Dilution refrigerator intensifier, dilution refrigerator and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intensifier of a dilution refrigerator. The intensifier comprises an intensifier body, a heater, a hot film, an adsorbent and a connecting bracket, the middle part of one end of the intensifier body sinks inwards to form a mounting blind hole, the heater is connected in the mounting blind hole, and the other end of the intensifier body comprises a connecting hole communicated with the inside; the hot film is accommodated in the intensifier main body; the adsorbent is filled in a hot film gap in the intensifier body, the connecting bracket is connected with the top end of the intensifier body, and the connecting bracket is connected with a 4K disc of a dry type dilution refrigerator or a 1K disc of a wet type refrigerator. The invention further discloses the dilution refrigerator and an operation mode. The device has the beneficial effects that more efficient low-temperature environment control and low vibration are realized, and the device is particularly beneficial to a highly sensitive experiment which needs a vibration-free environment to ensure accurate measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cryogenic technology, in particular to a dilution refrigerator. Background Art

[0002] Dilution refrigerators and their related technologies play a vital role in many scientific research and industrial fields, such as materials science and quantum computing. Dilution refrigerators can be divided into wet systems and dry systems according to the different ways of achieving 4K low temperatures. Wet systems rely on liquid helium-4 to achieve the required 4K low temperatures. In the vacuum chamber, the wet system usually includes a 1K pot, which is used to provide efficient cooling and promote the condensation of helium. The 1K pot plays a key role in the wet system. By maintaining a temperature of about 1.2K, it further optimizes the condensation process of helium, thereby improving the overall cooling efficiency of the system. Compared with the wet system, the dry dilution refrigerator uses a pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) instead of liquid helium. The pulse tube refrigerator achieves 4K low temperatures in its second stage (PT2 stage), providing the main cooling platform for the dry dilution refrigerator system. This technology makes the dry dilution refrigerator no longer dependent on liquid helium, thereby improving the self-sufficiency of the system and significantly reducing the dependence on liquid helium.

[0003] The cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator system depends primarily on the flow of helium-3 (the rare stable isotope of helium He3) at the phase interface within the system's mixing chamber. This flow is controlled by a component called a still (see below). Figure 1 As shown), the still is pumped by an external pump. Due to the temperatures involved, the pump mainly pumps out helium-3, reducing its concentration in the still. This forms a concentration gradient between the still and the mixing chamber, which creates a large osmotic pressure and drives the helium-3 flow through the phase interface into the still. Heating the still can promote the evaporation of helium-3, further reducing its concentration in the still, enhancing the concentration gradient, and thus increasing the flow of helium-3 in the mixing chamber. In order to maintain the low temperature of the still, helium-3 vapor needs to be pumped away to reduce the vapor pressure and further reduce the concentration of helium-3. The pump and pumping line play a key role in maintaining the low pressure in the still. The efficiency of the pumping system directly affects the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator. If the performance of the pump is insufficient or the pumping pipeline is too narrow, the pressure in the still will increase, causing its temperature to rise. This temperature increase will increase the evaporation of helium-4 and dilute the useful helium-3 flow. Therefore, an inefficient pumping system will significantly reduce the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. For this reason, ensuring efficient performance of the pump and properly designed pumping lines is crucial to achieve the best performance of the dilution refrigerator.

[0004] All current dilution refrigerators rely on an external pumping system, typically consisting of at least one turbomolecular pump, one rotary vane or Roots pump, and a compressor. These pumps are typically mounted several meters from the top of the dilution refrigerator to minimize the vibrations they impart to the system. While this is generally effective in reducing vibrations, some highly sensitive experiments can still be affected by small vibrations transmitted through the pumping lines, resulting in measurement errors. In addition, as the cooling capacity requirements increase, larger pumps are required, which not only increases the cost of the system but also causes more significant vibrations. At the same time, the length of the pumping line also affects the efficiency of the system. Longer lines create a greater pressure difference between the pump and the distillation chamber, resulting in an increase in the distillation chamber pressure, with the room temperature portion of the line having the most significant effect on this pressure difference.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the problem that the current dilution refrigerator relies on an external pumping system and the increasing refrigeration power requirements require the use of a larger pump, which cannot take into account both the refrigeration requirements and the reduction of vibration.

[0007] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0008] A dilution refrigerator booster, comprising a booster body, a heater, a thermal film, an adsorbent, and a connecting bracket;

[0009] The middle part of one end of the enhancer body sinks inward to form a mounting blind hole, the heater is connected in the mounting blind hole, and the other end of the enhancer body includes a connecting hole connected to the inside; the enhancer body contains the thermal film; the adsorbent is filled in the thermal film gap in the enhancer body;

[0010] The connection bracket is connected to the top end of the enhancer body, and the connection bracket is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator.

[0011] In the present invention, the dilution refrigerator booster is equivalent to a cryopump. During the standard system operation of the dilution refrigerator, the booster is kept at a temperature of about 40K using a heater. When the cooling power of the system needs to be enhanced, the heater will be turned off. At this time, since the booster is connected to a 4K disk cooled by the cold head of the pulse tube refrigerator (or a 1K disk kept low temperature by a 1K tank of a wet dilution refrigerator), the adsorbent will begin to cool. Since the adsorbent has a large surface area, it begins to low-temperature pump the mixed vapor in the distillation chamber during the cooling process. This process allows a higher distillation chamber power to be applied, promoting the evaporation of more helium-3, thereby enhancing the flow of the phase interface of the mixing chamber and significantly improving the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. When the adsorbent is full, the enhancement process ends. The regeneration process is to heat the booster to 40K and release all the adsorbed helium back into the cycle. These gases are then pumped out by a conventional external pump, and the system is restored to the standard operating mode using an external pump.

[0012] Through the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control. Since the pumping pipeline distance between the intensifier and the distillation chamber is very short, no vibration will be generated during operation, which is particularly beneficial for highly sensitive experiments that require a vibration-free environment to ensure accurate measurements.

[0013] Preferably, the intensifier body comprises an intensifier body, an intensifier cover plate, and a nozzle;

[0014] The intensifier body is a cylindrical structure, one end of the intensifier body is connected to the side of the intensifier cover plate, and the other end is connected to the side of the nozzle;

[0015] A columnar blind mounting hole is extended from the middle of the enhancer cover plate along the inner direction of the enhancer body, the heater is connected in the blind mounting hole, and the thermal film is placed in the enhancer body around the outer side of the blind mounting hole;

[0016] The nozzle is a plate-shaped structure, and a connecting pipe extends from the middle of the nozzle in a direction away from the enhancer body.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes an adsorbent bracket, which is connected to the enhancer body and the adsorbent is supported on the adsorbent bracket.

[0018] The adsorbent holder is usually a metal grid structure designed to support the adsorbent and prevent it from falling into the distillation chamber during operation. The design of the holder not only ensures the stability of the adsorbent, but also facilitates system maintenance and operation.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the connecting bracket is connected to the intensifier body by bolts, and the top of the connecting bracket is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator by bolts;

[0020] A through hole is provided in the middle of the connecting bracket, and the cable of the heater passes through the through hole.

[0021] Preferably, the enhancer body is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, and the enhancer cover is made of a material with high thermal conductivity.

[0022] The intensifier body is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and strong structure (such as stainless steel) to provide stable mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity characteristics, ensuring that the heat of the heater is not conducted to the distiller and the distillation pumping pipeline, thereby avoiding affecting the thermal balance of the system.

[0023] The intensifier cover is made of high thermal conductivity material (such as copper) and contains the heater and adsorbent. The intensifier cover is made of copper, which helps to improve the heat conduction between the heater and the adsorbent and ensures effective heat exchange between the adsorbent and the connecting bracket, promoting the thermal stability and efficiency of the system.

[0024] Preferably, the connecting bracket is made of a material with low thermal conductivity.

[0025] The booster is mounted on the 4K plate of a dry dilution refrigerator (or the 1K plate of a wet dilution refrigerator system) via a connection bracket made of a low thermal conductivity material. The low thermal conductivity material of the connection bracket is used to avoid excessive heat conduction to the plate, while also facilitating reasonable cooling of the booster when the heater is turned off.

[0026] Preferably, the adsorbent is activated carbon.

[0027] The adsorbent is made of an adsorbent material with a high specific surface area (such as activated carbon), which can efficiently adsorb gas and improve cooling efficiency and gas recovery efficiency.

[0028] The present invention also discloses a dilution refrigerator, which adopts the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator intensifier;

[0029] The dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or to the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator through a connecting bracket; the connecting hole of the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the pumping pipeline of the distillation chamber.

[0030] The present invention also discloses an operating mode of a dilution refrigerator, which is applied to the above-mentioned dilution refrigerator and includes three operating modes;

[0031] In standard mode, the dilution refrigerator is circulated only by an external pump system;

[0032] In high-power refrigeration mode, the heater is turned off, and the dilution refrigerator booster is combined with the dilution refrigerator in standard mode to achieve adsorption of helium-3 in the distillation chamber during cooling;

[0033] In silent mode, the heater is turned off, the external pump system and the pulse tube refrigerator are stopped, the helium battery is used to provide cooling, and only the dilution refrigerator enhancer adsorbs the helium-3 in the distillation chamber.

[0034] Preferably, in the high-power refrigeration mode, the distillation chamber heater is started; when the dilution refrigerator booster reaches a saturated state, the heating element is started to restore the working state of the dilution refrigerator booster;

[0035] After running for a set time in silent mode, the external pump system and pulse tube refrigerator are started, and the heating element is started to restore the working state of the dilution refrigerator intensifier.

[0036] The key point of the present invention is to provide an enhancer for dry and wet dilution refrigerator systems, which solves the problems of vibration interference with low-temperature experiments and insufficient cooling efficiency in the prior art. The system achieves continuous ultra-low vibration operation of the dilution refrigerator system and significantly improves the cooling power performance by optimizing the design and installation method of the enhancer. The present invention is particularly suitable for sensitive experiments that require precise control (such as microscopy, spectroscopy, etc.), especially in dry dilution refrigerators, because the vibrations generated by the pulse tube refrigerator and pump may interfere with precise experiments. The system cooling power is limited by the ability of the pump group to effectively extract helium-3 from the distillation chamber. Through the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control.

[0037] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0038] Through the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control. Since the pumping pipeline distance between the intensifier and the distillation chamber is very short, no vibration will be generated during operation, which is particularly beneficial for highly sensitive experiments that require a vibration-free environment to ensure accurate measurement;

[0039] The adsorbent holder is usually a metal grid structure designed to support the adsorbent and prevent it from falling into the distillation chamber during operation. The design of the holder not only ensures the stability of the adsorbent, but also facilitates system maintenance and operation.

[0040] The intensifier body is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and strong structure (such as stainless steel) to provide stable mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity characteristics, ensuring that the heat of the heater is not conducted to the distiller and the distillation pumping pipeline, thereby avoiding affecting the thermal balance of the system.

[0041] The intensifier cover is made of high thermal conductivity material (such as copper) and contains the heater and adsorbent. The intensifier cover is made of copper, which helps to improve the heat conduction between the heater and the adsorbent and ensures effective heat exchange between the adsorbent and the connecting bracket, promoting the thermal stability and efficiency of the system.

[0042] The booster is mounted on the 4K plate of a dry dilution refrigerator (or the 1K plate of a wet dilution refrigerator system) via a connection bracket made of a low thermal conductivity material. The low thermal conductivity material of the connection bracket is used to avoid excessive heat conduction to the plate, while also facilitating reasonable cooling of the booster when the heater is turned off.

[0043] The adsorbent is made of an adsorbent material with a high specific surface area (such as activated carbon), which can efficiently adsorb gas and improve cooling efficiency and gas recovery efficiency.

[0044] The dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or to the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator through a connecting bracket; the connecting hole of the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the pumping pipeline of the distillation chamber.

[0045] The present invention solves the problems of vibration interference on cryogenic experiments and insufficient cooling efficiency in the prior art. The system achieves continuous ultra-low vibration operation of the dilution refrigerator system and significantly improves the cooling power performance by optimizing the design and installation of the enhancer. The present invention is particularly suitable for sensitive experiments that require precise control (such as microscopy, spectroscopy, etc.), especially in dry dilution refrigerators, because the vibrations generated by the pulse tube refrigerator and pump may interfere with precise experiments. The system cooling power is limited by the ability of the pump group to effectively extract helium-3 from the distillation chamber. Through the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dilution refrigerator intensifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a dilution refrigerator intensifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a dilution refrigerator booster according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dry dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wet dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operation in the standard mode of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the embodiment of the present invention in a high-power cooling mode;

[0053] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the regeneration operation of the dilution refrigerator intensifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Numbers in the figure:

[0055] 1. Intensifier body; 11. Intensifier body; 12. Intensifier cover; 121. Installation blind hole; 13. Nozzle; 131. Connecting pipe; 2. Heater; 3. Thermal film; 4. Adsorbent; 5. Connecting bracket; 6. Adsorbent bracket; 7. Distillation chamber pumping pipeline; 8. Connecting pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the dilution refrigerator enhancer includes an enhancer body 1, a heater 2, a thermal film 3, an adsorbent 4, and a connecting bracket 5; the middle part of one end of the enhancer body 1 sinks inward to form a mounting blind hole 121, the heater 2 is connected in the mounting blind hole 121, and the other end of the enhancer body 1 includes a connecting hole connected to the inside; the enhancer body 11 accommodates the thermal film 3, and the adsorbent 4 is connected to one end of the enhancer body 1 close to the connecting hole; the connecting bracket 5 is connected to the top of the enhancer body 1, and the connecting bracket 5 is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator.

[0059] The dilution refrigerator booster is mounted on a 4K plate (dry dilution refrigerator) or a 1K plate (wet dilution refrigerator) with a temperature range of 1K to 4K. This design ensures that the booster operates efficiently in extremely low temperature environments while ensuring that it is compatible with the thermal management of other system components to optimize the overall low temperature operation effect.

[0060] Specifically, the intensifier body 1 includes an intensifier body 11 , an intensifier cover plate 12 , and a nozzle 13 .

[0061] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the intensifier body 11 is a cylindrical structure, one end of the intensifier body 11 can be connected to the side of the intensifier cover plate 12 by welding, and the other end is connected to the side of the nozzle 13 by welding. The intensifier body 11 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and strong structure (such as stainless steel) to provide stable mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity, ensuring that the heat of the heater 2 will not be conducted to the distiller and the distillation pumping pipeline, thereby avoiding affecting the thermal balance of the system.

[0062] A columnar blind hole 121 is extended from the middle of the intensifier cover plate 12 along the inner direction of the intensifier body 11. Figure 3 As shown, the center position of the enhancer cover plate 12 is connected to a columnar mounting blind hole 121, the heater 2 is a cylinder, the heater 2 is mounted in the mounting blind hole 121, and the thermal film 3 surrounds the outside of the mounting blind hole 121 and is placed in the enhancer body 11. The main functions of the mounting blind hole 121 are, on the one hand, to install the heater 2, and on the other hand, to transfer heat to the adsorbent 4. Therefore, it is preferred that the bottom of the mounting blind hole 121 can be in contact with the adsorbent 4 to ensure heat conduction. The enhancer cover plate 12 is made of a high thermal conductivity material (such as copper), and the heater 2 and the adsorbent 4 are accommodated inside. The enhancer cover plate 12 is made of copper, which helps to improve the heat conduction between the heater 2 and the adsorbent 4, and promote the thermal stability and efficiency of the system.

[0063] The nozzle 13 is a plate-like structure, and a connecting pipe 131 extends from the middle of the nozzle 13 in a direction away from the intensifier body 11. The middle of the connecting pipe 131 runs through, and the connecting pipe 131 is connected to the distillation pumping pipeline through a pipeline. This ensures that the adsorption and release process of the mixed gas in the distillation chamber is carried out efficiently. The nozzle 13 is made of a low thermal conductivity material.

[0064] Heater 2 is installed inside the enhancer to heat the enhancer to 40K, release gas, and realize the regeneration function of the enhancer. Heater 2 is used to promote gas desorption of the adsorbent to ensure that an efficient working state can be achieved during the cooling process. At the same time, in this embodiment, the dilution refrigerator enhancer also includes a thermometer for real-time monitoring and control of temperature changes to ensure the stability and reliability of the system. The power supply of heater 2 is connected to the power supply of the external control cabinet by a lead.

[0065] The thermal film 3 is a perforated film made of a high thermal conductivity material (such as copper), which is wrapped around the mounting blind hole 121 to improve the heat conduction efficiency and accelerate the heating or cooling process of the adsorbent 4. Figure 2 As shown, the thermal film 3 spirally surrounds the intensifier cover. Of course, other arrangements can also be designed as needed.

[0066] The adsorbent 4 is made of an adsorbent material with a high specific surface area (such as activated carbon), which can efficiently adsorb gas and improve cooling efficiency and gas recovery efficiency. In this embodiment, the dilution refrigerator enhancer also includes an adsorbent support 6, which is connected to the enhancer body 1, and the adsorbent 4 is supported on the adsorbent support 6. The adsorbent support 6 is usually a metal grid structure, which is designed to support the adsorbent 4 to prevent the adsorbent 4 from falling into the distillation chamber during operation. The design of the adsorbent support 6 not only ensures the stability of the adsorbent 4, but also facilitates system maintenance and operation.

[0067] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the connecting bracket 5 is made of a plate material and has an inverted concave structure as a whole. The bottom of the connecting bracket 5 is bent inward, and the bent part of the bottom of the connecting bracket 5 is connected to the intensifier cover plate 12 of the intensifier body 1 by bolts. The top of the connecting bracket 5 is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet dilution refrigerator by bolts. A through hole is provided in the middle of the connecting bracket 5, and the cable of the heater 2 passes through the through hole.

[0068] The connecting bracket 5 is made of a low thermal conductivity material. The booster is mounted on the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator (or the 1K disk of the wet dilution refrigerator system) through a connecting bracket 5 made of a low thermal conductivity material. The connecting bracket 5 is made of a low thermal conductivity material to avoid excessive heat conduction to the disk, and at the same time, it can reasonably promote the cooling of the booster when the heater 2 is turned off.

[0069] In this embodiment, the dilution refrigerator booster is equivalent to a cryopump. During the standard system operation of the dilution refrigerator, the booster is maintained at a temperature of about 40K using a heater 2. When the cooling power of the system needs to be enhanced, the heater 2 will be turned off. At this time, since the booster is connected to a 4K disk cooled by a pulse tube refrigerator cold head (or a 1K disk kept low temperature by a 1K tank of a wet dilution refrigerator), the adsorbent 4 will begin to cool. Since the adsorbent 4 has a large surface area, it begins to cryogenically pump the mixed vapor in the distillation chamber during the cooling process. This process allows a higher distillation chamber power to be applied, promoting the evaporation of more helium-3, thereby enhancing the flow of the phase interface of the mixing chamber and significantly improving the cooling capacity of the refrigerator. When the adsorbent 4 is full, the enhancement process ends. The regeneration process is to heat the booster to 40K and release all the adsorbed helium back to the gas cycle in the standard mode. These gases are then pumped out by a conventional external pump, and the system is restored to the standard operation mode using an external pump.

[0070] Through the present invention, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control. Since the pumping pipeline distance between the intensifier and the distillation chamber is very short, no vibration will be generated during operation, which is particularly beneficial for highly sensitive experiments that require a vibration-free environment to ensure accurate measurements.

[0071] The installation method of the dilution refrigerator booster in this embodiment is carefully designed to ensure that when the heater 2 is working, the heat load of the booster on the mounting plate can be effectively limited to avoid excessive heat conduction affecting the temperature balance of the system. At the same time, after the heater 2 is turned off, the device can quickly cool to the plate temperature, thereby improving energy efficiency and cooling speed and reducing energy waste.

[0072] Embodiment 2:

[0073] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a dilution refrigerator, which adopts the dilution refrigerator enhancer in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, in the dry dilution refrigerator, the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator through the connecting bracket 5, and the nozzle 13 of the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the distillation chamber pumping pipeline 7 through the connecting pipe 8;

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, in the wet dilution refrigerator, the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator is connected; the nozzle 13 of the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the distillation chamber pumping pipeline 7 through the connecting pipe 8.

[0076] The dilution refrigerator intensifier is directly connected to the still pumping line 7, achieving close cooperation with the cryogenic cooling system. This connection optimizes the fluid dynamics and ensures efficient circulation of helium-3 within the system, thereby improving cooling performance.

[0077] This embodiment is applicable to dry and wet dilution refrigerators. Other parts of the dilution refrigerator do not need to be changed. Only an intensifier needs to be added, and the modification cost is low.

[0078] Embodiment three:

[0079] The present invention also discloses an operating mode of a dilution refrigerator, which is applied to the dilution refrigerator in the above-mentioned embodiment 2, and includes three operating modes;

[0080] In standard mode: the dilution refrigerator is circulated only by an external pump system; Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the normal use state of the dilution refrigerator is that the external pump system promotes the helium-3 atoms in the concentrated phase to continuously enter the dilute phase through the phase interface. At the same time, the pumped helium-3 is condensed and then replenished into the concentrated phase, forming a continuous cycle process to ensure the continuous operation of the refrigerator.

[0081] like Figure 7 As shown, in high-power cooling mode, the intensifier works together with the external pump system to achieve high cooling function, including the following steps:

[0082] 1) Turn off Heater 2: Before starting the device, first turn off Heater 2 of the booster to enter cooling mode.

[0083] 2) Equipment cooling: During the cooling process, the booster acts as a cryopump to absorb the mixed gas in the distillation chamber, effectively extracting the helium-3 in the distillation chamber and significantly reducing the temperature of the distillation chamber. At this time, the distillation chamber heater can be enabled to promote more helium-3 to evaporate from the mixed gas. Due to the close coupling between the booster and the distillation chamber, it can effectively control the rise in the distillation chamber temperature while significantly reducing the concentration of helium-3 in the distillation chamber.

[0084] 3) High-power operation: The decrease in the concentration of helium-3 in the distillation chamber drives the helium-3 in the mixing chamber to flow into the distillation chamber through the phase interface. Since the intensifier is powerful and close to the distillation chamber, it can provide a large helium-3 flow rate, effectively accelerating the flow of helium-3, so that the efficiency of the entire cooling system is improved. Therefore, the dilution refrigerator system can operate at a high cooling power within the set time.

[0085] 4) Regeneration equipment: such as Figure 8 As shown, when the booster reaches saturation, the additional cooling capacity disappears and the boosting process ends. The device is regenerated by starting the heating element to restore the working state of the booster.

[0086] In silent mode, only the enhancer works, including the following steps:

[0087] 1) Turn off Heater 2: Before starting low vibration operation, turn off Heater 2 first.

[0088] 2) Turn off the external pump system and pulse tube refrigerator: Stop the operation of the pulse tube refrigerator and the external pump system to reduce the mechanical vibration generated by the system.

[0089] 3) Cooling with helium batteries: The dry dilution refrigerator system uses the cooling effect provided by the helium batteries installed on the 4K disk (the working principle of the helium battery is to condense helium into a special container installed at the 4K flange. Once the container is filled with liquid helium, the pulse tube refrigerator can be turned off. At this time, by pumping the helium reservoir, the temperature of the 4K flange is maintained at a low enough level to ensure that the dilution refrigerator continues to operate stably), so as to keep the equipment at a low temperature, thereby further reducing the impact of vibration on the experiment;

[0090] Only the intensifier works, adsorbing the mixed gas in the distillation chamber, effectively extracting the helium-3 in the distillation chamber, and significantly reducing the temperature of the distillation chamber; at this time, the distillation chamber heater can be enabled to promote more helium-3 to evaporate from the mixed gas. Due to the close coupling of the intensifier and the distillation chamber, it can effectively control the rise of the distillation chamber temperature and significantly reduce the concentration of helium-3 in the distillation chamber.

[0091] 4) Start the pulse tube refrigerator and external pump system: After a period of experiment or after the experiment is completed, start the pulse tube refrigerator and pump under low vibration state to restore the normal cooling cycle.

[0092] 5) Heating element regeneration equipment: After completing the cooling and low vibration phase, start the heater 2 to regenerate the equipment and restore it to its working state.

[0093] The enhancer is combined with a helium battery, and the low-temperature operation of the helium battery cooling equipment enables the equipment to operate stably under a low-vibration state, further reducing the impact of mechanical vibration on the system, thereby ensuring the precision and stability of the experimental environment.

[0094] The present embodiment provides an enhancer for dry and wet dilution refrigerator systems, which solves the problems of vibration interference with cryogenic experiments and insufficient cooling efficiency in the prior art. The system achieves continuous ultra-low vibration operation of the dilution refrigerator system and significantly improves the cooling power performance by optimizing the design and installation of the enhancer. The present invention is particularly suitable for sensitive experiments that require precise control (such as microscopy, spectroscopy, etc.), especially in dry dilution refrigerators, because the vibrations generated by the pulse tube refrigerator and pump may interfere with precise experiments. The system cooling power is limited by the ability of the pump group to effectively extract helium-3 from the distillation chamber. Through this embodiment, it is possible to achieve fast and efficient pumping of the distillation chamber, significantly increase the flow rate in the system, and greatly enhance the cooling power within the set time, thereby achieving more efficient low-temperature environment control.

[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dilution refrigerator booster, characterized in that: It includes an intensifier body, a heater, a thermal film, an adsorbent, and a connecting bracket; The middle part of one end of the enhancer body sinks inward to form a mounting blind hole, the heater is connected in the mounting blind hole, and the other end of the enhancer body includes a connecting hole connected to the inside; the enhancer body contains the thermal film; the adsorbent is filled in the thermal film gap in the enhancer body; The connection bracket is connected to the top end of the enhancer body, and the connection bracket is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator.

2. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intensifier body comprises an intensifier body, an intensifier cover plate, and a nozzle; The intensifier body is a cylindrical structure, one end of the intensifier body is connected to the side of the intensifier cover plate, and the other end is connected to the side of the nozzle; A columnar blind mounting hole is extended from the middle of the enhancer cover plate along the inner direction of the enhancer body, the heater is connected in the blind mounting hole, and the thermal film is placed in the enhancer body around the outer side of the blind mounting hole; The nozzle is a plate-shaped structure, and a connecting pipe extends from the middle of the nozzle in a direction away from the enhancer body.

3. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an adsorbent support, which is connected to the enhancer body, and the adsorbent is supported on the adsorbent support.

4. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the connecting bracket is connected to the intensifier body by bolts, and the top of the connecting bracket is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator by bolts; A through hole is provided in the middle of the connecting bracket, and the cable of the heater passes through the through hole.

5. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 2, characterized in that: The enhancer body is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, and the enhancer cover is made of a material with high thermal conductivity.

6. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting bracket is made of low thermal conductivity material.

7. The dilution refrigerator booster according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorbent is activated carbon.

8. A dilution refrigerator, characterized in that A dilution refrigerator booster according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the 4K disk of the dry dilution refrigerator or to the 1K disk of the wet refrigerator through a connecting bracket; the connecting hole of the dilution refrigerator intensifier is connected to the pumping pipeline of the distillation chamber.

9. The operation mode of a dilution refrigerator, applied to the dilution refrigerator of claim 8, characterized in that: There are three operating modes: In standard mode, the dilution refrigerator is circulated only by an external pump system; In high-power refrigeration mode, the heater is turned off, and the dilution refrigerator booster is combined with the dilution refrigerator in standard mode to achieve adsorption of helium-3 in the distillation chamber during cooling; In silent mode, the heater is turned off, the external pump system and the pulse tube refrigerator are stopped, the helium battery is used to provide cooling, and only the dilution refrigerator enhancer adsorbs the helium-3 in the distillation chamber.

10. The dilution refrigerator operation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In high-power refrigeration mode, the distillation chamber heater is started; when the dilution refrigerator booster reaches a saturated state, the heating element is started to restore the working state of the dilution refrigerator booster; After running for a set time in silent mode, the external pump system and pulse tube refrigerator are started, and the heating element is started to restore the working state of the dilution refrigerator intensifier.

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