A dimming film and dimming glass with different light transmittance in the open state

Abstract

This invention provides a dimming film and dimming glass with different visible light transmittance in at least one direction when in the on state. By introducing a transparent conductive film with different surface resistance in at least one direction, a dimming film with different visible light transmittance in that direction is obtained. This dimming film can play a comprehensive dimming role in application scenarios that require different visible light transmittance at different positions of the dimming film in the on state, and it has particularly good application effects in scenarios where the visible light transmittance gradually changes, meeting the functional, aesthetic, and other application needs in transportation or architectural fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic light control materials, and in particular to a dimming film and a dimming glass with different transmittance in the open state. Background Technology

[0002] A dimming film is an electronic light-controlling device, primarily consisting of a light-controlling layer placed between two transparent conductive films. When an electric field is applied, the arrangement or state of the materials in the light-controlling layer changes, thereby altering the light transmission characteristics of the device, such as switching from low to high transmittance, or vice versa. Through the action of the electric field, rapid transitions between the on and off states can be achieved. Based on different light-controlling mechanisms, dimming films can be classified into suspended particle dimming films, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming films, and electrochemical reaction dimming films, among others.

[0003] Known dimming films in the art, such as polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming films and suspended particle dimming films, change from opaque to uniformly transparent when in the on state, while electrochemical reaction dimming films change from transparent to uniformly opaque when in the on state. There are also dimming films with a reverse mode, such as reverse polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming films, which change from transparent to uniformly opaque when in the on state. In short, most existing dimming films have a uniform visible light transmittance distribution when in the on state. Furthermore, some technologies achieve different visible light transmittance across the entire dimming film when in the on state by dividing the film into sections and applying different power supplies to different sections. However, this increases the manufacturing cost of the dimming film and does not achieve a continuous, gradual change effect. In some cases, however, if a dimming film with a continuously gradually changing visible light transmittance distribution when in the on state could be used, such as in a car windshield, where the transmittance changes from low at the top to high at the bottom, the driver could avoid glare and other light pollution while maintaining a clear field of vision, thus improving driving safety.

[0004] This invention introduces a transparent conductive film with varying sheet resistance in at least one direction, enabling the dimming film to produce a change in light transmittance under a constant applied voltage, thus obtaining a dimming film with varying light transmittance in the on state. This dimming film can play a comprehensive dimming role in application scenarios that require varying light transmittance in the on state, meeting the functional, aesthetic, and other usage needs in transportation or architectural fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The inventors proposed a dimming film and a dimming film glass with different visible light transmittance in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film in the open state.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dimming film with different transmittance in an on state, comprising: a first transparent substrate (1-1), a first transparent conductive layer (2-1), a light-controlling layer (3), a second transparent conductive layer (2-2), and a second transparent substrate (1-2) stacked sequentially, wherein in the on state, there are regions with different visible light transmittance along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film, wherein the regions with different visible light transmittance are single-zone dimming regions, and Qon represents the degree of difference in visible light transmittance of the regions in this state.

[0007] Qon=(Ton max -Ton min ) / Lon,

[0008] Ton max Ton represents the maximum visible light transmittance of the region in the open state along the direction. min The minimum visible light transmittance in the stated direction.

[0009] Lon is Ton max With Ton min The distance between two points, in meters.

[0010] Qon is a dimensionless value.

[0011] The value of Qon is: 30.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.05.

[0012] Furthermore, the Qon value is: 20.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.08.

[0013] Furthermore, the Qon value is: 15.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.1.

[0014] Furthermore, in the open state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film varies continuously and gradually.

[0015] Furthermore, the region in which the visible light transmittance varies in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film in the on state.

[0016] Furthermore, in the off state, the visible light transmittance distribution along any direction on the surface of the dimming film is uniform, denoted by Qoff, which represents the uniformity of the visible light transmittance distribution in this state.

[0017] Qoff = (Toff) max -Toff min ) / Toff max ,

[0018] Toff max Toff is the maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming film along the direction when it is off.min The minimum visible light transmittance in the stated direction.

[0019] The value of Qoff is: 0.5 ≥ Qoff ≥ 0.

[0020] Furthermore, the Qoff value is: 0.2 ≥ Qoff ≥ 0.

[0021] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) have a varying sheet resistance in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film.

[0022] Furthermore, the region where the sheet resistance changes coincides with the region where the visible light transmittance differs along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film in the on state.

[0023] Furthermore, the sheet resistance has a region that continuously and gradually changes.

[0024] Furthermore, the sheet resistance exists in regions with gradient changes.

[0025] Furthermore, the maximum sheet resistance along at least one direction of the dimming film surface is R. max And R max ≥200 ohms / □, minimum sheet resistance is R min And R max -R min ≥150 ohms / □.

[0026] Furthermore, the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) varies in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film.

[0027] Furthermore, the region where the thickness varies along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film coincides with the region where the sheet resistance of the conductive layer varies.

[0028] Furthermore, the maximum thickness along at least one direction of the dimming film surface is D. max The minimum thickness is D min D max -D min ≥20 nanometers, and D min ≥0 nanometers.

[0029] Furthermore, the D max -D min ≥50 nanometers, and D min ≥10 nanometers.

[0030] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) contain a visually recognizable area with a transparent conductive layer thickness of zero.

[0031] Furthermore, the single-zone dimming area constitutes a single dimming film.

[0032] Furthermore, the single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas constitute a single dimming film.

[0033] In the dimming film of the present invention, the other dimming areas are not specifically limited. They can be partitioned dimming areas, areas without dimming function, or single-zone dimming areas as described in the present invention.

[0034] Furthermore, there are no specific restrictions on the number or combination of the single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas.

[0035] Further, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) are selected from at least one of ITO conductive layer, FZO conductive layer, IZO conductive layer, GZO conductive layer, AZO conductive layer, PEDOT conductive layer, nano Ag wire conductive layer, conductive graphene and nano Cu wire conductive layer.

[0036] Furthermore, the light control layer (3) is at least one of the suspended particle light control layer, polymer dispersed liquid crystal light control layer, or electrochemical reaction light control layer.

[0037] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) are covered with an adhesive layer on the surface facing the light-controlling layer (3); the adhesive layer material includes at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic resin or silicone resin.

[0038] Furthermore, all parts of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) in the single-zone dimming area are electrically conductive.

[0039] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) of the single-zone dimming area have local areas that are not electrically connected to other areas, wherein the local areas do not have dimming function.

[0040] Furthermore, the fact that some areas of the transparent conductive layer are electrically non-conductive from other areas is achieved by electrically non-conductive isolation lines.

[0041] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line divides the first transparent conductive layer and / or the second transparent conductive layer into at least two parts, and the at least two parts are electrically non-conductive.

[0042] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line can be at least one of a straight line, an arc, or an irregular shape.

[0043] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line can form a closed curve.

[0044] Furthermore, the cross-section of the electrically non-conductive isolation wire can be a regular shape or an irregular shape.

[0045] Furthermore, the width of the electrically non-conductive isolation line is 1–200 μm.

[0046] Furthermore, the width of the electrically non-conductive isolation line is 10–100 μm.

[0047] Furthermore, the number of electrically non-conductive isolation lines is not limited to one; it can be two or three. The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the number of electrically non-conductive isolation lines.

[0048] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line is formed by etching the first transparent conductive layer and / or the second transparent conductive layer.

[0049] Furthermore, the etching methods include ion beam etching (IBE), deep silicon etching (DRIE), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion beam etching (FIB), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching, microwave plasma etching, external laser etching, internal laser etching, or etching by chemical methods.

[0050] Furthermore, this can be accomplished through external laser etching or internal laser etching.

[0051] Furthermore, the laser external etching treats the first transparent substrate and the first transparent conductive layer as a separate whole, i.e., the conductive film is the object of processing, and etching is performed from the side of the first transparent conductive layer toward the direction of the first transparent substrate to form a dividing line. The dividing line does not reach or penetrate the first transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in this invention; and / or, the second transparent substrate and the second transparent conductive layer are treated as a separate whole, and etching is performed from the side of the second transparent conductive layer toward the direction of the second transparent substrate to form a dividing line. The dividing line does not reach or penetrate the second transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in this invention.

[0052] Furthermore, the laser internal etching involves etching a dividing line from the first transparent substrate side to the first transparent conductive layer side, taking the entire dimming film as a whole. The dividing line penetrates the first transparent conductive layer but does not reach or penetrate the second transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in this invention. Alternatively, the dividing line is etched from the second transparent substrate side to the second transparent conductive layer side. The dividing line penetrates the second transparent conductive layer but does not reach or penetrate the first transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in this invention.

[0053] In the dimming film of the present invention, there are no specific restrictions on the materials of the first transparent substrate (1-1) and the second transparent substrate (1-2).

[0054] Furthermore, the first transparent substrate (1-1) and / or the second transparent substrate (1-2) are selected from at least one of PET, PEN, PP, PI, PE, and PC.

[0055] In this invention, the first and second transparent conductive layers of the single-zone dimming area are electrically conductive at all points; or a local area of ​​the transparent conductive layer of the area is not electrically conductive with other areas of the transparent conductive layer, and the local area does not have a dimming function. The dimming function means that the local area does not require an on state, that is, the local area is always in an off state. In a specific embodiment, a very small area around the first and / or second transparent conductive layers of the area is not electrically conductive with the internal area of ​​the conductive layer, and all points of the internal area are electrically conductive.

[0056] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dimming glass comprising a first glass plate (4-1) and a second glass plate (4-2), and the dimming film described above disposed between the first glass plate (4-1) and the second glass plate (4-2).

[0057] In this invention, there are no special restrictions on the types of the first and second glass plates. They can be conventional transparent glass known to those skilled in the art. They can be ordinary glass such as inorganic glass or organic glass, or functional glass such as UV blocking glass, IR blocking glass, Low-E glass, tempered glass or antibacterial glass, etc. They can also be selected from colored glass such as gray glass or brown glass.

[0058] Furthermore, a first interlayer (5-1) is provided between the first glass plate (4-1) and the dimming film, and / or a second interlayer (5-2) is provided between the second glass plate (4-2) and the dimming film.

[0059] In this invention, there are no special restrictions on the types of the first and second interlayers. They can be conventional interlayers for smart glass that are well known to those skilled in the art. They can be EVA film, TPU film, PVB film, or functional films, such as UV-blocking EVA film, UV-blocking TPU film, UV-blocking PVB film, etc. They can also be films with a certain color, such as gray EVA film, gray TPU film, gray PVB film, etc.

[0060] In this invention, there are no special restrictions on the method of manufacturing the dimming glass. It can be any conventional lamination method for dimming glass in the art, such as lamination in a laminator, or lamination in an autoclave or lamination box / furnace.

[0061] This invention employs a transparent conductive film with varying sheet resistance in at least one direction, enabling the dimming film to have different visible light transmittance in at least one direction when in the on state, thus meeting the requirement of continuous and gradual change in transmittance in multiple application scenarios.

[0062] The dimming film / dimming glass of the present invention can be combined with other dimming films / dimming glasses to form composite dimming films / dimming glass, meeting the functional and aesthetic requirements of the building and transportation sectors. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The accompanying drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0064] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transparent conductive film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transparent conductive film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transparent conductive film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dimming glass provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-zone dimming film provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 11 A transmittance distribution diagram of the dimming film provided in the on state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Wherein, 1-1. First transparent substrate, 1-2. Second transparent substrate, 2-1. First transparent conductive layer, 2-2. Second transparent conductive layer, 3. Light control layer, 4-1. First glass plate, 4-2. Second glass plate, 5-1. First laminated layer, 5-2. Second laminated layer, D. Thickness of transparent conductive layer, A-1.~A-4. Electrically non-conductive isolation lines. Detailed Implementation

[0076] the term

[0077] In this invention, the following terms have the meanings defined below.

[0078] On status:

[0079] This refers to the state after the dimming film has been switched off and the recommended power supply has been applied, and the visible light transmittance has stabilized.

[0080] Off status:

[0081] This refers to the state after the dimming film has been de-energized or the recommended power supply has been switched off from the on state and the visible light transmittance has stabilized.

[0082] Transparent conductive film:

[0083] A composite composition of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive layer.

[0084] At least one direction on the surface of the dimming film:

[0085] This refers to the direction of extension of the line segment at the intersection of any plane that passes through the dimming film.

[0086] Fang Zu:

[0087] Sheet resistance, representing the conductivity of a thin-film conductive material, refers to the resistance of a thin-film conductive material to the flow of current when a voltage is applied. This resistance is called sheet resistance, denoted by R in this invention. max R represents the maximum sheet resistance. min This represents the minimum sheet resistance. R = ρ / D, where ρ is the resistivity of the thin-film conductive material and D is the thickness of the thin-film conductive material. Sheet resistance is related to the conductivity of the thin-film conductive material and its thickness.

[0088] The maximum visible light transmittance Toff of the dimming film in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film when it is off. max Minimum visible light transmittance Toff min :

[0089] In the off state of the dimming film, assuming a plane passes through the dimming film, the visible light transmittance is measured at a cross-section on the dimming film along this plane, where the maximum visible light transmittance is Toff. max The minimum visible light transmittance is Toff min .

[0090] The maximum visible light transmittance (Ton) of the dimming film in the on state along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film. max Minimum visible light transmittance Ton min :

[0091] In the open state of the dimming film, assuming a plane passes through the dimming film, the visible light transmittance is measured at a cross-section on the dimming film along this plane, where the maximum visible light transmittance is Ton. max The minimum visible light transmittance is Ton min .

[0092] The definition of direction in the sheet resistance and thickness measurements of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) is the same as above.

[0093] The definitions of the on / off state, Ton, and Toff of the dimming glass are related to the dimming film.

[0094] The transmittance of the dimming film / smart glass was measured using an LS116 transmittance meter (Shenzhen Linshang Technology Co., Ltd.). When no voltage is applied (off state), the transmittance of the dimming film / smart glass is marked as Toff = %; when the recommended power supply to the dimming film / smart glass is applied (on state), the transmittance is marked as Ton = %.

[0095] The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film was measured using a Keithley 2100 four-probe resistance meter.

[0096] The thickness of the transparent conductive layer on the cross-section of the transparent conductive film was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SNE-4500M Plus) from SEC Corporation.

[0097] The suspended particle light-controlling layer matrix emulsion was prepared according to the method in Example 5 of CN112882258A.

[0098] A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light-controlling layer matrix emulsion was prepared according to the method in Example 6 of CN112882258A.

[0099] The present invention provides a dimming film with different transmittance in at least one direction when in the on state. By using a transparent conductive film with different resistance in at least one direction, a varying voltage drop can be generated on the conductive film in that direction, thereby achieving an overall dimming effect of reducing / increasing the transmittance of the dimming film.

[0100] To better illustrate the present invention, the following specific embodiments are provided.

[0101] Example 1: Preparation of ITO / PET transparent conductive film

[0102] A transparent conductive film with a continuously varying sheet resistance in the lateral direction was prepared on the surface of PET using a roll-to-roll process via DC magnetron sputtering deposition in a vacuum environment. The sheet resistance of the ITO deposited on the PET surface was controlled by gradually varying the flow rate of the sputtering gas in the lateral direction. The sputtering power was 30 W, the sputtering gas was Ar, and the sputtering pressure was 0.4 Pa (absolute pressure). A 1.5-meter-wide transparent conductive film with a continuously varying sheet resistance of 300 ohms / □ to 45 ohms / □ was obtained. Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2-2 gradually decreases from left to right; the parameters of the transparent conductive film are shown in Table 1.

[0103] Example 2: Preparation of ITO / PET transparent conductive film

[0104] An ITO / PET transparent conductive film is placed in a vacuum chamber and evacuated. When the vacuum level reaches the requirement for ion source ignition and an ion beam can be formed, ion bombardment begins on the ITO surface of the ITO / PET transparent conductive film, reducing the ITO layer thickness and thus increasing the sheet resistance. The pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches P < 1 × 10⁻⁶. -1 At Pa, ion bombardment was performed using a Kaufman source with a beam current of 100 mA and a plate voltage of 400 V. By controlling the bombardment time of different regions of the ITO / PET transparent conductive film, the thickness of the ITO layer was controlled, thereby changing the sheet resistance of different regions of the ITO / PET transparent conductive film. This resulted in transparent conductive films with a width of 1.2 meters in three different regions with sheet resistances of 420 ohms / □, 135 ohms / □, and 65 ohms / □. Figure 2As shown, the transparent conductive layer 2-2 is divided into three regions: region 2-2-1 is the region with a relatively thick transparent conductive layer, region 2-2-2 is the region with a medium thickness of transparent conductive layer, and region 2-2-3 is the region with a relatively thin transparent conductive layer; the parameters of the transparent conductive film are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Example 3: Preparation of ITO / PET transparent conductive film

[0106] Same as Example 1, except that a transparent conductive film of ITO with a sheet resistance of 330 ohms / □ to 40 ohms / □ is obtained, such as Figure 3 As shown, the transparent conductive layer 2-2 is divided into three regions: region 2-2-1 is a region where the thickness of the transparent conductive layer remains constant; region 2-2-2 is a region where the thickness of the transparent conductive layer gradually changes continuously, with a width of 0.05 meters; and region 2-2-3 is a region where the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is zero. The parameters of the transparent conductive film are shown in Table 1.

[0107] Example 4: Preparation of ITO / PET transparent conductive film

[0108] Same as Example 1, except that a transparent conductive film with a width of 0.02 meters is obtained in the region 2-2-2 where the sheet resistance of ITO gradually changes from 230 ohms / □ to 60 ohms / □. Figure 3 As shown, the parameters of the transparent conductive film are listed in Table 1.

[0109] Example 5: Preparation of a dimming film

[0110] The suspended particle light-controlling layer matrix emulsion was coated onto the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1 using a roll-to-roll automated coating machine. Another transparent conductive layer, an ITO transparent conductive film with uniform sheet resistance, was then coated onto the wet film of the light-controlling layer matrix emulsion, resulting in a wet film containing the light-controlling layer. Figure 4 As shown. Then, under a nitrogen atmosphere, it is cured in a UV curing chamber for 1 minute at a UV power of 700W / m². 2 This yields dimming film 1. Regions with varying visible light transmittance are designated as single-zone dimming areas, and these single-zone dimming areas constitute the entire dimming film. Dimming film parameters are shown in Table 2. Figure 11 .

[0111] Example 6: Preparation of a dimming film

[0112] Same as Example 5, except that the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 2 is used instead of the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1. Figure 6 As shown, dimming film 2 is obtained. The areas with different visible light transmittance are single dimming areas, and these single dimming areas are the entire dimming film. The dimming film parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0113] Example 7: Preparation of a dimming film

[0114] Same as Example 5, except that a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light-controlling layer matrix emulsion is used instead of a suspended particle light-controlling layer matrix emulsion, and an ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 3 is used instead of an ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1. Figure 7 As shown, the dimming film 3 is obtained. The areas with different visible light transmittance are single dimming areas. This single dimming area 2-2-2, together with the visible light transmittance constant areas 2-2-1 and 2-2-3, form the whole dimming film. The dimming film parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0115] Example 8: Preparation of a dimming film

[0116] Same as Example 5, except that the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1 is used instead of the ITO transparent conductive film with uniform sheet resistance of the transparent conductive layer. Figure 5 As shown, the dimming film 4 is obtained. The areas with different visible light transmittance are single dimming areas, and this single dimming area is the whole dimming film. The dimming film parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0117] Example 9: Preparation of a dimming film

[0118] Same as Example 5, except that the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 3 is used instead of the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1. Figure 7 As shown, the dimming film 5 is obtained. The parameters of the dimming film are shown in List 2.

[0119] Example 10: Preparation of a dimming film

[0120] Same as Example 5, except that the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 4 is used instead of the ITO transparent conductive film prepared in Example 1, and the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light-controlling layer matrix emulsion is used instead of the suspended particle light-controlling layer matrix emulsion, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the dimming film 6 is obtained. The dimming film parameters are shown in List 2.

[0121] Example 11 Preparation of a dimming film

[0122] Same as in Example 5, as Figure 9 As shown, the transparent conductive layer 2-2 is divided into three regions according to its thickness variation. Region 2-2-1 has a constant thickness, region 2-2-2 has a gradually changing thickness, and region 2-2-3 has a gradually changing thickness. The width of regions 2-2-2 and 2-2-3 is 0.5 meters. This yields the dimming film 7. The parameters of the dimming film are shown in Table 2.

[0123] Example 12: Preparation of a multi-zone dimming film

[0124] Same as Example 7, except that a multi-zone dimming film is prepared, such as... Figure 10As shown, the transparent conductive layer 2-2 is divided into three regions according to its thickness variation: region 2-2-1 is a region with a constant thickness, region 2-2-2 is a region with a continuously and gradually changing thickness, and region 2-2-3 is a region with zero thickness. Electrically non-conductive isolation lines A-1 to A-4 are formed by laser etching on the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and the second transparent conductive layer (2-2). The dimming regions on both sides of the isolation lines are controlled by a circuit to maintain different switching states. This results in the dimming film 8, whose parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0125] Table 1. Parameters of the transparent conductive films prepared in Examples 1-4

[0126]

[0127] #The length of the region of change in sheet resistance, i.e., R max With R min The distance between them.

[0128] Table 2 Parameters of the dimming films prepared in Examples 5-12

[0129]

[0130] Of course, the electrically non-conductive isolation lines can be set according to actual needs. They can be set on the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2), and the specific number and position can be adjusted according to actual needs. Specifically, for example, in Figure 10 Only A-2 is set in the middle, and the dimming film is divided into two areas: the left area of ​​A-2 and the right area of ​​A-2. This is called a zone dimming film. It can be controlled by the circuit to make the left area of ​​A-2 in the open state and the right area of ​​A-2 in the closed state, or other combinations.

[0131] Table 2 shows the range of visible light transmittance and Q value of the dimming film in the embodiment under the on and off states.

[0132] Figure 11 The continuously varying visible light transmittance of the dimming film of Example 5 in the on state is shown, ranging from 64.4% to 13.6%.

[0133] The dimming range of the above dimming film in the open state can meet the requirements of visible light transmittance for various scenarios in transportation or construction.

[0134] The descriptions of the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the methods and core ideas of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A dimming film with different light transmittance in its open state, characterized in that, It includes a first transparent substrate (1-1), a first transparent conductive layer (2-1), a light-controlling layer (3), a second transparent conductive layer (2-2), and a second transparent substrate (1-2) stacked in sequence. The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) have a varying sheet resistance in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film, or the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) varies in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film. In the on state, there are regions with different visible light transmittance along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film. These regions with different visible light transmittance are called single-zone dimming regions, and Qon represents the degree of difference in visible light transmittance in a single-zone dimming region in the on state. Blood = (Ton max -Tone min ) / Lon, Ton max Ton represents the maximum visible light transmittance of a single-zone dimming area along the stated direction in the on state. min The minimum visible light transmittance in the stated direction. Lon is Ton max With Ton min The distance between two points, in meters. The value of Qon is: 30.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.

05.

2. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Qon value is: 20.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.

08.

3. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Qon value is: 15.0 ≥ Qon ≥ 0.

1.

4. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the on state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film changes continuously and gradually.

5. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the on state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance varies in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film.

6. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimming film exhibits uniform visible light transmittance distribution along any direction on its surface when it is off. Qoff represents the uniformity of visible light transmittance distribution when the film is off. Qoff= (Toff max -Toff min ) / Toff max , Toff max Toff is the maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming film along the direction when it is off. min The minimum visible light transmittance in the stated direction. The value of Qoff is: 0.5 ≥ Qoff ≥ 0.

7. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 6, characterized in that, The Qoff value is: 0.2 ≥ Qoff ≥ 0.

8. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheet resistance exists in a region where it changes continuously and gradually.

9. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheet resistance exists in a region where the gradient changes.

10. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum sheet resistance along at least one direction of the dimming film surface is R. max And R max ≥ 200 ohms / □, minimum sheet resistance is R min And R max -R min ≥150 ohms / □.

11. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum thickness along at least one direction of the dimming film surface is D. max The minimum thickness is D min D max -D min ≥ 20 nanometers, and D min ≥ 0 nanometers.

12. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 11, characterized in that, The D max -D min ≥ 50 nanometers, and D min ≥ 10 nanometers.

13. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) contain a visually recognizable area with a transparent conductive layer thickness of zero.

14. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-zone dimming area constitutes a whole dimming film.

15. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas constitute a complete dimming film.

16. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) are selected from at least one of ITO conductive layer, FZO conductive layer, IZO conductive layer, GZO conductive layer, AZO conductive layer, PEDOT conductive layer, nano Ag wire conductive layer, conductive graphene and nano Cu wire conductive layer.

17. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light control layer (3) is at least one of the following: a suspended particle light control layer, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light control layer, or an electrochemical reaction light control layer.

18. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) of the single-zone dimming area are electrically conductive at all points.

19. The dimming film with different transmittance in the open state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) of the single-zone dimming area have local areas that are not electrically conductive with other areas, wherein the local areas do not have dimming function.

20. A type of dimming glass with different light transmittance in its open state, characterized in that, It includes a first glass plate (4-1) and a second glass plate (4-2), and a dimming film as described in any one of claims 1 to 19 disposed between the first glass plate (4-1) and the second glass plate (4-2).

21. The dimming glass with different light transmittance in the open state according to claim 20, characterized in that, A first interlayer (5-1) is provided between the first glass plate (4-1) and the dimming film, and / or a second interlayer (5-2) is provided between the second glass plate (4-2) and the dimming film.

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