A wearable device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a wearable device including an antenna. An ear stem of the wearable device includes the antenna and a ground plane. A radiator of the antenna is spaced apart from the ground plane. The radiator includes a first portion extending in a first direction and a second portion extending in a second direction, the first portion and the second portion intersecting at a first location, the first location facing a ground when a user wears the wearable device. When the antenna resonates, a current maximum is located near the first location, thereby adjusting a maximum radiation direction of the antenna and improving a communication quality of a Bluetooth communication link of the wearable device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to a wearable device. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless earbuds are increasingly popular due to their convenience and compact size, especially true wireless stereo (TWS) Bluetooth (BT) earbuds. Currently, the antennas in Bluetooth earbuds are generally designed with antenna efficiency in mind, without considering the signal quality of the link between the earbuds and the wirelessly connected electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones).

[0003] A common use case for Bluetooth headsets is when a user wears the headset in both ears while the electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone) is in their pocket or hand. In this situation, a large area between the headset and the electronic device (e.g., the mobile phone) absorbs electromagnetic waves, resulting in significant link loss. If there are interference signals on the same frequency as the Bluetooth band, the Bluetooth headset is very likely to experience stuttering or even disconnection due to the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio, affecting the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a wearable device that includes an antenna. When the antenna resonates, the point of maximum current is located in the region of the radiator facing the ground, thereby adjusting the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and improving the communication quality of the Bluetooth communication link of the wearable device.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wearable device is provided, comprising: an ear cup portion and an ear stem portion, wherein a first end of the ear stem portion is connected to the ear cup portion; wherein the ear stem portion includes an antenna and a ground; the antenna includes a radiator, the radiator being spaced apart from the ground; at the second end of the ear stem portion, the radiator includes a first portion extending along a first direction and a second portion extending along a second direction, the first portion and the second portion intersecting at a first position, the first position facing the ground when the user wears the wearable device, the length of the first portion being less than the length of the second portion, and the first direction being different from the second direction; when the antenna is operating, the distance between the point of maximum current of the radiator and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first portion.

[0006] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, when a user wears a wearable device, the current region faces the ground. Since the current region includes points of high current, for example, when the receiving antenna that establishes communication with the antenna (e.g., an electronic device connected to the wearable device via Bluetooth) is located in the user's pocket, since the maximum radiation direction is the x-direction, its electric field has a strong y-direction component. Based on the characteristics of electromagnetic propagation, the energy radiated by the antenna will be transferred to the receiving antenna in the pocket with less loss, thereby improving the communication quality of the communication link between the antenna and the receiving antenna in the pocket. In complex environments where the wearable device is affected by interference, this can reduce lag and improve the user experience.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a feeding circuit; the first end of the radiator includes a feeding point, and the feeding circuit is coupled to the feeding point.

[0008] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the radiator may include only one branch.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a switch; the second end of the radiator includes a connection point, and the switch is coupled between the connection point and the floor.

[0010] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switch can be used to switch the electrical connection state between the connection point and the ground, change the boundary conditions at the second end of the radiator, and enable the antenna to operate in different modes, thereby changing the current distribution on the radiator. Due to the change in the current distribution on the radiator 311, the antenna will generate different radiation patterns (the maximum radiation direction changes), thus enabling the wearable device to have good communication performance in different scenarios.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a feeding circuit; the radiator includes a feeding stub and a parasitic stub, with a first end of the parasitic stub spaced apart from the feeding stub; wherein the feeding stub includes a feeding point, and the feeding circuit is coupled to the feeding point.

[0012] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the radiator includes two branches. Since the parasitic branches generate resonance through coupling, the boundary conditions of the parasitic branches (e.g., whether the first end and the second end are grounded) have little impact on the feed branch, making it easier to achieve matching between the feed circuit and the feed point.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a switch and electronic components; the second end of the radiator includes a connection point, and the switch and the electronic components are coupled between the connection point and the floor.

[0014] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, a switch can be used to switch the electrical connection state between the connection point and the electronic component, changing the electrical length of the parasitic stub, thereby causing the parasitic stub to resonate or not resonate in the first frequency band. The first and second ends of the parasitic stub are open ends, and the parasitic stub can operate in half-wavelength mode. Therefore, when the electrical length of the parasitic stub is not equal to half of the first wavelength, the parasitic stub does not resonate in the first frequency band, and the antenna resonates only in the first frequency band via the feed stub 314. When the switch is open (the connection point is not coupled to the ground) or closed (the connection point is coupled to the ground), the antenna can have different current distributions, and the antenna will produce different radiation patterns (the maximum radiation direction changes), thereby enabling wearable devices to have good communication performance in different scenarios.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the equivalent capacitance of the electronic component is less than or equal to 3pF, or the equivalent inductance of the electronic component is greater than or equal to 10nH.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the width of the first portion is less than or equal to 2 mm; and / or, the width of the second portion is less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the operating frequency band of the antenna includes a first frequency band; the electrical length of the radiator is greater than or equal to four-tenths of a first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the physical length of the radiator is greater than or equal to 15 mm.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the operating frequency band of the antenna includes a first frequency band; the electrical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the point of maximum current is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the first wavelength and less than or equal to three-tenths of the first wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the current-maximum point is greater than or equal to 7.5 mm and less than or equal to 11.5 mm.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the current-maximum point is greater than or equal to 14 mm and less than or equal to 21 mm.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the radiator is zigzag-shaped.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device further includes a support, and the radiator is disposed on the surface of the support.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wearable device further includes a housing, the conductive portion of which serves as the radiator. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a usage scenario of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The current distribution diagram of antenna 200 is shown.

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 The radiation pattern of antenna 200 is shown.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the maximum radiation direction of the antenna when the user is wearing the wearable device 300.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of radiator 311.

[0034] Figure 10 yes Figure 6 The simulation results of the antenna in the wearable device are shown.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating a user wearing a wearable device.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the off state.

[0037] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the on state.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The diagram shows the current distribution of the antenna in the wearable device.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the off state.

[0043] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the on state. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0045] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive components.

[0046] Components / devices: including at least one of lumped components / devices and distributed components / devices.

[0047] Lumped element / device: This refers to all components whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For signals, the characteristics of the components remain constant at all times, regardless of frequency.

[0048] Distributed elements / devices: Unlike lumped elements, if the size of an element is similar to or larger than the wavelength of the circuit's operating frequency, then when a signal passes through the element, the characteristics of each point on the element will vary due to the signal change. In this case, the element as a whole cannot be regarded as a single entity with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed element.

[0049] Capacitor: can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitor elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive components separated by a certain gap.

[0050] Inductance: can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductor elements; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed through a conductive element of a certain length.

[0051] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0052] The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, and this application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the wire radiator may be implemented by a support conductor, and may also be called a support antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the wire radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna, is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., the length is around 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (IFA). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each stub being fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed section. For example, an inverted-F antenna can be considered as a monopole antenna with an added ground path. An IFA antenna has a feed point and a ground point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is inverted-F shaped. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented using a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive coating). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular shapes, and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.

[0053] Radiators may also include slots or gaps formed on a conductor, for example, closed or semi-closed slots or gaps formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be simply referred to as a slot antenna or a gap antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including width) of the slot or gap of the slot antenna / gap antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), while the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., a length of approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or gap may be simply referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or gap (e.g., an opening added to a closed slot or gap) may be simply referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the gap shape is elongated. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately an integer multiple of a wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed by transmission lines connected across one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame grounded at both ends, also known as a frame antenna; in this embodiment, the slot antenna or gap antenna can be viewed as including a linear radiator, the linear radiator being spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or gap. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a support conductor grounded at both ends, also known as a support antenna.

[0054] A feed circuit is a combination of all circuits used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals. A feed circuit can include a transceiver and an RF front-end. In some cases, the term "feed circuit" is narrowly interpreted as a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), which can be considered to include both the RF front-end chip and the transceiver. The feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., RF signals) into electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). It is generally considered part of the RF component.

[0055] In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or, RF socket, or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable to test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuitry or the radiator of the antenna. The RF front-end circuitry can be considered as the circuitry coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0056] In some embodiments, the radio frequency front-end circuit can be integrated into a radio frequency front-end chip in an electronic device, or the radio frequency front-end circuit and the transceiver can be integrated into a radio frequency chip in an electronic device.

[0057] It should be understood that any two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application can share the same transceiver, for example, by transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel in a transceiver (e.g., a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip); they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, by processing signals through a switch or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0058] It should also be understood that the two feed circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feed circuit of this application typically correspond to two RF test sockets in an electronic device.

[0059] A matching circuit is a circuit used to adjust the radiation characteristics of an antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator. In another embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the test mount and the radiator. Typically, the matching circuit is a combination of circuits coupled between the radiator and the ground plane. In one embodiment, the matching circuit may include switches and / or electronic components, where the switches may be electronic components for switching the coupling connections of the radiator. The matching circuit has impedance matching and / or frequency tuning functions. It is typically considered part of the antenna.

[0060] The grounding / feeding structure may include connectors, such as metal springs, and the radiator is coupled to the ground / feeding circuit via the grounding structure. In some embodiments, the feeding structure may include a transmission line / feeding wire, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.

[0061] End / Point: The term "end / point" in the context of the antenna radiator's first end / second end / feed end / ground end / feed point / ground point / connection point should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, "end / point" can include a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, a feed end / feed point can be a coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a feed structure or feed circuit (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed circuit). Similarly, a ground end / ground point can be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a ground structure or ground circuit.

[0062] Open terminal, closed terminal: In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to whether or not they are grounded; the closed terminal is grounded, and the open terminal is not grounded. In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to other conductors; the closed terminal is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open terminal is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open terminal may also be referred to as a floating terminal, free terminal, open terminal, or open-circuit terminal. In one embodiment, the closed terminal may also be referred to as a ground terminal or short-circuit terminal. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open terminal to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0063] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open terminal" can also be from the perspective of current distribution. An open terminal or a floating terminal can be understood as a point with a small current or a point with a large electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g., capacitors, inductors, etc.) through an open terminal can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point with a small current or a large electric field.

[0064] The "floating radiator" mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a radiator that is not directly connected to the feed line / feed branch and / or ground line / ground branch, but is fed and / or grounded through indirect coupling.

[0065] It should be understood that "suspended" in "suspended end" or "suspended radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the suspended radiator may be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of an insulating back cover.

[0066] The current in the same direction / opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the main current on the same side of the conductor being in the same direction / opposite direction. For example, when a current distributed in the same direction is excited on a conductor that is bent or looped (e.g., the current path is also bent or looped), it should be understood that, for example, the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of a looped conductor (e.g., on the conductors on both sides of a gap), although appearing to be in opposite directions, still falls under the definition of current distributed in the same direction in the embodiments of this application. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on a conductor can mean that the current on that conductor has no reversal point. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on a conductor can mean that the current on that conductor has at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on two conductors can mean that the currents on both conductors have no reversal points and flow in the same direction. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on two conductors can mean that the currents on both conductors have no reversal points and flow in opposite directions. Current in the same direction / opposite direction on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0067] Signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) is the ratio of the strength of the received useful signal to the strength of the received interference signal (noise and interference). SINR is a key technical indicator for measuring the reliability of communication system quality; a higher SINR generally indicates better communication quality.

[0068] Resonance / Resonant Frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna's input impedance is zero. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range where resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, in the phrase "generating the first resonance" mentioned in this application, the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator.

[0069] Resonant band / communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating band.

[0070] Electrical length: can be the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0071] ;

[0072] Where L is the physical length. The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0073] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz) is 1955 MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or a non-center frequency of the operating frequency band.

[0074] It should be understood that the wavelength of a radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁸ m / s. The wavelength of a radiation signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: Medium wavelength = (speed of light / ... ) / frequency, where, The wavelength is the relative permittivity of the medium. In the embodiments of this application, the wavelength typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz) is 1955 MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or a non-center frequency of the operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0075] The term "end" refers to the first (or second) end of the antenna radiator, as well as the grounded or open end. It cannot be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a single point; it can also be considered a segment of the antenna radiator including the first endpoint, which is the endpoint of the antenna radiator at the first slot. For example, the first end of the antenna radiator can be considered a segment of the radiator within a range of one-sixteenth of a first wavelength from that first endpoint. Here, the first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point.

[0076] Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

[0077] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by an antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss primarily includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency measures an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0078] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0079] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0080] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0081] Ground (GND): Generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components within an electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of a circuit board in an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the electronic device or a metal film formed beneath the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0082] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0083] Grounding: refers to coupling with the aforementioned ground / floor in any way. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a structural component of the mid-frame to achieve a physical ground at a specific location on the frame (or, physical ground). In another embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices like capacitors / inductors / resistors connected in series or parallel (or, device ground).

[0084] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to wearable devices that employ one or more of the following communication technologies: BT communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5th Generation (5G) communication technology, and other future communication technologies.

[0085] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of this application, using a wireless headset as an example for illustration.

[0086] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a wireless earphone 100, which may be, for example, a TWS Bluetooth earphone. The wireless earphone 100 can be divided into an ear cup portion 1 and an ear stem portion 2. The ear cup portion 1 is connected to one end of the ear stem portion 2. The earbud 1 can be accommodated or embedded in the user's auricle, and the ear stem portion 2 can be hooked onto the edge of the user's auricle and located on the outer periphery of the user's auricle.

[0087] like Figure 1 As shown in (a) and (c), the ear stem 2 can be further divided into a connecting segment 21 that connects to the ear cup 1, and a top segment 22 and a bottom segment 23 located on both sides of the connecting segment 21. The top segment 22, the connecting segment 21, and the bottom segment 23 of the ear stem 2 are arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone. In this application, the longitudinal direction can be the extending direction of the ear stem 2 (e.g., Figure 1 The Y-axis shown in (a) is also the length direction of the ear stem 2. The two ends in the longitudinal direction can be the top end and the bottom end, respectively. The top section 22, the connecting section 21 and the bottom section 23 can be an integral structure or a separate structure.

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown in (b), the ear stem 2 can be further divided into a connecting segment 21 that connects to the ear cup 1, and a bottom segment 23 located on one side of the connecting segment 21. The connecting segment 21 connects between the ear cup 1 and the bottom segment 23. The connecting segment 21 and the bottom segment 23 are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone 100. That is to say, in this application, the wireless earphone 100 may or may not have such a feature. Figure 1 The top segment 22 is shown in (a) and (c) in the figure.

[0089] like Figure 1 As shown in (a) and (b), the wireless earphone 100 may include a housing 10. The housing 10 may be used to house various components of the wireless earphone 100. The housing 10 may include a main housing 101, a bottom housing 102, and a side housing 103.

[0090] The main housing 101 can cover part of the bottom section 23 of the ear stem 2, the connecting section 21 of the ear stem 2, the top section 22 of the ear stem 2, and the portion of the ear cup 1 connected to the connecting section 21. A first opening 1011 can be formed in the bottom section 23 of the ear stem 2, and a second opening 1012 can be formed in the ear cup 1. The first opening 1011 and the second opening 1012 can be used to house components inside the wireless earphone 100.

[0091] The bottom housing 102 can be located at the very bottom of the bottom section 23 of the ear stem portion 2. The bottom housing 102 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the first opening 1011. In one possible implementation, the connection between the bottom housing 102 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (e.g., a snap-fit ​​connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless earphone 100. In another possible implementation, the connection between the bottom housing 102 and the main housing 101 can be a non-detachable connection (e.g., adhesive bonding) to reduce the risk of the bottom housing 102 accidentally falling off, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the wireless earphone 100.

[0092] The side housing 103 can be located on the side of the ear cup portion 1 away from the ear stem portion 2. The side housing 103 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the second opening 1012. In one possible implementation, the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (e.g., a snap-fit ​​connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless earphone 100. In another possible implementation, the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 can also be a non-detachable connection (e.g., adhesive bonding) to reduce the risk of accidental detachment of the side housing 103 and improve the reliability of the wireless earphone 100.

[0093] One or more sound outlets 1031 may be provided on the side housing 103, so that sound inside the housing 10 can be transmitted to the outside of the housing 10 through the sound outlets 1031. This application does not limit the shape, position, number, etc. of the sound outlets 1031.

[0094] It should be understood that this application does not limit the number and location of openings on the housing 10. Different wireless earphones 100 may have different numbers and / or different opening locations. For example, as Figure 1As shown in (c), the outer casing 10 may include a first casing 104 and a second casing 105. A third opening 1041 may be formed on the first casing 104. The first casing 104 can be fixedly connected to the second casing 105 through the third opening 1041. Figure 1 In the example shown in (c), the wireless earphone 100 can have fewer openings.

[0095] It should be understood that Figure 1 The structure of the wireless earphone 100 shown is merely an example; the wireless earphone 100 can have other different embodiments. The following only uses... Figure 1 The wireless earphone 100 shown is used as an example for detailed explanation, etc.

[0096] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a usage scenario of a wearable device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0097] like Figure 2 As shown, a common use case for Bluetooth headsets is that the user wears the headset in both ears while the electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone) is in the user's pocket or hand.

[0098] The Bluetooth communication link between Bluetooth headsets and electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones) connected via Bluetooth suffers significant signal loss due to the absorption of electromagnetic waves by the human body. Furthermore, in complex environments (e.g., train stations, shopping malls), if there are interfering signals (e.g., hotspot signals, WiFi signals, or Bluetooth signals from other devices) operating on the same frequency band as Bluetooth (2.4GHz - 2.485GHz), the Bluetooth headset is highly susceptible to interference, leading to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio. This results in poor communication quality, causing stuttering or even disconnection, negatively impacting the user experience.

[0099] This application provides a wearable device that includes an antenna. When the antenna resonates, the point of maximum current is located in the region of the radiator facing the ground, thereby adjusting the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and improving the communication quality of the Bluetooth communication link of the wearable device.

[0100] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 200 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0101] like Figure 3 As shown, antenna 200 may include radiator 201 and feed circuit 202, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a) of the diagram.

[0102] Among them, the radiator 201 and the floor 203 are arranged at intervals, such as... Figure 3As shown in (b), for example, the radiator 201 and the floor 203 are spaced apart in the z-direction. In one embodiment, the projection of the radiator 201 along the z-direction onto the plane containing the floor 203 completely coincides with the floor 203.

[0103] The radiator 201 is bent, for example, L-shaped. A first portion of the radiator 201 is disposed along a first edge of the floor 203, and a second portion of the radiator 201 is disposed along a second edge of the floor 203. The lengths of the first and second portions are the same. In one embodiment, the lengths of both the first and second portions are 28 mm.

[0104] The central region of the radiator 201 may include a feed point, and the feed circuit 202 is coupled to the feed point. The radiator 201 and the feed circuit 202 can form a dipole antenna structure.

[0105] It should be understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the central region can be understood as the region within 5 mm of the center (e.g., the center of the radiator 201).

[0106] In one embodiment, the floor 203 can be a metal layer; for the sake of simplicity, its dimensions will be 56 mm. Let's take 56mm as an example.

[0107] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), when the antenna resonates, the currents in the first and second parts of the radiator are in the same direction, which corresponds to a half-wavelength mode. The point of maximum current is located at the intersection of the first and second parts.

[0108] It should be understood that, according to the electromagnetic induction theorem, a point of high current can correspond to a point of zero electric field; for example, there is a one-to-one correspondence between a point of high current and a point of zero electric field. A point of high current can be understood as the point where the intensity of the current in the radiating body is the maximum, and correspondingly, it can be understood as the point where the intensity of the electric field generated by the radiating body (e.g., between the radiating body and the floor) is the minimum.

[0109] The currents in the first and second parts of the radiator can be vectored together to form an equivalent current flowing from the first end of the radiator to the second end, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0110] Because the floor is located on the first side of the radiator (e.g., the negative z-axis side), the radiated beam generated by the antenna will be directed towards the second side of the radiator (e.g., the positive z-axis side), and the maximum radiation direction of this beam will be perpendicular to the equivalent current direction. Figure 5 As shown.

[0111] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0112] like Figure 6 As shown, the wearable device 300 may have an ear cup portion 301 and an ear stem portion 302. The first end of the ear stem portion 302 is connected to the ear cup portion 301.

[0113] The ear stem portion 302 includes an antenna 310 and a floor 320.

[0114] Antenna 310 includes a radiator 311. The radiator 311 is spaced apart from the ground 320, for example, the radiator 311 and the ground 320 are spaced apart in the z direction.

[0115] At the second end of the ear stem portion 302, the radiator 311 includes a first portion 3111 extending along a first direction and a second portion 3112 extending along a second direction, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown. The first portion 3111 and the second portion 3112 intersect at a first position 313, which faces the ground when the user wears the wearable device 300. The length of the first portion 3111 is less than the length of the second portion 3112, and the first direction is different from the second direction (e.g., the first direction is the y-direction, and the second direction is the x-direction). In one embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0116] It should be understood that the length of the first part 3111 can be understood as the dimension of the first part 3111 along the first direction, and the length of the second part 3112 can also be understood accordingly.

[0117] When the antenna 310 is operating, the distance between the point of high current on the radiator 311 and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first portion 3111. In one embodiment, when the antenna 310 is operating, the radiator 311 has multiple points of high current, and the distance between any one of these points and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first portion 3111.

[0118] It should be understood that when the user wears the wearable device 300, the first position 313 faces the ground. Since the point of maximum current is located near the first position 313 (the distance between the user and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first part), according to the above embodiment, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation beam generated by the antenna 310 is as follows... Figure 8As shown. For example, when the receiving antenna communicating with antenna 310 (e.g., an electronic device connected to the wearable device via Bluetooth) is located in the user's pocket, since the maximum radiation direction is the x-direction, its electric field has a strong y-direction component. According to the characteristics of electromagnetic propagation, the energy radiated by antenna 310 will be transferred to the receiving antenna in the pocket with less loss, thereby improving the communication quality of the communication link between antenna 310 and the receiving antenna in the pocket. When the wearable device 300 is in a complex environment and affected by interference, it can reduce lag and improve the user experience.

[0119] In one embodiment, the antenna 310 includes a feed circuit 312. The first end of the radiator 311 may include a feed point 341, and the feed circuit 312 is coupled to the feed point 341.

[0120] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, this application embodiment only uses coupled connection as an example of electrical connection. In actual production or design, indirect coupling can also be used, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0121] In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna 310 may include a first frequency band. In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include the Bluetooth band (2.4GHz-2.485GHz). It should be understood that the wearable device 300 can establish a communication connection with an electronic device including a receiving antenna via the Bluetooth band.

[0122] In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 311 may be greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

[0123] It should be understood that the first wavelength, which corresponds to the first frequency band, can be interpreted as the medium wavelength or transmission wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency band.

[0124] The radiator 311 has an electrical length greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength, allowing the antenna to generate a large current near the first position 313 (the distance between the radiator and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first portion 3111), and the antenna possesses good radiation characteristics (e.g., radiation efficiency). Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the antenna 310 shown, the first end and the second end of the first radiator 311 are open ends. The antenna 310 can operate in half-wavelength mode, and the electrical length of the radiator 311 is approximately half the first wavelength.

[0125] In one embodiment, the physical length of the radiator 311 may be greater than or equal to 15 mm.

[0126] It should be understood that, since there is a corresponding relationship between electrical length and physical length (related to the frequency of the first frequency band and the dielectric constant of the component that houses the radiator 311), the electrical length of the radiator 311 can be greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength, which corresponds to a physical length of the radiator 210 that is greater than or equal to 15 mm (assuming the first frequency band is the Bluetooth band and the dielectric constant is 10). When the dielectric constant increases, the physical length of the corresponding radiator 311 decreases. When the dielectric constant decreases, the physical length of the corresponding radiator 311 increases; for example, when the dielectric constant is 3, the physical length of the radiator 311 can be greater than or equal to 28 mm.

[0127] In one embodiment, the electrical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position 313 can be greater than or equal to one-fifth of the first wavelength and less than or equal to three-tenths of the first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band. The second end of the radiator 311 can be understood as the end of the radiator 311 that is away from the feed circuit 312.

[0128] In one embodiment, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position 313 may be greater than or equal to 7.5 mm. In another embodiment, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position may be less than or equal to 11.5 mm.

[0129] It should be understood that, since there is a corresponding relationship between electrical length and physical length, when the dielectric constant increases, the physical length of the corresponding radiator 311 decreases. When the dielectric constant of the component of the radiator 311 is set to 10, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position 313 can be greater than or equal to 7.5 mm and less than or equal to 11.5 mm. When the dielectric constant of the component of the radiator 311 is set to 3, the physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position 313 can be greater than or equal to 14 mm and less than or equal to 21 mm.

[0130] In one embodiment, the first portion 3111 and the second portion 3112 may be strip-shaped. In one embodiment, the width of the first portion 3111 may be less than or equal to 2 mm. In one embodiment, the width of the second portion 3112 may be less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0131] It should be understood that the widths at various points on the first part 3111 and the second part 3112 may not be the same. The aforementioned width can be understood as the maximum value of the width at various points on the first part 3111 and the second part 3112.

[0132] In one embodiment, the radiator 311 may be zigzag-shaped, such as C-shaped, as shown below. Figure 7As shown. It should be understood that the radiator 311 can be L-shaped, such as... Figure 9 As shown in (a), or, the radiator 311 can be G-shaped, such as Figure 9 As shown in (b) above, or the radiator 311 can be S-shaped, such as... Figure 9 As shown in (c), the shape of the radiator 311 is not limited in the embodiments of this application and can be adjusted according to actual production or design.

[0133] In one embodiment, the ground plane 320 is a metal layer in the PCB 330. The PCB 330 may include a plurality of dielectric substrates stacked together, and the metal layer may be located between any two adjacent dielectric substrates.

[0134] In one embodiment, the wearable device 300 may further include a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) 331. A first end of the FPC 331 is electrically connected to the PCB 330, for example, via a board-to-board (BTB) connector. A second end of the FPC 331 extends toward the earpiece 301 and is electrically connected to electronic components in the earpiece 301, for example, the second end of the FPC 331 is electrically connected to a speaker.

[0135] In one embodiment, antenna 310 may further include switch 351. Radiator 311 includes connection point 342 located at a second end of radiator 311, the second end of which is away from the feed circuit 312. Switch 351 is coupled between connection point 342 and ground plane 320 for switching the electrical connection state between connection point 342 and ground plane 320.

[0136] It should be understood that switch 351 can be used to switch the electrical connection state between connection point 342 and ground 320, change the boundary conditions at the second end of radiator 311, and enable antenna 310 to operate in different modes, thereby changing the current distribution on radiator 311. Due to the change in the current distribution on radiator 311, the antenna will produce different radiation patterns (the direction of maximum radiation changes), thus enabling wearable device 300 to have good communication performance in different scenarios.

[0137] When switch 351 is off (connection point 342 is not coupled to the floor 320), the first and second ends of radiator 311 are open, and antenna 310 can operate in half-wavelength mode. In this mode, the current generated by antenna 310 is located near the first position 313 (the distance between the antenna 310 and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first part). This mode is suitable for scenarios where electronic devices connected to wearable devices via Bluetooth are located in the user's pocket.

[0138] When switch 351 is turned on (connection point 342 is coupled to the ground 320), the first end of radiator 311 is an open end and the second end is a ground end. Antenna 310 can operate in two quarter-wavelength modes. In this mode, the large current generated by antenna 310 is not located near the first position 313 (the distance between it and the first position 313 is greater than half the length of the first part). It can be applied to other scenarios (e.g., when an electronic device connected to a wearable device via Bluetooth is located on a desktop).

[0139] In one embodiment, switch 351 can be a single-pole single-throw (SPST), single-pole double-throw (SPDT), or double-pole double-throw (DPDT) switch. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the switch can be selected based on actual production or design, and may also be a single-pole x-throw (SPXT) switch. Alternatively, switch 351 can also be an electronic component with switching characteristics, such as a diode, transistor, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), field-effect transistor, etc. This embodiment does not limit the type of switch; all switches described in this embodiment can be understood accordingly.

[0140] In one embodiment, the wearable device 300 may further include a support, with a radiator 311 disposed on the surface of the support.

[0141] In one embodiment, the wearable device 300 may further include a housing, which may include a conductive portion and an insulating portion, the conductive portion serving as a radiator 311 in the above embodiments.

[0142] It should be understood that when the conductor portion inside the housing is used as the radiator 311, the clearance of the radiator 311 (distance between it and the floor 320) can be increased, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna 310 (e.g., bandwidth, radiation efficiency, etc.).

[0143] Figure 10 yes Figure 6 The simulation results of the antenna in the wearable device are shown.

[0144] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, the embodiments of this application are only illustrated in the scenario where the switch is off (the connection point is not coupled to the floor) and the wearable device is connected to an electronic device via Bluetooth in the user's pocket.

[0145] like Figure 10As shown, in the first frequency band (using the Bluetooth band as an example), the antenna's system efficiency is -24.29dB.

[0146] When the wearable device and the electronic device connected to the wearable device via Bluetooth are on the same side of the user, the signal-to-noise ratio between the wearable device's antenna (transmitting antenna) and receiving antenna is -86.44dB.

[0147] When the wearable device and the electronic device connected to the wearable device via Bluetooth are on opposite sides of the user, the signal-to-noise ratio between the wearable device's antenna (transmitting antenna) and receiving antenna is -87.71dB.

[0148] It should be understood that having the wearable device and the electronic device connected to it via Bluetooth on the same side of the user can be interpreted as the wearable device being located in the cochlea on the user's first side, and the electronic device connected to it via Bluetooth being located in the user's first side pocket. Having them on opposite sides can also be understood accordingly. Figure 11 As shown.

[0149] Figure 12 and Figure 13 yes Figure 6 The diagram shows the current distribution of the antenna in a wearable device. Wherein, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the off state. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the on state.

[0150] like Figure 12 As shown, when the switch is in the open state, the first and second ends of the radiator are open, and the antenna can operate in half-wavelength mode. In this mode, the point of maximum current generated by the antenna is located near the first position (the distance between the antenna and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first part). When the user wears the wearable device, the first position can face the ground. Since the point of maximum current is located near the first position, the maximum radiation direction of the radiated beam generated by the antenna is towards the ground.

[0151] like Figure 13 As shown, when the switch is in the ON state, the first end of the radiator is an open end and the second end is a grounded end. The antenna can operate in two quarter-wavelength modes. In this mode, the point where the antenna generates a large current is not located near the first position (the distance between the antenna and the first position is greater than half the length of the first part), but can be located near the feed points at both ends and the connection points. When the user wears the wearable device, because the point where the large current is not located near the first position, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna's radiated beam is not towards the ground.

[0152] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0153] In wearable device 300 Figure 14 Antenna 310 shown and Figure 6 The antennas 310 shown all have a large current point near the first position 313, the only difference being the different electrical lengths of the radiators 311.

[0154] When switch 351 is open (connection point 342 is not coupled to floor 320), Figure 6 In the antenna 310 shown, the electrical length of the radiator 311 is approximately half the first wavelength. And... Figure 14 In the antenna 310 shown, the electrical length of the radiator 311 is approximately three-quarters of the first wavelength.

[0155] It should be understood that, compared to Figure 6 The antenna 310 shown is in Figure 14 In the antenna 310 shown, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 310 can be improved by increasing the electrical length of the radiator 311. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio between the antenna 310 (transmitting antenna) and the receiving antenna of the wearable device 300 can be improved, thereby enhancing the communication performance (e.g., anti-interference performance) of the wearable device 300, reducing lag, and improving the user experience.

[0156] In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 311 may be greater than or equal to six-tenths of the first wavelength.

[0157] The radiator 311 has an electrical length that is greater than or equal to six-tenths of the first wavelength, which allows the antenna to generate a large current near the first position 313 (the distance between the antenna and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first part), and the antenna has good radiation characteristics (e.g., radiation efficiency).

[0158] In one embodiment, the physical length of the radiator 311 may be greater than or equal to 22.5 mm.

[0159] It should be understood that, since there is a corresponding relationship between electrical length and physical length (related to the frequency of the first frequency band and the dielectric constant of the component that houses the radiator 311), the electrical length of the radiator 311 can be greater than or equal to six-tenths of the first wavelength, which corresponds to a physical length of the radiator 210 greater than or equal to 22.5 mm (assuming the first frequency band is the Bluetooth band and the dielectric constant is 10). When the dielectric constant increases, the physical length of the radiator 311 decreases. When the dielectric constant decreases, the physical length of the radiator 311 increases; for example, when the dielectric constant is 3, the physical length of the radiator 311 can be greater than or equal to 42 mm.

[0160] Figure 15 yes Figure 14The diagram shows the current distribution of the antenna in the wearable device.

[0161] like Figure 15 As shown, when the switch is in the off state, the point of maximum current generated by the antenna is located near the first position (the distance between the antenna and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first part). When the user wears the wearable device, the first position can face the ground. Since the point of maximum current is located near the first position, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna's radiating beam is towards the ground.

[0162] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another wearable device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0163] like Figure 16 As shown, the radiator 311 may include a feed stub 314 and a parasitic stub 315, with the first end of the parasitic stub 315 spaced apart from the feed stub 314.

[0164] The power supply branch 314 may include a power supply point 341, and the power supply circuit 312 is coupled to the power supply point 341.

[0165] It should be understood that in wearable devices 300, Figure 16 Antenna 310 shown and Figure 6 The antennas 310 shown all have a large current point near the first position 313, the only difference being that Figure 6 The radiator 311 shown includes only one branch. Figure 16 The radiator 311 shown includes two branches.

[0166] exist Figure 16 In the antenna 310 shown, the feed stub 314 is coupled to the feed circuit 312 and serves as the main radiator. The parasitic stub 315 resonates through coupling. When the parasitic stub 315 resonates, the point of maximum current is located near the first position 313 (the distance between the first position and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first part).

[0167] Therefore, in Figure 6 The electrical length, physical length, etc. of the radiator 311 in the wearable device shown can all be understood as being in Figure 16The electrical and physical lengths of the parasitic branch 315 are shown. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 311 described in the above embodiment can be greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength, which can be understood as the electrical length of the parasitic branch 315 being greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength. In one embodiment, the physical length of the radiator 311 described in the above embodiment can be greater than or equal to 15 mm, which can be understood as the physical length of the parasitic branch 315 being greater than or equal to 15 mm. In one embodiment, the electrical length between the end of the second end of the radiator 311 and the first position can be greater than or equal to one-fifth of the first wavelength and less than or equal to three-tenths of the first wavelength, which can be understood as the electrical length between the end of the second end of the parasitic branch 315 and the first position 313 being greater than or equal to one-fifth of the first wavelength and less than or equal to three-tenths of the first wavelength.

[0168] exist Figure 16 In the antenna 310 shown, since the parasitic stub 315 generates resonance through coupling, the boundary conditions of the parasitic stub 315 (e.g., whether the first end and the second end are grounded) have little impact on the feed stub 314, which facilitates the matching between the feed circuit 312 and the feed point 341.

[0169] In one embodiment, antenna 310 further includes a switch 351 and electronic component 352. Parasitic stub 315 includes a connection point 342 located at a second end of parasitic stub 315, the second end of which is away from the feed circuit 312 (feed stub 314). Switch 351 and electronic component 352 are coupled between connection point 342 and ground plane 320 for switching the coupling state between connection point 342 and electronic component 352.

[0170] In one embodiment, switch 351 is coupled between connection point 342 and electronic component 352, or in another embodiment, electronic component 352 is coupled between connection point 342 and switch 351, and the switch only switches the coupling state between connection point 342 and electronic component 352. This application does not limit the connection method of switch 351 and electronic component 352.

[0171] It should be understood that switch 351 can be used to switch the electrical connection state between connection point 342 and electronic component 352, changing the electrical length of parasitic stub 315, thereby causing parasitic stub 315 to resonate or not resonate in the first frequency band, thus causing the current peak to be located near or not near the first position 313. The first and second ends of parasitic stub 315 are open, and parasitic stub 315 can operate in half-wavelength mode. Therefore, when the electrical length of parasitic stub 315 is not equal to half the first wavelength, parasitic stub 315 does not resonate in the first frequency band, and the antenna resonates only in the first frequency band via feed stub 314. When switch 351 is open (connection point 342 is not coupled to ground 320) or open (connection point 342 is coupled to ground 320), antenna 310 can have different current distributions, and the antenna will produce different radiation patterns (the direction of maximum radiation changes), thereby enabling wearable device 300 to have good communication performance in different scenarios.

[0172] When switch 351 is in the open state (connection point 342 is not coupled to electronic component 352), the electrical length of parasitic stub 315 is approximately equal to half the first wavelength (four-tenths to six-tenths of the first wavelength). With switch 351 open (connection point 342 is not coupled to electronic component 352), in the first frequency band, antenna 310 resonates simultaneously with the feed stub 314 and parasitic stub 315. The maximum current generated by parasitic stub 315 is located near the first position 313 (the distance between it and the first position 313 is less than or equal to half the length of the first portion). When switch 351 is in the ON state (connection point 342 is coupled to electronic component 352), electronic component 252 ensures that the electrical length of parasitic stub 315 is not equal to half of the first wavelength (less than four-tenths or more than six-tenths of the first wavelength). In the first frequency band, antenna 310 resonates only from the feed stub 314, and the maximum current generated by antenna 310 is not located near the first position (the distance between antenna 310 and the first position 313 is greater than half the length of the first part).

[0173] When switch 351 is in the open state (connection point 342 is not coupled to electronic component 352), the electrical length of parasitic stub 315 is not equal to half of the first wavelength (less than four-tenths or more than six-tenths of the first wavelength). When switch 351 is in the open state (connection point 342 is not coupled to electronic component 352), in the first frequency band, antenna 310 resonates only through feed stub 314, and the peak current generated by antenna 310 is not located near the first position 313. When switch 351 is in the closed state (connection point 342 is coupled to electronic component 352), electronic component 252 makes the electrical length of parasitic stub 315 approximately equal to half of the first wavelength (four-tenths to six-tenths of the first wavelength). In the first frequency band, antenna 310 resonates simultaneously through feed stub 314 and parasitic stub 315, and the peak current generated by parasitic stub 315 is located near the first position 313.

[0174] It should be understood that, since the second end of the parasitic stub 315 is an open end, when the switch 351 is in a conducting state (connection point 342 is coupled to electronic component 352), the connection point 342 and the ground plane 320 cannot be equivalent to a short circuit (connection point 342 is coupled to ground plane 320). Therefore, in the first frequency band, when electronic component 352 is equivalent to a capacitor, its equivalent capacitance value is less than or equal to 3pF. Alternatively, in the first frequency band, when electronic component 352 is equivalent to an inductor, its equivalent inductance value is greater than or equal to 10nH.

[0175] In one embodiment, the feeding stub 314 can be sheet-like, and the parasitic stub 315 can be linear. In one embodiment, the parasitic stub 315 can be zigzag-shaped, such as C-shaped, G-shaped, etc. Figure 17 As shown. The shape of the parasitic branch 315 is not limited in the embodiments of this application, and can be adjusted according to actual production or design.

[0176] Figure 18 and Figure 19 yes Figure 18 The diagram shows the current distribution of the antenna in a wearable device. Wherein, Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the off state. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution when the antenna switch is in the on state.

[0177] For the sake of brevity, in the embodiments of this application, only the following are used: Figure 16 The following example illustrates the situation where, when switch 351 is in the open state (connection point 342 is not coupled to electronic component 352), the electrical length of parasitic branch 315 is less than one-half (less than four-tenths of the first wavelength).

[0178] like Figure 18As shown, when the switch is in the open state, the electrical length of the parasitic stub is less than half the first wavelength. The antenna resonates only from the fed stub, and the point of maximum current generated by the antenna is not located near the first position.

[0179] like Figure 19 As shown, when the switch is in the on state, the electrical length of the parasitic stub is made approximately equal to half the first wavelength by electronic components (e.g., the capacitance of the electronic components is 0.5pF). The antenna resonates simultaneously by the feed stub and the parasitic stub, and the current generated by the parasitic stub is located near the first position.

[0180] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wearable device, characterized in that, include: The ear cover and the ear stem, wherein the first end of the ear stem is connected to the ear cover; The ear stem portion includes an antenna and a ground plane; The antenna includes a radiator, which is spaced apart from the floor. At the second end of the ear stem, the radiator includes a first portion extending along a first direction and a second portion extending along a second direction, the first portion and the second portion intersecting at a first position, the first position facing the ground when the user wears the wearable device, the length of the first portion being less than the length of the second portion, and the first direction being different from the second direction; When the antenna is working, the distance between the point of maximum current on the radiator and the first position is less than or equal to half the length of the first part.

2. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a power supply circuit; The first end of the radiator includes a feed point, and the feed circuit is coupled to the feed point.

3. The wearable device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a switch; The second end of the radiator includes a connection point, and the switch is coupled between the connection point and the floor.

4. The wearable device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a power supply circuit; The radiator includes a feed branch and a parasitic branch, with the first end of the parasitic branch spaced apart from the feed branch, and the parasitic branch includes the current-high point; The power supply branch includes a power supply point, and the power supply circuit is coupled to the power supply point.

5. The wearable device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antenna also includes switches and electronic components; The second end of the radiator includes a connection point, and the switch and the electronic component are coupled between the connection point and the floor.

6. The wearable device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The equivalent capacitance of the electronic component is less than or equal to 3pF, or, The equivalent inductance of the electronic component is greater than or equal to 10nH.

7. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The width of the first portion is less than or equal to 2 mm; and / or, The width of the second part is less than or equal to 2 mm.

8. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The antenna operates in a first frequency band; The electrical length of the radiator is greater than or equal to four-tenths of the first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

9. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The physical length of the radiator is greater than or equal to 15 mm.

10. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The antenna operates in a first frequency band; The electrical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the point of maximum current is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the first wavelength and less than or equal to three-tenths of the first wavelength, where the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

11. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the point of maximum current is greater than or equal to 7.5 mm and less than or equal to 11.5 mm.

12. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The physical length between the end of the second end of the radiator and the current-maximum point is greater than or equal to 14 mm and less than or equal to 21 mm.

13. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The radiator is zigzag-shaped.

14. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The wearable device also includes a support, and the radiator is disposed on the surface of the support.

15. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The wearable device also includes a housing, the conductive portion of which serves as the radiator.

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