A tritium filling system of a fusion device and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a tritium feeding system of a fusion device and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeding of a controlled nuclear fusion device, and comprises a negative pressure containment operation space and a tritium gas transmission pipeline in the negative pressure containment operation space; the tritium gas transmission pipeline in the negative pressure containment operation space is sequentially provided with a gas storage device, a first pressure controller and a first pipeline pressure gauge in a gas transmission direction of the tritium gas transmission pipeline; the gas storage device is used for storing gas in the tritium gas transmission pipeline; the first pressure controller is used for controlling internal gas pressure of the tritium gas transmission pipeline; the first pipeline pressure gauge is used for detecting pipeline gas pressure at a front end of the injection valve; and the gas storage device is provided with a second pipeline pressure gauge used for detecting internal gas pressure of the gas storage device. The application can guarantee tritium feeding efficiency and realize efficient injection in a low-pressure working mode and a conventional pressure working mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion device feeding technology, specifically to a tritium feeding system for a fusion device and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In controlled nuclear fusion research, fueling is a fundamental system, playing a crucial role in controlling plasma operation with different types of fuel. Tritium fuel is an indispensable fuel for fusion devices capable of achieving core-level parameters, making effective tritium fueling control extremely important. Currently, conventional tritium fueling methods primarily involve gaseous feeding, and for safety reasons, the system pipeline pressure for tritium fueling is typically required to be below one atmosphere. Low pressure can affect the feeding effect, especially the feeding depth, thus impacting feeding efficiency. Furthermore, low feeding efficiency means that much tritium gas is adsorbed by the walls or extracted by the pump unit, entering the waste gas or tritium recirculation system, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of tritium control and treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a tritium feeding system and its control method for a fusion device, which can ensure tritium feeding efficiency and achieve high-efficiency injection under low-pressure gas supply.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A tritium feeding system for a fusion device includes:

[0006] A negative pressure containment operating space, and a tritium gas transmission pipeline located within the negative pressure containment operating space; the inlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space and connects to an external gas supply end, and the outlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space and connects to an external injection valve.

[0007] The tritium gas transmission pipeline is provided with a gas storage device, a first pressure controller, and a first pipeline barometer in sequence along its own gas transmission direction; the gas storage device is used to store the gas inside the tritium gas transmission pipeline; the first pressure controller is used to control the internal gas pressure of the tritium gas transmission pipeline; the first pipeline barometer is used to detect the pipeline gas pressure at the front end of the injection valve; the gas storage device is provided with a second pipeline barometer for detecting its own internal gas pressure;

[0008] The negative pressure containment operating space is under negative pressure, and its pressure is lower than the internal pressure values ​​of the tritium gas transmission pipeline, the gas storage device, the first pressure controller and the first pipeline barometer. The tritium gas transmission pipeline, the gas storage device, the first pressure controller and the first pipeline barometer are all located within the negative pressure containment operating space.

[0009] The first pressure controller is used to control the output pressure of the gas storage device to maintain a set threshold.

[0010] When there is a deviation between the pressure value detected by either the first pipeline barometer or the second pipeline barometer and the set threshold, the first pressure controller is used to increase or decrease the output pressure of the gas storage device according to the deviation value.

[0011] The injection valve can operate in a low-pressure mode and a normal pressure mode. The low-pressure mode is a pressure greater than 0.5 bar and less than 1 bar, and the normal pressure mode is a pressure greater than or equal to 1 bar.

[0012] In contrast to existing technologies, conventional tritium feeding methods primarily rely on gaseous feeding. For safety reasons, the system pipeline pressure for tritium feeding is typically required to be below one atmosphere. Low pressure can affect the feeding effect, especially the feeding depth, thus impacting feeding efficiency. Furthermore, low feeding efficiency means that much tritium gas is adsorbed by the walls or drawn away by the pump unit, entering the waste gas or tritium recirculation system. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of tritium control and treatment. This invention provides a tritium feeding system and its control method for fusion devices. Through remote pressure regulation, the injection valve can operate under normal pressure and still achieve good tritium feeding results even when the gas source pressure is below the required limit of one atmosphere. This ensures tritium feeding efficiency in low-pressure gas source mode, achieving high-efficiency injection and playing a crucial role in fusion device feeding and boundary particle control.

[0013] The specific design includes a negative pressure containment operating space. The internal pressure of this space is typically maintained at a negative pressure level, lower than the ambient pressure and the internal pressure of the components, to prevent leakage to the outside of the entire system in the short term. The internal tritium gas transmission pipeline is located within this negative pressure space. A gas supply end is connected to one end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline exiting the negative pressure containment operating space, providing fuel gas to the pipeline. An injection valve is connected to the other end of the pipeline, connected to a power controller and receiving control signals from it. To ensure the fuel beam performance during tritium fuel injection, the injection valve uses a Laval nozzle or a Laval-like nozzle structure, with the outlet typically located in the vacuum chamber of the fusion device. Inside the negative pressure containment operating space, a tritium gas transmission pipeline is sequentially equipped with a gas storage device, a first pressure controller, and a first pipeline barometer. The gas storage device, which can be a gas storage tank, is used to store gas and increase its pressure. The first pressure controller receives instructions from the acquisition and central control unit and controls the gas pressure output from the rear end of the gas storage tank to reach a set threshold. This allows the gas at the set threshold pressure to be delivered to the injection valve, increasing the gas pressure and improving the tritium feeding efficiency. The first pipeline barometer is used to detect the pressurized gas pressure. Additionally, the gas storage device also has a second pipeline barometer. Both the first and second pipeline barometers transmit detection signals to the acquisition and central control unit. Through analysis by the acquisition and central control unit, the detection, analysis, and pressure control of the fuel gas are achieved.

[0014] When the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline is high, a vacuum pump and a tritium circulation system are included to reduce the fuel gas pressure at the gas delivery end. The vacuum pump is located outside the negative pressure containment operating space, and extends into the negative pressure containment operating space through a vacuum pipeline, which is connected to the tritium gas transmission pipeline at the rear end of the first pressure controller. The vacuum pump is a vacuum pump and is connected to the tritium circulation system to maintain a vacuum pumping state for an extended period.

[0015] To control the fuel gas pressure within the extraction pipeline, a second pressure controller is installed on the extraction pipeline located inside the negative pressure containment operating space. Both the first and second pressure controllers are connected to the data acquisition and central controller and receive control signals from it. Normally, the pressure controllers should be in a closed state when there is no operating instruction, or this function should be achieved by a separate normally closed shut-off valve. The data acquisition and central processing unit can respond to external signal requests and measurement unit signals, sending control signals such as pressure, pulse width, and frequency to the actuator.

[0016] To protect the tritium gas transmission pipeline and prevent leakage, protective pipelines are coaxially fitted around the tritium gas transmission pipeline and the extraction pipeline located outside the negative pressure containment operating space. Each of these protective pipelines is filled with a protective gas. The protective gas is under negative pressure, i.e., lower than the ambient pressure and the pressure of the transmission pipeline. Different gases can be used in the three protective pipelines, but they cannot be the same gas detected by the gas detector. Helium or nitrogen is typically used, with nitrogen being preferred. The gas supply can be either separate or integrated to supply the working fluid and the protective pipeline gas.

[0017] To monitor the internal gas of the negative pressure containment operating space and protective pipeline in real time, a first gas detector is installed on the protective pipeline at the gas supply end; a second gas detector is installed on the negative pressure containment operating space; and a third gas detector is installed on the protective pipeline upstream of the injection valve. In this design, the gas detected by the gas detectors cannot be the same as the protective gas. A tritium / oxygen detector for independent monitoring or a mass spectrometer for integrated detection can be used to detect both tritium and oxygen. The first and third gas detectors are used to detect different sections of the protective pipeline; the second gas detector detects the negative pressure containment operating space; and the signals from the gas detectors are transmitted in real time to the acquisition and central control unit. Additionally, a high-precision single-gas alarm is included for early warning. After a system alarm signal is issued, the tritium fuel can be quickly recovered through the exhaust system to ensure environmental safety.

[0018] As a redundancy scheme, the first gas detector, the second gas detector, and the third gas detector all employ tritium / oxygen detectors or mass spectrometers.

[0019] As a redundancy solution, the protective gas is helium or nitrogen.

[0020] To detect the internal air pressure of the protective pipeline and the pressure of the air storage device, a third pressure gauge is installed on the protective pipeline at the air supply end for detecting the internal air pressure; a fourth pressure gauge is installed on the negative pressure containment operating space for detecting the internal air pressure; and a fifth pressure gauge is installed on the protective pipeline upstream of the injection valve for detecting the internal air pressure. All pressure gauge measurement signals are transmitted in real time to the data acquisition and central control unit. Due to the uncertainty of ambient pressure, absolute barometers are preferred.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a control method for a tritium feeding system of a fusion device, including the following state controls:

[0022] (1) When there is no fuel gas in the tritium transmission pipeline or the fuel gas pressure is lower than the set threshold, the acquisition and central controller unit outputs a command to the first pressure controller to make the first pressure controller reach the set threshold. Then, according to the set threshold, the gas in the gas storage device is injected into the pipeline at the front end of the injection valve to inject fuel gas. When the value of the first pipeline pressure gauge reaches the set threshold, the first pressure controller is turned off.

[0023] (2) When the second pipeline barometer detects that the internal pressure of the gas storage device is lower than the set threshold, and the count values ​​of the first pipeline barometer and the second pipeline barometer are the same, the data acquisition and central controller unit controls the first pressure controller to be turned off, and then increases the gas pressure at the gas supply end until the internal pressure of the gas storage device is the same as the set threshold. At this time, the gas pressure at the gas supply end is maintained, and the first pressure controller is turned on.

[0024] (3) When the fuel gas pressure in the tritium transmission pipeline is higher than the set threshold, the acquisition and central controller unit sends an instruction to the second pressure controller, and the fuel gas is gradually extracted by the pump according to the set threshold until the value of the first pipeline pressure gauge reaches the set threshold, and then the second pressure controller is shut down.

[0025] This also includes status control during the following cleaning states:

[0026] When it is necessary to purge the fuel gas inside the tritium gas transmission pipeline, open all valves on the tritium gas transmission pipeline and complete the back-extraction and recovery of fuel gas at the gas supply end until the entire pipeline is in a vacuum state.

[0027] Then, the gas supply end fills the tritium gas transmission pipeline with purging gas, and after filling, the pump is controlled to extract the purging gas in the tritium gas transmission pipeline to a vacuum state.

[0028] Repeat the above-described cleaning gas filling and extraction operations until the tritium content detected at the gas pump is below the limit, thus completing the cleaning work.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a tritium feeding system and control method for a fusion device, which uses a tritium ultrasonic molecular beam feeding system to regulate the pressure of the tritium fuel gas source, and at the same time ensures that the performance of the feeding system can still be maintained under low-pressure tritium feeding, thereby providing a guarantee for the tritium feeding and operation control of the fusion device.

[0031] 2. The present invention provides a tritium feeding system and control method for a fusion device, which keeps the tritium gas source constant below one atmosphere and injects tritium fuel gas under external demand conditions, maintaining a feeding efficiency similar to that under high pressure gas source; it can also adjust the gas source pressure according to requirements to achieve tritium fuel gas output and other types of gas output under different pressure requirements.

[0032] 3. The tritium feeding system and control method for a fusion device provided by the present invention adopts measures such as negative pressure space and double-layer enclosure, which can realize the monitoring of pipeline damage and tritium leakage, and take corresponding measures such as system shutdown and operation stoppage; it can also realize the rapid recovery of tritium fuel through the exhaust system after the system warning alarm signal is issued, so as to ensure environmental safety; and it can also realize the pipeline cleaning function to ensure the removal of residual gas in the pipeline. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of the tritium feeding system provided by the present invention.

[0035] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0036] 110 - Gas supply end, 210 - Tritium gas transmission pipeline, 220 - Protection pipeline, 310 - First gas detector, 320 - Second gas detector, 330 - Third gas detector, 410 - Third pipeline barometer, 420 - Second pipeline barometer, 430 - Fourth pipeline barometer, 440 - First pipeline barometer, 450 - Fifth pipeline barometer, 510 - Gas storage device, 610 - Negative pressure containment operating space, 710 - First pressure controller, 720 - Second pressure controller, 810 - Injection valve, 910 - Valve power controller, 1010 - Data acquisition and central controller unit, 1110 - Air pump. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: This Example 1 provides a tritium feeding system for a fusion device, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes:

[0039] The negative pressure containment operating space 610 and the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 located within the negative pressure containment operating space 610; the inlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space 610 and connects to an external gas supply end 110, and the outlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space 610 and connects to an external injection valve 810;

[0040] The tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 is provided with a gas storage device 510, a first pressure controller 710, and a first pipeline barometer 440 in sequence along its own gas transmission direction; the gas storage device 510 is used to store the gas inside the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210; the first pressure controller 710 is used to control the internal gas pressure of the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210; the first pipeline barometer 440 is used to detect the pipeline gas pressure at the front end of the injection valve 810; the gas storage device 510 is provided with a second pipeline barometer 420 for detecting its own internal gas pressure.

[0041] The negative pressure containment operating space 610 is under negative pressure, and its pressure is lower than the internal pressure values ​​of the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210, the gas storage device 510, the first pressure controller 710 and the first pipeline barometer 440. The tritium gas transmission pipeline 210, the gas storage device 510, the first pressure controller 710 and the first pipeline barometer 440 are all located within the negative pressure containment operating space 610.

[0042] The first pressure controller 710 is used to control the output pressure of the gas storage device 510 to maintain a set threshold.

[0043] When there is a deviation between the pressure value detected by either the first pipeline barometer 440 or the second pipeline barometer 420 and the set threshold, the first pressure controller 710 is used to increase or decrease the output pressure of the gas storage device 510 according to the deviation value.

[0044] The injection valve 810 can operate in a low-pressure mode and a normal pressure mode. The low-pressure mode is a pressure greater than 0.5 bar and less than 1 bar, and the normal pressure mode is a pressure greater than or equal to 1 bar.

[0045] Compared to existing technologies, conventional tritium feeding methods primarily rely on gas feeding. For safety reasons, the system pipeline pressure for tritium feeding is typically required to be below one atmosphere. Low pressure can affect the feeding effect, especially the feeding depth, thus impacting feeding efficiency. Furthermore, low feeding efficiency means that much tritium gas is adsorbed by the wall or drawn away by the extraction pump 1110, entering the waste gas or tritium recirculation system. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of tritium control and treatment. This invention provides a tritium feeding system and its control method for a fusion device. Through remote pressure regulation, the injection valve can operate under normal pressure and still achieve good tritium feeding results even when the gas source pressure is below the required limit of one atmosphere. This ensures tritium feeding efficiency in low-pressure gas source mode, achieving high-efficiency injection and playing a crucial role in fusion device feeding and boundary particle control.

[0046] The specific design includes a negative pressure containment operating space 610. The internal pressure of this space is typically maintained at a negative pressure level lower than the ambient and internal pressure of the components to prevent leakage to the outside of the entire system in the short term. The internal tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 is located within this negative pressure space. A gas supply end 110 is connected to one end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 that exits the negative pressure containment operating space 610. This gas supply end 110 provides fuel gas to the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210. An injection valve 810 is connected to the other end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline that exits the negative pressure containment operating space 610. A valve power controller 910 is connected to the valve and receives control signal commands from it. To ensure the fuel beam performance during tritium fuel injection, the injection valve 810 adopts a Laval nozzle or a Laval-like nozzle structure, with the outlet end typically located in the vacuum chamber of the fusion device. Inside the negative pressure enclosed operating space 610, a tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 is sequentially equipped with a gas storage device 510, a first pressure controller 710, and a first pipeline barometer 440. The gas storage device 510 can be a gas storage tank to store gas and increase its pressure. The first pressure controller 710 receives instructions from the acquisition and central controller unit 1010 to control the gas pressure output from the rear end of the gas storage tank to reach a set threshold, thereby delivering the gas at the set threshold pressure to the injection valve 810 to increase the gas pressure and improve tritium feeding efficiency. The first pipeline barometer 440 is used to detect the pressurized gas pressure. Additionally, the gas storage device 510 also includes a second pipeline barometer 420. Both the first and second pipeline barometers 440 transmit detection signals to the acquisition and central controller unit 1010. Through analysis by the acquisition and central controller unit 1010, the detection, analysis, and pressure control of the fuel gas are achieved.

[0047] When the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline is high, in order to reduce the fuel gas pressure at the gas delivery end, a vacuum pump 1110 and a tritium circulation system are also included. The vacuum pump 1110 is located outside the negative pressure containment operating space 610. The vacuum pump 1110 extends into the negative pressure containment operating space 610 through a vacuum pipeline and is connected to the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 at the rear end of the first pressure controller 710. Among them, the vacuum pump 1110 is a vacuum pump 1110 and is connected to the tritium circulation system to maintain a vacuum pumping state for a long time.

[0048] To control the fuel gas pressure within the extraction pipeline, a second pressure controller 720 is installed on the extraction pipeline located inside the negative pressure containment operating space 610. Both the first pressure controller 710 and the second pressure controller 720 are connected to the acquisition and central controller and receive control signal commands from it. Normally, the pressure controllers should be in a closed state when there is no operating command, or this function should be achieved by a separate normally closed shut-off valve. The acquisition and central processing unit can respond to external signal requests and measurement unit signals, sending control signals such as pressure, pulse width, and frequency to the actuator.

[0049] To protect the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 and prevent tritium gas leakage to the outside, protective pipelines 220 are coaxially fitted around the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210 and the extraction pipeline located outside the negative pressure containment operating space 610. Each of these protective pipelines 220 is filled with a protective gas. The protective gas is under negative pressure, meaning it is below the ambient pressure and the pressure of the transmission pipeline, below atmospheric pressure, typically between 0.5 bar and 1 bar. Different gases can be used in the three protective pipelines 220, but they cannot be the same gas detected by the gas detector. Helium or nitrogen is typically used, with nitrogen being preferred. The gas supply end 110 can be a separate gas supply or an integrated gas supply to supply the working fluid and the gas to the protective pipelines 220.

[0050] To monitor the internal gas of the negative pressure containment operating space 610 and the protection pipeline 220 in real time, a first gas detector 310 for detecting the internal gas is installed on the protection pipeline 220 at the gas supply end 110; a second gas detector 320 for detecting the internal gas is installed on the negative pressure containment operating space 610; and a third gas detector 330 for detecting the internal gas is installed on the protection pipeline 220 at the front end of the injection valve 810. In this scheme, the gas detected by the gas detectors cannot be the same as the protective gas. A tritium / oxygen detector for independent monitoring or a mass spectrometer for integrated detection can be used to detect both tritium and oxygen. The first gas detector 310 and the third gas detector 330 are used to detect different sections of the protection pipeline 220; the second gas detector 320 detects the negative pressure containment operating space 610; and the signals from the gas detectors are transmitted in real time to the acquisition and central controller unit 1010. In addition, a high-precision single gas alarm is included for signal warning. After the system alarm signal is issued, the tritium fuel can be quickly recovered through the exhaust system to ensure environmental safety.

[0051] As a redundancy scheme, the first gas detector 310, the second gas detector 320 and the third gas detector 330 all adopt tritium / oxygen detectors or mass spectrometers.

[0052] As a redundancy solution, the protective gas is helium or nitrogen.

[0053] To detect the internal air pressure of the protection pipeline 220 and the pressure of the gas storage device 510, a third pipeline barometer 410 for detecting internal air pressure is also installed on the protection pipeline 220 at the gas supply end 110; a fourth pipeline barometer 430 for detecting internal air pressure is installed on the negative pressure containment operating space 610; and a fifth pipeline barometer 450 for detecting internal air pressure is also installed on the protection pipeline 220 at the front end of the injection valve 810. All barometer measurement signals are transmitted to the acquisition and central control unit 1010 in real time. Due to the uncertainty of ambient pressure, absolute barometers are preferred.

[0054] Example 2: This Example 2 further optimizes Example 1 and provides a control method for the tritium feeding system of a fusion device, including the following state controls:

[0055] The first control method: Increase the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline at the front end of injection valve 810;

[0056] If there is no fuel gas or the fuel gas pressure is low in the pipeline, the fuel gas pressure at the gas delivery end needs to be increased. First, the target pressure is set in the acquisition and central controller unit 1010. The acquisition and central controller unit 1010 transmits the command to the first pressure controller 710, and starts injecting fuel gas from the gas storage tank into the pipeline before the injection valve 810 according to the preset pressure to increase the gas pressure. When the value of the first pipeline pressure gauge 440 reaches the preset value, the acquisition and central controller unit 1010 sends a command to shut down the first pressure controller 710. The second pressure controller 720 remains in the off state throughout the process.

[0057] Specifically, when the pressure of the gas storage tank measured by the second pipeline barometer 420 is less than the preset pressure in the data acquisition and central controller unit 1010, the preset pressure value cannot be reached. At this time, when the data acquisition and central controller unit 1010 acquires the measurement value of the first pipeline barometer 440, which is consistent with the measurement value of the second pipeline barometer 420, the data acquisition and central controller unit 1010 sends a command to shut down the first pressure controller 710. That is, only the same pressure can be reached. If it is necessary to continue to increase to the preset pressure, the gas pressure at the gas supply end 110 needs to be increased, thereby increasing the gas pressure in the gas storage tank.

[0058] The second control method: reduce the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline upstream of injection valve 810;

[0059] When the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline is high, it is necessary to reduce the fuel gas pressure at the gas delivery end. First, the target pressure is collected and set in the acquisition and central controller unit 1010. The acquisition and central controller unit 1010 transmits the command to the second pressure controller 720, and starts to discharge the fuel gas in the pipeline at the front end of the injection valve 810 into the suction pump 1110 according to the preset pressure, thereby reducing the fuel gas pressure.

[0060] Based on the first and second control methods mentioned above, the following multiple control methods can also be implemented.

[0061] The third control method: maintain the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline at the front end of injection valve 810;

[0062] The fuel gas pressure in the pipeline needs to be maintained at a constant value, such as the 0.9 bar required for tritium feeding in some units. At this time, the data acquisition and central controller unit 1010 collects and judges the pressure status of the first pipeline barometer 440 in real time. If the gas pressure is lower than the required maintained gas pressure of 0.9 bar, the specific steps in the first control mode are executed to increase the gas pressure to 0.9 bar; if the gas pressure is higher than the required maintained gas pressure of 0.9 bar, the specific steps in the second control mode are executed to decrease the gas pressure to 0.9 bar.

[0063] The fourth control method: tritium fuel injection in conventional low-pressure operating mode (greater than 0.5 bar, less than 1 bar);

[0064] The tritium fuel gas pressure in the pipeline needs to be maintained at 0.9 bar. First, the central controller unit 1010 sets the operating parameters of the injection valve 810, such as pulse width and frequency, and transmits the signal to the valve power controller 910. The valve power controller 910 compiles the signal into an executable electrical signal and transmits it to the injection valve 810. The injection valve 810 operates according to the electrical signal waveform, outputting gas. After the injection valve 810 operates, the gas is ejected into components such as the fusion device, and the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline upstream of the injection valve 810 decreases. Then, the specific steps in the first control method are executed, raising the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline upstream of the injection valve 810 to 0.9 bar.

[0065] Specifically, if the first pressure controller 710 malfunctions or its sensitivity decreases, causing the fuel gas pressure in the pipeline upstream of the injection valve 810 to exceed 0.9 bar, the second pressure controller 720 will then begin to operate.

[0066] The fifth control method: tritium fuel injection under unconventional high-pressure operating mode;

[0067] For applications involving low tritium levels, or where localized high-pressure operation is permissible, or where the tritium fuel in the pipeline can operate at a relatively high pressure, the gas pressure at the front end of injection valve 810 can be increased to a preset value through the specific operating steps in the first control method. The injection of high-pressure tritium fuel can then be achieved using the specific operating steps in the fourth control method.

[0068] The sixth control method: pipeline damage monitoring and handling;

[0069] Pipeline rupture or tritium leaks will be detected and addressed. The acquisition and central controller unit 1010 acquires signals in real time from the first gas detector 310, the second gas detector 320, and the third gas detector 330, as well as signals from the third pipeline barometer 410, the fourth pipeline barometer 430, and the fifth pipeline barometer 450.

[0070] If the monitoring by the data acquisition and central controller unit 1010 detects that the pressure of the third pipeline barometer 410, the fourth pipeline barometer 430, and the fifth pipeline barometer 450 deviates significantly from the normal value, while the first gas detector 310, the second gas detector 320, and the third gas detector 330 do not detect oxygen and tritium signals, then the protective gas supply circuit may be unstable or faulty, requiring troubleshooting.

[0071] If the acquisition and central controller unit 1010 detects an oxygen signal detected by the first gas detector 310, it may indicate a rupture in the gas supply end 110 of the protection pipeline 220. In this case, the pressure gauge 410 in the third pipeline will not change significantly or will rise, requiring investigation and maintenance. If the first gas detector 310 detects a tritium signal, it may indicate a rupture in the gas supply end 110 of the protection pipeline 220. In this case, the pressure gauge 410 in the third pipeline will not change significantly or will rise, requiring immediate disconnection of the fuel gas supply to the tritium transmission pipeline 210, and measures such as shutdown and evacuation pump 1110 to empty the pipeline gas should be taken.

[0072] Similarly, if the acquisition and central controller unit 1010 detects a similar phenomenon in the second gas detector 320 or the third gas detector 330, it shall take the above-mentioned response measures.

[0073] The seventh control method: fuel gas pipeline cleaning;

[0074] When the fuel gas pipeline needs to be purged, the gas supply end 110 has already completed the back-pull recovery of the fuel gas pipeline, the entire pipeline is in a vacuum state, and the gas supply end 110 has switched to purge gas. The acquisition and central control unit 1010 issues a pipeline purging command. The gas supply end 110 injects purge gas into the tritium gas transmission pipeline 210, all normally closed valves in the pipeline to the vacuum pump 1110 are opened, and the first pressure controller 710 and the second pressure controller 720 are normally open. The vacuum pump 1110 extracts the purge gas from the pipeline to a vacuum state. The above operation is repeated until the tritium content detection value of the section of the vacuum pump 1110 reaches below the limit.

[0075] The above solution not only enables functions such as overpressure identification, pressure regulation, pressure maintenance, and efficient injection in both low-pressure and normal operating modes, but also provides effective tritium containment, pipeline damage or leakage monitoring and early warning, and pipeline cleaning after fuel injection. The system is primarily suitable for low-pressure tritium injection, but is also compatible with injection functions for other gases and pressures.

[0076] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tritium feeding system for a fusion device, characterized in that, include: A negative pressure containment operating space (610) and a tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) located within the negative pressure containment operating space (610); the inlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space (610) and connects to an external gas supply end (110), and the outlet end of the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) extends out of the negative pressure containment operating space (610) and connects to an external injection valve (810); The tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) is provided with a gas storage device (510), a first pressure controller (710), and a first pipeline barometer (440) in sequence along its own gas transmission direction; the gas storage device (510) is used to store the gas inside the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210); the first pressure controller (710) is used to control the internal gas pressure of the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210); the first pipeline barometer (440) is used to detect the pipeline gas pressure at the front end of the injection valve (810); The gas storage device (510) is equipped with a second pipeline barometer (420) for detecting its internal gas pressure. The negative pressure containment operating space (610) is under negative pressure, and its pressure is lower than the internal pressure values ​​of the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210), the gas storage device (510), the first pressure controller (710), and the first pipeline barometer (440). The tritium gas transmission pipeline (210), the gas storage device (510), the first pressure controller (710), and the first pipeline barometer (440) are all located within the negative pressure containment operating space (610). The first pressure controller (710) is used to control the output pressure of the gas storage device (510) to maintain a set threshold. When there is a deviation between the pressure value detected by either the first pipeline barometer (440) or the second pipeline barometer (420) and the set threshold, the first pressure controller (710) is used to increase or decrease the output pressure of the gas storage device (510) according to the deviation value. The injection valve (810) can operate in a low-pressure mode and a normal pressure mode. The low-pressure mode is a pressure greater than 0.5 bar and less than 1 bar, and the normal pressure mode is a pressure greater than or equal to 1 bar. It also includes a vacuum pump (1110) and a tritium circulation system. The vacuum pump (1110) is located outside the negative pressure containment operating space (610). The vacuum pump (1110) extends into the negative pressure containment operating space (610) through a vacuum pipe and is connected to the tritium gas transmission pipe (210) at the rear end of the first pressure controller (710). The injection valve (810) adopts a Laval nozzle or a Laval-like nozzle structure; When the fuel gas pressure in the tritium transmission line (210) is higher than a set threshold, the pump (1110) is used to extract the fuel gas to control the injection pressure of the injection valve (810).

2. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second pressure controller (720) is installed on the air extraction pipeline located inside the negative pressure containment operating space (610).

3. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) and the exhaust pipeline located outside the negative pressure containment operating space (610) are both coaxially fitted with protective pipelines (220), and the interior of several of the protective pipelines (220) is filled with protective gas.

4. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The protective pipeline (220) at the gas supply end (110) is equipped with a first gas detector (310) for detecting internal gas; the negative pressure containment operating space (610) is equipped with a second gas detector (320) for detecting internal gas; and the protective pipeline (220) at the front end of the injection valve (810) is equipped with a third gas detector (330) for detecting internal gas.

5. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first gas detector (310), the second gas detector (320) and the third gas detector (330) all employ tritium / oxygen detectors or mass spectrometers.

6. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The protective gas is helium or nitrogen.

7. The tritium feeding system for a fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The protective pipeline (220) at the gas supply end is also equipped with a third pipeline barometer (410) for detecting internal air pressure; the negative pressure containment operating space (610) is equipped with a fourth pipeline barometer (430) for detecting internal air pressure; and the protective pipeline (220) at the front end of the injection valve (810) is also equipped with a fifth pipeline barometer (450) for detecting internal air pressure.

8. A control method for a tritium feeding system of a fusion device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, This includes the following types of state control: (1) When there is no fuel gas or the fuel gas pressure is lower than the set threshold in the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210), the acquisition and central controller unit (1010) outputs a command to the first pressure controller (710) so that the first pressure controller (710) reaches the set threshold. Then, according to the set threshold, the gas in the gas storage device (510) is injected into the pipeline at the front end of the injection valve (810) to produce fuel gas. When the value of the first pipeline pressure gauge (440) reaches the set threshold, the first pressure controller (710) is turned off. (2) When the second pipeline barometer (420) detects that the internal pressure of the gas storage device (510) is lower than the set threshold, and the values ​​of the first pipeline barometer (440) and the second pipeline barometer (420) are the same, the data acquisition and central controller unit (1010) controls the first pressure controller (710) to close, and then increases the gas pressure at the gas supply end (110) until the internal pressure of the gas storage device (510) is the same as the set threshold. At this time, the gas pressure at the gas supply end (110) is maintained, and the first pressure controller (710) is opened. (3) When the fuel gas pressure in the tritium transmission pipeline (210) is higher than the set threshold, the acquisition and central controller unit (1010) sends an instruction to the second pressure controller (720), and the fuel gas is gradually extracted by the pump (1110) according to the set threshold until the value of the first pipeline pressure gauge (440) reaches the set threshold, and then the second pressure controller (720) is turned off.

9. The control method for a tritium feeding system of a fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, This also includes status control during the following cleaning states: When it is necessary to purge the fuel gas inside the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210), open all valves on the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) and complete the back-extraction and recovery of fuel gas at the gas supply end (110) until the entire pipeline is in a vacuum state. Then the gas supply end (110) fills the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) with purging gas. After filling, the pump (1110) is controlled to extract the purging gas in the tritium gas transmission pipeline (210) to a vacuum state. Repeat the above-mentioned cleaning gas filling and extraction operations until the tritium content detection value at the gas pump (1110) is lower than the limit value, and the cleaning work is completed.

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