Thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of thermal radiation technology, and in particular to a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device, comprising: a fixed component; a first bottle body, mounted on the fixed component, and provided with a first surface; a second bottle body, mounted on the fixed component, and provided with a second surface, arranged opposite to the first surface, and having different colors; a heater, slidably mounted on the fixed component, and located on the symmetry line of the first bottle body and the second bottle body; a connecting pipe, provided with a bending portion, with liquid added inside, one end connected to the first bottle body, and the other end connected to the second bottle body. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device provided by the present invention can combine the demonstration and measurement of thermal radiation, thereby improving the richness, intuitiveness, and interactivity of thermal radiation experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of thermal radiation, and in particular to a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device. Background Art

[0002] In traditional thermal radiation experiment teaching, it usually relies on machine-based counting and measurement methods, lacking intuitive demonstration of physical phenomena. As a result, students cannot intuitively feel the thermal radiation process and can only understand and learn the laws of thermal radiation in an abstract way.

[0003] Problems with traditional thermal radiation experimental devices:

[0004] (1) Uniformity: Traditional thermal radiation demonstration devices use a single black body and a white body as thermal radiators. Students cannot feel the difference in radiation ability of different colors and surface roughness.

[0005] (2) Lack of intuitiveness: Traditional experimental devices cannot provide intuitive physical images of thermal radiation, making it difficult for students to form an intuitive understanding;

[0006] (3) Poor experimental interactivity: Students lack a sense of participation and interactivity during the experiment and are unable to experience the thermal radiation phenomenon firsthand;

[0007] (4) Disconnection between theory and practice: When students understand the law of thermal radiation, they find it difficult to connect abstract theories with actual physical phenomena.

[0008] Therefore, how to combine the demonstration and measurement of thermal radiation, improve the richness, intuitiveness and interactivity of thermal radiation experimental equipment, and combine theory with practice has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0009] The invention provides a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device, which is used to solve the problem of how to combine the demonstration and measurement of thermal radiation, improve the richness, intuitiveness and interactivity of the thermal radiation experimental device, and combine theory with practice.

[0010] The present invention provides a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device, comprising:

[0011] Fixing components;

[0012] A first bottle body, mounted on the fixing assembly, and provided with a first surface;

[0013] A second bottle body is mounted on the fixing assembly and is provided with a second surface, which is arranged opposite to the first surface and has a different color from the first surface;

[0014] A heater is slidably mounted on the fixing assembly and is located on a symmetry line between the first bottle body and the second bottle body;

[0015] The connecting tube is provided with a bending portion, liquid is added inside, one end is connected to the first bottle body, and the other end is connected to the second bottle body.

[0016] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0017] A Crookes radiometer is located on the fixed component.

[0018] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0019] A first temperature sensor, fixed on the first surface;

[0020] The second temperature sensor is fixed on the second surface.

[0021] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0022] An infrared thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the first bottle body and the second bottle body.

[0023] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0024] The radiation power measuring instrument is used to measure the radiation power of the first bottle body and the second bottle body.

[0025] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0026] A pressure gauge, used to detect the air tightness of the first bottle body and the second bottle body;

[0027] A vernier caliper, used to measure the height of the liquid column in the connecting tube;

[0028] The two-way valve is used to connect the two ends of the connecting pipe.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first bottle body and the second bottle body are both square bottles, the four sides of the square bottle have the same or different colors, and the four sides of the square bottle have the same or different surface roughness;

[0030] The number of the first bottle body and the number of the second bottle body are both multiple.

[0031] In some embodiments, the heater is a U-shaped carbon fiber heating tube, both ends of which are connected to support rods, and an insulating sleeve is provided on the periphery of the carbon fiber heating tube, and the insulating sleeve can slide to the periphery of the support rod.

[0032] In some embodiments, a limit rod is further included, which is clamped with the support rod. When the insulation sleeve is arranged on the outer periphery of the support rod, the limit rod abuts against the top end of the insulation sleeve. A hook is provided at one end of the limit rod for adapting to a slot at one end of the insulation sleeve.

[0033] In some embodiments, a connection line is provided on the upper surface of the fixing assembly, and the connection line connects the first bottle body and the second bottle body;

[0034] The upper surface of the fixing assembly is provided with scale lines, and the scale lines are used to mark the distance between the heater and the first bottle body or the second bottle body.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] Compared with the prior art which uses a single spherical black body and a white body as radiators, the present application designs rectangular radiators of different colors and roughnesses, so that students can feel the difference in thermal radiation abilities of different colors and roughnesses, thereby improving the richness and interest of the experiment; by designing different radiators to be connected to both ends of the connecting tube, the difference in radiation received by different radiators is used to drive the height difference of the liquid in the connecting tube, so that students can intuitively observe and understand the abstract thermal radiation theory and laws, and can link the theory with actual physical phenomena; by installing and adjusting the first bottle body and the second bottle body, adjusting the first surface and the second surface, and measuring the liquid level height difference of the connecting tube, students' sense of participation and interactivity are improved, so that students can change or adjust the first surface and the second surface of different colors and roughnesses according to their interests, thereby stimulating students' desire to explore and learn about thermal radiation, and making the boring theory rich and interesting, and being able to simultaneously measure and verify the laws related to thermal radiation and demonstrate the thermal radiation phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The connection diagram of the carbon fiber heating tube, the support rod and the rotating box is shown;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing assembly shown;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A top view of the operating surface shown;

[0041] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the thermal insulation sleeve shown;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of Lambert's cosine law;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of Wien's displacement law.

[0044] In the accompanying drawings, 1, fixed assembly; 2, first bottle body; 21, first surface; 3, second bottle body; 31, second surface; 4, connecting pipe; 5, Crookes radiometer; 6, pressure gauge; 7, vernier caliper; 8, two-way valve; 9, carbon fiber heating tube; 10, support rod; 11, insulation sleeve; 12, limit rod; 13, connecting line; 14, scale line; 15, rotating box; 16, slider; 17, slide rail; 18, operating surface; 19, mounting hole; 20, strip groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] As described in the background technology, the traditional thermal radiation experiment teaching lacks intuitive demonstration, has problems such as singleness, lack of intuitiveness, poor interactivity, and disconnection between theory and practice. Therefore, how to combine the demonstration and measurement of thermal radiation, improve the richness, intuitiveness, and interactivity of the thermal radiation experimental device, and combine theory with practice has become a technical problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently.

[0047] To solve the above problems, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The present invention provides a thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device, comprising: a fixing component 1 and a first bottle body 2, a second bottle body 3, a heater and a connecting pipe 4 installed on the fixing component 1, the first bottle body 2 is provided with a first surface 21, the second bottle body 3 is provided with a second surface 31, the second surface 31 is arranged opposite to the first surface 21, and they are different colors or different roughness, that is, the second surface 31 is different in color from the first surface 21, or the second surface 31 is different in color from the first surface 21, and has a different surface roughness. Exemplarily, the first surface 21 is black and the second surface 31 is rough yellow. After the comparative test of thermal radiation, the first surface 21 is kept stationary, the second surface 31 is replaced with a smooth yellow, and then the thermal radiation comparative test is carried out. The heater is slidably connected to the fixed component 1, and the heater is located on the symmetry line formed by the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3, that is, the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 are respectively located on both sides of the heater and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the heater, and then the first surface 21 and the second surface 31 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the heater, and the first surface 21 and the second surface 31 are equidistant from the heater, the first surface 21 is arranged opposite to the heater, and the second surface 31 is arranged opposite to the heater, the connecting tube 4 is provided with a bending portion, and liquid is added inside, one end of the connecting tube 4 is connected to the first bottle body 2, and the other end is connected to the second bottle body 3, and preferably, the connecting tube 4 is a U-shaped tube.

[0048] During specific implementation, the heater is turned on and the heater heats up. Based on the different colors of the first surface 21 and the second surface 31 receiving different thermal radiation, the thermal radiation of the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 is different. The air in the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 expands to different degrees due to heat, that is, the air pressure difference. The air pressure difference drives the liquid in the connecting tube 4 to flow. There is a liquid level difference on both sides of the connecting tube 4, which is convenient for students to intuitively observe the difference in thermal radiation of different colors.

[0049] Exemplarily, taking the conventional black and white as an example, the first surface 21 is black and the second surface 31 is white. Since black has a strong ability to absorb thermal radiation and white has a weak ability to absorb thermal radiation, the temperature of the first surface 21 is higher than that of the second surface 31, resulting in the temperature of the first bottle body 2 being higher than that of the second bottle body 3, and the gas pressure in the first bottle body 2 being greater than the gas pressure in the second bottle body 3. Then, the gas pressure in the first bottle body 2 pushes the liquid in the connecting tube 4 toward the second bottle body 3, and the liquid level on the side where the connecting tube 4 is connected to the second bottle body 3 rises, while the liquid level on the side where the connecting tube 4 is connected to the first bottle body 2 decreases, making it easier for students to intuitively observe and understand thermal radiation.

[0050] Compared with the prior art that uses a single black body and a white body as radiators, the present application designs radiators of different colors and roughnesses, so that students can feel the difference in thermal radiation abilities of different colors and different roughnesses, thereby improving the richness and interest of the experiment; by designing different radiators to be connected to both ends of the connecting tube 4, the difference in radiation received by different radiators is used to drive the height difference of the liquid in the connecting tube 4, so that students can intuitively observe and understand the abstract thermal radiation theory and laws, and so that students can link the theory with actual physical phenomena; by installing and adjusting the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 2, adjusting the first surface 21 and the second surface 31, and measuring the height difference of the liquid level in the connecting tube 4, students' sense of participation and interactivity are improved, so that students can change or adjust the first surface 21 and the second surface 31 of different colors and roughnesses according to their interests, thereby stimulating students' desire and interest in exploring thermal radiation, and making the boring theory rich and interesting.

[0051] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a Crookes radiometer 5, which is installed on the fixed component 1. The heater is turned on and heated up. Based on the fact that the black blades in the Crookes radiometer 5 have a greater ability to absorb thermal radiation than the white blades, the temperature of the gas near the black blades increases, which drives the blades to rotate. In other words, depending on whether the temperature is increased or decreased, the blades are observed to rotate counterclockwise or clockwise, so that students can understand the abstract principle of thermal radiation through intuitive blade rotation.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is fixed on the first surface 21, and the second temperature sensor is fixed on the second surface 31. Preferably, the first temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the first surface 21 by a high-temperature resistant Teflon tape of the same color as the first surface 21, and the second temperature sensor is attached to the second surface 31 by a high-temperature resistant Teflon tape of the same color as the second surface 31. The first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the first surface 21, and the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the second surface 31, which is convenient for verifying the thermal radiation law through temperature conversion. By using tapes of the same color, it is possible to avoid interference caused by different tape colors that affect the thermal radiation results, thereby affecting the verification of the thermal radiation law.

[0053] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: an infrared thermometer, which is used to measure the temperature of the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3. Students can hold the infrared thermometer to measure the temperature of other surfaces other than the first surface 21 and the second surface 31, so as to intuitively feel the phenomenon of thermal radiation absorption difference through temperature difference, thereby improving student participation and interactivity.

[0054] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a radiation power measuring instrument, which is used to measure the radiation power of the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3. By setting up the radiation power measuring instrument, the radiation power can be quantitatively measured, and the verification of the laws related to thermal radiation is facilitated.

[0055] In some of the embodiments, the radiation power measuring instrument includes an infrared sensor probe, a display screen, and a software system, and the infrared sensor probe is capable of detecting radiation power.

[0056] In some of the embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a controller, which is electrically connected to the radiation power measuring instrument, the first temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor.

[0057] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a pressure gauge 6, which is used to detect the air tightness of the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3. The pressure gauge 6 is connected to the first bottle body 2 or the second bottle body 3, respectively, to detect the air tightness of the first bottle body 2 or the second bottle body 3.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a vernier caliper 7, mounted on the fixing assembly 1, for measuring the height of the liquid column in the connecting tube 4. Exemplarily, there are two vernier calipers 7, which are respectively located on both sides of the connecting tube 4 and are respectively used to measure the height of the liquid column on both sides of the connecting tube 4.

[0059] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes: a two-way valve 8, which is used to connect the two sides of the connecting pipe 4. To measure the influence of different colors or roughness on thermal radiation during the heating process, the two-way valve 8 is first opened, the air pressure at both ends of the connecting pipe 4 is the same, and the height of the liquid column on both sides of the connecting pipe 4 is the same. The two-way valve 8 is closed, and then the heater is turned on. The heater heats up, and the air pressure on both sides of the connecting pipe 4 is different, resulting in a height difference between the liquid columns on both sides; similarly, to measure the influence of different colors or roughness on thermal radiation during the cooling process, the heater is first closed and then the two-way valve 8 is opened. The air pressure at both ends of the connecting pipe 4 is the same, and the height of the liquid column on both sides of the connecting pipe 4 is the same, and then the two-way valve 8 is closed. It can be seen that the two-way valve 8 is provided to facilitate ensuring that the air pressure on both sides of the connecting pipe 4 is the same before the experiment, especially when switching between heating and cooling experiments, or cooling and heating experiments.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 are both bottles with different colors on four sides or single colors on four sides, or bottles with different colors on smooth surfaces or bottles with different colors on rough surfaces, or bottles with two or three of the four sides with the same color, and illustratively, the four sides are all black, all white, all green, etc. Preferably, the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 are both bottles with different colors on four sides, so that more color or roughness comparison tests can be performed, and there is no need to replace the bottle body, and the bottle body only needs to be rotated to rotate different colors to be parallel to the heater for testing, which improves the test efficiency and is simple and convenient to operate. That is to say, the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 are both square bottles, and the four sides of the square bottle are sprayed with different colors. The test surface of the square bottle can be parallel to the surface where the heater is located, and the two adjacent sides of the test surface are perpendicular to the surface where the heater is located, thereby avoiding interference between the two adjacent sides on the test surface and affecting the experimental results. The square bottle can improve the accuracy of the thermal radiation experiment; it is only necessary to rotate the square bottle until the test surface is parallel to the surface where the heater is located, and the test can be carried out without changing the square bottle. One square bottle can be used for four experiments, and the different colors on the four sides greatly improve the richness of the experiment and the convenience of operation.

[0061] In some embodiments, there are multiple first bottle bodies 2 and multiple second bottle bodies 3. The surface roughness and color of the multiple first bottle bodies 2 and the second bottle bodies 3 are different, and thermal radiation comparison experiments with different colors and roughnesses can be performed, which greatly improves the richness and fun of the experiment and stimulates students' desire and interest in knowledge exploration.

[0062] In some embodiments, the heater is a U-shaped carbon fiber heating tube 9, both ends of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 are connected to a support rod 10, the support rod 10 is located at the lower end of the carbon fiber heating tube 9, and the carbon fiber heating tube 9 and the two support rods 10 are located in the same plane. This design is to facilitate the experimental verification of Lambert's cosine law. Specifically, wires extend from both ends of the carbon fiber heating tube 9, and the wires are incorporated into the support rod 10. The outer periphery of the support rod 10 is provided with an insulating layer. The bottoms of the two support rods 10 are inserted into the rotating box 15, and the wires are inserted into the rotating box 15 with the support rod 10, and then pass through the rotating box 15 to connect the switch and the plug. When in use, plug the plug into the 220V socket, and then turn on the power switch to achieve heating of the carbon fiber heating tube 9. The bottom of the rotating box 15 rotates to connect the slider 16, and the slider 16 is embedded in the slide rail 17 of the fixed component 1.

[0063] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 is provided with an insulation sleeve 11, and the insulation sleeve 11 can slide to the outer periphery of the support rod 10. When performing a temperature increase experiment, the insulation sleeve 11 is slid to the outer periphery of the support rod 10, and when performing a temperature decrease experiment, the insulation sleeve 11 is slid to the outer periphery of the carbon fiber heating tube 9, so as to avoid the residual heat of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 interfering with the temperature decrease experiment, thereby improving the accuracy of the temperature decrease experiment.

[0064] In some of the embodiments, the insulation sleeve 11 is a cylindrical structure, including a plurality of concentric rings, partitions are provided between the rings, forming a plurality of sealed cavities, the sealed cavities are filled with air, and the insulation sleeve 11 is made of insulation material. Preferably, the sealed cavity is evacuated, and the insulation material is silica aerogel. Silica aerogel has good insulation effect, and the vacuum sealed cavity can effectively prevent the waste heat of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 from being conducted outward. By setting a plurality of vacuum insulation cavities and silica aerogel materials, the waste heat of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 can be effectively isolated, thereby improving the accuracy of the cooling experiment and the safety of the experiment.

[0065] In some embodiments, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device further includes a limit rod 12, which is engaged with the support rod 10. When the thermal insulation sleeve 11 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support rod 10, the limit rod 12 abuts against the top of the thermal insulation sleeve 11. One end of the limit rod 12 is provided with a hook for matching with a slot at one end of the thermal insulation sleeve 11. Preferably, one end of the limit rod 12 is provided with a telescopic portion, which can be extended and retracted along the axial direction of the limit rod 12. The hook can be embedded in the telescopic portion. The hook is rotatably connected to the telescopic portion. When the hook is not in use, the hook is bent into the telescopic portion to improve safety. When it is necessary to measure the angle between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 and the normal direction of the first surface 21, the telescopic portion is extended to facilitate angle measurement.

[0066] The limiting rod 12 has four functions: one is to rotate the carbon fiber heating tube 9. When verifying Lambert's cosine law, it is necessary to rotate the normal angle of the carbon fiber heating tube 9. By rotating the limiting rod 12, the limiting rod 12 drives the two support rods 10 to rotate synchronously, and the support rod 10 drives the carbon fiber heating tube 9 to rotate. Students can adjust the normal angle of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 by rotating the limiting rod 12, which is convenient for operation and improves the safety and stability of the experiment; the second is to limit the thermal insulation sleeve 11. When the carbon fiber heating tube 9 is heated, the thermal insulation sleeve 11 is moved to the outer periphery of the support rod 10, and the limiting rod 12 is against the top of the thermal insulation sleeve 11 to prevent the thermal insulation sleeve 11 from moving upward to the carbon fiber The outer periphery of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 is affected, which affects the heat transfer of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 to the square bottle, and further affects the thermal radiation experiment; thirdly, it is convenient to move the insulation sleeve 11. A hook is set at one end of the limit rod 12, and a slot is set at one end of the insulation sleeve 11. The limit rod 12 is removed from the support rod 10. The student holds the limit rod 12, inserts the hook into the slot, and moves the limit rod 12. The limit rod 12 can drive the insulation sleeve 11 to slide. The operation is convenient, avoids scalding, and improves the safety of the experimental operation; fourthly, it is convenient to measure the angle between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube 9 and the normal direction of the first surface 21. When verifying Lambert's cosine law, the telescopic part of the limit rod 12 is lengthened to facilitate the measurement of the angle.

[0067] In some embodiments, a connecting line 13 is provided on the upper surface of the fixing component 1, and the connecting line 13 connects the first bottle body and the second bottle body. When verifying Lambert's cosine law, the telescopic portion of the limit rod 12 is lengthened, and the limit rod 12 forms an angle with the connecting line 13, which is convenient for directly measuring the angle, improves the measurement accuracy, and facilitates rotating the limit rod 12 according to the angle to adjust the normal angle of the carbon fiber heating tube 9.

[0068] In some embodiments, the upper surface of the fixing assembly 1 is provided with scale lines 14, and the scale lines 14 are used to mark the distance between the heater and the first bottle body 2 or the second bottle body 3. The distance between the carbon fiber heating tube 9 and the first surface 21 can be directly read through the mark by simply moving the carbon fiber heating tube 9, without measurement, thereby improving the convenience of the experiment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the fixing assembly 1 comprises an operating surface 18 and a box body that are rotatably connected. A mounting hole 19 is provided on the operating surface 18. The first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 can be embedded in the mounting hole 19. The number of mounting holes 19 is at least 2. A strip groove 20 is provided between two adjacent mounting holes 19. The two adjacent mounting holes 19 are symmetrically distributed about the strip groove 20. The strip groove 20 runs through the edge of the operating surface 18. That is, one end of the strip groove 20 is located on the connecting line 13 of the two adjacent mounting holes 19, and the other end runs through the edge of the operating surface 18. A slide rail 17 is provided at the upper end of the box body. The slider 16 is embedded in the slide rail 17 and can slide along the slide rail 17. Preferably, the operating surface 18 is a square structure. The number of mounting holes 19 and the strip groove 20 are both 4. Square bottles are inserted into the 4 mounting holes 19. The operating surface 20 adjacent to the strip groove 20 is provided with a scale line 14. The scale line 14 is arranged along the length direction of the strip groove 20. During specific implementation, the limit rod 12 is pulled outward along the slide rail 17, and the slider 16 drives the carbon fiber heating tube 9 to move outward to the end of the travel of the slide rail 17. The carbon fiber heating tube 9 slides out of the operating surface 18 along the strip groove 20. At this time, the operating surface 18 is rotated 90°, and then the carbon fiber heating tube 9 is pushed into another strip groove 20 along the slide rail 17 to complete the switching between different square bottles.

[0070] In some of the embodiments, water mixed with color ink is added into the connecting tube 4. Preferably, water with blue ink is added dropwise, so as to facilitate observation of changes in the height of the liquid column.

[0071] In some embodiments, the bottoms of the first bottle body 2 and the second bottle body 3 are connected to the air pipe through a PP male straight joint, the air pipe is connected to a three-way joint, and the two outer branches of the three-way joint are respectively connected to the two-way valve 8 and the connecting pipe 4.

[0072] Compared with the measurement devices in the prior art that can only verify a single thermal radiation law, the thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device of the present application can be used to verify Kirchhoff's thermal radiation law, Lambert's cosine law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and Wien's displacement law.

[0073] Verification Example 1: Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Radiation

[0074] Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation: The thermal radiation ability M(v, T) of all objects is proportional to the absorption ability α(v, T), and the ratio is only related to the frequency v and the temperature T, that is: M(λ, T) / α(λ, T)=f(λ, T), where f(λ, T) is a universal function independent of the material. This means that the stronger the absorption ability of an object, the stronger its emission ability. A black body is the best radiator, and a white body is the best reflector.

[0075] The liquid column pressure gauge is designed based on the principle of fluid statics, and its static pressure balance equation is:

[0076] Therefore, a square bottle with four different colored surfaces and a rough surface can be used as a radiator. The difference in radiation ability of different colors can be achieved through:

[0077] a. Based on the different air pressures in the two square bottles of different colors, the liquid level difference in the U-shaped tube connecting the square bottles is used to indicate;

[0078] b. Indicated by the temperature of the radiating surface measured by the temperature sensor.

[0079] Experimental steps:

[0080] 1. Square black and white bottle as radiator

[0081] (1) Rotate the square black bottle and white bottle to the front of the device, and connect the black bottle and white bottle to the U-shaped tube respectively;

[0082] (2) Paste two USB temperature sensors on the radiation surface of the black bottle and the white bottle respectively, connect the USB interface to the computer, and use the 485 network to collect data;

[0083] (3) Use an infrared thermometer to measure the surface temperature of the other three surfaces of the black bottle and the white bottle;

[0084] (4) Close the two-way valve, turn on the heating switch of the carbon fiber heating tube, and record the height of the liquid column in the U-shaped tube every 10 seconds;

[0085] (5) Turn off the heating switch, pull out the carbon fiber heating tube along the slide rail, open the two-way valve, and close the two-way valve when the liquid column difference in the U-shaped tube returns to zero. Record the height of the liquid column every 10 seconds.

[0086] 2. The four-sided smooth bottle with different colors is used as a radiator

[0087] Turn the operating surface and move the four-sided bottles with different colors to both sides of the carbon fiber heating tube. Use the same color tape to stick the temperature sensor to its heated surface and repeat step 1.

[0088] 3. Rough surface four-sided different color bottle as radiator

[0089] Turn the operating surface and move the rough four-sided bottles to both sides of the carbon fiber heating tube. Use the same color tape to stick the temperature sensor to its heated surface and repeat step 1.

[0090] 4. Draw a graph showing the evolution of the height difference of the liquid column in the U-shaped tube over time when the heating surfaces are of different colors.

[0091] Verification Example 2: Lambert's Cosine Law

[0092] Lambert's cosine law: The distribution law of the radiation energy radiated by a surface radiation source into space in all directions of space conforms to the cosine law: , that is, the radiation energy value in the direction of the surface normal is the largest, and it is zero in the tangent direction, and the other directions are determined by cosθ.

[0093] Experimental steps:

[0094] (1) The angle between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube surface and the normal direction of the black bottle surface is 0°:

[0095] Stick the temperature sensor to the square black bottle radiation surface, pull the carbon fiber heating tube along the slide rail until the distance between the carbon fiber heating tube and the black bottle radiation surface is 14.3 cm, rotate the carbon fiber heating tube and the black bottle respectively until the angle between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube surface and the normal direction of the black bottle surface is 0°, turn on the carbon fiber heating tube switch, and record the surface temperature of the black bottle after 30 seconds;

[0096] (2) The angles between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube surface and the normal direction of the black bottle surface are 30°, 45°, and 60° respectively, and step (1) is repeated in sequence.

[0097] Radiated power meter calibration:

[0098] The carbon fiber heating tube is selected as the radiator to calibrate the high temperature area. The specific steps are as follows:

[0099] (1) Turn on the carbon fiber heating tube for heating. When the temperature of the carbon fiber heating tube rises to 250°C, turn off the carbon fiber heating tube. Place an infrared thermometer and a radiation power meter 15 cm away from the carbon fiber heating tube. During the cooling process, continuously record the temperature and radiation power.

[0100] (2) Convert Celsius temperature to thermodynamic temperature and draw a relationship diagram between temperature and radiation power. The metal cube black surface of the "DHRH-1 thermal radiation and infrared scanning imaging device" in the school laboratory is used as the radiator to calibrate the low temperature area;

[0101] (3) Place a radiation power meter 15 cm away from the cube, turn on the cube heating switch, and record the radiation power readings of the homemade radiation power meter, USB temperature sensor, and laboratory instrument at every 0.5°C rise;

[0102] (4) Draw a graph showing the relationship between temperature and radiation power, and compare the two sets of radiation power data.

[0103] Verification Example 3: Stefan-Boltzmann Law

[0104] Stefan-Boltzmann law: The total power radiated per unit area of ​​a black body surface (called the object's radiance or energy flux density) It is proportional to the fourth power of the thermodynamic temperature T (also known as absolute temperature) of the black body itself: ,in, is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

[0105] Experimental steps:

[0106] (1) Use a completely black bottle as a radiator, stick a USB temperature sensor on the heated surface of the radiator, turn on the carbon fiber heating tube, wait until the heated surface temperature rises to about 100°C, stop heating, and place an infrared thermometer and a radiation power meter 15 cm away from the carbon fiber heating tube;

[0107] (2) Record the temperature and radiation power every time the temperature drops by 0.5°C until the temperature drops below 35°C;

[0108] (3) Convert Celsius temperature to thermodynamic temperature and draw a graph of the relationship between temperature and radiation power.

[0109] Verification Example 4: Wien's Displacement Law

[0110] Wien's displacement law: At a certain temperature, the temperature of an absolute black body corresponds to the peak wavelength of the maximum radiation energy The product of is a constant, that is ,in, is a universal constant.

[0111] Experimental steps:

[0112] (1) Select a completely black bottle as the radiator, stick the USB temperature sensor to the heated surface of the black body with black tape, turn on the carbon fiber heating tube switch, heat it to about 100°C, and then turn off the carbon fiber heating tube;

[0113] (2) Place the radiation power meter 15 cm away from the surface of the black radiator, and record the reading of the radiation power meter every time the temperature drops by 0.5°C until the heated surface temperature of the radiator drops below 35°C;

[0114] (3) Utilization The peak wavelength is calculated, and the relationship between the radiation power and is plotted. The maximum radiation value of each curve is a straight line.

[0115] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0116] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0117] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0118] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples" or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0119] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device, characterized in that: include: Fixing components; A first bottle body, mounted on the fixing assembly, and provided with a first surface; A second bottle body is mounted on the fixing assembly and is provided with a second surface, which is arranged opposite to the first surface and has a different color from the first surface; A heater is slidably mounted on the fixing assembly and is located on a symmetry line between the first bottle body and the second bottle body; A connecting tube, provided with a bent portion, with liquid added therein, one end of which is connected to the first bottle body, and the other end of which is connected to the second bottle body; The first bottle body and the second bottle body are both square bottles, the four sides of the square bottle have the same or different colors, and the four sides of the square bottle have the same or different surface roughness; the first bottle body and the second bottle body are both in multiple quantities; The heater is a U-shaped carbon fiber heating tube, both ends of which are connected to support rods, and an insulating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the carbon fiber heating tube, and the insulating sleeve can slide to the outer periphery of the support rod; it also includes a limit rod, which is clamped with the support rod, and when the insulating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support rod, the limit rod abuts against the top of the insulating sleeve, and one end of the limit rod is provided with a hook for matching with a slot at one end of the insulating sleeve; one end of the limit rod is provided with a telescopic part, which can be telescoped along the axial direction of the limit rod, and the hook can be embedded in the telescopic part; the normal angle of the carbon fiber heating tube can be adjusted by rotating the limit rod, and the telescopic part of the limit rod is lengthened to facilitate the measurement of the angle between the normal direction of the carbon fiber heating tube and the normal direction of the first surface; The fixing assembly comprises an operating surface and a box body which are rotatably connected. A mounting hole is provided on the operating surface. The first bottle body and the second bottle body can be embedded in the mounting holes. A strip groove is provided between two adjacent mounting holes. A slide rail is provided on the upper end of the box body. The slider is embedded in the slide rail and can slide along the slide rail. The limit rod is pulled outward along the slide rail, and the slider drives the carbon fiber heating tube to move outward to the end of the travel of the slide rail. The carbon fiber heating tube slides out of the operating surface along the strip groove. At this time, the operating surface is rotated 90°, and the carbon fiber heating tube is pushed into another strip groove along the slide rail to complete the switching between different square bottles.

2. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A Crookes radiometer is located on the fixed component.

3. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A first temperature sensor, fixed on the first surface; The second temperature sensor is fixed on the second surface.

4. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An infrared thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the first bottle body and the second bottle body.

5. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The radiation power measuring instrument is used to measure the radiation power of the first bottle body and the second bottle body.

6. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A pressure gauge, used to detect the air tightness of the first bottle body and the second bottle body; A vernier caliper, used to measure the height of the liquid column in the connecting tube; The two-way valve is used to connect the two ends of the connecting pipe.

7. The thermal radiation demonstration and measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A connecting line is provided on the upper surface of the fixing assembly, and the connecting line connects the first bottle body and the second bottle body; The upper surface of the fixing assembly is provided with scale lines, and the scale lines are used to mark the distance between the heater and the first bottle body or the second bottle body.

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