A method and device for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of assessment of carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects, and discloses a method and device for assessing the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration. The method includes: calculating the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the baseline scenario plan of the watershed by using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; setting the leaf area index and vegetation type in the target watershed, and constructing a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation type; calculating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan by using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; wherein, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration, and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration; and evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration to obtain the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects. The present invention comprehensively and reliably evaluates the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation, and particularly relates to a method and device for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration. Background Art

[0002] The carbon cycle and water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems are the core of the material and energy cycle of the land surface system. The two are coupled with each other and are both affected by environmental factors and vegetation changes. Fully considering the impact of land use / cover and forest age changes on the carbon cycle has become a development trend in carbon source and sink estimation at the regional scale, and has important scientific and practical significance for comprehensively evaluating the ecological benefits of vegetation restoration.

[0003] Regional vegetation construction directly affects the carbon sink of watershed vegetation, and also indirectly affects the karst carbon sink and hydropower generation by changing the runoff production and concentration in the watershed, thereby affecting the emission reduction benefits of clean energy. At present, most of the relevant studies directly consider the emission reduction benefits of vegetation construction on a single aspect of vegetation carbon sink, karst carbon sink or hydropower generation, and there is no unified research that comprehensively considers the emission reduction benefits of vegetation carbon sink, karst carbon sink or hydropower generation, resulting in a lack of unity in the evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of regional vegetation restoration construction, and it is difficult to promote the sustainable development of the watershed ecosystem and the realization of the carbon emission reduction goal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and device for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration to solve the problem of lack of unity in the evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of regional vegetation restoration construction.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, and the method includes:

[0006] Construct a water-carbon coupling model for the watershed terrestrial ecosystem;

[0007] Set the leaf area index and vegetation type in the target watershed, and construct a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation type;

[0008] Use the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan; wherein, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration;

[0009] Use the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the watershed baseline scenario plan;

[0010] Evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration, and obtain the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect.

[0011] An evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided in this embodiment constructs a water-carbon coupling model for the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; sets the leaf area index and vegetation types within the target watershed, and constructs a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation types; uses the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan; among them, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount; uses the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the watershed baseline scenario plan; evaluates the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration, and obtains the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect; in the process of evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration, the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration are comprehensively considered, and the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount provides a reference for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration, realizing a comprehensive and reliable evaluation of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration, providing scientific and technological support for the simulation, evaluation and regulation of watershed water-carbon resources and the vegetation construction planning, and having important significance for the realization of the dual-carbon goal.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan includes:

[0013] Using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to conduct a water cycle simulation on the watershed vegetation restoration plan to obtain the watershed runoff, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, surface runoff, and subsurface flow;

[0014] Obtain the water level drop of the river section in the target watershed, and determine the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the watershed runoff and the water level drop of the river section in the target watershed;

[0015] Obtain the bicarbonate ion concentration in the groundwater runoff, and determine the total karst carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, subsurface flow, and bicarbonate ion concentration;

[0016] Establish a statistical model including the total primary productivity of the watershed ecosystem, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, and actual evapotranspiration based on the water use efficiency and water-carbon flux data;

[0017] Based on the actual evapotranspiration, use the statistical model to determine the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration;

[0018] Calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount.

[0019] An evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided by this embodiment uses a water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to simulate the water cycle of the watershed vegetation restoration plan, achieving accurate simulation of the evaporation, infiltration, and runoff processes of the watershed ecosystem. Furthermore, by simulating the watershed runoff, the total hydropower carbon emission reduction and the total karst carbon sequestration are determined, reflecting the coupling process of water and carbon. Moreover, through a statistical model that includes the total primary productivity of the watershed ecosystem, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, and actual evapotranspiration, the total carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration is calculated, realizing the calculation of the total carbon sequestration caused by the vegetation itself. Using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem, accurate coupling simulation of water cycle elements and carbon cycle elements is achieved, and accurate calculation of the evaluation indicators for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, namely the total hydropower carbon emission reduction, total vegetation carbon sequestration, and total karst carbon sequestration, is realized, improving the accuracy of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, determining the total hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the watershed runoff and the water level drop of the river section in the target watershed includes:

[0021] Calculating the power generation capacity of the watershed based on the water level drop of the river section and the watershed runoff;

[0022] Obtaining the average emission factor of the power grid and calculating the total hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the power generation capacity of the watershed and the average emission factor of the power grid.

[0023] An evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided by this embodiment uses a water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to couple the watershed runoff and hydropower carbon sink, and thus realizes accurate calculation of the total hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, determining the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration based on groundwater runoff and bicarbonate concentration includes:

[0025] Obtaining the watershed area and calculating the watershed runoff modulus based on surface runoff, subsurface flow, groundwater runoff, and the watershed area;

[0026] Calculating the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration based on the watershed runoff modulus and the bicarbonate concentration in groundwater runoff.

[0027] An evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided by this embodiment uses a water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to couple surface runoff, subsurface flow, and karst carbon sink, and thus calculates the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, realizing accurate calculation of the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration.

[0028] In an alternative embodiment, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration are calculated based on the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration, and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration; wherein, the calculation formula for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration is:

[0029]

[0030] Wherein, represents the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by the vegetation restoration corresponding to the th watershed vegetation restoration plan, represents the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, represents the watershed area.

[0031] In an alternative embodiment, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration is evaluated based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration, and the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect is obtained, including:

[0032] The difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration is compared with a preset threshold, and the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect is determined based on the comparison result.

[0033] The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided in this embodiment evaluates the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect achieved by the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction, realizes the accurate evaluation of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, provides scientific and technological support for watershed water-carbon resource simulation, evaluation and regulation, and vegetation construction planning, and is of great significance for the realization of the dual-carbon goal.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, and the apparatus includes:

[0035] A construction module for constructing a water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem;

[0036] A setting module for setting the leaf area index and vegetation type in the target watershed, and constructing a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation type;

[0037] A first calculation module for calculating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by the vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan by using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; wherein, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration include the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration, and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration;

[0038] A second calculation module, configured to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the baseline scenario of the basin by using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem;

[0039] An evaluation module, configured to evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by the vegetation restoration, so as to obtain an evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect.

[0040] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0041] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored. The computer instructions are used to cause a computer to execute the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0042] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which are used to cause a computer to execute the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof. Description of the Drawings

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of another method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 It is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a device for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the vegetation restoration in the basin according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] In the research on the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of regional vegetation restoration and construction, it mainly focuses on the following three aspects. Vegetation carbon sink research: Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis and fixes it in plants and soil, forming an important carbon sink. Karst carbon sink research: The karst carbon sink is one of the important carbon sink types on the earth, and it mainly fixes and stores carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in groundwater through karstification. Research on the emission reduction benefits of hydropower: As a clean energy, hydropower reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, thereby indirectly reducing carbon emissions. There have been many studies on vegetation carbon sinks, karst carbon sinks, and the emission reduction benefits of hydropower through methods such as model simulation, remote sensing observation, and experimental observation, and many achievements have been made.

[0051] Although there have been many studies on vegetation carbon sinks, karst carbon sinks, and the emission reduction benefits of hydropower, there are still problems. Single research perspective: Most related studies directly consider only one aspect of the vegetation construction on vegetation carbon sinks, karst carbon sinks, or the emission reduction benefits of hydropower, lacking a comprehensive study on the overall carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of vegetation restoration on the watershed. Such a single-perspective study is difficult to comprehensively reflect the comprehensive impact of vegetation construction on the watershed ecosystem. Lack of unity in evaluation methods: Due to the single research perspective, the evaluation methods also lack unity. Different studies often use different evaluation indicators and methods, making it difficult to directly compare and comprehensively analyze the results. Therefore, it is particularly important to propose a unified evaluation method that can comprehensively evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration. Technical limitations: In the evaluation of karst carbon sinks and the emission reduction benefits of hydropower, there are still certain limitations in related technologies. For example, the monitoring and evaluation methods of karst carbon sinks are not yet perfect, and it is difficult to accurately quantify the contribution of karstification to carbon sinks.

[0052] In summary, certain progress has been made in the current research on the impact of regional vegetation construction on watershed carbon sinks and the emission reduction benefits of hydropower, but there are still problems such as a single research perspective, lack of unity in evaluation methods, and technical limitations. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a unified evaluation method that can comprehensively evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration to promote the sustainable development of the watershed ecosystem and the realization of carbon emission reduction goals.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration. Since regional vegetation construction directly affects the carbon sink of watershed vegetation and indirectly affects the karst carbon sink and hydropower generation by changing the runoff generation and concentration in the watershed, thereby affecting the emission reduction benefits of clean energy, most related studies directly consider only one aspect of the emission reduction benefits of vegetation construction on vegetation carbon sink, karst carbon sink, or hydropower generation, and there is no research that comprehensively considers the emission reduction benefits from vegetation carbon sink, karst carbon sink, or hydropower generation. The embodiment of the present invention provides scientific and technological support for watershed water-carbon resource simulation, evaluation and regulation, and vegetation construction planning by comprehensively and reliably evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation construction, which is of great significance for the realization of the dual-carbon goal.

[0054] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration. It should be noted that the execution subject of the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be an evaluation device for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration. This evaluation device for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration can be implemented as part or all of an electronic device through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Among them, the electronic device can be a server or a terminal. Among them, the server in the embodiment of the present application can be a single server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers. The terminal in the embodiment of the present application can be other intelligent hardware devices such as a smart phone, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a wearable device, and a smart robot. In the following method embodiments, the execution subject is taken as an electronic device for illustration.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. And although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0056] In this embodiment, a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration is provided, which can be used for the above-mentioned electronic device. Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, and the process includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S101, construct a water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem.

[0058] Specifically, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem includes two core modules: the water cycle and the carbon cycle. By using a method that combines distributed and lumped approaches, rasterized remote sensing, vegetation, hydrology, soil and other data are input into the model, and the hydrological response unit is used as the basic calculation unit to simulate water and carbon cycle elements including surface runoff (RS), subsurface flow (RI), groundwater runoff (RG), evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity of the ecosystem (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP).

[0059] Furthermore, the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem can adopt WaSSI (Water Supply Stress Index model, a water supply and demand calculation model), DTVGM-CASACNP (a bidirectional eco-hydrological coupling model), CHANGE (a change model), RHESSys (a regional hydrological and ecological simulation system), CEVSA model (a carbon exchange between vegetation, soil and atmosphere model, a biogeochemical model that simulates the carbon exchange between vegetation, soil and atmosphere based on processes such as plant photosynthesis, respiration and soil microbial activities), BEPS model (boreal ecosystem productivity simulator, a computer simulation system for simulating the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems), IBIS model (Input / Output Buffer Information Specification, a method for quickly and accurately modeling I / O BUFFER based on the V / I curve), CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach, a process-based remote sensing model), VIP model (a vegetation interface process model), etc.; among them, the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem can adopt WaSSI, which integrates a potential evapotranspiration model, a snowmelt model and a Sacramento model, and fully considers key water-carbon elements such as terrain undulation, soil moisture, vegetation conditions and water division, and has achieved good application results.

[0060] Furthermore, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, a water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem is constructed. The main input data of the model include DEM (Digital Elevation Model), meteorological data (precipitation, temperature, etc.), leaf area index, soil type, vegetation type data, etc. The main model verification data include runoff data, evapotranspiration data, and total net primary productivity data of the main hydrological stations in the main stream of the basin. The original water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem is a lumped empirical model. The input data is divided into grid cells. Multiple grid cells are divided according to the basin and its boundary regions, such as , and the basic data such as monthly-scale meteorological data, basin information, soil properties, land use types, impervious area, and leaf area index are processed to each grid cell using different software and processing methods, and finally processed into data that meets the requirements of the model input data format. Among them, in order to transfer the information at the grid scale to the basin scale, the grid data of each basin is averaged to obtain the data results at the basin scale. Finally, the model parameters are calibrated and verified to obtain a simulation model with better simulation effects, and the basin runoff is simulated through the calibrated model.

[0061] Furthermore, the main basin basic data required for modeling mainly include: meteorological data, basin information, soil properties, land use types, impervious area, and leaf area index, etc. Taking the grid with spatial resolution as the calculation unit of the water-carbon cycle process, on this basis, a water-carbon coupling model of the basin is constructed, and the runoff of the key hydrological stations in the basin is selected as the objective function. Optimization algorithms such as PEST are used to calibrate the model parameters. PEST (Parameter ESTimation software) is a comprehensive software for uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation that is independent of the model and does not require any modification to the model itself. PEST continuously adjusts the model parameters multiple times to minimize the difference between the model output and the corresponding measured values. The PEST model is a non-linear optimization method between the Newton method and the gradient descent method. It has both the fast convergence of the Gauss-Newton method and the global search of the gradient descent method, which can make the objective function converge quickly and effectively, and the number of model runs is less than other algorithms when optimizing parameters. The core of the PEST algorithm is to solve the minimum value of the objective function, and the objective equation is the weighted least squares difference function between the calculated value of a certain output variable based on the model parameters and the actual observed value.

[0062] Furthermore, verifying the model through measured data is a key and essential link in using the model to study the water and carbon cycle processes. Combining the actual measured data, the key variables of the water and carbon cycle processes ET , GPP and the simulation effects of the runoff process are evaluated, and the relative error , correlation coefficient , the deterministic efficiency coefficient and the Kling - Gupta efficiency coefficient are quantitatively calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] (1)

[0064] (2)

[0065] (3)

[0066] (4)

[0067] In the above formula, is the number of fitting data, is the th simulated value, is the th measured value, is the average value of is the average value of measured values, is the correlation coefficient between the simulated value and the measured value, is the standard deviation of the simulated value, is the standard deviation of the observed value.

[0068] Step S102, set the leaf area index and vegetation types within the target basin, and construct a basin baseline scenario plan and a basin vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation types.

[0069] Specifically, before conducting the water cycle simulation, the water - carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem needs to calculate the reference evapotranspiration using the FAO Penman - Monteith (potential evapotranspiration in high - latitude regions) formula according to the input data , and then, based on the internal relationship between the reference evapotranspiration and meteorological (precipitation, temperature, radiation, humidity, etc.) and vegetation characteristics (leaf area index), estimate the vegetation evapotranspiration potential of 10 different land use types such as farmland, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, grassland, shrub, wetland, town, bare land, and water area within the basin without considering the soil moisture condition. The calculation formula of the vegetation evapotranspiration potential is as follows:

[0070] (5)

[0071] Among them, represents the evapotranspiration potential considering the vegetation effect, that is, the vegetation evapotranspiration potential, is the precipitation, is the potential evapotranspiration, is the monthly average leaf area index; - is an empirical parameter.

[0072] Furthermore, as can be seen from the above formula (5), the vegetation in the target basin is measured by the regional leaf area index and vegetation type. The leaf area index and vegetation type are used as inputs to the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem. By setting different leaf area indices and vegetation types while keeping other inputs of the model unchanged, scenario simulations are carried out through the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem. For example, the baseline scenario plan for the basin is the leaf area index and vegetation type , and different vegetation restoration plans for the basin are the leaf area index and vegetation type , that is, the current baseline scenario plan and different vegetation construction plans ( is 1, 2, 3...).

[0073] Step S103: Use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the vegetation restoration plan of the basin. Among them, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration include the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount.

[0074] Step S104: Use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts corresponding to the baseline scenario plan of the basin.

[0075] Specifically, the calculation method of the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts is the same as that of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration. Both use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem for simulation calculation to obtain the corresponding carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts.

[0076] Step S105: Evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the basin's vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration to obtain the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect.

[0077] Specifically, compare the difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration with a preset threshold, and determine the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect based on the comparison result.

[0078] Furthermore, assume that the preset threshold is 0. When the difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration is greater than 0, it means that the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect becomes stronger. When the difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amounts caused by vegetation restoration is less than 0, it means that the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect becomes weaker, and it is necessary to increase the scale of the basin's vegetation.

[0079] An evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration provided in this embodiment constructs a water-carbon coupling model for the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; sets the leaf area index and vegetation types in the target watershed, and constructs a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation types; uses the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan; among them, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount; uses the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the watershed baseline scenario plan; evaluates the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration, and obtains the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect; in the process of evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration are comprehensively considered, and the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount provides a reference for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, realizing a comprehensive and reliable evaluation of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, providing scientific and technological support for watershed water-carbon resource simulation, evaluation and regulation, and vegetation construction planning, and having important significance for the realization of the dual-carbon goal.

[0080] In this embodiment, an evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration is provided, which can be used for the above-mentioned electronic device. Figure 3 It is a flowchart of an evaluation method for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, and this process includes the following steps:

[0081] Step S301, construct a water-carbon coupling model for the watershed terrestrial ecosystem. For details, please refer to Figure 1 step S101 of the embodiment shown, which will not be elaborated here.

[0082] Step S302, set the leaf area index and vegetation types in the target watershed, and construct a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation types. For details, please refer to Figure 1 step S102 of the embodiment shown, which will not be elaborated here.

[0083] Step S303, use the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan; among them, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount.

[0084] Specifically, the above step S303 includes:

[0085] Step S3031: Use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to conduct a water cycle simulation on the basin's vegetation restoration plan, obtaining the basin's runoff, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, surface runoff, and subsurface flow.

[0086] Specifically, the original WaSSI model calculates the potential evapotranspiration using the Hamon formula, only considering the effects of atmospheric temperature and maximum sunshine hours on regional evapotranspiration and ignoring other meteorological factors, resulting in relatively large uncertainties. However, relevant research has shown that solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, air pressure, relative humidity, etc. are key climate parameters in the calculation of potential evapotranspiration, and air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation have significant effects on regional potential evapotranspiration. Therefore, the FAO Penman-Monteith formula is used to replace the Hamon formula to estimate the potential evapotranspiration of the basin. The calculation formula for potential evapotranspiration is as follows:

[0087] (6)

[0088] In the formula, is the potential evapotranspiration (mm·d -1 ), is the average daily air temperature at 2 m height (°C), is the soil heat flux (MJ·m -2 ·d -1 ), is the wind speed at 2 m height (m·s -1 ), is the saturation vapor pressure (kPa), is the actual vapor pressure (kPa), is the slope of the saturation vapor pressure curve (kPa·°C -1 ), is the psychrometric constant (kPa·°C -1 ), is the net surface radiation (MJ·m -2 ·d -1 ).

[0089] Furthermore, the water cycle simulation is the calculation basis for the carbon cycle module. The water cycle simulation is mainly used to simulate the evaporation, infiltration, and runoff processes of the basin's ecosystem, including the calculation process of evapotranspiration, the calculation process of soil moisture and infiltration, and the runoff calculation process, etc. The carbon cycle module reflects the water-carbon coupling process. Based on the water and carbon fluxes measured by the global flux network, this module uses methods such as empirical linear regression models to construct relationships, aiming to simulate the carbon gain and loss processes of the basin.

[0090] Furthermore, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, the Sacramento Hydrological Model (SAC model for short) is used to simulate the water cycle process in the basin, and main hydrological parameters such as actual evapotranspiration, surface runoff, subsurface flow and baseflow can be obtained through simulation. Among them, considering the influence of soil moisture on evapotranspiration, the value is used as the input parameter of the evaporation potential of the SAC model. The water for actual evapotranspiration in the carbon cycle module comes from the upper soil and the bound water in the lower layer. At the same time, the soil parameters required for the SAC model can be estimated using soil texture data. Among them, the SAC model is a lumped parameter type continuous operation deterministic model and a standard soil moisture content calculation model. The SAC model is based on the storage, infiltration, migration and evapotranspiration characteristics of soil moisture, and uses a series of mathematical expressions with certain physical concepts to describe each process of runoff formation. The state variables in the model represent a relatively independent characteristic in the hydrological cycle, and the model parameters have clear physical meanings and can be derived according to basin characteristics, rainfall and flow data.

[0091] Furthermore, the water cycle simulation is carried out using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem to simulate the basin runoff process, and the calculated basin runoff volumes under the basin baseline scenario and the basin vegetation restoration scenario are respectively and ( is 1, 2, 3...), with the unit of cubic meters ( ), where the basin runoff volume includes groundwater runoff, surface runoff and subsurface flow, and the actual evapotranspiration is determined according to the bound water in the upper soil and the lower soil.

[0092] Step S3032: Obtain the water level drop of the river section in the target basin, and determine the total amount of water energy and carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the basin runoff volume and the water level drop of the river section in the target basin.

[0093] In some alternative embodiments, the above step S3032 includes:

[0094] Step a1: Calculate the basin power generation capacity based on the water level drop of the river section and the basin runoff volume.

[0095] Specifically, the calculation formula for the basin power generation capacity is as follows:

[0096] (7)

[0097] Wherein, represents the theoretical hydropower resource potential of the basin, that is, the basin power generation capacity, with the unit of kilowatt-hour ( ), represents the height of the water level drop of the river section, with the unit of meter (m), represents the basin runoff volume.

[0098] Step a2, obtain the grid average emission factor, and calculate the total carbon emission reduction of hydropower caused by vegetation restoration based on the available hydropower generation in the basin and the grid average emission factor.

[0099] Specifically, use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to couple the basin runoff and the hydropower carbon sink. The calculation formula for the total carbon emission reduction of hydropower caused by vegetation restoration is as follows:

[0100] (8)

[0101] Where, is the total carbon emission reduction of hydropower caused by vegetation restoration, with the unit of 0.001 is the unit conversion coefficient, is the grid average emission factor, with the unit of , .

[0102] Step S3033, obtain the bicarbonate concentration in the groundwater runoff, and determine the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, subsurface flow, and bicarbonate concentration.

[0103] Step b1, obtain the basin area, and calculate the basin runoff modulus based on the surface runoff, subsurface flow, groundwater runoff, and basin area.

[0104] Specifically, use the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to obtain the groundwater runoff RGa under different vegetation restoration scale scenarios in the target basin, and calculate the basin runoff modulus MRa based on this, providing parameters for the calculation of the karst carbon sink; the calculation formula for the basin runoff modulus is as follows:

[0105] (9)

[0106] Where, is the basin runoff modulus, with the unit of , represents the basin area, with the unit of .

[0107] Step b2, calculate the total karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration based on the basin runoff modulus and the bicarbonate concentration in the groundwater runoff.

[0108] Specifically, rock weathering is mainly the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks participated by carbonic acid. The weathering process equation is as follows:

[0109] (10)

[0110] (11)

[0111] Among them, represents bicarbonate, represents calcium carbonate, represents carbon dioxide, represents water, represents calcium ions, represents calcium magnesium carbonate, represents magnesium ions.

[0112] Furthermore, it can be seen from the above formula that only half of the generated by the dissolution of carbonate rocks comes from the atmosphere , through the concentration in groundwater runoff, combined with groundwater runoff data, calculate the atmospheric CO2 sink generated by karstification of carbonate rocks in the basin. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0113] (12)

[0114] Among them, represents the karst carbon sink intensity (unit: ), that is, the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration. 1 / 2 means that half of the carbon in groundwater runoff comes from the atmosphere, represents the mass concentration in runoff water body (unit: ), is the relative molecular mass 44 of is the relative molecular mass 100 of , and 0.031536 is the unit conversion coefficient.

[0115] Furthermore, the surface runoff, subsurface flow and karst carbon sink are coupled using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem.

[0116] Step S3034, establish a statistical model including the total primary productivity of the basin ecosystem, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity and actual evapotranspiration based on water use efficiency and water-carbon flux data.

[0117] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, using the water cycle module in the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem, input the actual evapotranspiration simulated by the water cycle into the carbon cycle model to obtain the total primary productivity and ecosystem respiration of the basin ecosystem. Then, based on the water use efficiency theory and the water-carbon flux data of the global flux network, establish the total primary productivity of the basin ecosystem ( ), ecosystem respiration ( ), net ecosystem productivity ( ), and actual evapotranspiration ( ), and using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem, the (unit: mm), calculate the terrestrial ecosystem of the basin , and , and its unit is .

[0118] Step S3035, based on the actual evapotranspiration, use the statistical model to determine the total amount of carbon sequestration by vegetation caused by vegetation restoration.

[0119] Specifically, the formula for the gross primary productivity of the basin ecosystem is as follows:

[0120] (13)

[0121] Among them, represents the empirical parameter derived from the water-carbon flux data.

[0122] Furthermore, based on the gross primary productivity, calculate the ecosystem respiration of the basin ecosystem. The formula for the ecosystem respiration of the basin ecosystem is as follows:

[0123] (14)

[0124] Among them, and represent the empirical parameters derived from the water-carbon flux data.

[0125] Furthermore, based on the gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration, calculate the total amount of carbon sequestration by vegetation caused by vegetation restoration. The net ecosystem productivity (i.e., the total amount of carbon sequestration by vegetation caused by vegetation restoration) has the following formula:

[0126] (15)

[0127] Step S3036, based on the total amount of water-energy-carbon emission reduction, the total amount of carbon sequestration by vegetation, and the total amount of carbon sequestration by karst, calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration.

[0128] Specifically, the formula for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration is:

[0129] (16)

[0130] Among them, represents the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount (unit ) caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the th basin vegetation restoration plan, Represents the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration, Represents the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, Represents the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, Represents the basin area, and 11 / 3 is the unit conversion coefficient.

[0131] Step S304: Calculate the baseline carbon emission reduction corresponding to the baseline scenario of the basin using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem.

[0132] Specifically, when is 0, calculate the baseline carbon emission reduction using the above steps S3031 to S3036.

[0133] Step S305: Evaluate the carbon emission reduction effect of the basin's vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon emission reduction and the carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration, and obtain the evaluation result of the carbon emission reduction effect. For details, please refer to Figure 1 Step S105 of the illustrated embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0134] A method for evaluating the carbon emission reduction effect of basin vegetation restoration provided in this embodiment uses the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem to simulate the water cycle of the basin vegetation restoration plan, achieving accurate simulation of the evaporation, infiltration, and runoff processes of the basin ecosystem. Furthermore, by simulating the basin runoff, the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration are determined, reflecting the water-carbon coupling process. And, through a statistical model including the total primary productivity of the basin ecosystem, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, and actual evapotranspiration, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration is calculated, achieving the calculation of the total amount of carbon sequestration caused by the vegetation itself. Using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin's terrestrial ecosystem, accurate coupling simulation of water cycle elements and carbon cycle elements is achieved, and accurate calculation of the evaluation indicators for the carbon emission reduction effect of basin vegetation restoration, namely the total amount of water-energy carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration, and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration, is realized, improving the accuracy of the carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration.

[0135] In this embodiment, a device for evaluating the carbon emission reduction effect of basin vegetation restoration is also provided. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred implementation manners, and those that have been described will not be elaborated again. As used hereinafter, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

[0136] This embodiment provides a device for evaluating the carbon emission reduction effect of basin vegetation restoration, as Figure 4 shown, including:

[0137] A construction module 401 for constructing a water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem;

[0138] A setting module 402 for setting the leaf area index and vegetation types within the target basin, and constructing a basin baseline scenario plan and a basin vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation types;

[0139] A first calculation module 403 for calculating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the basin vegetation restoration plan by using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem; wherein, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount;

[0140] A second calculation module 404 for calculating the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount corresponding to the basin baseline scenario plan by using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem;

[0141] An evaluation module 405 for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the basin vegetation restoration based on the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration, and obtaining a carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation result.

[0142] In some alternative embodiments, the first calculation module 403 includes:

[0143] A simulation unit for performing a water cycle simulation on the basin vegetation restoration plan by using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem to obtain the basin runoff, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, surface runoff, and subsurface flow;

[0144] A first determination unit for obtaining the water level drop of the river reach in the target basin, and determining the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the basin runoff and the water level drop of the river reach in the target basin;

[0145] A second determination unit for obtaining the bicarbonate ion concentration in the groundwater runoff, and determining the total karst carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, subsurface flow, and bicarbonate ion concentration;

[0146] A establishment unit for establishing a statistical model including the total primary productivity of the basin ecosystem, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, and actual evapotranspiration based on the water use efficiency and water-carbon flux data;

[0147] A third determination unit for determining the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the actual evapotranspiration by using the statistical model;

[0148] A calculation unit for calculating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration based on the total water-energy carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon sequestration amount, and the total karst carbon sequestration amount.

[0149] In some alternative embodiments, the first determination unit includes:

[0150] The first calculation subunit is configured to calculate the power generation capacity of the basin based on the water level drop of the river reach and the runoff of the basin;

[0151] The second calculation subunit is configured to obtain the average emission factor of the power grid and calculate the total carbon emission reduction of water energy caused by vegetation restoration based on the power generation capacity of the basin and the average emission factor of the power grid.

[0152] In some alternative embodiments, the second determination unit includes:

[0153] The third calculation subunit is configured to obtain the basin area and calculate the runoff modulus of the basin based on surface runoff, subsurface flow, groundwater runoff, and the basin area;

[0154] The fourth calculation subunit is configured to calculate the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration based on the runoff modulus of the basin and the concentration of bicarbonate in groundwater runoff.

[0155] In some alternative embodiments, the calculation formula for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration in the calculation unit is:

[0156]

[0157] Wherein, represents the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the th basin vegetation restoration plan, represents the total carbon emission reduction of water energy caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, represents the basin area.

[0158] In some alternative embodiments, the evaluation module 405 is specifically configured to compare the difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration with a preset threshold, and determine the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect based on the comparison result.

[0159] The further function descriptions of the above-mentioned various modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments above, and will not be elaborated here.

[0160] The carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation device for basin vegetation restoration in this embodiment is presented in the form of functional units. Here, the unit refers to an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) circuit, a processor and a memory that execute one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0161] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device having the above Figure 4 shown carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation device for basin vegetation restoration.

[0162] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an alternative embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 5 shown, the computer device includes: one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting various components, including a high-speed interface and a low-speed interface. Each component communicates with each other using different buses and can be installed on a common motherboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in the memory or on the memory to display graphical information of the GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some alternative embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (for example, as a server array, a set of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 5 In

[0163] FIG. 11, one processor 10 is taken as an example.

[0164] The processor 10 can be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Among them, the processor 10 can further include a hardware chip. The above hardware chip can be an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device, or a combination thereof. The above programmable logic device can be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a general array logic, or any combination thereof.

[0164] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10, so that the at least one processor 10 executes the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0165] The memory 20 can include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the computer device. In addition, the memory 20 can include a high-speed random access memory and can also include a non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 can optionally include a memory remotely set relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories can be connected to the computer device through a network. Examples of the above network include but are not limited to the Internet, an enterprise intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0166] The memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid state drive; the memory 20 may further include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0167] The computer device further includes an input device 30 and an output device 40. The processor 10, the memory 20, the input device 30 and the output device 40 may be connected by a bus or other means. Figure 5 Taking connection by bus as an example.

[0168] The input device 30 can receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal inputs related to the user settings and function controls of the computer device, such as touch screens, keypads, mice, trackpads, touchpads, pointing sticks, one or more mouse buttons, trackballs, joysticks, etc. The output device 40 may include display devices, auxiliary lighting devices (such as LEDs), and tactile feedback devices (such as vibration motors), etc. The above display devices include but are not limited to liquid crystal displays, light emitting diodes, displays, and plasma displays. In some alternative embodiments, the display device may be a touch screen.

[0169] The embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium. The methods according to the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or be implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or be implemented by downloading through a network the original computer code stored in a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and to be stored in a local storage medium, so that the methods described herein can be stored in such software processes on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium may further include a combination of the above types of memory. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code, and when the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, the processor, or the hardware, the methods shown in the above embodiments are implemented.

[0170] A part of the present invention can be applied as a computer program product, for example, computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can call or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the present invention through the operations of the computer. Those skilled in the art should understand that the forms of existence of computer program instructions in a computer-readable medium include but are not limited to source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways for computer program instructions to be executed by a computer include but are not limited to: the computer directly executes the instructions, or the computer compiles the instructions and then executes the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reads and executes the instructions, or the computer reads and installs the instructions and then executes the corresponding installed program. Herein, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to the computer.

[0171] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration, characterized in that: The method comprises: Construct a water-carbon coupling model for terrestrial ecosystems in the watershed; Setting the leaf area index and vegetation type in the target watershed, and constructing a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation type; The water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem is used to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan; wherein the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration includes the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration; Calculate the baseline carbon sequestration reduction corresponding to the baseline scenario of the basin using the water-carbon coupling model of the terrestrial ecosystem of the basin; Based on the benchmark carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by the vegetation restoration, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration is evaluated to obtain a carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation result; The method of calculating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the watershed vegetation restoration plan using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem includes: The water cycle of the watershed vegetation restoration scheme is simulated using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem to obtain the watershed runoff, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, surface runoff and intersoil flow; Obtaining the water level difference of a river section in a target watershed, and determining the total amount of carbon emission reduction of hydropower caused by the vegetation restoration based on the watershed runoff and the water level difference of a river section in the target watershed; Obtaining the bicarbonate concentration in the groundwater runoff, and determining the total amount of karst carbon fixation caused by the vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, soil flow and the bicarbonate concentration; Based on water use efficiency and water carbon flux data, a statistical model including total primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity and actual evapotranspiration of the watershed ecosystem was established; Based on the actual evapotranspiration, determining the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by the vegetation restoration using the statistical model; The carbon emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration is calculated based on the total hydropower carbon emission reduction amount, the total vegetation carbon fixation amount and the total karst carbon fixation amount.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the runoff of the watershed and the water level drop of the river section of the target watershed includes: Calculate the amount of electricity that can be generated in the basin based on the water level difference of the river section and the runoff of the basin; The average emission factor of the power grid is obtained, and the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration is calculated based on the power generation capacity of the river basin and the average emission factor of the power grid.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining the total amount of karst carbon fixation caused by the vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, soil flow and the bicarbonate concentration includes: Acquire a watershed area, and calculate a watershed runoff modulus based on the surface runoff, the subsoil flow, the groundwater runoff, and the watershed area; The total amount of karst carbon fixation caused by the vegetation restoration is calculated based on the basin runoff modulus and the bicarbonate concentration in the groundwater runoff.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration is calculated based on the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon fixation and the total amount of karst carbon fixation; wherein the calculation formula for the carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration is: in, Indicates Carbon sequestration reduction caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to each watershed vegetation restoration plan, represents the total amount of hydropower carbon reduction caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of karst carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, represents the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration, Represents the watershed area.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration is evaluated based on the benchmark carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by the vegetation restoration to obtain the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation result, including: The difference between the baseline carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration is compared with a preset threshold, and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation result is determined based on the comparison result.

6. A device for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration, characterized in that: The device comprises: Building modules for constructing water-carbon coupling models for terrestrial ecosystems in watersheds; A setting module, used to set the leaf area index and vegetation type in the target watershed, and to construct a watershed baseline scenario plan and a watershed vegetation restoration plan based on the leaf area index and vegetation type; The first calculation module is used to calculate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration corresponding to the vegetation restoration plan of the watershed by using the water-carbon coupling model of the watershed terrestrial ecosystem; wherein the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by vegetation restoration includes the total amount of water energy carbon emission reduction, the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration and the total amount of karst carbon sequestration; The second calculation module is used to calculate the baseline carbon sequestration reduction corresponding to the baseline scenario of the basin by using the water-carbon coupling model of the terrestrial ecosystem of the basin; An evaluation module is used to evaluate the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect of the watershed vegetation restoration based on the benchmark carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction amount caused by the vegetation restoration, and obtain a carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect evaluation result; The first calculation module includes: The simulation unit is used to simulate the water cycle of the basin vegetation restoration plan using the water-carbon coupling model of the basin terrestrial ecosystem, and obtain the basin runoff, actual evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, surface runoff and soil flow; The first determination unit is used to obtain the water level difference of the river section of the target watershed, and determine the total amount of hydropower carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the watershed runoff and the water level difference of the river section of the target watershed; The second determination unit is used to obtain the bicarbonate concentration in the groundwater runoff, and determine the total amount of karst carbon fixation caused by vegetation restoration based on the groundwater runoff, surface runoff, soil flow and bicarbonate concentration; Establish a unit for building a statistical model that includes total primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem productivity and actual evapotranspiration in the watershed based on water use efficiency and water carbon flux data; A third determination unit is used to determine the total amount of vegetation carbon sequestration caused by vegetation restoration using a statistical model based on actual evapotranspiration; A calculation unit is used to calculate the carbon emission reduction caused by vegetation restoration based on the total carbon emission reduction of hydropower, the total carbon sequestration of vegetation and the total carbon sequestration of karst.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the method for evaluating the carbon fixation and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 5 by executing the computer instructions.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects of watershed vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that It comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the method for evaluating the carbon fixation and emission reduction effect of watershed vegetation restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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