A large-scale model of natural caving

Abstract

The application discloses a large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model, which comprises a model box body, the model box body is a detachable splicing box body, fixed angle steel columns are arranged on vertical sides of the box body, four corners of a bottom plate of the box body are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns, four side plates of the box body are respectively spliced and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connecting pieces, and bottom edges of the side plates are joined with side edges of the bottom plate to form the model box body; the bottom plate comprises a back plate for bearing pressure of ore particles in the model box body, a three-dimensional ore drawing opening is arranged in a middle region of the back plate, and a planar ore drawing opening is arranged along one side edge; detachable three-dimensional ore drawing baffles and planar ore drawing baffles are arranged on the bottom plate and are used for respectively closing the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening, and the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the planar ore drawing opening is selected to be opened according to specific experiments and is connected with an ore drawing structure. The application can well realize ore drawing simulation experiments of the natural caving method, has wide applicability, high practicability and simple operability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model and its experimental method, and belongs to the technical field of underground mine natural caving method mining experiments. BACKGROUND

[0002] Natural caving method refers to a kind of underground mining method that relies only on drawing and ore drawing to realize controllable and continuous caving of ore. Under the premise that the funnel spacing, funnel size and ore drawing equipment are coordinated, the funnel horizontal service life meets the production requirements, the natural caving method is one of the lowest cost underground mining methods. As a large-scale mining method with high technical requirements, its production capacity can even be comparable to that of open-pit mining method, and it is one of the most ideal methods for mining low-grade, deep-buried hard rock ore at present and in the foreseeable future.

[0003] The bottom structure parameters of the natural caving method are not only related to the stability of the bottom structure, but also closely related to the loss and dilution of the ore. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the bottom structure, the bottom structure parameters mainly depend on the ore drawing body shape parameters. For the research on the movement law of the bulk body and the shape of the ore drawing body in the caving method ore drawing process, the ore drawing physical model experiment method is one of the most commonly used and effective methods, and it has been widely used in many mines and scientific researches.

[0004] At present, the main object of the caving method ore drawing model research is usually the sublevel caving method (such as the multifunctional large-scale ore drawing model and its ore drawing simulation shovel disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 201521017615.1, the caving method end ore drawing model considering the edge wall effect disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 201910601654.2, and the adjustable parameter bottomless sublevel caving method plane ore drawing model and method disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 202211144543.1). The existing caving method ore drawing model research mainly focuses on the method and improvement technology of the model boundary problem. The caving method model and technology can generally adapt to the ore drawing model experiment for different ore body inclination angles, heights or different stoping parameters. However, the ore drawing model is limited by its framework on one hand, and due to the size problem, the similar ratio also needs to be larger when simulating the natural caving method, which leads to the need for a larger similar ratio of the model structure of the ore particle size parameters, and the smaller ore particle size further affects the ore drawing similar experimental results. In addition, the bottom ore drawing structure parameters of the existing ore drawing model are usually designed and manufactured according to the specific stope structure parameters. When the ore drawing structure parameters or shape change, the model needs to be redesigned or disassembled, which greatly reduces the experimental cost and efficiency. Therefore, in the face of natural caving method simulation experiments with higher caving height, the existing ore drawing model is limited by the model height and similar ratio, and it is difficult to be effectively used in natural caving method ore drawing similar simulation.

[0005] In addition, in the existing ore drawing model, on the one hand, the ore drawing model can only have one ore drawing mode, a three-dimensional ore drawing mode or a planar ore drawing mode, and if the ore drawing mode needs to be adjusted, the model needs to be redesigned or disassembled, on the other hand, for the three-dimensional ore drawing, the ore drawing process is usually an invisible process, and the movement of the ore scatter can only be obtained through indirect means. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present application is that the existing ore drawing model cannot meet the requirements of natural caving method simulation, and a large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model and an experimental method are provided, which are simple to operate and can realize natural caving method ore drawing simulation.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model, comprising a model box 5, the model box 5 is vertically fixed, the top is kept as an opening for loading ore particles, and the bottom is connected to an ore drawing structure, the model box 5 is a detachable splicing box, fixed angle steel columns are arranged on the vertical side edges of the box, the four corners of the bottom plate of the box are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns, the vertical edges of the four side plates of the box are spliced and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connecting pieces, and the bottom edges of the side plates are joined with the side edges of the bottom plate to form the model box; the bottom plate 59 comprises a back plate 591 for bearing the pressure of the ore particles in the model box, a three-dimensional ore drawing opening is arranged in the middle region of the back plate 591, and a planar ore drawing opening is arranged along one side edge, detachable three-dimensional ore drawing baffles 592 and planar ore drawing baffles 593 are arranged on the bottom plate 59 to close the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening respectively, and the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the planar ore drawing opening is selected to be opened according to the specific experiment and connected to the ore drawing structure 3.

[0009] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model, further, the angle steel columns comprise outer angle steels 57 and inner angle steels 58 arranged at equal distances, the vertical edges of the box side plates are embedded in the gap between the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58, and are fixed with the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58 through detachable connecting pieces, the inner and outer angle steels are used to position and fix the side plates of the model box, and the reliability and stability of the splicing structure of the model box are improved.

[0010] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model, further, a ring beam 56 is arranged transversely on the outer side of the model box 5, and the ring beam 56 is fixed with the angle steel columns and the box side plates through detachable connecting pieces, and the ring beam improves the pressure bearing strength of the side plates of the model box.

[0011] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the side plates of the box are spliced by a plurality of sub-side plates in the height direction, the sub-side plates are spliced at the ring beam 56 and spliced and fixed by being fixedly connected with the ring beam 56, and the side edges of the model box side plates can flexibly adjust the height of the model box.

[0012] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the front plate and the left and right side plates in the box side plate are made of transparent material, and the image data of the simulation of the ore particle ore drawing in the box is obtained by placing a high-speed camera 8 on the front of the model box; the rear plate in the box side plate is provided with a plurality of openable movable doors 55 along the height direction, which meet the image data acquisition, ore particle supplement and adjustment in the ore drawing process.

[0013] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the ore drawing structure 3 includes an ore drawing panel 32, an ore drawing connecting plate 33 and an ore drawing partition plate 34, the ore drawing panel 32 is embedded in the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the plane ore drawing opening on the bottom plate 59 of the model box, and is provided with an ore drawing opening 31 smaller than the ore drawing opening, the ore drawing connecting plate 33 is arranged outside the ore drawing panel 32 and fixedly connected with the bottom plate 59 through a detachable connecting piece, and the ore drawing partition plate 34 is arranged outside the ore drawing panel and forms an ore drawing channel extending and communicating with the ore drawing opening 31, and the bottom of the ore drawing channel is an ore outlet 36, the ore drawing structure and the bottom plate of the model box are detachably connected, which facilitates switching and adjusting between the three-dimensional ore drawing mode and the plane ore drawing mode, and through replacing the ore drawing structure with different sizes of ore drawing openings, the same model box can realize the ore drawing simulation experiment of different parameters of ore drawing openings.

[0014] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, it further includes displacement meters 9 buried in different ore particle height layers in the model box 5, the displacement meters 9 in the same ore particle height layer include a plurality of displacement sensors 93, and a layered displacement sensor array distributed in a vertical plane above the ore drawing opening is formed in the ore particle inside the model box, and the displacement sensors 93 are connected with a data collector 91 and a data storage 92 outside the model box through a signal transmission line.

[0015] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the displacement sensors 93 of the displacement meters 9 in the same layer are connected in series through a plurality of joints 94 to form a flexible chain, and pass through the model box from the opposite side plates corresponding to the height of the model box, and the plurality of displacement sensors connected in series are distributed in the model box above the ore drawing opening, the displacement meters 9 are fixed with one side plate and are arranged in sliding mode with the other side plate, so that the displacement meters can adapt to the displacement change caused by the settlement and collapse of the ore particles.

[0016] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the gantry of the lifting device 6 and the angle steel column of the model box 5 are fixedly connected, and are fixed on the concrete foundation 1 below the model box through integral pouring, the concrete foundation 1 is provided with a bearing platform 2 below the model box, ore drawing is carried out between the bearing platform and the bottom of the model box, and a support column 4 is arranged between the bearing platform 2 and the bottom plate of the model box 5, the gantry of the lifting device and the angle steel column of the model box are integrally poured and fixed with the concrete foundation, and the stability of the overall model structure is improved.

[0017] In the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application, further, the gantry of the lifting device 6 and the angle steel column of the model box 5 are fixedly connected, and are fixed on the concrete foundation 1 below the model box through integral pouring, the concrete foundation 1 is provided with a bearing platform 2 below the model box, ore drawing is carried out between the bearing platform and the bottom of the model box, and a support column 4 is arranged between the bearing platform 2 and the bottom plate of the model box 5, the gantry of the lifting device and the angle steel column of the model box are integrally poured and fixed with the concrete foundation, and the stability of the overall model structure is improved.

[0018] The present application has the following beneficial effects by adopting the above technical scheme:

[0019] (1) Compared with the existing ore drawing model, the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model of the present application adopts a splicable model box structure, the height of the model box can be adjusted to 3.85m, combined with the movable openings of the side plates of the model box and the lifting device, and ore drawing is completed through the lower structure, which meets the working conditions of ore loading and monitoring means such as marker particles at different heights, overcomes the problem that the traditional ore drawing model is difficult to be used for natural caving method ore drawing simulation due to the scale, and can meet the similar simulation conditions of natural caving method ore drawing under the condition of ensuring experimental safety and stability.

[0020] (2) The present application adopts a detachable bottom ore drawing structure, which can be installed at the bottom of the model box bottom plate by butt jointing the ore drawing structures at different positions, realizing similar simulation of planar ore drawing and three-dimensional ore drawing of the natural caving method, and the simulation experiment of different ore drawing port parameters can be carried out by replacing the ore drawing structures of different sizes, without the need to disassemble the model box or rebuild the model, which reduces the experimental cost and time cost caused by disassembly or model recasting, meets the three-dimensional ore drawing and two-dimensional ore drawing conditions, solves the problem that the ore drawing port parameters or positions of the general ore drawing model are difficult to change flexibly, and improves the simulation experiment efficiency of different ore drawing types in the natural caving method.

[0021] (3) The front plate and the two side plates of the model box side plate are made of transparent material, the high-speed camera records the ore drawing process and the movement process of the ore granules, and the natural caving method ore drawing simulation process is visualized.

[0022] (4) The present application only needs to disassemble and replace the side plates and ore drawing structures of the model box to switch and adjust the ore drawing parameters of the entire ore drawing model, so the present application can directly integrally cast and fix the angle steel columns and the lifting device of the model box in the concrete foundation, so that the entire model structure is more stable.

[0023] In summary, the large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model provided by the present application can well realize the ore drawing simulation experiment of the natural caving method, has the advantages of wide applicability, strong practicability and simple operability, can effectively realize the research and visualization of the movement state of the ore particles in the ore drawing experiment process, and has reference and guidance value for actual engineering.

[0024] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Front view of a large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model according to an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 Back view of a large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model according to an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 Front view of the model removing the lifting device according to an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 4 Rear view of the model removing the lifting device according to an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 5 Perspective view of the model box according to an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 6 Top view of the model box according to an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 Partial connection diagram between the angle steel columns and the side plates of the model box according to an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 And Figure 9 Two side views of the bottom plate of the model box according to an embodiment.

[0033] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional ore drawing structure used in the embodiment.

[0034] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a planar ore drawing structure used in the embodiment.

[0035] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the lifting device according to an embodiment.

[0036] Figure 13 A schematic diagram for image collection of the model ore drawing by a high-speed camera.

[0037] Figure 14 A front view of the model box interior arrangement of displacement meters in the embodiment.

[0038] Figure 15 A side view of the model box interior arrangement of displacement meters in the embodiment.

[0039] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the displacement meter in the embodiment.

[0040] Figure label: 1-concrete foundation, 2-pile cap, 3-ore drawing structure, 31-ore drawing opening, 32-ore drawing panel, 33-ore drawing connecting plate, 34-ore drawing partition plate, 35-plugging treatment opening, 36-ore outlet, 4-support column, 5-model box, 51-box left side plate, 52-box front plate, 53-box right side plate, 54-box back plate, 55-hinged door, 56-ring beam, 57-outer angle steel, 58-inner angle steel, 59-bottom plate, 591-back plate, 592-three-dimensional ore drawing baffle, 593-flat ore drawing baffle, 594-baffle connecting plate, 595-connecting bolt, 596-lock nut, 6-lifting device, 61-lifting column, 62-cross beam, 63-electric hoist, 64-lifting bucket, 7-crawling ladder, 8-high-speed camera; 9-displacement meter, 91-data collector, 92-data storage, 93-displacement sensor, 94-joint.

[0041] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making innovative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] EMBODIMENT

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a specific implementation scheme of a large-scale natural caving ore drawing model of the present application is shown, which specifically comprises a concrete foundation 1, a pile cap 2, an ore drawing structure 3, a support column 4, a model box 5, a lifting device 6 and a crawling ladder 7, wherein the concrete foundation 1 and the pile cap 2 are the foundation of the whole model, the model box 5 is fixedly arranged on the concrete foundation 1 and the pile cap 2, and is assisted by the support column 4 for support, the ore drawing structure 3 is arranged at the bottom of the model box 5, and the ore particles filled in the model box 5 are simulated for natural caving ore drawing operation, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the lifting device 6 and the ladder 7 are used to assist the filling of ore particles inside the model box 5.

[0044] Specifically, the model box 5 is the main structure for the natural caving simulation experiment in this embodiment. The model box 5 is vertically fixed on the concrete foundation 1 and the pile cap 2, the top is kept as an opening for loading ore particles, and the bottom is connected with the ore drawing structure 3, such as Figure 5 As shown, the model box 5 in this embodiment is a detachable splicing box, including four side plates and a bottom plate 59. The four vertical sides of the box are provided with fixed angle steel columns. The four corners of the bottom plate 59 are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns. The vertical sides of the four side plates of the box are respectively spliced and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connecting pieces such as bolts. The bottom edge of the side plate is engaged with the side edge of the bottom plate 59 to form the model box. As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the main body of the bottom plate 59 is a back plate 591 for bearing the pressure of the ore inside the model box. The middle area of the back plate 591 is provided with a three-dimensional ore drawing opening, and a planar ore drawing opening is provided along one of the side edges. The three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening are respectively closed by detachable three-dimensional ore drawing baffles 592 and planar ore drawing baffles 593 on the bottom plate 59. According to the specific experiment, the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the planar ore drawing opening is selected to be opened and connected with the ore drawing structure 3.

[0045] Specifically referring to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the angle steel columns of the model box include outer angle steels 57 and inner angle steels 58 arranged at equal distances. The vertical edges of the side plates of the box are embedded in the gap between the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58. The vertical edges of the side plates of the box and the outer angle steels and the inner angle steels are processed with aligned mounting holes. The side plates of the box are fixed with the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58 through detachable connecting pieces such as bolts.

[0046] Here, "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside and outside of the model box. The outer angle steels 57 are in contact with the outer side of the side plates of the box and are located on the outside of the model box. The inner angle steels are in contact with the inner side of the side plates of the box and are located on the inside of the model box. The four corners of the bottom plate 59 are embedded with the inner angle steels 58 of the four groups of angle steel columns, and the bottom edges of the side plates fixed with the angle steel columns are butt-jointed. The fixed connection between the support bracket provided on the angle steel column and the angle steel column is fixed and connected through welding. The side plates of the model box are positioned and fixed through the inner and outer angle steels, which improves the reliability and stability of the splicing structure of the model box.

[0047] A circle beam 56 is arranged transversely on the outer side of the model box 5. The circle beam 56 is formed by four profile steels arranged along the outer sides of the four side plates of the model box. The circle beam 56 is fixed to the angle steel columns and the side plates of the model box by means of detachable connecting members such as bolts. The circle beam 56 is connected to form a rectangle, which constrains the side plates of the model box. Multiple groups of circle beams 56 are arranged at different heights of the model box 5 to improve the pressure bearing strength of the side plates of the model box and further improve the stability of the model box.

[0048] The side plates of the model box are spliced by a plurality of sub-plates in the height direction. The sub-plates are spliced at the circle beam 56 and are fixed by being connected to the circle beam 56. The side plates of the model box are spliced by the sub-plates. The height of the model box 5 can be adjusted flexibly, and the ore drawing height can be adjusted quickly without the need to disassemble and install model boxes of different heights. The circle beam 56 provides a splicing and fixing position for the sub-plates.

[0049] The four side plates of the model box are a left side plate 51, a front plate 52, a right side plate 53, and a rear plate 54. The front plate 52, the left side plate 51, and the right side plate 53 are made of transparent acrylic plates, which can be used to observe the ore drawing process in the model box. A high-speed camera 8 is placed in front of the model box to obtain image data of the simulated ore particle drawing in the model box, as shown in Figure 13 The rear plate 54 is made of a metal plate. The rear plate 54 is provided with a plurality of openable movable doors 55 in the height direction. The movable doors 55 can be opened to level the ore heap in the model box during the process of filling the model box with ore particles.

[0050] In this embodiment, the bottom plate 59 of the model box is designed with a quick-switching and detachable ore drawing opening structure. As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the bottom plate 59 is the main force bearing structure in the process of ore heap drawing in the model box, and the back plate 591 adopts a metal plate with higher strength. A rectangular opening with a length of 30 cm and a width of 30 cm is cut in the central region of the back plate 591 as a three-dimensional ore drawing opening, and a rectangular opening with a length of 30 cm and a width of 15 cm is cut at the edge of the back plate 591 as a planar ore drawing opening. One of the long sides of the planar ore drawing opening is co-located with the back plate 591 and is arranged close to the front plate of the model box. Mounting holes are processed around the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening. The mounting holes are welded and fixed with lock nuts 596 on one side of the top surface of the back plate located in the model box. The three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 and the planar ore drawing baffle 593 are fixed with the back plate 591 on the other side of the bottom surface of the back plate located outside the model box through detachable connecting bolts 595, so as to respectively close the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening. The ore drawing baffles and the ore drawing structure can be conveniently disassembled and assembled from the bottom of the bottom plate. The three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 and the planar ore drawing baffle 593 are respectively processed into sizes capable of being embedded into the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening. The baffle connecting plates 594 are processed on the outside of the three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 and the planar ore drawing baffle 593. The through holes of the baffle connecting plates 594 are arranged in position with the mounting holes of the back plate. The connecting bolts 595 fix and connect the three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 and the planar ore drawing baffle 593 with the bottom plate 59 respectively through the baffle connecting plates 594.

[0051] The ore drawing opening of the bottom plate 59 of the model box is closed by the three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 and the planar ore drawing baffle 593. When the corresponding ore drawing simulation experiment is carried out, the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the planar ore drawing opening is selected to be opened and connected with the ore drawing structure 3. As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the ore drawing structure 3 connected with the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening has the same structure, and includes an ore drawing panel 32, an ore drawing connecting plate 33 and an ore drawing partition plate 34. The ore drawing panel 32 is embedded into the three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the planar ore drawing opening on the bottom plate 59 of the model box. The size of the ore drawing panel 32 corresponding to the three-dimensional ore drawing opening is the same as that of the three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592, and the size of the ore drawing panel 32 corresponding to the planar ore drawing opening is the same as that of the planar ore drawing baffle 593. The ore drawing panel 32 is provided with an ore drawing port 31 smaller than the ore drawing opening. The connection mode of the ore drawing structure with the ore drawing opening is the same as that of the ore drawing baffle. The ore drawing connecting plate 33 is arranged on the outside of the ore drawing panel 32 and fixes and connects the ore drawing panel 32 with the bottom plate 59 through the connecting bolts. Four ore drawing partition plates 34 are arranged on the outside of the ore drawing panel 32 through welding. The ore drawing partition plates 34 surround an ore drawing channel extending and communicating with the ore drawing port 31 on the ore drawing panel 32. The ore drawing channel is vertically downward. A notch is processed at the bottom of one of the ore drawing partition plates of the ore drawing channel to form an ore outlet 36. In addition, a blockage treatment port 35 is processed on the ore drawing partition plate above the ore outlet 36, so as to facilitate the dredging of the ore particles blocked in the inside of the ore drawing channel.

[0052] In actual application, the size of the stereoscopic ore drawing opening and the planar ore drawing opening on the bottom plate of the model box is fixed, a plurality of groups of ore drawing openings with different sizes can be arranged for the stereoscopic ore drawing structure and the planar ore drawing structure respectively, the ore drawing structure 3 is detachably connected with the bottom plate of the model box 5, and the stereoscopic ore drawing mode and the planar ore drawing mode can be switched and adjusted, and the ore drawing simulation experiment of the ore drawing opening with different parameters can be realized through the same model box by replacing the ore drawing structure with different sizes.

[0053] In combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 12 , the lifting device 6 for loading ore particles into the model box is arranged, the lifting device 6 includes a lifting column 61, a cross beam 62, an electric hoist 63 and a lifting bucket 64, the lifting column 61 and the cross beam 62 form a portal frame, the cross beam 62 is located above the top of the model box, the electric hoist 63 is slidably arranged on the cross beam 62, and the lifting bucket 64 is hung on the electric hoist 63. The lifting device in the form of a portal frame structure can quickly supplement ore in the model box, and the electric hoist 63 can be remotely controlled to freely slide on the cross beam 62.

[0054] The portal frame of the lifting device 6 and the angle steel column of the model box 5 are fixedly connected, and are integrally poured and fixed on the concrete foundation 1 below the model box. The concrete foundation 1 is provided with a bearing platform 2 below the model box, ore is drawn out from between the bearing platform and the bottom of the model box, and a support column 4 is arranged between the bearing platform 2 and the bottom plate of the model box 5, which assists in supporting the model box bottom plate filled with ore particles. The concrete foundation 1 is excavated downward from the ground by an excavator, and is integrally poured with the bottom of the angle steel column of the model box 6 using concrete, so as to ensure that the concrete foundation 1 is flush with the ground, and to transmit the weight of the model to the concrete foundation 1 through the angle steel column, so as to ensure the stability and durability of the model as a whole. The bearing platform 2 is also poured with concrete directly below the concrete foundation 1 and the bottom of the model box 5, and the bearing platform 2 improves the horizontal height of ore drawing to improve the convenience of ore drawing work.

[0055] Considering that the model is relatively high, a ladder 7 is arranged on one side of the model box in the embodiment, which facilitates experimental personnel to perform experimental operation on the model box, including model box splicing, auxiliary filling of ore particles and sensor arrangement. The ladder 7 is installed on one side of the rear plate of the model box, does not block the image acquisition of the model experiment by the camera, and is on the same side of the movable door arranged on the rear plate of the model box. The ladder is made of steel structure and is welded and fixed with the angle steel column of the model box.

[0056] The experimental operator loads the ore particles into the lifting bucket 64 on the ground, and controls the electric hoist 63 to lift the ore particle-filled lifting bucket 64 into the model box 5 and pour the ore particles into the model box 5, or the experimental operator directly pours the ore particles into the model box 5 through the box back plate 54 and opens the chase door 55, the experimental operator uses the ladder 7 and the chase door 55 to arrange the corresponding marker particles and displacement meters when the ore particles reach a certain height, and when the loading height of the ore particles and the overburden particles reaches the experimental requirement, the experimental operator can carry out the ore drawing operation through the pile cap 2 according to the experimental requirements at the ore drawing opening 31, and the drop funnel depth gradually increases with the decrease of the ore particles in the model box during the ore drawing process, the electric hoist 63 is used to control the lifting bucket 64 to load the overburden particles to supplement the model box top to fill the drop funnel, until the ore drawing experiment is completed, and the purpose of the similar experiment of the natural caving method is achieved.

[0057] In order to further accurately obtain the migration and range of the ore particles in the model during the ore drawing process of the natural caving method, the displacement meters 9 are buried in different ore height layers in the model box during the process of filling the ore particles in the model box, as shown in Figure 14 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the displacement meters 9 in the same ore height layer include a plurality of displacement sensors 93, which form a layered displacement sensor array distributed in the vertical plane above the ore drawing opening in the ore particles in the model box, and when the ore particles are drawn out from the bottom plate of the model box, the displacement meters 9 buried in the ore particles will be deformed with the descent of the ore particles. Since the displacement sensors are scattered at different heights in the model box, the relative displacement data of the overall deformation of the ore particles can be recorded, and the migration and range of the ore particles in different positions in the model during the ore drawing process of the natural caving method can be monitored in this way. The displacement sensors 93 are connected with the data collector 91 and the data storage 92 outside the model box through the signal transmission line.

[0058] To facilitate the deployment and retrieval of displacement gauges 9, in this embodiment, displacement sensors 93 of the same layer of displacement gauges 9 are connected in series to form a flexible chain via several joints 94. When the ore particles in the model box are filled to the height where the displacement gauges are installed, the entire displacement gauge 9 is directly inserted. It passes through the model box from the opposite side plate at the corresponding height, and the several displacement sensors 93 connected in series on it are directly distributed in the model box above the ore discharge opening. The displacement gauge 9 is fixed to one side plate and slidably set between it and the other side plate. That is, the diameter of the hole through which the displacement gauge passes on the side plate is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the displacement gauge, so that the displacement gauge can freely enter and exit through the hole, and the displacement gauge can adapt to the displacement changes caused by the settling and collapse of the ore particles. After all the displacement sensors 93 of the displacement gauge 9 are connected in series via joints 94, the signal transmission lines led out from all the displacement sensors 93 are wrapped together into a whole flexible chain. All signal transmission lines are led out from the side plate where the displacement gauge is fixed and connected to the data acquisition unit 91 and the data storage unit 92. During the ore particle discharge and collapse process inside the model box, the displacement sensor inside is driven to settle. The displacement gauge 9 slides through one side plate and is fixed to the opposite side plate to accommodate the bending deformation of the entire series displacement gauge 9 caused by the settlement of the series displacement sensors. The outer surface of the displacement gauge 9 after being wrapped is sealed with a plastic film with a low coefficient of friction, or a lubricant is applied to the displacement gauge 9 to reduce the coefficient of friction between it and the other side plate.

[0059] The following details the specific implementation steps of the natural caving method simulating ore release experiment in this embodiment.

[0060] The first step is to weld and detachably assemble the outer angle steel 57, inner angle steel 58, side plates and bottom plates 59 of the model box, and ring beam 56 to complete the assembly of the model box 5.

[0061] The second step is to assemble and weld the lifting column 61 of the lifting device 6 to the crossbeam 62 to complete the assembly of the gantry frame of the lifting device 6.

[0062] The third step is to excavate the construction pit for the concrete foundation 1 from the ground at the designated location, and to fix the angle steel column of the model box 5 and the lifting column 61 of the lifting device 6 vertically in the middle of the excavated foundation as a whole. Then, pour concrete into the construction pit until the concrete reaches the ground level and carry out the construction of the concrete foundation 1.

[0063] Fourth step: After the concrete foundation 1 has solidified, the foundation 2 is poured at the center of the concrete foundation 1 and directly below the model box 5.

[0064] The fifth step is to complete the assembly and welding of the ladder 7 and weld it to the angle steel column on the same side of the rear plate 54 of the model box 5.

[0065] Sixth step, select the required ore drawing structure 3, such as the three-dimensional ore drawing simulation experiment of natural caving method, remove the three-dimensional ore drawing baffle 592 at the center of the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5, select the ore drawing structure 3 for three-dimensional ore drawing, embed the ore drawing panel 32 of the ore drawing structure 3 into the three-dimensional ore drawing opening at the center of the bottom plate 59, and connect the bottom plate 59 and the ore drawing connecting plate 33 using connecting bolts; if it is a plane ore drawing simulation experiment of natural caving method, remove the plane ore drawing baffle 593 at the side of the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5, select the ore drawing structure 3 for plane ore drawing, embed the ore drawing panel 32 of the ore drawing structure 3 into the plane ore drawing opening at the side of the bottom plate 59, and connect the bottom plate 59 and the ore drawing connecting plate 33 using connecting bolts, complete the installation of the ore drawing structure. Then place the support column 4 between the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5 and the bearing platform 2.

[0066] Seventh step, install the electric hoist 63 on the cross beam 62, connect the hook of the electric hoist 63 with the lifting bucket 64, complete the assembly of the lifting device 6.

[0067] Eighth step, remotely control the electric hoist 63 of the lifting device 6 to lift the lifting bucket 64 filled with ore particles to the top of the model box 5 and pour into the box, or manually load the ore particles into the model box 5 through the movable type door 55 of the rear plate 54 of the box.

[0068] Ninth step, after the ore in the model box reaches a certain height, the experimental operator arranges the ore by climbing the ladder 7 and opening the movable type door 55, sets the marker particles or arranges the displacement meter 9, closes the movable type door 55 at this height after the arrangement is completed, and continues to load the ore until the ore in the model box reaches the specified height.

[0069] Tenth step, remotely control the electric hoist 63 to lift the lifting bucket 64 filled with overburden rock particles to above the ore particle heap in the model box 5 and pour into it, and sequentially cycle until the overburden rock particles reach the specified height.

[0070] Eleventh step, the experimental operator performs ore drawing operation at the ore outlet 36 of the ore drawing structure 3, and the overburden rock particles are lifted to the model using the electric hoist 63 to supplement the overburden rock particles in the model, and if it is a plane ore drawing simulation experiment, a high-speed camera 8 is arranged in front of the front plate of the model box to capture the image of the movement of the rock particles in the model box 5 during the ore drawing process.

[0071] Twelfth step, repeat the eleventh step until the overburden rock particles appear at the ore outlet, stop the ore drawing operation, and the model ore drawing operation is completed.

[0072] Thirteenth step, after the ore drawing is completed, remove the residual ore particles in the model box through the movable type door 55.

[0073] The fourteenth step is to remove the ore drawing structure 3 on the model bottom plate 59.

[0074] According to different experimental requirements, different ore drawing opening shapes or sizes of the ore drawing structure 3 can be selected, and the new ore drawing structure 3 is connected with the box bottom plate 59 through the ore drawing connecting plate 33. Compared with the existing ore drawing model, the method for adjusting the ore drawing opening parameters of the embodiment does not need to remove the model box or re-build the model, thereby reducing the experimental cost and time cost caused by removal or model re-casting, and effectively improving the experimental efficiency.

[0075] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship of "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the description of the present application, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element has a specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0076] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless there is a special indication and description, the terms "connection", "connection" can be understood as broad, such as fixed connection, integral connection, mechanical connection, electrical connection, intermediate medium spacing connection, etc. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any skilled person in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A large-scale model of natural caving, characterised in that: The model box (5) is vertically fixed, the top is kept as an opening for loading ore particles, and the bottom is connected with a ore discharging structure, The model box (5) is a detachable splicing box, the vertical side of the box is provided with fixed angle steel columns, the four corners of the bottom plate of the box are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns, the vertical sides of the four side plates of the box are spliced and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connectors, and the bottom edges of the side plates are joined with the side edges of the bottom plate to form the model box. The bottom plate (59) includes a back plate (591) for bearing the pressure of the ore particles in the model box, a three-dimensional ore discharging opening is arranged in the middle area of the back plate (591), a planar ore discharging opening is arranged along one side edge, detachable three-dimensional ore discharging baffles (592) and planar ore discharging baffles (593) are arranged on the bottom plate (59) to close the three-dimensional ore discharging opening and the planar ore discharging opening respectively, and the three-dimensional ore discharging opening or the planar ore discharging opening is selected to be opened according to specific experiments and connected with the ore discharging structure (3). The ore discharging structure (3) includes an ore discharging panel (32), an ore discharging connecting plate (33) and an ore discharging partition plate (34), the ore discharging panel (32) is embedded in the three-dimensional ore discharging opening or the planar ore discharging opening on the bottom plate (59) of the model box, and an ore discharging opening (31) smaller than the ore discharging opening is arranged on the ore discharging panel (32), the ore discharging connecting plate (33) is arranged outside the ore discharging panel (32) and fixedly connected with the bottom plate (59) through detachable connectors, and the ore discharging partition plate (34) is arranged outside the ore discharging panel to form an ore discharging channel extending and communicating with the ore discharging opening (31), and the bottom of the ore discharging channel is an ore discharging opening (36).

2. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The angle steel columns include outer angle steels (57) and inner angle steels (58) arranged at equal distances in double layers, the vertical edges of the box side plates are embedded in the gaps between the outer angle steels (57) and the inner angle steels (58), and are fixed with the outer angle steels (57) and the inner angle steels (58) through detachable connectors.

3. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 2, characterised in that: The lateral sides of the model box (5) are transversely provided with ring beams (56), and the ring beams (56) are fixed with the angle steel columns and the box side plates through detachable connectors.

4. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 3, characterised in that: The box side plates are spliced by a plurality of sub-side plates in the height direction, the sub-side plates are spliced at the ring beams (56) and fixed by being fixedly connected with the ring beams (56).

5. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The front plate and the left and right side plates in the box side plates are made of transparent materials, and high-speed cameras (8) are placed on the front of the model box to obtain image data of the simulated ore particle discharging in the box. The rear plate in the box side plates is provided with a plurality of openable movable doors (55) in the height direction.

6. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The model box (5) is further provided with displacement meters (9) embedded in different ore particle height layers, the displacement meters (9) in the same ore particle height layer include a plurality of displacement sensors (93), and the displacement sensors (93) form a layered displacement sensor array distributed in a vertical plane above the ore discharging opening in the ore particles in the model box, and the displacement sensors (93) are connected with a data collector (91) and a data storage (92) outside the model box through signal transmission lines.

7. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 6, characterised in that: The displacement sensors (93) of the same layer of displacement meters (9) are connected in series through several joints (94) to form a flexible chain, and pass through the model box from the corresponding height of the opposite side plates of the model box, and the several displacement sensors connected thereon are distributed in the model box above the ore drawing opening. The displacement meter (9) is fixed with one side plate and is arranged to slide between the other side plate.

8. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The lifting device (6) for loading ore particles into the model box is also included, which comprises a lifting column (61), a cross beam (62), an electric hoist (63) and a lifting bucket (64). The lifting column (61) and the cross beam (62) form a gantry, the cross beam (62) is located above the top of the model box, the electric hoist (63) is arranged to slide on the cross beam (62), and the lifting bucket (64) is hung on the electric hoist (63).

9. A large scale model of a natural draw system according to claim 8, characterised in that: The gantry of the lifting device (6) and the angle steel column of the model box (5) are fixedly connected, and are fixed on the concrete foundation (1) below the model box by integral pouring. The concrete foundation (1) is provided with a bearing platform (2) below the model box, the ore is drawn from between the bearing platform and the bottom of the model box, and a support column (4) is arranged between the bearing platform (2) and the bottom plate of the model box (5).

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