Extruded horn antenna

Abstract

The disclosure provides an expositive horn antenna, which can be applied to the technical field of astronomical exploration and the technical field of satellite communication. The antenna comprises a first light wall structure comprising a first light wall output end, wherein a dielectric block is included in the inner wall of the first light wall structure, the dielectric block comprises a support structure, a curved structure and a straight line structure, the curved structure is parallel to the first light wall structure, and the dielectric block is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the horn antenna; a second light wall structure comprising a second light wall input end and a second light wall output end, wherein the second light wall input end is connected to the first light wall output end; and a third light wall structure comprising a third light wall input end, the third light wall input end is connected to the second light wall output end, and the third light wall input radius of the third light wall input end is different from the second light wall output radius of the second light wall output end, so as to realize a stepped structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of astronomical detection technology and satellite communication technology, and more specifically, to a shaped horn antenna. Background Technology

[0002] High-gain, high-efficiency reflector antennas are widely used in astronomical exploration and satellite communication, and the feed horn, as a key component of reflector antennas, plays a crucial role in the practical engineering applications of reflector antennas.

[0003] In realizing the concept disclosed herein, the inventors discovered that there is at least one technical problem in the related technology where the feed horn is difficult to be compatible with smaller and higher-performance devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a curve-shaped horn antenna.

[0005] One aspect of this disclosure provides a shaped horn antenna, comprising:

[0006] A first optical wall structure includes a first optical wall output terminal. The inner wall of the first optical wall structure includes a dielectric block, which comprises a support structure, a curved structure, and a straight structure. The curved structure is parallel to the first optical wall structure, and the support structure supports the dielectric block. The dielectric block is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the horn antenna. A second optical wall structure includes a second optical wall input terminal and a second optical wall output terminal, wherein the second optical wall input terminal is connected to the first optical wall output terminal. A third optical wall structure includes a third optical wall input terminal, which is connected to the second optical wall output terminal. The third optical wall input radius of the third optical wall structure input terminal is different from the second optical wall output radius of the second optical wall output terminal to achieve a stepped structure. The third optical wall structure is used to excite the target waveguide mode of the antenna and radiate the target signal corresponding to the target waveguide mode into the target space.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third light wall structure includes a flat wall structure or a variable angle wall structure.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the antenna further includes a choke structure connected to the outer wall of the third optical wall structure.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first optical wall structure further includes a first optical wall input terminal, which is connected to a transmission waveguide, wherein the first optical wall input radius of the first optical wall input terminal is equal to the radius of the transmission waveguide.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first curve radius of the first optical wall structure between the first optical wall input end and the first optical wall output end satisfies a first functional relationship, and the second curve radius of the second optical wall structure between the second optical wall input end and the second optical wall output end satisfies a second functional relationship.

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function; the second functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the shape of the support structure includes a disk, the curved structure and the straight structure are connected by the support structure, and the edge of the support structure is in contact with the inner wall of the first light wall structure.

[0013] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the disk has a solid structure or a hollow structure.

[0014] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third curve radius between the start and end points of the curve structure satisfies a third functional relationship.

[0015] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third optical wall structure further includes a third optical wall output terminal, the third output radius of which is determined based on the target waveguide mode.

[0016] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a third optical wall structure is added to a conventional curve-shaped optical wall horn composed of two optical wall structures. The input end of the third optical wall is connected to the output end of the second optical wall, and the input radius of the third optical wall is different from the output radius of the second optical wall, thus realizing a stepped structure. By utilizing the discontinuity between the input radius of the third optical wall and the output radius of the second optical wall, the target waveguide mode of the horn antenna is excited, thereby radiating the target signal to the target space. This achieves a reduction in horn length while ensuring performance. At the same time, a dielectric block is set on the inner wall of the first optical wall structure, which accelerates the conversion speed of the mode inside the horn from the main mode of the transmission waveguide to the target waveguide mode matched in the target space, further improving the mode conversion efficiency of the horn. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the overall schematic of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the relevant art.

[0019] Figure 2A cross-sectional view of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art is schematically shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 The diagram schematically illustrates a size comparison between a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a conventional curved shaped light wall horn antenna.

[0023] Figure 6 The diagram schematically illustrates a comparison of the gain and VSWR of a shaped optical wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a conventional curved shaped optical wall horn antenna.

[0024] Figure 7 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art at an operating frequency of 45 GHz.

[0025] Figure 8 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at an operating frequency of 45 GHz.

[0026] Figure 9 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art at an operating frequency of 50 GHz.

[0027] Figure 10 The radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown at an operating frequency of 50 GHz.

[0028] Figure 11 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art at an operating frequency of 55 GHz.

[0029] Figure 12 The radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown at an operating frequency of 55 GHz.

[0030] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the axial ratio of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art.

[0031] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the support structure of a hollow structure disk according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 17 A perspective view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0035] Figure 18 A top view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0036] Figure 19 A bottom view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0038] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0039] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0040] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0041] In the embodiments disclosed herein, the collection, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, provision, disclosure, and storage of data (e.g., including but not limited to user personal information) comply with relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals. In particular, necessary measures have been taken to prevent unauthorized access to user personal information data and to safeguard user personal information security and network security.

[0042] In the embodiments disclosed herein, user authorization or consent is obtained before acquiring or collecting user personal information.

[0043] As the radiating element of a reflector antenna, the illumination angle, gain, and sidelobes of the feed horn have a significant impact on the performance of the reflector antenna. Currently, high-efficiency corrugated horns and curve-shaped optical wall horns with good pattern rotation axis symmetry are often used as feeds for reflector antennas.

[0044] Corrugated horn antennas suppress sidewall currents by slotting the inner wall of the horn, effectively reducing the impact of diffraction fields on the antenna's radiation performance and suppressing sidelobes and backlobes. Simultaneously, the corrugated structure also affects the internal field distribution of the waveguide, influencing the dominant mode TE. 11 The module combines with other higher-order modules to form a hybrid mode HE. 11 The hybrid mode has a circularly symmetrical aperture field distribution, thus achieving the rotational axis symmetry of the antenna pattern. However, as the antenna operating frequency continues to increase and the size of the corrugated horn continues to decrease, the precision requirements for the processing of the corrugated grooves increase significantly. Therefore, it has the disadvantages of high manufacturing difficulty, high scrap rate and high processing cost.

[0045] In related technologies, the inner wall of a curve-shaped optical wall horn is smooth and easy to manufacture. By utilizing the continuously changing curve of the inner wall, various higher-order modes in appropriate proportions are excited, altering the field distribution at the radiating aperture. This results in a similar electric field distribution on the E-plane and H-plane, achieving rotational axisymmetry in the antenna pattern and obtaining lower sidelobes and cross-polarization levels. However, to meet the requirements for antenna gain and rotating radiation pattern, a function curve of a certain length with two or more ends is needed to deliver the excited higher-order modes to the radiating aperture with appropriate amplitude and phase, achieving a rotational axisymmetric pattern, higher gain, and lower sidelobes. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the size and weight requirements of reflector antennas / array antennas for spaceborne / airborne platforms.

[0046] To better illustrate the structure of the shaped optical wall horn antenna in related technologies, the following will demonstrate... Figure 1 and Figure 2 This paper describes the shaped optical wall horn antenna in related technologies.

[0047] Figure 1The diagram illustrates the overall schematic of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the relevant art.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the antenna includes a flange 110, a first optical wall structure 120, and a second optical wall structure 130. The flange 110 is used to improve the stability of the antenna.

[0049] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art is shown schematically.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the cross-sectional view of the shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related technology is similar to... Figure 1 Correspondingly.

[0051] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a shaped horn antenna, comprising: a first optical wall structure, the first optical wall structure including a first optical wall output terminal, wherein the inner wall of the first optical wall structure includes a dielectric block, the dielectric block including a support structure, a curved structure and a straight structure, the curved structure being parallel to the first optical wall structure, the support structure being used to support the dielectric block, and the dielectric block being rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the horn antenna; a second optical wall structure, the second optical wall structure including a second optical wall input terminal and a second optical wall output terminal, wherein the second optical wall input terminal is connected to the first optical wall output terminal; a third optical wall structure, the third optical wall structure including a third optical wall input terminal, the third optical wall input terminal being connected to the second optical wall output terminal, and the third optical wall input radius of the third optical wall structure input terminal being different from the second optical wall output radius of the second optical wall output terminal to achieve a stepped structure; wherein the third optical wall structure is used to excite the target waveguide mode of the antenna and radiate the target signal corresponding to the target waveguide mode to the target space.

[0052] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the antenna 300 includes a first optical wall structure 310, a second optical wall structure 320, a third optical wall structure 330, and a flange 340. The inner wall of the first optical wall structure 310 includes a dielectric block 350, which includes a support structure 351, a curved structure 352, and a straight structure 353.

[0054] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the starting point of the curved structure and the ending point of the straight structure of the dielectric block are both located on the axis of the horn antenna. The entire dielectric block is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the horn antenna, which helps to ensure that the electric field intensity at the radiating surface of the horn antenna has rotational axis symmetry. Simultaneously, the curved structure is parallel to the first optical wall structure, and the supporting structure supports the dielectric block. The supporting structure, the straight structure, and the curved structure are all made of the same material. The dielectric block can be made of materials with similar properties, such as polyimide.

[0055] According to embodiments of this disclosure, in order to radiate the target signal to the corresponding target space, the horn antenna needs to convert the main mode propagation mode into a target waveguide mode that matches the target space, and transmit the target waveguide mode to the radiating aperture with a suitable phase relationship. The dielectric block can ensure that the radiation characteristics of the horn antenna are not affected when the length is reduced, and to a certain extent accelerate the mode conversion speed inside the horn.

[0056] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the input radius of the third optical wall at the input end of the third optical wall structure differs from the output radius of the second optical wall at the output end of the second optical wall, creating a relatively strong discontinuity for the horn antenna and exciting the TM transmitted inside the horn. 1m This mode is beneficial for improving the TE transmission within the speaker. 1m This addresses the issue of uneven electric field distribution on the E-plane, thereby improving the rotational axisymmetry of the horn antenna pattern and effectively reducing the cross-polarization level.

[0057] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, the overall schematic diagram of the shaped optical wall horn antenna corresponds to that of Embodiment 300.

[0059] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the dimensional parameters of the shaped horn antenna can be modeled and iteratively optimized using relevant simulation software, thereby ensuring the antenna's performance.

[0060] For example, the dimensional parameters of the shaped horn antenna in this embodiment of the present disclosure and the dimensional parameters of the conventional curve-shaped horn antenna can be represented as shown in Table 1 below.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] Where, r a L1 represents the output radius of the first optical wall, L2 represents the axial length of the first optical wall structure, and L3 represents the total axial length of the first and second optical wall structures. sL represents the difference between the input radius of the third optical wall and the output radius of the second optical wall. s L3 represents the axial length of the curved structure of the dielectric block, and L4 represents the axial length of the straight structure of the dielectric block.

[0064] Based on Table 1 above, to better illustrate the size difference between the shaped horn antenna of this disclosure embodiment and the traditional curved shaped horn antenna, the following will explain... Figure 5 The dimensions of the shaped horn antenna of the present disclosure embodiment are compared with those of the conventional curved shaped horn antenna.

[0065] Figure 5 The diagram schematically illustrates a size comparison between a shaped optical wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, the vertical axis represents the radius of the horn antenna, and the horizontal axis represents the axial coordinate position of the horn antenna. The shaped light wall horn antenna of this embodiment has a length of only 29 mm and a radius of 8.5 mm, while the shaped light wall horn antenna in the related art has a length of 40 mm and a radius of 8.5 mm. By comparison, it can be seen that by adding a third light wall structure to form a stepped structure, the overall length of the horn antenna is shortened by 27.5%.

[0067] To better demonstrate that the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this disclosure maintains its performance despite size reduction, the following will illustrate this. Figures 6-14 The performance of the shaped optical wall horn antenna according to the embodiments of this disclosure will be described.

[0068] Figure 6 The diagram schematically illustrates a comparison of the gain and VSWR of a shaped optical wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a conventional curved shaped optical wall horn antenna.

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the operating frequency, the left vertical axis represents the gain, and the right vertical axis represents the standing wave ratio (VSWR). Within the operating frequency band of 45GHz to 55GHz, the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this embodiment can achieve a gain of 16.9dB at the center frequency, and compared with the conventional curved shaped optical wall horn antenna, the gain is only reduced by about 0.6dB at the same frequency, and the VSWR is less than 1.25.

[0070] According to embodiments of this disclosure, at the horn radiating aperture surface, TM 1m The mode can effectively reduce TE 1m In the model, the magnetic field is The directional component reduces edge diffraction and lowers sidelobe levels. This can be achieved by adjusting the length L of the third light wall structure. sThis ensures that higher-order modes arrive at the radiating aperture with the correct phase and are coupled before radiating, thereby achieving the rotational axisymmetry of the antenna pattern.

[0071] To better demonstrate the symmetry of the radiation patterns of the shaped optical wall horn antenna in this disclosure embodiment at different operating frequencies, the following will explain... Figures 7-12 The radiation patterns of a conventional curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna at different operating frequencies are compared with those of the curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna of the present disclosure.

[0072] Figure 7 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a conventional curved shaped optical wall horn antenna at an operating frequency of 45 GHz.

[0073] Figure 8 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at an operating frequency of 45 GHz.

[0074] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle θ in polar coordinates of the target space, and the vertical axis represents the gain. E-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the E-plane, E-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the E-plane, H-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the H-plane, and H-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the H-plane. A comparison shows that at an operating frequency of 45 GHz, the radiation pattern of the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this embodiment exhibits better symmetry than that of a conventional curved shaped horn.

[0075] Figure 9 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art at an operating frequency of 50 GHz.

[0076] Figure 10 The radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown at an operating frequency of 50 GHz.

[0077] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle θ in polar coordinates of the target space, and the vertical axis represents the gain. E-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the E-plane, E-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the E-plane, H-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the H-plane, and H-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the H-plane. A comparison shows that at an operating frequency of 45 GHz, the radiation pattern of the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this disclosure embodiment has better symmetry than the curve-shaped horn in related technologies, and the cross-polarization level is better, with sidelobe levels effectively suppressed.

[0078] Figure 11 The schematic diagram illustrates the radiation pattern of a shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art at an operating frequency of 55 GHz.

[0079] Figure 12 The radiation pattern of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown at an operating frequency of 55 GHz.

[0080] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle θ in polar coordinates of the target space, and the vertical axis represents the gain. E-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the E-plane, E-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the E-plane, H-plane_Col-pol represents the main polarization gain of the H-plane, and H-plane_X-pol represents the cross-polarization of the H-plane. A comparison shows that at an operating frequency of 55 GHz, the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this embodiment exhibits better symmetry in its radiation pattern compared to shaped horns in related technologies, with better cross-polarization and effective suppression of sidelobe levels.

[0081] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the axial ratio of a curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art.

[0082] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0083] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the elevation angle θ in the polar coordinates of the target space, and the vertical axis represents the antenna axial ratio. By comparison, it can be seen that the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this disclosure improves the axial ratio performance while reducing the size. The two vertical components of circular polarization have less distortion during transmission inside the horn due to the reduced length, and the axial ratio width is wider.

[0084] In summary, the performance parameters of the shaped optical wall horn antenna in this disclosure and the curve-shaped optical wall horn antenna in related technologies at different operating frequency points can be expressed as shown in Table 2 below.

[0085] Table 2

[0086]

[0087] Therefore, in the low-frequency band, the shaped optical wall horn antenna of this disclosure has a better sidelobe level than the curved shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art, and the cross-polarization voltage is less than -30dB in the entire operating frequency band, and the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB is greater than 60°. Therefore, the transmission efficiency and reception efficiency are higher than those of the curved shaped optical wall horn antenna in the related art, and the horn antenna is shorter and more compact.

[0088] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a third optical wall structure is added to a shaped optical wall horn composed of two optical wall structures in related technologies. The input end of the third optical wall is connected to the output end of the second optical wall, and the input radius of the third optical wall is different from the output radius of the second optical wall, thus realizing a stepped structure. By utilizing the discontinuity between the input radius of the third optical wall and the output radius of the second optical wall, the target waveguide mode of the horn antenna is excited, thereby radiating the target signal to the target space. This achieves a reduction in horn length while ensuring performance. At the same time, a dielectric block is set on the inner wall of the first optical wall structure, which accelerates the conversion speed of the mode inside the horn from the main mode of the transmission waveguide to the target waveguide mode matching the target space, further improving the mode conversion efficiency of the horn.

[0089] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the shape of the support structure includes a disk, the curved structure and the straight structure are connected by the support structure, and the edge of the support structure is in contact with the inner wall of the first light wall structure.

[0090] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a support structure is used to fix the dielectric block to the inner wall of the curved shaped optical wall horn antenna. In addition to being located between the curved structure and the straight structure, it can also be located at the end of the straight structure of the dielectric block or the beginning of the curved structure of the dielectric block. Physical support for the dielectric block can be achieved by changing the shape, thickness, etc. of the support structure.

[0091] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the disc is a solid structure or a hollow structure. According to embodiments of this disclosure, the support structure can be a hollow disc composed of a ring and multiple spaced-apart support columns.

[0092] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the support structure of a hollow structure disk according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0093] like Figure 15 As shown, the embodiment includes a curved structure 1510, a straight structure 1520, and a support structure 1530 located between the curved structure 1510 and the straight structure 1520. The support structure 1530 consists of a ring 1531 and a plurality of support columns 1532.

[0094] Figure 16A schematic diagram of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0095] like Figure 16 As shown, the antenna 1600 includes a first optical wall structure 1610, a second optical wall structure 1620, a third optical wall structure 1630, and a flange 1640. The inner wall of the first optical wall structure 1610 includes a dielectric block 1650, which includes a hollowed-out disc-shaped support structure 1651, a curved structure 1652, and a straight structure 1653.

[0096] Figure 17 A perspective view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0097] like Figure 17 As shown, the perspective view corresponds to the antenna 1600 mentioned above.

[0098] Figure 18 A top view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0099] like Figure 18 As shown, the top view corresponds to the antenna 1600 mentioned above.

[0100] Figure 19 A bottom view of a shaped light wall horn antenna according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0101] like Figure 19 As shown, the bottom view corresponds to the antenna 1600 mentioned above.

[0102] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third light wall structure includes a flat wall structure or a variable angle wall structure.

[0103] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the wall surface of the flat wall structure is perpendicular to the central axis of the horn antenna, and the angle between the wall surface of the variable angle wall structure and the central axis of the horn antenna varies linearly or non-linearly with the axis coordinate position.

[0104] According to embodiments of this disclosure, flat wall structures are easier to manufacture than variable angle wall structures.

[0105] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the antenna further includes a choke structure connected to the outer wall of the third optical wall structure.

[0106] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the choke structure helps reduce electromagnetic wave diffraction at the edge of the horn radiating surface, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the horn antenna and further improving the gain of the low-frequency antenna.

[0107] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first optical wall structure further includes a first optical wall input terminal, which is connected to a transmission waveguide, wherein the first optical wall input radius of the first optical wall input terminal is equal to the radius of the transmission waveguide.

[0108] According to embodiments of this disclosure, taking a circular waveguide as an example, the dominant transmission mode of the circular waveguide is TE. 11 The input radius of the first optical wall and the radius of the transmission waveguide can be calculated using the following formula (1).

[0109] (1)

[0110] Where E is the electric field strength, H is the magnetic field strength, ω is the angular frequency, ε0 ​​is the vacuum permittivity, and μ0 is the vacuum permeability.

[0111] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the above formula (2) is the Helmholtz equation, utilizing the boundary condition E of the transmission waveguide. z Solving for the cutoff frequency of waveguide transmission by finding 0, we can obtain the input radius r at the first optical wall. i Satisfies 0.293λ <r i When <0.609λ, ensure TE 11 The mode can effectively transmit and TM 11 The mode cutoff. Here, λ is the wavelength, which can be taken as r. i It is 3.05mm.

[0112] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third optical wall structure further includes a third optical wall output terminal, the third output radius of which is determined based on the target waveguide mode.

[0113] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third output radius of the third optical wall output terminal can be determined comprehensively based on the target waveguide mode to be excited and the antenna gain requirements, and can be determined through optimization by relevant simulation software.

[0114] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first curve radius of the first optical wall structure between the first optical wall input end and the first optical wall output end satisfies a first functional relationship, and the second curve radius of the second optical wall structure between the second optical wall input end and the second optical wall output end satisfies a second functional relationship.

[0115] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (2).

[0116] (2)

[0117] Where z is the axial coordinate of the horn antenna, r(z) is the radius of the first curve, and p is the function-related parameter.

[0118] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (3).

[0119] (3)

[0120] Where q is a parameter related to the function, and in this case q=18.

[0121] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function; the second functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function.

[0122] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the sine function in the first or second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (4).

[0123] (4)

[0124] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the tangent function in the first functional relationship or the second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (5).

[0125] (5)

[0126] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the power function in the first or second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (6).

[0127] (6)

[0128] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the exponential function in the first or second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (7).

[0129] (7)

[0130] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the hyperbolic function in the first or second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (8).

[0131] (8)

[0132] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the polynomial curve function in the first or second functional relationship can be expressed as the following formula (9).

[0133] (9)

[0134] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the third curve radius between the start and end points of the curve structure satisfies a third functional relationship.

[0135] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the third function can be expressed as the following formula (10).

[0136] (10)

[0137] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the radius of the third curve and the radius of the straight structure can both be optimized and determined using relevant simulation software.

[0138] According to embodiments of this disclosure, changes in the radius of the first curve, the radius of the second curve, and the radius of the third curve of the dielectric block will excite higher-order modes with different modes, phases, and amplitudes. The length of the horn antenna will affect the phase of different modes reaching the radiating aperture. By adjusting the parameters of the first function, the second function, and the third function, as well as the length and radius of the horn antenna, the horn antenna can excite a suitable proportion of higher-order modes and make them reach the radiating aperture with appropriate amplitudes and phases, thereby achieving the axisymmetry of the radiation pattern.

[0139] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of this disclosure may be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0140] The embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this disclosure, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A shaped horn antenna, characterized in that, include: A first optical wall structure includes a first optical wall output end and a first optical wall input end. The first optical wall input end is connected to a transmission waveguide. The inner wall of the first optical wall structure includes a dielectric block. The dielectric block includes a support structure, a curved structure, and a straight structure. The curved structure is parallel to the first optical wall structure. The curved structure and the straight structure are connected through the support structure. The edge of the support structure is in contact with the inner wall of the first optical wall structure. The support structure is used to support the dielectric block. The dielectric block is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the horn antenna. The second light wall structure includes a second light wall input terminal and a second light wall output terminal, wherein the second light wall input terminal is connected to the first light wall output terminal; The third light wall structure includes a third light wall input end, which is connected to the second light wall output end. The third light wall input radius of the third light wall structure input end is different from the second light wall output radius of the second light wall output end, so as to realize a stepped structure. The third optical wall structure is used to excite the target waveguide mode of the antenna and radiate the target signal corresponding to the target waveguide mode into the target space.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third light wall structure includes a flat wall structure or a variable angle wall structure.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a choke structure, which is connected to the outer wall of the third optical wall structure.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical wall input radius at the first optical wall input end is equal to the radius of the transmission waveguide.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first curve radius of the first light wall structure between the first light wall input end and the first light wall output end satisfies a first functional relationship, and the second curve radius of the second light wall structure between the second light wall input end and the second light wall output end satisfies a second functional relationship.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function; the second functional relationship includes one of the following: sine function, tangent function, power function, exponential function, hyperbolic function, and polynomial curve function.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the support structure includes a disk.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The disk may be a solid structure or a hollow structure.

9. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third curve radius between the start and end points of the curve structure satisfies a third functional relationship.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third optical wall structure also includes a third optical wall output end, the third output radius of which is determined according to the target waveguide mode.

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