Method for operating device in wireless communication system and device using the same

Abstract

A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the same are provided. The method comprises the steps of: receiving configuration information for configuring an amplification gain value for an access link from a network; and determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the configuration information. Wherein the amplification gain value is determined according to the sending beam direction in the access link.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the method. Background Art

[0002] As more and more communication devices require higher communication capacity, advanced mobile broadband communication is needed compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). Large-scale machine type communication (MTC), which provides various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and multiple objects, is also a major issue to be considered in the next generation of communications. In addition, the design of communication systems considering services or user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency is under discussion. The introduction of next-generation RATs that consider enhanced mobile broadband communications, massive MTC, and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), etc., is under discussion. In the present disclosure, for the convenience of description, this technology may be referred to as a new RAT or a new radio (NR).

[0003] In addition, a repeater (also called a relay) can be introduced into the NR. The repeater is a network controlled repeater (NCR). The NCR may include an NCR-MT (mobile terminal) and an NCR-Fwd (forwarding). The NCR-MT may perform the function of communicating with the base station and controlling the NCR-Fwd. The NCR-Fwd performs a signal forwarding function. That is, a signal received from the base station may be sent to the UE, or a signal received from the UE may be sent to the base station.

[0004] In the case of a conventional repeater, when a signal received from a base station is forwarded to a UE, or when a signal received from a UE is forwarded to a base station, a fixed amplification gain is applied to determine the transmit power for the forwarded signal. In this case, a fixed amplification gain is applied regardless of the received power of the signal, which may result in the power of the forwarded signal being determined to be insufficient for the coverage of the cell. For example, the power may be too high for the location / distance between the repeater and the communicating party, causing unnecessary interference nearby, or the signal power may be too low to be properly delivered.

[0005] Depending on the location / distance between the forwarder and the communicating party, the beam / beam direction used for communication may be different. Conventional repeaters use a fixed amplification gain regardless of the beam / (multiple) beam directions, thereby causing unnecessary interference or failing to properly transmit signals. Summary of the invention

[0006] Technical issues

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the method.

[0008] Solution

[0009] A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and the device are provided. The device performs the following steps: receiving configuration information for setting an amplification gain value for an access link from a network, and determining a transmission power value in the access link based on the configuration information. The amplification gain value is determined according to a transmission beam direction in the access link.

[0010] Beneficial Effects

[0011] According to the present disclosure, the amplification gain may be adjusted according to the beam direction of the NCR forwarding signal to take into account sufficient coverage.

[0012] This can solve the problem of NCR causing unnecessary interference or failing to send signals properly when performing forwarding operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 The system structure of the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied is illustrated.

[0014] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol architecture for a user plane.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane.

[0016] Figure 4 Illustrate the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0017] Figure 5 An example of a frame structure that can be applied in NR is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 6 The time slot structure of the NR frame is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 7 CORESET is instantiated.

[0020] Figure 8 An example of a frame structure for a new radio access technology is illustrated.

[0021] Fig. 9 The structure of a self-contained time slot is illustrated.

[0022] Fig.10 Physical channels and general signal transmission are illustrated.

[0023] Fig.11 The transport network architecture for 5G is illustrated.

[0024] Fig.12An example of a topology in which NCR performs transmission and reception between a base station and a UE is shown.

[0025] Fig.13 is a diagram comparing the operation of NCR and existing RF repeaters.

[0026] Fig.14 The structure of NCR is illustrated.

[0027] Fig.15 An example of a method of operating a device in a wireless communication system is illustrated.

[0028] Fig.16 An example of determining an amplification gain value according to the direction of a transmission beam in an access link is illustrated.

[0029] Fig.17 A wireless device suitable for use in this specification is exemplified.

[0030] Fig.18 An example of the structure of the signal processing module is illustrated.

[0031] Fig.19 Another example of the structure of the signal processing module in the transmitting device is illustrated.

[0032] Fig. 20 An example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0033] Fig.21 Another example of a wireless device is illustrated.

[0034] Fig. 22 Another example of a wireless device applicable to the present specification is illustrated.

[0035] Fig.23 A communication system 1 applicable to this specification is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, C".

[0037] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in this specification may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0038] In the present specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, in the present specification, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0039] In addition, in the present specification, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0040] In addition, brackets used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" of this specification is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (ie, PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information".

[0041] The technical features described separately in one drawing in this specification may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0042] A wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied may also be referred to as, for example, an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0043] E-UTRAN includes a base station (BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE). A UE may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to as another term such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal / terminal (MT), a wireless device, a terminal, etc. A BS is generally a fixed station that communicates with a UE and may be referred to as another term such as an evolved Node B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

[0044] The BSs are interconnected via an X2 interface. The BSs are also connected to an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) via an S1 interface, more specifically, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) via S1-MME and to a Serving Gateway (S-GW) via S1-U.

[0045] EPC includes MME, S-GW and Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW). MME has UE access information or UE capability information, which is usually used for UE mobility management. S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as the endpoint. P-GW is a gateway with PDN as the endpoint.

[0046] As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, mobile broadband communication that is improved over existing radio access technologies is needed. In addition, large-scale machine type communication (MTC) that provides various services by connecting many devices and objects is one of the main issues to be considered in the next generation of communications. In addition, the design of communication systems considering reliability / latency-sensitive services / UEs is being discussed. The introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communications (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) is discussed. In the present disclosure, for convenience, this new technology may be referred to as a new radio access technology (new RAT or NR).

[0047] Figure 1 The system structure of the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied is illustrated.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 , the NG-RAN may include base stations (e.g., gNBs and / or eNBs) that provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations to the UE. Figure 1 The case where only gNB is included is illustrated. gNB (eNB) is connected to each other through the Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to the 5G core network (5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNB and eNB are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and are connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0049] On the other hand, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be divided into the first layer (L1), the second layer (L2), and the third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model well known in the communication system. Among them, the physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transmission service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer is used to control radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS.

[0050] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol architecture for a user plane. Figure 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the PHY layer provides information transfer services to the upper layer through a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer of the PHY layer, through a transport channel. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and the characteristics of the data.

[0052] Data moves between different PHY layers (ie, a PHY layer of a transmitter and a PHY layer of a receiver) through a physical channel. The physical channel may be modulated according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and use time and frequency as radio resources.

[0053] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels and multiplexing and demultiplexing into transport blocks provided on the transport channels of MAC service data units (SDUs) belonging to logical channels through physical channels. The MAC layer provides services to the radio link control (RLC) layer through logical channels.

[0054] The functions of the RLC layer include concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. In order to ensure various types of quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0055] The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer is associated with the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers, and is responsible for the control of logical channels, transport channels, and PHY channels. RB represents a logical route provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, and PDCP layer) to transmit data between the UE and the network.

[0056] The functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on the user plane include the transmission of user data and header compression and encryption. The functions of the PDCP layer on the user plane also include the transmission and encryption / integrity protection of control plane data.

[0057] Configuration of RB means the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and the channel in order to provide a specific service and configuring various detailed parameters and operation methods. RB can be divided into two types: signaling RB (SRB) and data RB (DRB). SRB is used as a channel through which RRC messages are sent on the control plane, and DRB is used as a channel through which user data is sent on the user plane.

[0058] If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle state.

[0059] The downlink transmission channels for sending data from the network to the UE include a broadcast channel (BCH) for sending system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for sending user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be sent via a downlink SCH, or may be sent via another downlink multicast channel (MCH). In addition, the uplink transmission channels for sending data from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) for sending initial control messages and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for sending user traffic or control messages.

[0060] Logical channels located above and mapped to the transport channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH) and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0061] A physical channel includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. RB is a resource allocation unit, including multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. In addition, each subframe may use a specific subcarrier of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), i.e., an L1 / L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is a unit time for subframe transmission.

[0062] Figure 4 Illustrate the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0063] Reference Figure 4 , gNB can provide functions such as inter-cell radio resource management (inter-cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration and provision, dynamic resource allocation, etc. AMF can provide functions such as NAS security, idle state mobility processing, etc. UPF can provide functions such as mobility anchoring, PDU processing, etc. SMF can provide functions such as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, etc.

[0064] Figure 5 An example of a frame structure that can be applied in NR is illustrated.

[0065] Reference Figure 5, a radio frame (hereinafter referred to as a frame) can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A frame has a length of 10ms and can be defined as two 5ms half-frames (Half-Frame, HF). A half-frame can be defined as five 1ms subframes (Subframe, SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP (= which may also be referred to as a general CP or a common CP) is used, each time slot includes 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each time slot includes 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0066] The following Table 1 illustrates a subcarrier spacing configuration (also referred to as a subcarrier spacing configuration) μ.

[0067] [Table 1]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Table 2 below illustrates the number of time slots (N) in a frame according to the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. frame,μ slot ), the number of time slots in a subframe (N subframe,μ slot ), the number of symbols in a time slot (N slot symb )wait.

[0071] [Table 2]

[0072]

[0073] exist Figure 5 In FIG. 1 , μ=0, 1, 2, and 3 are exemplified.

[0074] The following Table 2-1 illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary according to SCS when extended CP is used.

[0075] [Table 2-1]

[0076] <![CDATA[SCS(15·2 μ )]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,μ slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,μ slot ]]> 60KHz(μ=2) 12 40 4

[0077] In the NR system, OFDM (A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently between multiple cells merged into one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., SF, time slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as time unit (TU) for simplicity) consisting of the same number of symbols may be configured differently between the merged cells.

[0078] Figure 6 The time slot structure is illustrated.

[0079] A time slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, a time slot may include 14 symbols (or 7 symbols), but in the case of an extended CP, a time slot may include 12 symbols (or 6 symbols). A carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P) RBs in the frequency domain and may correspond to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through an activated BWP, and only one BWP may be activated for one UE. Each element in a resource grid is called a resource element (RE), and a complex symbol may be mapped to an RE.

[0080] The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or more control channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in Table 3 below.

[0081] [Table 3]

[0082] Aggregation Level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

[0083] That is, the PDCCH may be transmitted through resources including 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, the CCE includes six resource element groups (REGs), and one REG includes one resource block in the frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain.

[0084] Monitoring means decoding each PDCCH candidate according to the Downlink Control Information (DCI) format.The UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs (described below) on the activated DL BWP of each activated serving cell configured with PDCCH monitoring according to the corresponding search space set.

[0085] A new unit called Control Resource Set (CORESET) may be introduced in NR. The UE may receive PDC CH in the CORESET.

[0086] Figure 7 CORESET is instantiated.

[0087] Reference Figure 7 , CORESET includes N in the frequency domain CORESET RB resource blocks and N in the time domain CORESET symb ∈{1, 2, 3} symbols. N may be provided by the base station via higher layer signaling CORESET RB and N CORESET symb .like Figure 7 As illustrated in FIG. , a CORES ET may include multiple CCEs (or REGs).

[0088] The UE may attempt to detect a PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs in a CORESET. One or more CCEs for which PDCCH detection may be attempted may be referred to as PDCCH candidates.

[0089] Multiple CORESETs can be configured for a UE.

[0090] The control region in a conventional wireless communication system (e.g., LTE / LTE-A) is configured over the entire system frequency band for use by a base station (BS). All UEs except some UEs (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT UEs) that only support narrowband must be able to receive wireless signals over the entire system frequency band of the BS in order to properly receive / decode control information sent by the BS.

[0091] On the other hand, in NR, the above-mentioned CORESET is introduced. CORESET is a radio resource for control information to be received by UE, and can use only a part in the frequency domain instead of the entire system bandwidth. In addition, in the time domain, only some symbols in the time slot can be used. The BS can allocate a CORESET to each UE, and control information can be sent through the allocated CORESET. In NR, the UE can receive control information from the BS without having to receive the entire system frequency band.

[0092] The CORESET may include a UE-specific CORESET for transmitting UE-specific control information and a common CORESET for transmitting control information common to all UEs.

[0093] In addition, NR may require high reliability depending on the application. In this case, the target block error rate (BLER) of downlink control information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) can be significantly reduced compared to conventional technologies. As an example of a method for satisfying the requirement for high reliability, the content included in the DCI can be reduced and / or the amount of resources used for DCI transmission can be increased. Here, the resources may include at least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code domain, and resources in the space domain.

[0094] In NR, the following technologies / features can be applied.

[0095] <Self-contained subframe structure>

[0096] Figure 8 An example of a frame structure for a new radio access technology is illustrated.

[0097] In NR, such as Figure 8 As shown in , a structure in which a control channel and a data channel are time-division multiplexed within one TTI may be regarded as a frame structure in order to minimize the waiting time.

[0098] exist Figure 8 In the figure, the shaded area represents the downlink control area, and the black area represents the uplink control area. The remaining area can be used for downlink (DL) data transmission or uplink (UL) data transmission. This structure is characterized in that DL transmission and UL transmission are performed sequentially within one subframe, so DL data can be sent and UL ACK / NACK can be received within the subframe. Therefore, the time required from the occurrence of a data transmission error to the retransmission of data is shortened, thereby minimizing the waiting time for the final data transmission.

[0099] In the subframe structure of data and control TDM, a time gap may be required for the base station and UE to switch from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode. To this end, some OFDM symbols when DL switches to UL can be set as a guard period (GP) in a self-contained subframe structure.

[0100] Fig. 9 The structure of a self-contained time slot is illustrated.

[0101] In the NR system, one time slot includes all of the DL control channel, the DL or UL data channel, the UL control channel, etc. For example, the first N symbols in the time slot can be used to send the DL control channel (then, the DL control region), and the last M symbols in the time slot can be used to send the UL control channel (then, the UL control region). N and M are both integers of 0 or greater. The resource region (then, the data region) located between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used to send DL data or UL data. As an example, one time slot can correspond to one of the following configurations. List each time period in chronological order.

[0102] 1. DL configuration only

[0103] 2. UL configuration only

[0104] 3. Hybrid UL-DL configuration

[0105] -DL area + GP (guard period) + UL control area

[0106] -DL control area + GP + UL area

[0107] DL area: (i) DL data area, (ii) DL control area + DL data area

[0108] UL region: (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region + UL control region.

[0109] In the DL control region, PDCCH may be transmitted, and in the DL data region, PDSCH may be transmitted. In the UL control region, PUCCH may be transmitted, and in the UL data region, PUSCH may be transmitted. In the PDCCH, downlink control information (DCI) may be transmitted, for example, DL data scheduling information or UL data scheduling information. In the PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI) may be transmitted, for example, ACK / NACK (positive acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, channel state information (CSI) information, or scheduling request (SR) may be transmitted. GP provides a time gap during the process of the gNB and UE transitioning from a transmission mode to a reception mode or during the process of the gNB and UE transitioning from a reception mode to a transmission mode. The symbol portion within a subframe belonging to the timing of the mode change from DL to UL may be configured as a GP.

[0110] <Analog Beamforming #1>

[0111] The wavelength is shortened to millimeter waves (mmW), so a large number of antenna elements can be installed in the same area. That is, the wavelength is 1 cm at 30 GHz, so a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in a 5×5 cm panel in a two-dimensional array at intervals of 0.5λ (wavelength). Therefore, a large number of antenna elements can be used in mmW to increase beamforming (BF) gain to increase coverage or improve throughput.

[0112] In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to adjust the transmit power and phase of each antenna element, independent beamforming for each frequency resource can be performed. However, installing a TXRU for all approximately 100 antenna elements is inefficient in terms of cost. Therefore, a method of mapping a large number of antenna elements to one TXRU using an analog phase shifter and controlling the beam direction is considered. This analog beamforming can form only one beam direction in all frequency bands, and therefore cannot provide frequency selective beamforming.

[0113] Hybrid beamforming (BF) with fewer than B TXRUs than Q antenna elements can be considered an intermediate form of digital BF and analog BF. In this case, the number of directions of beams that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B, although the number depends on the method of connecting the B TXRUs and the Q antenna elements.

[0114] <Analog Beamforming #2>

[0115] When multiple antennas are used in NR, hybrid beamforming, which is a combination of digital beamforming and analog beamforming, occurs. Here, in analog beamforming (or RF beamforming), the RF end performs precoding (or combining), so it is possible to achieve performance similar to digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and the number of D / A (or A / D) converters. For ease of description, the hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, the digital beamforming of the L data layers to be sent at the transmitting end can be represented by an N×L matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into analog signals via the TXRU, and analog beamforming represented by the M×N matrix is ​​applied.

[0116] System information of the NR system can be transmitted in a broadcast manner. In this case, in one symbol, analog beams belonging to different antenna panels can be transmitted simultaneously. A scheme of introducing a beam RS (BRS), which is a reference signal (RS) transmitted by applying a single analog beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel), is being discussed to measure the channel of each analog beam. BRS can be defined for multiple antenna ports, and each antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. In this case, unlike BRS, a synchronization signal or xPBCH can be transmitted by applying all analog beams within the analog beam group so as to be correctly received by any UE.

[0117] In NR, in the time domain, a synchronization signal block (SSB, or also referred to as a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH)) may consist of 4 OFDM symbols indexed in ascending order from 0 to 3 within the synchronization signal block, and a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a PBCH associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) may be mapped to the symbols. As described above, a synchronization signal block may also be represented by a SS / PBCH block.

[0118] In NR, since multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) can be transmitted at different times respectively and SSBs can be used to perform initial access (IA), serving cell measurement, etc., it is preferred to transmit SSBs first when the transmission time and resources of SSBs overlap with the transmission time and resources of other signals. For this purpose, the network can broadcast the transmission time and resource information of SSBs, or indicate them through UE-specific RRC signaling.

[0119] In NR, transmission and reception can be performed based on beams. If the reception performance of the current serving beam deteriorates, a process of searching for a new beam through so-called beam failure recovery (BFR) can be performed.

[0120] Since the BFR process is not intended to declare an error or failure of the link between the network and the UE, it can be assumed that the connection with the current serving cell is maintained even if the BFR process is performed. During the BFR process, measurements of different beams configured by the network (which can be represented in terms of CSI-RS ports or synchronization signal block (SSB) indexes) can be performed, and the best beam for the corresponding UE can be selected. The UE can perform the BFR process in such a way that it performs RACH processing associated with the beam that produces good measurement results.

[0121] Now, a transmission configuration indicator (hereinafter, TCI) state will be described. The TCI state may be configured for each CORESET of a control channel, and a parameter for determining an RX beam of a UE may be determined based on the TCI state.

[0122] For each DL BWP of the serving cell, the UE may be configured for three or fewer CORESETs. In addition, the UE may receive the following information for each CORESET.

[0123] 1) a CORESET index p (e.g., one of 0 to 11, where the index of each CORESET can be uniquely determined in the BWP of one serving cell),

[0124] 2) PDCCH DM-RS scrambling sequence initialization value,

[0125] 3) the duration of the CORESET in the time domain (can be given in symbols),

[0126] 4) Resource block collection,

[0127] 5) CCE to REG mapping parameters,

[0128] 6) Antenna port quasi co-location, which indicates the quasi co-location (QCL) information of the DM-RS antenna ports for receiving PDCCH in each CORESET (from a set of antenna port quasi co-location provided by a higher layer parameter called "TCI-State"),

[0129] 7) An indication of the presence of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) field for a specific DCI format transmitted by PDCCH in CORESET, etc.

[0130] QCL will be described. If the characteristics of the channel through which the symbols on one antenna port are transmitted can be inferred from the characteristics of the channel through which the symbols on the other antenna port are transmitted, the two antenna ports are said to be quasi-co-located (QCL). For example, when two signals A and B are transmitted from the same transmit antenna array to which the same / similar spatial filters are applied, the two signals may experience the same / similar channel states. From the perspective of the receiver, when one of the two signals is received, the other signal can be detected by using the channel characteristics of the received signal.

[0131] In this sense, when signal A and signal B are said to be quasi co-located (QCL), this may mean that signal A and signal B experience similar channel conditions, and therefore, channel information estimated to detect signal A is also useful for detecting signal B. Herein, channel conditions may be defined according to, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial reception parameters, and the like.

[0132] The "TCI-State" parameter associates one or two downlink reference signals with the corresponding QCL type (QCL types A, B, C and D, see Table 4).

[0133] [Table 4]

[0134] QCL Type describe QCL-Type A Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread QCL-Type B Doppler shift, Doppler spread QCL-Type C Doppler shift, average delay QCL-Type D Space Rx parameters

[0135] Each "TCI-State" may include parameters for configuring a QCL relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and a DM-RS port of a PDSCH (or PDDCH) or a CSI-RS port of a CSI-RS resource.

[0136] In addition, for each DL BWP configured for the UE in one serving cell, the UE may be provided with 10 (or less) search space sets.For each search space set, the UE may be provided with at least one of the following information.

[0137] 1) Search space set index s (0≤s<40), 2) Association between CORESET p and search space set s, 3) PDCCH monitoring periodicity and PDCCH monitoring offset (time slot unit), 4) PDCCH monitoring pattern within a time slot (e.g., indicating the first symbol of the CORESET in the time slot used for PDCCH monitoring), 5) The number of time slots in which there is search space set s, 6) The number of PDCCH candidates for each CCE aggregation level, 7) Information indicating whether the search space set s is CSS or USS.

[0138] In NR, CORESET#0 may be configured via PBCH (or UE-specific signaling for handover or PSCell configuration or BWP configuration). Search Space (SS) Set #0 configured via PBCH may monitor offsets (e.g., slot offsets, symbol offsets) that are different for each associated SSB. This may be required to minimize the search space opportunities monitored by the UE. Alternatively, this may be required to provide a beam scanning control / data region capable of performing control / data transmission on a per-beam basis in order to persistently perform communication with the UE in a situation where the UE's best beam changes dynamically.

[0139] Fig.10 Physical channels and typical signaling are illustrated.

[0140] Reference Fig.10 In a wireless communication system, a UE receives information from a BS through a downlink (DL), and the UE transmits information to the BS through an uplink (UL). Data transmitted / received by the BS and the UE includes data and various control information, and there are various physical channels according to the type / purpose of information transmitted / received by the BS and the UE.

[0141] A UE that is powered on again in a power-off state or newly enters a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as adjusting synchronization with the BS (S11). To this end, the UE receives a primary synchronization channel (PSCH) and a secondary synchronization channel (SSCH) from the BS to adjust synchronization with the BS and acquire information such as a cell identity (ID). In addition, the UE may receive a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the BS to acquire broadcast information in the cell. In addition, the UE may receive a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step to identify a downlink channel state.

[0142] (Initial) cell search is a process in which a UE acquires time and frequency synchronization with a cell and detects the cell ID of the cell. The cell search may be based on the primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal of the cell, and the PBCH DMRS.

[0143] After completing the initial cell search, the UE may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) to acquire more specific system information (S12).

[0144] Thereafter, the UE may perform a random access procedure to complete access to the BS (S13 to S16). Specifically, the UE may send a preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13), and may receive a random access response (RAR) to the preamble through a PDCCH and a PDSCH corresponding thereto (S14). Thereafter, the UE may send a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) by using the scheduling information in the RAR (S15), and may perform a contention resolution procedure (which may be referred to as a process of receiving a contention resolution message) similar to the PDCCH and the PDSCH corresponding thereto (S16).

[0145] After performing the above-mentioned process, the UE may perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission (S18) as a typical uplink / downlink signal transmission process. The control information sent by the UE to the BS is called uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ) confirmation (ACK) / negative ACK (NACK), scheduling request (SR), channel state information (CSI), etc. CSI includes channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indication (RI), etc. Typically, UCI is transmitted through PUCCH. However, when control information and data are to be transmitted simultaneously, UCI may be transmitted through PUSCH. In addition, the UE may transmit UCI irregularly through PUSCH according to the request / instruction of the network.

[0146] In order to enable reasonable battery consumption when bandwidth adaptation (BA) is configured, only one uplink BWP (bandwidth part) and one downlink BWP or only one downlink / uplink BWP pair for each uplink carrier can be activated at a time in the active serving cell, and all other BWPs configured in the UE are deactivated. In a deactivated BWP, the UE does not monitor the PDCCH and does not perform transmissions on the PUCCH, PRACH and UL-SCH.

[0147] For BA, the RX and TX bandwidths of the UE are not necessarily as wide as the bandwidth of the cell and can be adjusted. That is, the width can be commanded to change (e.g., reduced for low activity time periods for power saving), the position in the frequency domain can be moved (e.g., to increase scheduling flexibility), and the subcarrier spacing can be changed (e.g., to allow different services). A subset of the entire cell bandwidth of a cell is called a bandwidth part (BWP), and a BA is obtained by configuring a BWP for the UE and by notifying the UE of the current active BWP among the configured BWPs. When BA is configured, the UE only needs to monitor the PDCCH on one active BWP. That is, there is no need to monitor the PDCCH on the entire downlink frequency of the cell. The BWP inactivity timer (independent of the DRX inactivity timer mentioned above) is used to switch the active BWP to the default BWP. That is, when the PDCCH decoding is successful, the timer is restarted, and when the timer expires, the timer switches to the default BWP.

[0148] The following is an explanation of the integrated access and backhaul link (IAB). Below, for ease of explanation, the proposed solution is explained based on the new RAT (NR) system, but the scope of the system to which the proposed solution is applied can be extended to other systems such as 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system in addition to the NR system.

[0149] One of the potential technologies for enabling future cellular network configuration scenarios and applications is the technology that supports wireless backhaul and relay links, which can achieve flexible and very dense configuration of NR cells without the need to scale the transport network.

[0150] Compared to LTE, it is expected that larger bandwidths (e.g., mmWave spectrum) will be available in NR together with native deployment of massive MIMO or multi-beam systems, so there is an opportunity to develop and deploy integrated access and backhaul links. This enables easier deployment of dense networks of self-backhauled NR cells in a more integrated manner by building multiple control and data channels / processes defined in a way that provides connectivity or access to UEs. Such systems are referred to as integrated access and backhaul links (IAB).

[0151] The following definitions are made in this disclosure.

[0152] -AC(x): access link between node (x) and UE.

[0153] - BH(xy): backhaul link between node (x) and node (y).

[0154] At this time, the node may refer to a DgNB (donor gNB) or a relay node (RN). Here, the DgNB or the donor node may be a gNB that provides a function of supporting a backhaul for an IAB node.

[0155] When there are relay node 1 and relay node 2, and relay node 1 and relay node 2 are connected through a return link and relaying data sent and received by relay node 2, relay node 1 is named as the parent node of relay node 2, and relay node 2 is named as the child node of relay node 1.

[0156] The technical features individually described in one of the drawings in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0157] The following figures are used to illustrate a specific example of this specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields recorded in the figures are only for illustration, so the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0158] The following introduces the network control repeater (NCR) and its operation method in the NR environment. Hereinafter, NCR may be referred to as a repeater or a repeater. Hereinafter, MT may be referred to as NCR-MT, and RU may be referred to as NCR-Fwd (forwarding).

[0159] <Transport network architecture for 5G>

[0160] Fig.11 The transport network architecture for 5G is illustrated.

[0161] ITU-T (Telecommunication Standardization Sector) has chosen Fig.11 The transmission network architecture for 5G shown in (a) is composed of three logical elements: CU (centralized unit), DU (distributed unit), and RU (remote unit).

[0162] In this model, the mid and lower layer functions are divided into DU and RU. RU implements RF functions, and may also implement low-PHY and high-PHY functions depending on the functional division between RU and DU. Depending on the network requirements, CU, DU and RU are combined into different combinations to form actual physical network elements.

[0163] For example, Fig.11 As shown in (b) to (d) of FIG. 4 , CU, DU and RU are combined into various combinations. This provides flexibility that can include various network architectures, applications and transmission network requirements.

[0164] like Fig.11 As shown, the transport network between 5GC and CU is called backhaul. The backhaul network implements the 3GPP NG interface. Similarly, the transport network between CU and DU is called midhaul. The midhaul network implements the 3GPP F1 interface. Finally, the transport network between DU and RU is called fronthaul. Backhaul, midhaul, and fronthaul are collectively referred to as xhaul.

[0165] Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), also known as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) and large intelligent surfaces (LIS), are programmable structures that can be used to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM) by changing the electrical and magnetic properties of the surface.

[0166] In addition to the electromagnetic wave control function, the RIS also integrates a detection function for detecting the wireless environment. When the RIS is configured in the environment where the wireless system operates, the properties of the wireless channel can be at least partially controlled.

[0167] The inherent functions of RIS can provide many advantages, including the potential to improve stability and coverage performance through beamforming or range expansion. With the ability to control the propagation environment, there are some changes in the existing wireless system design paradigm, where the wireless channel is mostly considered an uncontrollable presence that distorts the transmitted signal. Traditional transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) are designed to equally disperse the influence of the channel. Various scenarios can be imagined, from the case of configuring a RIS on a wall to the case of transmitting a signal from a predetermined direction.

[0168] By using RIS, it is possible to provide the 'penetration effect' of transmitting an external signal to the base station signal inside the building, and the'reflection effect' in the NLoS (non-line-of-sight) environment, thereby improving the coverage of blind spots.

[0169] <Network-controlled repeater in NR>

[0170] (1) Conventional RF repeater

[0171] In the past, the RF repeater was a non-regenerative type of relay node that simply amplified and forwarded all received signals. The main advantages of the RF repeater are low cost, ease of configuration, and no additional latency. The main disadvantage is that it may increase system interference (pollution) by amplifying both the signal and noise.

[0172] (2) Rel-17 WI's RF repeater (RAN4) (Rel-17 WI on RF repeater (RAN4))

[0173] The RF repeater is specified in Rel-17 of RAN4 for the FR1 band FDD / TDD and the FR2 band. Only RF requirements are included in the Rel-17 WI (Work Item Description). It is clearly stated in the RAN4 WI that "it is assumed that the repeater does not perform adaptive beamforming towards the UE".

[0174] (3) Rel-18 Network controlled repeater for NR

[0175] Coverage is a fundamental aspect of cellular network configuration. Mobile operators provide overall coverage based on various types of network nodes. Regular full-stack cell configuration is an option, but is not always possible (e.g., when there is no backhaul availability) and may not be economically affordable.

[0176] As a result, new types of network nodes are considered to improve the network configuration flexibility of mobile communication operators. For example, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) was introduced in Rel-16 as a new type of network node that does not require a wired backhaul and was improved in Rel-17. Another type of network node is an RF repeater that simply amplifies and forwards all received signals. RF repeaters are widely deployed to supplement the coverage provided by regular full-stack cells in 2G, 3G and 4G.

[0177] RF repeaters provide a cost-effective means of extending network coverage, but are limited. RF repeaters simply perform amplification and forwarding operations without considering various factors that can improve performance. Such factors include information about semi-static and / or dynamic downlink / uplink configurations, adaptive transmitter / receiver spatial beamforming, ON-OFF status, etc.

[0178] Network Controlled Repeaters (NCRs) are better than existing RF repeaters in receiving and processing side control information from the network. Side control information enables network controlled repeaters to perform amplification and forwarding operations in a more efficient manner. Potential advantages include mitigating the amplification of unnecessary noise, achieving better spatial directional transmission and reception, and simplifying network integration.

[0179] Regarding the study of Network Controlled Repeaters (NCR), the focus will be on the following scenarios and assumptions.

[0180] Network controlled repeaters are in-band RF transponders used to extend network coverage in the FR1 and FR2 bands. The FR2 configuration specifies priorities for both outdoor and O2I scenarios.

[0181] The network controls the relay transparently to the UE.

[0182] The network controls the relay to maintain both the base station-relay link and the relay-UE link.

[0183] Cost-effectiveness is a core consideration for network controlled repeaters.

[0184] It is necessary to study and identify the following side control information.

[0185] Beamforming information, timing information for aligning the transmit and receive boundaries of network control repeaters, UL-DL TDD configuration information, ON-OFF information for effective interference management and improving energy efficiency, power control information for effective interference management, etc.

[0186] It is necessary to study and identify the L1 / L2 signals (including corresponding configuration) used for transmitting side control information. From the management aspect of network control repeaters, it is necessary to study the identification and authentication of network control repeaters.

[0187] It can be considered that NCR is composed of RU and MT.

[0188] Fig.12 An example of a topology in which NCR performs transmission and reception between a base station and a UE is shown.

[0189] Reference Fig.12 , there are CU and / or DU in the base station, and NCR is connected to the base station. NCR is composed of MT and RU.

[0190] The RU consists of only the RF layer. The RU receives the signal sent by the base station at the RF end and forwards it to the UE, and receives the signal sent by the UE at the RF end and forwards it to the base station.

[0191] The RU only forwards signals between the base station and the UE, and cannot autonomously generate signals / channels and send them to the base station / UE or receive signals / channels from the base station / UE for detection.

[0192] In order to forward the received signal, the RU may consider adjusting the transmit and receive beam direction, DL / UL direction, ON / OFF, transmit (Tx) power, etc. at the RF end. However, the operation of such RU cannot be determined by the NCR itself and is completely controlled by the base station.

[0193] The MT includes an RF layer and an L1 layer, an L2 layer and / or an L3 layer. For example, the MT is composed of only the RF layer and the L1 layer or the L1 / L2 layers. Alternatively, the MT may be composed of the RF layer and the L1 / L2 / L3 layers.

[0194] The MT detects / receives a signal / channel sent by the base station, and generates and sends a signal / channel to the base station. In addition, the MT receives information required to control the operation of the RU (ie, side control information) from the base station. No transmission or reception is performed between the MT and the UE.

[0195] Fig.13 is a diagram comparing the operation of NCR and existing RF repeaters.

[0196] Reference Fig.13 (a), in the case of the existing RF repeater, beamforming that applies all (omni)-directions or fixed directions is performed. On the other hand, Fig.13 As shown in (b), in the NCR, the Tx / Rx beam direction of the NCR is adaptively adjusted according to the position of the UE and the channel condition of the UE, so as to obtain a beamforming gain.

[0197] In the case of existing RF repeaters, it is impossible to distinguish between DL / UL directions in the TDD system and always perform transmission and reception in the DL and UL directions simultaneously. Or only a fixed TDD configuration is applied to perform switching between the DL direction and the UL direction in a specified time pattern. On the other hand, in the NCR, the TDD configuration is considered and the DL / UL switching is performed by the NCR. As a result, the DL / UL operation is performed adaptively, reducing the power waste and interference caused by forwarding unnecessary signals.

[0198] In the case of existing RF repeaters, the power of received signals is always amplified and forwarded regardless of whether the base station and UE send signals. This wastes power unnecessarily and increases interference to the surroundings. In the case of NCR, ON / OFF operation is performed, and when there is no signal to be forwarded to the base station / UE, the operation of RU is turned off and unnecessary signals are not forwarded.

[0199] In the case of existing RF repeaters, the power of the received signal is amplified at a fixed ratio and then forwarded. In the case of NCR, when transmitting a signal with unnecessary high power, the transmission power of the NCR is reduced, thereby reducing the impact of interference generated in the surroundings, and when transmitting a signal with low power, the transmission power of the NCR is increased, so that the signal is stably forwarded to the receiver.

[0200] In the case of the existing RF repeater, the operation is performed without knowing the DL / UL time slot boundary. On the other hand, in the case of NCR, in order to adaptively adjust the beamforming, ON / OFF, DL / UL direction, Tx power, etc. as described above, the NCR needs to know the DL and UL transmission and reception boundaries. Therefore, different RU operations are applied according to each unit time (e.g., time slot / symbol).

[0201] Fig.14Illustrate the links between the base station, NCR and UE.

[0202] Reference Fig.14 , NCR includes NCR-MT (=MT) and NCR-Fwd (=RU).

[0203] NCR-MT is defined as a functional entity that communicates with a base station (gNB) via a control link (C-link) in order to exchange information (e.g. side control information). The C-link is based on the NR Uu interface.

[0204] The side control information is information used for at least NCR-Fwd control.

[0205] NCR-Fwd is defined as a functional entity that performs amplification and forwarding of UL / DL RF signals between a base station and a user equipment (UE) through a backhaul link and an access link. The operation of NCR-Fwd is controlled according to side control information received from the base station.

[0206] The contents of the present disclosure are recorded assuming operations in the NCR. However, the contents of the present disclosure may also be applied to devices instead of NCR. For example, the contents of the present disclosure may be applied in order to perform operations of the RIS. For this purpose, the NCR mentioned in the present disclosure may be replaced by the RIS and expanded / interpreted. In this case, the RU performs the role of forwarding signals from the base station to the UE and forwarding signals from the UE to the base station in the RIS, and the MT performs the role of receiving side control information from the base station for controlling the signal transmission of the RU.

[0207] Hereinafter, the term network may be interpreted as being replaced by base station or CU / DU. In addition, the term base station may be interpreted as being replaced by network, CU or DU.

[0208] In the NCR, in order to forward the signal received by the RU, the RF side may consider adjusting the transmit / receive beam direction, DL / UL direction, ON / OFF state, transmit power, etc. However, the operation of the RU cannot be determined by the NCR itself, but can be fully controlled by the base station. To this end, the MT may receive information required to control the operation of the RU (i.e., side control information) from the base station. At least some or all of the side control information may be conveyed through L1 / L2 signaling (such as DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_8), MAC-CE).

[0209] The side control information may include, for example, all or part of the following information.

[0210] 1) Beamforming information. This refers to information about the Tx / Rx beam direction of the RU. Such information includes beam directions about UL Tx from the base station, DL Rx from the base station, DL Tx to the UE, and / or UL Rx from the UE.

[0211] 2) Timing information to align transmission / reception boundaries of network-controlled repeater. This refers to the information used by the RU to align the Tx / Rx time slot or symbol boundaries.

[0212] 3) Information on UL-DL TDD configuration This indicates information about the DL / UL direction of the RU.

[0213] 4) ON-OFF information for efficient interference management and improved energy efficiency. This indicates information about the ON-OFF operation of the RU.

[0214] 5) Power control information for efficient interference management. This refers to information about the transmit power of the RU. Such information includes the UL transmit power to the base station and / or the DL transmit power to the UE.

[0215] Different side control information is applied according to each time resource. In this case, it is necessary to indicate the side control information according to each time resource.

[0216] When it is assumed that the side control information is transmitted through MAC-CE and / or DCI, the side control information may be transmitted through different MAC-CE and / or DCI for each time resource unit. In this case, there is a burden of transmitting the side control information for each time resource unit. In view of this, when the side control information is transmitted once, the side control information for multiple time resource units may be indicated.

[0217] A method for indicating a Tx power amplification gain value for adjusting the Tx power of a network control repeater (NCR) when operating in an NR environment is described below.

[0218] Unlike conventional RF repeaters, the NCR considers the amplification gain value for adjusting the transmission power in comparison with the reception power in the NCR-Fwd for the forwarded signal.

[0219] In order to control the transmission power of NCR-Fwd, the transmission power value of NCR-Fwd can be controlled, and / or the amplifying gain value of the transmission power of NCR-Fwd relative to the receiving power can be controlled. In other words, when the transmission power (Tx_power) of NCR-Fwd is "Tx_power (dBm) = Rx_power (dBm) + amplifying_gain (dB)", the transmission power of NCR-Fwd can be adjusted by directly setting or determining the Tx_power value of NCR-Fwd, and / or by setting or determining the amplifying_gain value.

[0220] The present disclosure is described based on adjusting the transmission power of NCR-Fwd by adjusting the amplification gain value of NCR-Fwd. However, the present disclosure can also be applied to adjusting the transmission power of NCR-Fwd instead of adjusting the amplification gain value.

[0221] The amplification gain value of the transmission power applied by the NCR-Fwd may be determined by the NCR-Fwd through a specific standard / method, or may be set by the base station / indicated to the NCR-MT.

[0222] The transmission power of NCR-Fwd includes the DL transmission power to the access link and the UL transmission power to the backhaul link. The adjustment of the transmission power amplification gain value applied by NCR-Fwd can only be performed on the DL transmission power and / or UL transmission power of NCR-Fwd.

[0223] For example, if the amplification gain value is adjusted only for the UL transmission power of the NCR-Fwd, a fixed amplification gain may be applied to the DL transmission power, and a different amplification gain value may be applied to the UL transmission power according to circumstances.

[0224] When adjusting the amplification gain value applied by NCR-Fwd to both DL transmission power and UL transmission power, the amplification gain value for DL ​​transmission power and the amplification gain value for UL transmission power can be set / determined independently of each other. Alternatively, the same amplification gain value can be applied to both DL transmission power and UL transmission power.

[0225] NCR may have a static characteristic. Therefore, it is expected that the amplification gain value of the transmission power determined to properly adjust the coverage of the NCR will not change frequently. Therefore, it may be desirable to determine the amplification gain value of the NCR-Fwd as static or semi-static by default.

[0226] However, there may be signals affected by interference from signals forwarded by NCR-Fwd. When NCR-Fwd performs downlink transmissions on the access link, the presence of victim UEs interfered by these downlink transmissions and the strength of interference received by the victim UEs may vary depending on the situation.

[0227] Therefore, in view of this, it is possible to consider adjusting the power intensity of downlink transmission based on the amount of interference to the victim UE and the existence of the victim UE. For example, if the interference effect is large, the downlink transmission can be performed with low transmission power, and if the interference effect is small, the transmission can be performed with high transmission power.

[0228] Furthermore, when the NCR-Fwd performs uplink transmission to the backhaul link, the presence of uplink transmission interfered by the uplink transmission and the intensity of the interference may vary depending on the situation.

[0229] Therefore, in view of this, it is possible to consider adjusting the power intensity of the uplink transmission sent by NCR-Fwd to the backhaul according to the amount of interference to the uplink transmission sent to another UE. For example, if the interference effect is large, the uplink transmission can be performed with a small transmission power, and if the interference effect is small, the transmission can be performed with a large transmission power.

[0230] As described above, the presence of UEs affected by interference and the presence of traffic on these UEs may change dynamically due to the transmission of NCR-Fwd. Therefore, a method for dynamically adjusting the amplification gain may also be required.

[0231] In view of this, the present disclosure proposes that NCR-Fwd generally performs DL / UL transmission by applying a default amplification gain value, but adjusts the amplification gain value with a dynamic offset value according to interference conditions, as described below.

[0232] <Default Amplification Gain>

[0233] If the default amplification gain value applied by the NCR-Fwd is set, the NCR-Fwd determines that this is the amplification gain value it applies to the forwarding operation.

[0234] The default amplification gain value may exist or be set independently of the value for DL-Tx and the value for UL-Tx. Specifically, the NCR may determine the default amplification gain as follows.

[0235] Option 1. Network Settings

[0236] The default amplification gain value applied to NCR-Fwd may be a value set by the base station for NCR-MT. These settings may be configured, for example, via RRC signaling.

[0237] In this case, a default amplification gain value applied to DL-Tx and a default amplification gain value applied to UL-Tx may be independently set. Alternatively, one default amplification gain value may be commonly applied to DL-Tx and UL-Tx.

[0238] Specifically, if NCR-Fwd is performing DL-Tx, these settings may be configured differently depending on the DL-Tx beam to the access link and / or the DL-Rx beam to the backhaul link. And / or, if NCR-Fwd is performing UL-Tx, these settings may be configured differently depending on the UL-Rx beam to the access link and / or the UL-Tx beam to the backhaul link.

[0239] Option 2. NCR determination

[0240] The default amplification gain value applied to NCR-Fwd can be a value determined based on the DL receiving power of NCR-MT and / or the UL transmitting power of NCR-MT, that is, when the DL receiving power of NCR-MT and / or the UL transmitting power of NCR-MT can be used as a reference for determining the default amplification gain of NCR-Fwd, the default amplification gain value of NCR-Fwd can be determined / calculated based on the reference.

[0241] <Amplifier gain offset>

[0242] NCR can additionally set an offset value (i.e., an amplification gain offset) for the amplification gain. When NCR-Fwd is configured with an amplification gain offset value, NCR-Fwd can determine the default amplification gain applied by it plus the amplification gain offset as the final amplification gain applied by it. That is, NCR can be configured with an offset value of the amplification gain compared to the default amplification gain, and the default amplification gain + amplification gain offset value can be determined as the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd.

[0243] Alternatively, the NCR may be configured with an offset value compared to the previously applied amplification gain. When the amplification gain offset value applied by the NCR-Fwd is set, the NCR-Fwd may determine the final amplification gain as a value of adding the amplification gain offset to the previously applied amplification gain.

[0244] That is, the NCR may be configured with an offset value of the amplification gain compared to the previous amplification gain, and the (previous) amplification gain + amplification gain offset value may be determined as the new amplification gain applied by the NCR-Fwd. This may mean that the cumulative value of the default amplification gain + a plurality of amplification gain offsets (which may be expressed as ∑ amplification gain offsets) is determined as the amplification gain applied by the NCR-Fwd.

[0245] In this case, when NCR-Fwd is configured with a default amplification gain, it determines this value as the amplification gain. When the accumulated value of the amplification gain offset configured after the default amplification gain is set is called ∑ amplification gain offset, the default amplification gain + ∑ amplification gain offset is determined as the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd.

[0246] The amplification gain offset value can be set independently for DL-Tx and UL-Tx.

[0247] The amplification gain offset value applied to the NCR-Fwd may be a value indicated by the base station to the NCR-MT. The indication may be relatively dynamically indicated by MAC-CE and / or DCI, etc.

[0248] <Application time resource of amplification gain offset value>

[0249] When the amplification gain offset value applied to the NCR-Fwd is set, the time resource for applying the amplification gain value may be determined as follows.

[0250] In one approach, if the NCR-MT receives instructions / configurations for the amplification gain offset value to be applied to the NCR-Fwd from the base station, the NCR-Fwd may apply the amplification gain offset value as follows. To this end, the following method may be specifically applied.

[0251] Option 1. When the amplification gain offset value is indicated to the NCR-MT in time slot #n, the time resource for applying the amplification gain offset value may be equal to time slot #n + k. In this case, the k value may be defined as a specific fixed value in the standard specification.

[0252] Alternatively, the k value may be a value set by the base station / indicated to the NCR-MT. The k value may be set independently of the setting of the amplification gain offset value, through RRC / MAC-CE, etc. Alternatively, the k value may also be indicated through MAC-CE / DCI, etc. together with the indication of the amplification gain offset value.

[0253] At this time, the k value may be composed of a plurality of values. That is, the indicated amplification gain offset value may be applied to a group of time slots, and the position of the time slot corresponding to the group of time slots may be indicated.

[0254] Option 2. When the amplification gain offset value is set to be applied to NCR-Fwd, the amplification gain offset value may be applied until a point at which a new amplification gain offset value is set and applied.

[0255] That is, when an amplification gain offset value is indicated to the NCR-MT at time slot #n, the amplification gain value may be applied starting from time slot #n+k.

[0256] At this time, the value of k can be defined as a specific fixed value in the standard specification.

[0257] Alternatively, the value of k (=k value) may be a value set by the base station / indicated to the NCR-MT. The k value may be set by RRC / MAC-CE, etc., independently of the setting of the amplification gain offset value. Alternatively, the k value may be indicated together with the indication of the amplification gain offset value by MAC-CE / DCI, etc.

[0258] Option 3. For a group of multiple time slots, the amplification gain offset value applied to each time slot can be indicated. In this case, NCR-Fwd can apply the amplification gain offset value corresponding to the time slot at each time slot position.

[0259] At this time, for the time period in which the applied amplification gain offset value is not indicated, NCR-Fwd can determine that the default amplification gain is the applied amplification gain. In other words, it can be determined that the amplification gain offset value is equal to 0.

[0260] Alternatively, if the amplification gain offset value applied to NCR-Fwd is preset by NCR-MT from the base station, and NCR-MT receives an instruction from the base station to trigger the application of the amplification gain offset value, then NCR-Fwd can apply the amplification gain offset value as follows. In this case, the amplification gain offset value applied to NCR-Fwd can be set by NCR-MT from the base station via RRC, MAC-CE, etc. In addition, the application / trigger signaling of the configured amplification gain offset value can be instructed from the base station to NCR-MT via MAC-CE and / or DCI. Specifically, the following method can be applied for this purpose.

[0261] Option 1. When the NCR-MT receives a trigger signaling for applying the amplification gain offset value in time slot #n, it may apply the amplification gain offset value in time slot #n+k.

[0262] At this time, the value of k (=k value) may be defined as a specific fixed value in the standard specification.

[0263] Alternatively, the k value may be included in the trigger signaling and indicated from the base station to the NCR-MT.

[0264] At this time, the k value may be composed of a plurality of values. That is, the amplification gain offset value may be applied to a group of time slots and may indicate the position of the time slot corresponding to the group of time slots.

[0265] At this time, for the time period in which the application of the amplification gain offset value is not triggered, the NCR-Fwd can determine that the default amplification gain is the applied amplification gain. In other words, it can be determined that the amplification gain offset value is equal to 0.

[0266] When the amplification gain offset value applied to NCR-Fwd is set, the amplification gain offset value may not be applied by subsequent time resources, that is, subsequent time resources will always assume that the amplification gain offset value is equal to zero, and will assume that the default amplification gain is the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd.

[0267] Option 1: The amplification gain offset value may not be applied to symbol resources carrying certain cell-specific signals / channels or time slot resources including symbol resources carrying certain cell-specific signals / channels.

[0268] These cell-specific signals / channels may include SS / PBCH blocks, periodic CSI-RS, and / or CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for DL ​​Tx.

[0269] In case of UL Tx, these cell specific signals / channels may include RACH occasions. This is because in these time resources, it is important that the coverage area where the signal forwarded by the NCR-Fwd is sent remains stable and does not change dynamically.

[0270] Option 2. The base station may set information about time resources to which the amplification gain offset value is not applied to the NCR-MT. For example, the information about these time resources may be applied periodically. To this end, information about the time period of the time resources to which the amplification gain offset value is not applied and the position of the "time slot" or "time slot group" within the time period to which the amplification gain offset value is not applied may be set.

[0271] <Amplification gain offset value range>

[0272] The range of amplification gain offset values ​​that may be indicated to NCR-Fwd may be as follows.

[0273] Option 1. NCR-Fwd performs transmission at a default gain value by default, but the gain can be reduced by applying a gain offset value at a resource where the transmission of NCR-Fwd is determined to have an interference effect on adjacent resources. Taking this into account, the gain offset value that can be applied to NCR-Fwd can be composed of a value less than zero or a value less than or equal to zero.

[0274] Option 2. NCR-Fwd performs transmission at a default gain value by default, but the gain can be increased by applying a gain offset value in resources where it is determined that the transmission of NCR-Fwd will not interfere with the surrounding environment. With this in mind, the gain offset value that can be applied to NCR-Fwd can be composed of a value greater than zero or a value greater than or equal to zero.

[0275] Option 3. Considering the advantages of Option 1 and Option 2, the amplification gain offset value applicable to NCR-Fwd may be configured to include both positive and negative values.

[0276] A method for indicating a transmit power amplification gain value for adjusting the transmit power of a network control repeater (NCR) when operating in an NR environment is described below.

[0277] As described above, unlike conventional RF repeaters, NCR considers adjusting the amplifying gain value of the transmission power of NCR-Fwd relative to the receiving power of NCR-Fwd for the forwarded signal. In order to adjust such transmission power of NCR-Fwd, the transmission power value of NCR-Fwd may be adjusted, and / or the amplifying gain value of the transmission power of NCR-Fwd relative to the receiving power may be adjusted. In other words, when the transmission power (Tx_power) of NCR-Fwd is defined as "Tx_power (dBm) = Rx_power (dBm) + amplifying_gain (dB)", the transmission power of NCR-Fwd may be adjusted by directly setting or determining the Tx_power value of NCR-Fwd, and / or by setting or determining the amplifying_gain value.

[0278] The following description adjusts the transmission power of NCR-Fwd based on adjusting the amplification gain value of NCR-Fwd. However, the present disclosure may also be applicable to adjusting the transmission power of NCR-Fwd instead of the amplification gain value.

[0279] The amplification gain value of the transmission power applied by the NCR-Fwd may be determined by the NCR-Fwd through a specific standard / method, or may be set by the base station / indicated to the NCR-MT.

[0280] The transmission power of NCR-Fwd includes DL transmission power on the access link and UL transmission power on the backhaul link. The transmission power amplification gain value applied by NCR-Fwd may be adjusted only for DL ​​transmission power and / or UL transmission power of NCR-Fwd.

[0281] For example, if the amplification gain value is adjusted only for the UL transmission power of the NCR-Fwd, a fixed amplification gain may be applied for the DL transmission power, and the amplification gain value may be varied according to circumstances only for the UL transmission power.

[0282] When adjusting the amplification gain value applied by NCR-Fwd for both DL transmission power and UL transmission power, the amplification gain value for DL ​​transmission power and the amplification gain value for UL transmission power can be set / determined independently of each other. Alternatively, the same amplification gain value can be applied to both DL transmission power and UL transmission power.

[0283] In this case, the amplification gain value of the NCR-Fwd may be differently applied depending on the beam to which the NCR-Fwd is applied, as shown below.

[0284] <Applying independent amplification gain value for each beam of the access link applied to NCR-Fwd>

[0285] When NCR-Fwd performs downlink transmission to the access link, the presence or absence of a victim UE affected by the interference of the downlink transmission and the intensity of the interference received by the victim UE may vary depending on the downlink beam direction applied. In view of this, it is possible to consider controlling the power level of the downlink transmission according to the amount of interference to the victim UE. When the interference effect is large, the downlink transmission can be performed with a low transmission power, and when the interference effect is small, the transmission can be performed with a high transmission power.

[0286] In addition, the coverage of the target cell may vary depending on the downlink beam direction. When the cell operates in an environment with complex terrain and many obstacles, the target coverage of NCR-Fwd may vary depending on the direction of the beam for downlink transmission.

[0287] In this case, it may be necessary to perform transmission using different transmission powers for different downlink beam directions of NCR-Fwd. Alternatively, transmission using the same transmission power for all downlink beam directions of NCR-Fwd may have different coverage depending on the channel environment and the presence of obstacles. In this case, it may be necessary to perform transmission in different downlink beam directions of NCR-Fwd using different transmission powers to achieve the same coverage.

[0288] When NCR-Fwd receives an uplink signal on the access link and performs a forwarding operation to perform an uplink transmission on the backhaul link, the reception power of the UL signal received by NCR-Fwd may vary depending on the uplink Rx (receive) beam direction applied to the access link. This is because the transmit power of the UE may be different, and the path loss and channel environment between the UE and the NCR may be different for each UE. Therefore, in order to deliver a UL signal with the same quality to the base station, it may be necessary to perform uplink transmission of the backhaul link by applying different transmit powers to each uplink Rx beam direction of the NCR-Fwd.

[0289] In view of these points, the present disclosure proposes to set / apply different DL transmission power and / or amplification gain values ​​for DL ​​Tx of the access link to NCR-Fwd according to the DL Tx (transmission) beam direction of the access link to NCR-Fwd.

[0290] And / or, the present disclosure proposes to set / apply different UL transmit powers and / or amplification gains for the UL Tx of the backhaul link to the NCR-Fwd according to the UL Rx beam direction of the access link to the NCR-Fwd.

[0291] According to the present disclosure, NCR may operate as follows.

[0292] When the NCR-Fwd forwards the DL signal received from the backhaul link to the access link for transmission, it applies the amplification gain value to determine the transmission power of the DL signal to the access link.

[0293] At this time, the amplification gain value may be determined according to the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link through which the NCR-Fwd forwards the received DL signal.

[0294] To this end, the NCR-MT may be configured with / indicated an amplification gain value from the base station, and the amplification gain value may have different values ​​depending on the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link through which the NCR-Fwd forwards the DL signal. That is, the amplification gain value applied by the NCR-Fwd may be set / indicated for each DL-Tx beam direction of the access link through which the NCR-Fwd forwards the DL signal.

[0295] When the NCR-Fwd forwards a DL signal in a specific DL-Tx beam direction, it performs DL transmission by applying an amplification gain value corresponding to the DL-Tx beam direction.

[0296] When NCR-Fwd forwards and sends the UL signal received from the access link to the backhaul link, it applies the amplification gain value to determine the transmission power of the UL signal sent to the backhaul link. At this time, the amplification gain value can be determined by the UL-Rx beam direction of the access link for the UL signal forwarded by NCR-Fwd to the backhaul link.

[0297] To this end, the NCR-MT can receive an amplification gain value from the base station, and the amplification gain value can have different values ​​depending on the UL-Rx beam direction through which the NCR-Fwd receives the UL signal access link, that is, the amplification gain value applied by the NCR-Fwd can be set / indicated for each UL-Rx beam direction through which the NCR-Fwd receives the UL signal access link.

[0298] When the NCR-Fwd receives a UL signal in a specific UL-Rx beam direction and forwards it toward a backhaul link, the NCR-Fwd applies an amplification gain value corresponding to the UL-Rx beam direction to perform UL transmission.

[0299] In this case, it can be assumed that there is a beam correspondence between DL transmission and UL reception on the access link of NCR-Fwd.

[0300] In this case, the UL-Rx beam of NCR-Fwd can be indicated by indicating the DL-Tx beam of NCR-Fwd. If a specific DL-Tx beam is indicated to indicate the UL-Rx beam of NCR-Fwd, it may mean that UL-Rx is performed using the same beam as the corresponding DL-Tx beam. That is, in order to set / indicate the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd according to the UL-Rx beam direction of NCR-Fwd, the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd according to the DL-Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd can also be set / indicated. NCR-Fwd performs UL transmission by applying the amplification gain value of the DL-Tx beam corresponding to the UL-Rx beam direction according to the UL-Rx beam direction of the access link that receives the UL signal.

[0301] At this time, the DL-Tx beam direction can represent the following meanings.

[0302] Option 1. Beam Indexing

[0303] In order to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link for NCR-Fwd, a beam index may be used. That is, the DL-Tx beam direction may be indicated by a logical beam index. There is a corresponding beam index for each DL-Tx beam direction, so the DL-Tx beam direction may be indicated by indicating the beam index.

[0304] Option 2.TCI Status ID

[0305] In order to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link for NCR-Fwd, the TCI state ID can be used. That is, by indicating the TCI state ID, the DL-Tx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd can be indicated. To this end, the TCI state of the access link for NCR-Fwd can be defined, and the DL reference signal (RS, such as SSB, CSI-RS) used as the source of each TCI state can be defined. At this time, the Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd corresponding to each TCI state can be the same as the beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd when sending a DL RS as a source on the access link.

[0306] Option 3. SSB Index

[0307] In order to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link for NCR-Fwd, the SSB index and / or CSI-RS index may be used. That is, by indicating the SSB index and / or CSI-RS index, the DL-Tx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd may be indicated. In this case, the Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd corresponding to each SSB index and / or CSI-RS index may be the same as the beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd when sending the corresponding SSB index (corresponding to SSB) and / or CSI-RS index (corresponding to CSI-RS) on the access link.

[0308] <Applying independent amplification gain value to each beam of the backhaul link applied to NCR-Fwd>

[0309] Since channel conditions such as path loss between the base station and the NCR differ depending on the downlink beam direction of the backhaul link of the NCR-Fwd, the DL transmission power required to obtain the same coverage may be different when the NCR-Fwd forwards the DL signal. In this case, it may be necessary to perform transmission by applying the DL transmission power of the access link differently for each downlink beam direction of the backhaul link for the NCR-Fwd.

[0310] When NCR-Fwd performs uplink transmission on the backhaul link, the presence or absence of uplink transmission affected by the interference of the uplink transmission of NCR-Fwd and the intensity of the interference may vary depending on the applied uplink transmission beam direction. In view of this, it can be considered that NCR-Fwd adjusts the power level of the uplink transmission sent to the backhaul according to the amount of interference caused by the uplink transmission sent by other UEs. For example, when the interference effect is large, the uplink transmission can be performed with a low transmission power, and when the interference effect is small, the transmission can be performed with a high transmission power.

[0311] In consideration of this, the present disclosure proposes to differently set / apply a DL transmission power and / or amplification gain value of DL Tx for an access link of NCR-Fwd depending on a DL Rx beam direction for a backhaul link of NCR-Fwd.

[0312] And / or, the present disclosure proposes to differently set / apply the UL transmission power and / or amplification gain value of the UL Tx of the backhaul link for the NCR-Fwd according to the UL Tx beam direction of the backhaul link for the NCR-Fwd.

[0313] To this end, in the present disclosure, NCR may operate as follows.

[0314] When the NCR-Fwd forwards the DL signal received from the backhaul link to the access link for transmission, it applies the amplification gain value to determine the transmission power of the DL signal to be sent to the access link. At this time, the amplification gain value can be determined by the DL-Rx beam direction relative to the backhaul link receiving the DL signal to be forwarded by the NCR-Fwd.

[0315] To this end, the NCR-MT may be configured with / indicated an amplification gain value from the base station, and the amplification gain value may have different values ​​depending on the DL-Rx beam direction of the backhaul link through which the NCR-Fwd receives the DL signal to be forwarded. That is, the amplification gain value applied by the NCR-Fwd may be set / indicated for each DL-Rx beam direction of the backhaul link that receives the DL signal to be forwarded by the NCR-Fwd.

[0316] NCR-Fwd performs DL transmission by applying an amplification gain value corresponding to a DL-Rx beam direction when forwarding a DL signal received from a specific DL-Rx beam direction from a backhaul link to an access link.

[0317] When the NCR-Fwd forwards and sends the UL signal received from the access link to the backhaul link, the NCR-Fwd applies the amplification gain value to determine the transmission power of the UL signal sent to the backhaul link. At this time, the amplification gain value can be determined by the UL-Tx beam direction of the UL signal forwarded by the NCR-Fwd to the backhaul link.

[0318] To this end, the NCR-MT may be configured with / indicated an amplification gain value from the base station, and the amplification gain value may have different values ​​depending on the UL-Tx beam direction of the backhaul link through which the NCR-Fwd sends the UL signal. That is, the amplification gain value applied by the NCR-Fwd may be set / indicated for each UL-Tx beam direction of the backhaul link through which the NCR-Fwd sends the UL signal.

[0319] When the NCR-Fwd forwards the UL signal received from the access link to a specific UL-Tx beam direction on the backhaul link, the NCR-Fwd applies an amplification gain value corresponding to the UL-Tx beam direction to perform UL transmission.

[0320] In this case, it can be assumed that there is a beam correspondence between DL reception and UL transmission on the backhaul link of NCR-Fwd. In this case, by indicating the DL-Rx beam of NCR-Fwd, the UL-Tx beam of NCR-Fwd can be indicated. When a specific DL-Rx beam is indicated to indicate the UL-Tx beam of NCR-Fwd, it can be indicated that UL-Tx is performed using the same beam as the DL-Rx beam. That is, in order to set / indicate the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd for each UL-Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd, the amplification gain applied by NCR-Fwd can be set / indicated for each DL-Rx beam direction of NCR-Fwd instead of the UL-Tx beam direction. NCR-Fwd performs UL transmission by applying the amplification gain value of the DL-Rx beam corresponding to each UL-Tx beam direction of the access link that receives the UL signal.

[0321] At this time, the DL-Rx beam direction can represent the following meanings.

[0322] Option 1.TCI Status ID

[0323] In order to indicate the DL-Rx beam direction of the return link for NCR-Fwd, the TCI state ID can be used. That is, by indicating the TCI state ID, the DL-Rx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd can be indicated. At this time, the TCI state ID refers to the ID of the TCI state set to the NCR-MT for the sending and receiving operations on the control link (C link) of the NCR-MT. At this time, the Rx beam direction of the NCR-Fwd corresponding to each TCI state can be the same as the beam direction applied by the NCR-MT when receiving the DL RS as the source on the control link.

[0324] Option 2. SSB Index

[0325] In order to indicate the DL-Rx beam direction of the return link for NCR-Fwd, the SSB index and / or CSI-RS index may be used. That is, the DL-Rx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd may be indicated by indicating the SSB index and / or CSI-RS index. At this time, the Rx beam direction of NCR-Fwd corresponding to each SSB index and / or CSI-RS index may be the same as the beam direction applied when NCR-MT receives the SSB / CSI-RS corresponding to the SSB index and / or CSI-RS index from the control link.

[0326] At this time, the UL-Tx beam direction can represent the following meanings.

[0327] Option 1. SRI

[0328] In order to indicate the UL-Tx beam direction of the backhaul link for NCR-Fwd, SRI (SRS Resource Indicator) can be used. That is, by indicating SRI, the UL-Tx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd can be indicated. At this time, the Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd corresponding to each SRI can be the same as the beam direction applied by NCR-MT when sending the SRS corresponding to the SRI on the control link.

[0329] Fig.15 A method of operating a device in a system is illustrated.

[0330] Reference Fig.15 , the device may be an NCR or a relay device as described above. As described above, the NCR includes an NCR-MT (mobile terminal) and an NCR-Fwd (forwarding). The device performs an initial access process to the network S151. The initial access process refers to Fig.10 However, in some embodiments, the device may be installed without initial access to the network. For example, if the device is a non-mobile relay node, it may always be connected to a specific base station / cell, in which case it may not perform a general initial access procedure.

[0331] The device receives configuration information for setting an amplification gain value for an access link from a network (S152).

[0332] According to the implementation manner, the configuration information may indicate a corresponding amplification gain value for each downlink transmission beam direction of the access link or each uplink reception beam direction of the access link.

[0333] For example, if the downlink transmission beam direction of the access link is indicated by beam index #1, beam index #2, ..., beam index #N, the configuration information may indicate the amplification gain value corresponding to each beam index. For example, the beam index and the amplification gain may be provided in pairs, such as {beam index #1, amplification gain #1}, {beam index #2, amplification gain #2}, ..., {beam index #N, amplification gain #N}. Alternatively, the beam index and the amplification gain may be provided as a list of beam indices and a list of amplification gain values, with the entries in each list corresponding to each other in order.

[0334] Here, in addition to the beam index, the transmit beam direction may also be related to (or associated with) a transmit configuration indication (TCI) state identifier (ID) or a synchronization signal block (SSB) index ( / CSI-RS index). In this case, the amplification gain value corresponding to the TCI state ID or SSB index (or CSI-RS index) may be indicated by the above configuration information.

[0335] The device determines a transmit power value on the access link based on the configuration information, wherein the amplification gain value depends on the direction of the transmit beam on the access link (S153).

[0336] When the transmit beam direction is related (associated) with the beam index, for example, in order to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link for NCR-Fwd, the beam index can be used. That is, the DL-Tx beam direction can be indicated by the logical beam index. Since there is a corresponding beam index for each DL-Tx beam direction, the DL-Tx beam direction can be indicated by indicating the beam index.

[0337] When the transmit beam direction is related (associated) with the TCI state ID, the TCI state ID can be used, for example, to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link for NCR-Fwd. That is, by indicating the TCI state ID, the DL-Tx beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd can be indicated. To this end, the TCI state for the access link of NCR-Fwd can be defined, and the DL reference signal (RS: such as SSB, CSI-RS) used as the source of each TCI state can be defined. At this time, the Tx beam direction of NCR-Fwd corresponding to each TCI state can be the same as the beam direction applied by NCR-Fwd when sending the DL RS as the source on the access link.

[0338] When the transmit beam direction is related to the SSB index, for example, the SSB index and / or the CSI-RS index can be used to indicate the DL-Tx beam direction of the access link used for the NCR-Fwd. That is, the DL-Tx beam direction applied by the NCR-Fwd can be indicated by indicating the SSB index and / or the CSI-RS index. At this time, the Tx beam direction of the NCR-Fwd corresponding to each SSB index and / or CSI-RS index can be the same as the beam direction applied by the NCR-Fwd when sending the corresponding SSB index (corresponding SSB) and / or CSI-RS index (corresponding CSI-RS) on the access link.

[0339] The transmission beam direction in the access link may refer to the downlink transmission beam direction of the access link, and may also be the same as the uplink reception beam direction of the access link.

[0340] In some embodiments, after receiving the default amplification gain value from the network, the device may be configured with the amplification gain offset value through configuration information. In this case, the transmit power value in the access link may be determined as the sum of the default amplification gain value and the amplification gain offset value.

[0341] The above-mentioned amplification gain offset value can be independently set as a first value for the device to perform downlink transmission in an access link between the device and the UE and a second value for the device to perform uplink transmission in a backhaul link between the device and the network.

[0342] In an embodiment, the device may receive configuration information including an amplification gain offset value from the network at a second time point after receiving the first amplification gain value from the network at a first time point. In this case, the transmit power value for the access link may be determined as the sum of the first amplification gain value and the amplification gain offset value.

[0343] When the above-mentioned device is an NCR, the amplification gain value may be applied to determine a transmission power value when the NCR-Fwd transmits (DL Tx) a downlink signal received from the backhaul link on the access link.

[0344] In addition, the amplification gain value may be applied to determine a transmission power value when the NCR-Fwd transmits (UL Tx) an uplink signal received from the access link on the backhaul link.

[0345] Fig.16 An example of determining an amplification gain value according to a transmission beam direction in an access link is shown. Fig.16 It is an application Fig.15 A specific example of the method.

[0346] Reference Fig.16, the base station (gNB) provides configuration information to the NCR (repeater) to inform it of the amplification gain (or amplification gain offset).

[0347] For example, assume that the NCR has four candidate DL Tx beams available for use in the access link, that is, assume that any one of DL Tx beams #1 to #4 can be used. In this case, the configuration information may indicate a corresponding amplification gain or amplification gain offset for each candidate beam.

[0348] The base station may inform the NCR which beam index it uses for each time resource.

[0349] Specifically, the NCR-Fwd may transmit or receive only after the NCR-MT receives on the control link an indication of one or more beams for the NCR-Fwd to use for transmitting or receiving on the corresponding one or more time resources on the access link.

[0350] For example, the NCR may receive a TDD UL-DL configuration (eg, “tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon” and / or “tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated”) from the network via the NCR-MT.

[0351] NCR-Fwd is i) received on the backhaul link or ii) sent on the access link only in symbols indicated as downlink by the TDD UL-DL configuration.

[0352] NCR-Fwd is only i) received on the access link or ii) sent on the backhaul link in symbols indicated as uplink by the TDD UL-DL configuration.

[0353] When the NCR receives via both the control link and the backhaul link in a group of symbols at the same time, the TCI state for reception on the backhaul link is the same as the TCI state for reception on the control link in the group of symbols. When the NCR transmits via both the control link and the backhaul link in a group of symbols at the same time, the spatial filter for transmission on the backhaul link is the same as the spatial filter for transmission on the control link in the group of symbols.

[0354] When the NCR does not receive on the control link and the backhaul link simultaneously, its behavior may be as follows.

[0355] i) If the NCR does not support determining the TCI state for reception on the backhaul link based on an indication of the TCI state by the serving cell, or if the NCR does not receive an indication of the TCI state, then for reception on the backhaul link, 1) if the NCR does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for reception for NCR-MT, the reception on the backhaul link uses the same QCL parameters as the QCL parameters for PDCCH reception in the CORESET with the lowest ID, 2) otherwise, the reception on the backhaul link uses the QCL parameters provided by the indicated unified TCI state for reception for NCR-MT.

[0356] ii) Otherwise, reception on the backhaul link uses the QCL parameters provided by the TCI status in the MAC CE.

[0357] When NCR is not sent on the control link and the backhaul link simultaneously, its behavior may be as follows.

[0358] i) If the NCR does not support determining the spatial filter for transmission on the backhaul link based on an indication of a unified TCI state or SRI by the serving cell, or if the NCR-MT does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state or SRI for determining the spatial filter for transmission on the backhaul link, then 1) if the NCR does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmission of the NCR-MT, the transmission on the backhaul link uses the same spatial filter as the spatial filter associated with the PUCCH resource with the smallest PUCCH resource ID in the PUCCH resource set, 2) otherwise, the transmission on the backhaul link uses the spatial filter corresponding to the indicated unified TCI state for transmission of the NCR-MT.

[0359] ii) Otherwise, the transmission on the backhaul link uses the spatial filter corresponding to the unified TCI state or SRI provided by the MAC CE.

[0360] NCR-Fwd uses the same beam to transmit and receive on the access link during the corresponding time resources associated with the beam.

[0361] A list of resource sets for transmission or reception on the access link may be provided to the NCR. The resource sets in the list of resource sets are provided by the periodic forwarding resource set and occur at a specific period.

[0362] Resources from a resource set are provided by pairs of i) a time resource and ii) a beam with an index.

[0363] The time resource starts at a time slot that is offset by the indicated time slot from the start of the time period for the resource set and at a symbol that is offset by the indicated symbol from the start of the time slot and has an indicated / configured duration for the indicated SCS.

[0364] A list of resource sets used for transmission or reception on the access link may be provided to the NCR through an RRC message, and the MAC CE command may indicate a resource set that the NCR is to use or stop using among the resource sets in the list.

[0365] The NCR-MT may be configured to monitor the PDCCH according to the USS set to detect the DCI format 2_8 with the CRC scrambled by the NCR-RNTI. The time resource and the corresponding beam index for transmission or reception on the access link are indicated by the corresponding field in the DCI format 2_8.

[0366] DCI format 2_8 is a DCI format used to notify non-periodic beam indication and associated time resources, and is a DCI format with a CRC scrambled by NCR-RNTI.

[0367] DCI format 2_8 may include N beam indices and N time resource indications. The N beam indices are sequentially associated with the N time resource indications in a one-to-one mapping manner. N is configured by a high-level parameter. The size of DCI format 2_8 can be up to 128 bits.

[0368] When the NCR detects more than one DCI format 2_8 indicating beam indices for overlapping time resources in a group of symbols, the NCR uses the beam index indicated by the DCI format 2_8 detected by the NCR-MT in the most recent PDCCH monitoring for the group of symbols.

[0369] If a first time resource included in a semi-persistent forwarding resource set is indicated by a MAC CE command and is associated with a first beam index, and a second time resource included in a periodic forwarding resource set is provided and is associated with a second beam index, and the first time resource overlaps with the second time resource in a resource symbol set, the NCR applies the first beam index to transmission or reception on the access link in the symbol set.

[0370] If a first time resource is included in a periodic forwarding resource set or a persistent forwarding resource set and is associated with a first beam index, and a second time resource is indicated by DCI format 2_8 and is associated with a second beam index provided by DCI format 2_8, and the first time resource overlaps with the second time resource in the symbol set, the NCR applies i) the first beam index for transmission or reception on the access link in the symbol set, if the periodic forwarding resource set or the persistent forwarding resource set includes a priority flag (priorityFlag), and ii) the second beam index, if the periodic forwarding resource set or the persistent forwarding resource set does not include a priority flag (priorityFlag).

[0371] NCR does not anticipate that overlapping time resources provided by a periodic forwarding resource set or a persistent forwarding resource set are associated with different beam indices.

[0372] In some implementations, a Transmit Configuration Indicator (TCI) state may be set for transmissions on the access link of the NCR-Fwd.

[0373] NCR can be configured to use, for example, DL Tx beam #2 in a specific time resource. In this case, the transmission power value of DL Tx beam #2 can be determined using the amplification gain #2 corresponding / associated / related to DL Tx beam #2, and then DL Tx beam #2 can be transmitted at this transmission power value.

[0374] According to an embodiment, a default amplification gain value for NCR may be given in advance, and an amplification gain offset #2 for DL ​​Tx beam #2 may be given based on configuration information. In this case, the transmit power value of DL Tx beam #2 is determined by adding the amplification gain offset #2 corresponding / associated / related to DL Tx beam #2 to the default amplification gain value, and then DL Tx beam #2 may be transmitted at the transmit power value.

[0375] According to the method disclosed in the present invention, the amplification gain value can be adjusted according to the forwarding beam direction of the repeater (NCR) to provide sufficient coverage. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem that the NCR causes unnecessary interference or fails to properly send signals when performing forwarding operations. For example, it is assumed that there are many geographical obstacles in the beam direction of DL Tx beam #1 of the access link, so the transmission power needs to be increased, and there are few geographical obstacles in the beam direction of DL Tx beam #2, so there is no need to increase the transmission power. In this case, the signal can be forwarded with appropriate transmission power depending on whether the UE is in the direction of DL Tx beam #1 or in the direction of DL Tx beam #2.

[0376] Fig.17 A wireless device suitable for use in this specification is exemplified.

[0377] Reference Fig.17 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can send / receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0378] The first wireless device 100 includes at least one processor 102 and at least one memory 104, and may also include at least one transceiver 106 and / or at least one antenna 108. The processor 102 may be configured to control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flows disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then may transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. In addition, the processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and may store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102, and may store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software codes including instructions for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flow diagrams disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a radio communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and may send and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 108. The transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be replaced by a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0379] The processor 102 may be included in the NCR, and the NCR includes a network control repeater (NCR)-mobile terminal (MT) and an NCR-forwarding (Fwd). The processor 102 executes: receiving configuration information for setting an amplification gain value for an access link from a network, and determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the setting information. Here, the amplification gain value is determined according to a transmit beam direction in the access link.

[0380] The second wireless device 200 includes at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204, and may also include at least one transceiver 206 and / or at least one antenna 208. The processor 202 may be configured to control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and implement the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate a third information / signal, and then may transmit a radio signal including the third information / signal through the transceiver 206. In addition, the processor 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth information / signal through the transceiver 206, and may store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202, and may store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software codes including instructions for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 202 or for executing the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a radio communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and may send and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 208. The transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be replaced by an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0381] The processor 202 may be included in a base station. The processor 202 sends configuration information for setting an amplification gain value for an access link to an NCR-MT of an NCR including an NCR (Network Control Transponder)-MT (Mobile Terminal) and an NCR-Fwd (Forwarding). The amplification gain value is determined according to a transmission beam direction in the access link.

[0382] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 are described in detail. At least one protocol layer may be implemented by, but is not limited to, at least one processor 102 and 202. For example, at least one processor 102 and 202 may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as a PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP layer). The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate at least one protocol data unit (PDU) and / or at least one service data unit (SDU) according to the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed herein. At least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operation flowchart disclosed herein. At least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the function, process, proposal, and / or method disclosed herein, and may provide the signal to at least one transceiver 106 and 206. At least one processor 102 and 202 can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver 106 and 206 and obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein.

[0383] At least one processor 102 and 202 may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. At least one processor 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor 102 and 202. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented as at least one computer readable medium (CRM) including instructions executed by at least one processor.

[0384] That is, the CRM performs the following steps, which include: receiving configuration information for setting the amplification gain value for the access link from the network, and determining the transmission power value in the access link based on the setting information. Here, the amplification gain value is determined according to the transmission beam direction in the access link.

[0385] The description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to execute the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be included in at least one processor 102 and 202, or may be stored in at least one memory 104 and 204 and may be executed by at least one processor 102 and 202. The description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or instruction sets.

[0386] At least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to at least one processor 102 and 202 and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. At least one memory 104 and 204 may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk drive, register, cache, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. At least one memory 104 and 204 may be disposed inside and / or outside of at least one processor 102 and 202. In addition, at least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to at least one processor 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0387] At least one transceiver 106 and 206 can send user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in this article to at least one different device. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in this article from at least one different device. For example, at least one transceiver 106 and 206 can be connected to at least one processor 102 and 202, and can send and receive radio signals. For example, at least one processor 102 and 202 can control at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to send user data, control information or radio signals to at least one different device. In addition, at least one processor 102 and 202 can control at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information or radio signals from at least one different device. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may be connected to at least one antenna 108 and 208, and may be configured to send or receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed herein through at least one antenna 108 and 208. In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or may be a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels from RF band signals into baseband signals so as to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor 102 and 202. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using at least one processor 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0388] Fig.18 An example of the structure of the signal processing module is shown in FIG. Here, the signal processing can be performed in Fig.17 is executed in processors 102 and 202.

[0389] Reference Fig.18 , a transmitting device in a UE or a BS (e.g., a processor, a processor and a memory, or a processor and a transceiver) may include a scrambler 301, a modulator 302, a layer mapper 303, an antenna port mapper 304, a resource block mapper 305, and a signal generator 306.

[0390] The transmitting device may transmit one or more codewords. The coded bits in each codeword are scrambled by the corresponding scrambler 301 and transmitted on the physical channel. The codeword may be referred to as a data string and may be equivalent to a transport block which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.

[0391] The modulator 302 may modulate the scrambled bits into complex-valued modulation symbols. The modulator 302 may modulate the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is not limited, and the coded data may be modulated using m-PSK (m-phase shift keying) or m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation). The modulator may be referred to as a modulation mapper.

[0392] The complex-valued modulation symbols may be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper 303. The complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer may be mapped by an antenna port mapper 304 to be transmitted on an antenna port.

[0393] Each resource block mapper 305 can map the complex-valued modulation symbol for each antenna port to an appropriate resource element in a virtual resource block allocated for transmission. The resource block mapper can map the virtual resource block to a physical resource block according to an appropriate mapping scheme. The resource block mapper 305 can allocate the complex-valued modulation symbol for each antenna port to an appropriate subcarrier and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbol according to the user.

[0394] Each signal generator 306 can modulate a complex-valued modulation symbol, i.e., an antenna-specific symbol, for each antenna port according to a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)) to generate a complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signal. The signal generator can perform IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the antenna-specific symbol, and can insert a CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the time-domain symbol on which IFFT has been performed. The OFDM symbol is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, and then sent to the receiving device through each transmitting antenna. The signal generator may include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0395] Fig.19 Another example of the structure of the signal processing module in the transmitting device is shown. Fig.17 Signal processing is performed in a processor of a UE / BS such as the processors 102 and 202 of the UE / BS.

[0396] Reference Fig.19 , a transmitting device (e.g., a processor, a processor and a memory, or a processor and a transceiver) in a UE or a BS may include a scrambler 401, a modulator 402, a layer mapper 403, a precoder 404, a resource block mapper 405, and a signal generator 406.

[0397] The sending device may scramble the coded bits in the codeword through the corresponding scrambler 401, and then send the scrambled coded bits through the physical channel.

[0398] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by the modulator 402. The modulator may modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is not limited, and π / 2-BPSK (π / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) may be used to modulate the encoded data.

[0399] The complex-valued modulation symbols may be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper 403 .

[0400] The complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer may be precoded by the precoder 404 so as to be transmitted on the antenna port. Here, the precoder may perform transform precoding on the complex-valued modulation symbols and then perform precoding. Alternatively, the precoder may perform precoding without transform precoding. The precoder 404 may process the complex-valued modulation symbols according to MIMO using multiple transmit antennas to output antenna-specific symbols and assign the antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper 405. The output z of the precoder 404 may be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 403 by the N×M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of layers.

[0401] Each resource block mapper 405 maps the complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate resource elements in the virtual resource block allocated for transmission.

[0402] The resource block mapper 405 may allocate complex-valued modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbols according to users.

[0403] Each signal generator 406 can modulate the complex-valued modulation symbol according to a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM) to generate a complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signal. The signal generator 406 can perform IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the antenna-specific symbol, and can insert a CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the time-domain symbol that has been subjected to IFFT. The OFDM symbol is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, and then sent to the receiving device through each transmitting antenna. The signal generator 406 may include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0404] The signal processing process of the receiving device may be the inverse process of the signal processing process of the transmitting device. Specifically, the processor of the transmitting device decodes and demodulates the RF signal received through the antenna port of the transceiver. The receiving device may include multiple receiving antennas, and the signals received by the receiving antennas are restored to baseband signals, which are then multiplexed and demodulated according to MIMO to be restored to data strings intended to be sent by the transmitting device. The receiving device may include: a signal recovery unit that restores the received signal to a baseband signal; a multiplexer that is used to combine and multiplex the received signals; and a channel demodulator that is used to demodulate the multiplexed signal string into corresponding codewords. The signal recovery unit, the multiplexer, and the channel demodulator may be configured as an integrated module or an independent module for performing their functions. More specifically, the signal recovery unit may include: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting an analog signal into a digital signal; a CP removal unit for removing CP from the digital signal; a FET module for applying FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to the signal from which the CP has been removed to output a frequency domain signal; and a resource element demapper / equalizer for restoring the frequency domain symbol to an antenna specific symbol. The antenna specific symbol is restored to a transmission layer by a multiplexer, and the transmission layer is restored to a codeword intended to be sent by a transmitting device by a channel demodulator.

[0405] Fig. 20 An example of a wireless communication device according to an implementation example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0406] Reference Fig. 20 , a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) may include at least one of a processor 2310 such as a digital signal processor (DSP) or a microprocessor, a transceiver 2335, a power management module 2305, an antenna 2340, a battery 2355, a display 2315, a keyboard 2320, a global positioning system (GPS) chip 2360, a sensor 2365, a memory 2330, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card 2325, a speaker 2345, and a microphone 2350. A plurality of antennas and a plurality of processors may be provided.

[0407] The processor 2310 may implement the functions, processes, and methods described in this specification. Fig. 20 The processor 2310 in may be Fig.17 Processors 102 and 202 in.

[0408] The memory 2330 is connected to the processor 2310 and stores information related to the operation of the processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and connected to the processor through various technologies such as wired connection and wireless connection. Fig. 20The memory 2330 may be Fig.17 The memories 104 and 204 in FIG.

[0409] The user can input various types of information such as a phone number using various techniques such as pressing a button of the keypad 2320 or starting a voice using the microphone 2350. The processor 2310 can receive and process the user information and perform appropriate functions such as making a call using the input phone number. In some scenarios, data can be obtained from the SIM card 2325 or the memory 2330 to perform appropriate functions. In some scenarios, the processor 2310 can display various types of information and data on the display 2315 for the convenience of the user.

[0410] The transceiver 2335 is connected to the processor 2310 and transmits and / or receives RF signals. The processor can control the transceiver to start communication or transmit RF signals including various types of information or data such as voice communication data. The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver for sending and receiving RF signals. Antenna 2340 can facilitate the transmission and reception of RF signals. In some implementation examples, when the transceiver receives an RF signal, the transceiver can forward the signal and convert it to a baseband frequency for processing performed by the processor. The signal can be processed by various techniques such as conversion into audible or readable information so as to be output through the speaker 2345. Fig. 20 The transceiver in can be Fig.17 The transceivers 106 and 206 in FIG.

[0411] Although in Fig. 20 Although not shown in the figure, various components such as a camera and a universal serial bus (USB) port may be additionally included in the UE. For example, the camera may be connected to the processor 2310.

[0412] Fig. 20 is an example of an implementation method for a UE, and the implementation example of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The UE does not necessarily need to include Fig. 20 That is, some of the components (e.g., keyboard 2320, GPS chip 2360, sensor 2365, and SIM card 2325) may not be essential components. In this case, they may not be included in the UE.

[0413] Fig.21 Another example of a wireless device is shown.

[0414] according to Fig.21 , the wireless device may include at least one processor 102 , 202 , at least one memory 104 , 204 , at least one transceiver 106 , 206 , and one or more antennas 108 , 208 .

[0415] Fig.17 An example of a wireless device described in Fig.21 The example of the wireless device described in the embodiment is different in that the processors 102 and 202 and the memories 104 and 204 are in Fig.17 are separate in Fig.21 In the example of , the memories 104 and 204 are included in the processors 102 and 202. That is, the processor and the memory may constitute a chipset.

[0416] Fig. 22 Another example of a wireless device applied to the present specification is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services.

[0417] Reference Fig. 22 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Fig.17 The wireless device 100 and 200 may be configured by various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Fig.17 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the storage unit 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the storage unit 130. In addition, the control unit 120 can send the information stored in the storage unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through the wireless / wired interface, or store the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through the wireless / wired interface in the storage unit 130.

[0418] The additional component 140 may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the following forms without limitation: a robot ( Fig.23 100a), vehicles ( Fig.23 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Fig.23 100c), handheld device ( Fig.23100d), household appliances ( Fig.23 100e), IoT devices ( Fig.23 100f), digital broadcast UE, hologram device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, fintech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Fig.23 400), BS( Fig.23 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, the wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed place.

[0419] exist Fig. 22 In the wireless devices 100 and 200, all of the various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit / part and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be constructed by a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 may be constructed by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. For another example, the storage unit 130 may be constructed by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0420] Fig.23 The communication system 1 applied to this specification is exemplified.

[0421] Reference Fig.23, the communication system 1 applied to the present specification includes a wireless device, a base station (BS) and a network. Herein, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR)) or long term evolution (LTE)), and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, but is not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices may include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head mounted devices (HMDs), head up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smart phones, computers, wearable devices, home appliance devices, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters. For example, a BS and a network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0422] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BS / network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). In addition, an IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0423] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS200 or BS200 / BS200. Herein, wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication) or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device can send / receive radio signals to each other through wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b can send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping) and at least a portion of the resource allocation process can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0424] NR supports multiple parameter sets (or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS) ranges) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15kHz, it supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, it supports dense cities, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth; when the SCS is 60kHz or higher, it supports bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0425] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). The value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 5. For ease of description, FR1 in the frequency range used for the NR system may refer to "a range below 6 GHz", and FR2 may refer to "a range above 6 GHz" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0426] [Table 5]

[0427] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 450MHz–6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz–52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0428] As illustrated above, the value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 6 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0429] [Table 6]

[0430] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410MHz–7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz–52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0431] The claims disclosed in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or performed in a device, and the technical features in the device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. In addition, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or performed in a device. In addition, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method.

Claims

1. A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: receiving configuration information from the network to set an amplification gain value for the access link; as well as determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the configuration information, The amplification gain value is determined according to the transmission beam direction in the access link.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: A default amplification gain value is received from the network.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The configuration information informs the amplifier gain offset value, and The transmit power value is the sum of the default amplification gain value and the amplification gain offset value.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The amplification gain offset value is independently set to a first value for downlink transmission of the apparatus on an access link between the apparatus and a user equipment UE and a second value for uplink transmission of the apparatus on a backhaul link between the apparatus and the network.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: A first amplification gain value is received from the network at a first point in time.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The device receives the configuration information including the amplification gain offset value from the network at a second time point, and wherein the transmit power value is the sum of the first amplification gain value and the amplification gain offset value.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmitting beam direction is related to the beam index, the transmitting configuration indication TCI state identifier ID, the synchronization signal block SSB index or the channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS index.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The device comprises a network control forwarder NCR-mobile terminal NCR-MT and an NCR-forwarder NCR-Fwd.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The NCR-Fwd applies the amplification gain value to determine a transmission power value when a downlink signal received from a backhaul link is transmitted on the access link.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The NCR-Fwd applies the amplification gain value to determine a transmission power value when an uplink signal received from an access link is transmitted on a backhaul link.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission beam direction in the access link is a downlink transmission beam direction of the access link or an uplink reception beam direction of the access link.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The configuration information notifies a corresponding amplification gain value of each downlink transmission beam direction of the access link or each uplink reception beam direction of the access link.

13. A device, comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory; as well as at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, Wherein, the at least one processor is adapted to: receiving configuration information from the network to set an amplification gain value for the access link; and determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the configuration information, The amplification gain value is determined according to the transmission beam direction in the access link.

14. A device of a network control repeater NCR, the NCR comprising an NCR-mobile terminal NCR-MT and an NCR-forwarding NCR-Fwd, the device comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one memory, Wherein, the at least one processor is adapted to: receiving configuration information from the network to set an amplification gain value for the access link; and determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the configuration information, The amplification gain value is determined according to the transmission beam direction in the access link.

15. At least one computer readable medium CRM, the at least one computer readable medium CRM comprising instructions based on instructions executed by at least one processor, wherein: The CRM performs the following steps, which include: receiving configuration information from the network to set an amplification gain value for the access link; and determining a transmit power value in the access link based on the configuration information, The amplification gain value is determined according to the transmission beam direction in the access link.

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