned between two gear plates. Channels are provided on both the left and right sides of the gearbox. Symmetrical transmission components are arranged on both sides inside the gearbox. Each transmission component includes an external gear, which is movably engaged with the gearbox via a gear shaft. An internal gear, sleeved on the gear shaft, is located behind the external gear and extends out of the corresponding channel on one side of the gearbox, meshing with the corresponding gear plate. An overrunning clutch and an electromagnetic clutch are sequentially arranged on the gear shaft between the external and internal gears. A linkage gear is positioned between the two transmission components, meshing with the external gears on both sides. The linkage gear is movably engaged with the inner wall of the gearbox via a linkage gear shaft. An active bevel gear is mounted on the upper part of the equipment, and a driven bevel gear meshing with the active bevel gear is located at the upper end of the output rod. A hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism that cooperates with a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is located inside the upper float and the power generation chamber. The float body includes a float that is movably mounted on the upper float. Steel sleeves that engage with the outer wall of the upper float are located at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the float. An inflatable airbag is mounted on the outer side of the float. Each of the guide columns moves through the float. The gantry frame is set on the float. In extreme weather conditions, as the inflatable airbag in the float body is continuously deflated, the density of the float body becomes greater than the density of seawater, causing the float body to submerge below the sea surface. The electromagnetic clutch is then disengaged, and the equipment uses only hydraulic transmission energy conversion.

2. The floating wave energy generation equipment with a variable energy harvester structure and a controllable energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power generation component includes a first generator installed in the power generation compartment, and the output shaft of the first generator is connected to the lower end of the output rod in sequence via a gearbox and a commutator.

3. The floating wave energy generation equipment with a variable energy capture structure and controllable energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic transmission energy conversion mechanism includes an oil tank mounted on the upper support plate. The oil inlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil tank via a pipeline. A second generator is installed in the power generation compartment. The second generator is connected to a hydraulic motor, which is connected to the oil outlet on the cylinder of the bidirectional hydraulic cylinder via a hydraulic pipeline.

4. A floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy harvester structure and a controllable energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance adjustment assembly includes a damping plate disposed on the outer side of the bottom frame. The damping plate is movably hinged to the side wall of the bottom frame via hinge seats on the left and right sides of the inner wall. A long hydraulic cylinder is disposed on the side wall of the bottom frame above the damping plate. The cylinder barrel of the long hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side wall of the bottom frame via an inner hinge seat, and the piston rod end of the long hydraulic cylinder is connected to the damping plate via an outer hinge seat.

5. A floating wave energy generation device with a variable energy capture body structure and a controllable energy conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base frame includes several layers of base plates fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the lower float. Support rods are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the upper base plate, and each support rod passes downward through the other base plates and is connected to the bottom frame.

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