Video decoding method and apparatus for inter-original-component and inter-residual-chroma-component prediction

Abstract

A data compression method and apparatus adaptively employing inter-raw data component prediction and / or inter-residual data component prediction at a coding and decoding block level are provided. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, performing prediction operation on a coding and decoding block by using a prediction mode including a prediction mode between original data components, and eliminating correlation between original values of each component to a certain extent; then, for residual errors generated after prediction of the coding and decoding block, residual error data inter-component prediction is further used to eliminate correlation between residual error values of the components.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the following original application: Filing date of original application: 2019-12-30 Application number of the original application: 2019114058551 Title of the invention of the original application: Data compression method and device using inter-component prediction for original and residual data Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to a coding and decoding system for lossy or lossless compression of data, and in particular to a method and device for coding and decoding multi-component data such as color images and video data. Background Art

[0003] As human society enters the era of big data, cloud computing, mobile computing, cloud-mobile computing, ultra-high definition (4K) and ultra-ultra-high definition (8K) video image resolution, 4G / 5G communications, and virtual reality, ultra-high compression ratio and extremely high quality data compression for various data, including big data, image data, and video data has become an indispensable technology.

[0004] A data set is a collection of data samples, also known as data elements (e.g., bytes, bits, pixels, spatial sampling points, transform domain coefficients). When encoding (and correspondingly decoding) a data set arranged in a certain spatial (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or multi-dimensional) shape and having a certain number of elements and a certain sampling format (e.g., a file, a one-dimensional data queue, a two-dimensional data file, a frame of image, a video sequence, a transform domain, a transform block, multiple transform blocks, a three-dimensional scene, a sequence of continuously changing three-dimensional scenes), especially a two-dimensional or larger data set, the data set is usually divided into a subset of blocks with a predetermined shape and size (i.e., the number of elements), called coding blocks (from the perspective of decoding, also called decoding blocks, collectively referred to as coding and decoding blocks), and is encoded or decoded one block at a time in units of coding and decoding blocks. At any time, the coding block being encoded is called the current coding block. At any time, the decoding block being decoded is called the current decoding block. The current coding block or the current decoding block is collectively referred to as the current coding and decoding block or simply the current block.

[0005] The data element being encoded or decoded (referred to as element for short) is called the current encoded data element or the current decoded data element, collectively referred to as the current data element, referred to as the current element for short. An element consists of K components (usually 1≤K≤5), so both the data set and the codec block also consist of K components. For example, the elements of a frame of an image, i.e., pixels, are arranged in a rectangular shape with a size (resolution) of 1920 (width) x 1080 (height), and consist of 3 components: G (green) component, B (blue) component, R (red) component or Y (luminance) component, U (Cb chrominance) component, and V (Cr chrominance) component.

[0006] Elements or their components are collectively referred to as sample values. Generally, it can be determined from the context whether a sample value refers to an element or a component of an element. If it is not possible to determine from the context whether a sample value refers to an element or a component of an element, a sample value refers to an element and / or a component of an element.

[0007] Many data sets and codec blocks that are the objects of encoding have a sampling format. For example, for computer-generated images containing graphics and text, a sampling format called 4:4:4 (abbreviated as 444) is usually used, that is, the three components of the data set have the same sampling rate and size (that is, the number of component samples). For natural images and videos captured by cameras, a sampling format called 4:2:0 (abbreviated as 420) is usually used, that is, the sampling rate and size of two components (D component and E component) called secondary components of a data set (such as an image or video) with a rectangular shape and three components are respectively one-fourth of the other component (F component) called the primary component. In this case, one D component D[i][j] and one E component E[i][j] correspond to four (2×2) F components F[2i][2j], F[2i+1][2j], F[2i][2j+1], F[2i+1][2j+1]. If the resolution of the F component is 2M×2N, that is, the F component of the data set is F = {F[i][j]: i = 0~2M-1, j = 0~2N-1}, then the resolutions of the D component and the E component are both M×N, that is, the D component and the E component of the data set are D = {D[i][j]: i = 0~M-1, j = 0~N-1} and E = {E[i][j]: i = 0~M-1, j = 0~N-1}. In situations where higher video quality is required, a sampling format called 4:2:2 (abbreviated as 422) is often used, that is, the sampling rate and size of the two secondary components (D component and E component) of a data set with a rectangular shape and three components (such as an image or video) are half of the other main component (F component). In this case, in one direction (such as horizontal direction) of a data set (such as an image or video), one D component D[i][j] and one E component E[i][j] correspond to two (2×1) F components F[2i][j] and F[2i+1][j]. If the resolution of the F component is 2M×N, that is, the F component of the data set is F = {F[i][j]: i = 0~2M-1, j = 0~N-1}, then the resolutions of the D component and the E component are both M×N, that is, the D component and the E component of the data set are D = {D[i][j]: i = 0~M-1, j = 0~N-1} and E = {E[i][j]: i = 0~M-1, j = 0~N-1}. In images and videos using the YUV color format, the above-mentioned F, D, and E components are usually the Y, U, and V components, respectively. In images and videos using the RGB color format, the above-mentioned F, D, and E components are usually G, B, and R components or G, R, and B components. When the data is an image or video, the sampling format is often also called the chroma format.

[0008] An image or video in a 444 sampling format is downsampled by 2:1 in one direction (such as horizontal or vertical) of the D and E components to produce a 422 sampling format, and a 420 sampling format is produced by horizontal 2:1 downsampling and vertical 2:1 downsampling (overall 4:1 downsampling) of the D and E components.

[0009] There is generally a certain degree of correlation between the components of multi-component data. Therefore, using one component to predict another component can effectively play the role of data compression.

[0010] Inter-component prediction can be divided into two types. One is the prediction between original data components, that is, using the reconstructed values ​​of the original data of one or several components to construct the predicted values ​​of the original values ​​of other components (i.e. the values ​​of the components themselves), and performing inter-component prediction on the other components. The other is the prediction between residual data components, that is, each component first predicts the original data components themselves, obtains the residual data of each component, i.e. the prediction error of the original data itself, and then uses the residual values ​​of one or several components used to calculate the reconstructed values ​​of their original data (i.e. the reconstructed values ​​of the residual data) to construct the predicted values ​​of the residual values ​​of other components used to calculate the reconstructed values ​​of their original data (i.e. the reconstructed values ​​of the residual data), and performs inter-component prediction on the residuals of the other components.

[0011] It is particularly important to note that since the prediction operation can be performed multiple times, the predicted residual can be predicted again to generate a new residual. Therefore, the original data and residual data are relative concepts. For a prediction operation, the data before the prediction operation is called the original data, and the prediction difference data obtained after the prediction operation is called the residual data. The original data of a prediction operation can be the residual data of another prediction operation. The residual data of a prediction operation can also be the original data of another prediction operation.

[0012] A reconstructed value of data is reconstructed data obtained after performing a coding operation and its inverse operation, usually including prediction and / or transformation and / or quantization, on the data. In the case where the coding operation and its inverse operation are lossless, the reconstructed value of the data is equal to the data itself.

[0013] In principle, under certain conditions, the prediction between original data components and the prediction between residual data components are equivalent. Therefore, the prior art believes that the prediction between original data components and the prediction between residual data components have almost the same effect. Therefore, in the existing image and video coding and decoding technology, either the original data (that is, pixel data) component prediction is used for the pixel data of the entire image or the entire video sequence instead of the residual data component prediction, or the residual data component prediction is used for the pixel data of the entire image or the entire video sequence instead of the original data (that is, pixel data) component prediction.

[0014] In the existing image and video coding and decoding technology, the original data component inter-prediction is used for the pixel data of the image or video in the 420 sampling format, and the residual data component inter-prediction is used for the pixel data of the image or video in the 444 sampling format. In the existing image and video coding and decoding technology, when the string prediction (also called string matching or string copying) coding and decoding technology is used, neither the original data component inter-prediction nor the residual data component inter-prediction is used.

[0015] The prior art does not take into account that in actual application scenarios, since each component may have a different prediction mode, a different transformation method, and a different quantization factor, the prediction between the original data components and the prediction between the residual data components actually have different and complementary effects in some cases. In particular, in the case of non-444 sampling formats, the different and complementary effects are more obvious under certain conditions. Summary of the invention

[0016] In order to make full use of the correlation between components to improve the coding efficiency, the present invention provides a data compression method and device that adaptively adopts original data component prediction and / or residual data component prediction at the codec block level. First, a prediction operation is performed on the codec block using a prediction mode including an original data component prediction mode to eliminate the correlation between the original values ​​of each component to a certain extent; then, the residual generated by the prediction of the codec block is further predicted using residual data component prediction to eliminate the correlation between the residual values ​​of each component.

[0017] The primary technical feature of the present invention is that when encoding and decoding data having multiple (two or more) components, a portion of the encoding and decoding blocks at least uses prediction between original data components, another portion of the encoding and decoding blocks at least uses prediction between residual data components, and another portion of the encoding and decoding blocks at least uses prediction between original data components and prediction between residual data components at the same time.

[0018] In the present invention, preferably, the compressed data stream output by the encoder (i.e., the compressed data stream input by the decoder) contains at least information indicating whether the coding block uses prediction between original data components and / or information indicating whether the coding block uses prediction between residual data components.

[0019] In the present invention, preferably, the data has three components consisting of one main component and two sub-components; the data of the three components has a 444 sampling format or a 422 sampling format or a 420 sampling format.

[0020] The most basic unique technical feature of the encoding method or device of the present invention is that it includes at least one step or module for performing inter-frame prediction encoding and / or string prediction encoding and / or intra-frame prediction encoding including prediction between components of the original data on the original data, and also includes a step or module for performing prediction between residual data components on the residual data generated after the prediction encoding, and the output compressed data code stream contains at least information indicating whether the encoding block uses prediction between components of the original data and / or whether it uses prediction between components of the residual data. Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the encoding method or device of the present invention.

[0021] The most basic unique technical feature of the decoding method or device of the present invention is to parse the compressed data code stream and at least obtain information indicating whether the decoding block uses prediction between original data components and / or whether it uses prediction between residual data components; if the information indicates that the decoding block uses prediction between original data components, then the original data prediction values ​​of other components are constructed from at least the original data reconstruction values ​​of one or several components; if the information indicates that the decoding block uses prediction between residual data components, then the prediction values ​​of the residual values ​​(i.e., residual data reconstruction values) of other components used to calculate their original data reconstruction values ​​are constructed from at least the residual values ​​(i.e., residual data reconstruction values) of one or several components used to calculate their original data reconstruction values. Figure 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of the decoding method or device of the present invention.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method or apparatus for compressing multi-component data, comprising at least steps or modules for performing one or a combination of the following functions and operations: Performing inter-frame prediction coding and / or string prediction coding and / or intra-frame prediction coding including prediction between components of the original data on the original data, wherein the prediction between components of the original data at least comprises constructing prediction values ​​and prediction difference values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of at least H (H ≥ 1) components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the prediction difference values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; Performing residual coding including residual data inter-component prediction on the residual data generated after the predictive coding, wherein the residual data inter-component prediction at least comprises constructing predicted values ​​and predicted difference values ​​of residual data or reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or reconstructed values ​​of at least W (W ≥ 1) components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero; At least information indicating whether the coding block uses original data component inter-prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component inter-prediction is written into the compressed data code stream.

[0023] From a first perspective, the present invention provides a coding method for compressing multi-component data, characterized in that it includes at least one of the following steps or a combination thereof: Step 1) performing inter-frame prediction coding and / or string prediction coding and / or intra-frame prediction coding including prediction between components of the original data on the original data, wherein the operation of prediction between components of the original data at least comprises constructing prediction values ​​and prediction difference values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of at least H (H ≥ 1) components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the prediction difference values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; Step 2) performing residual coding including residual data inter-component prediction on the residual data generated after the predictive coding, wherein the residual data inter-component prediction operation at least comprises constructing predicted values ​​and predicted difference values ​​of residual data or their reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or their reconstructed values ​​of at least W (W ≥ 1) components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero; Step 3) at least write information indicating whether the coding block uses original data component inter-prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component inter-prediction into the compressed data bitstream.

[0024] From a second perspective, the present invention provides an encoding device for compressing multi-component data, characterized in that it includes at least one of the following modules or a combination thereof: 1) Prediction coding module: performing inter-frame prediction coding and / or string prediction coding and / or intra-frame prediction coding including prediction between components of the original data on the original data, wherein the operation of prediction between components of the original data at least comprises constructing prediction values ​​and prediction difference values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of at least H (H ≥ 1) components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the prediction difference values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; 2) Residual coding module: performing residual coding including residual data inter-component prediction on the residual data generated after the prediction coding, wherein the residual data inter-component prediction operation at least comprises constructing predicted values ​​and predicted difference values ​​of residual data or their reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or their reconstructed values ​​of at least W (W ≥ 1) components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero; 3) Compressed data code stream generation module: writes at least information indicating whether the coding block uses original data component prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component prediction into the compressed data code stream.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method or device for decoding multi-component data compression is provided, comprising at least steps or modules for performing one or a combination of the following functions and operations: Parsing the compressed data bitstream to obtain at least information indicating whether the decoded block uses original data component inter-prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component inter-prediction; Performing prediction between original data components, wherein the prediction between original data components at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of at least H (H ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of original data of the Q components from the predicted values ​​of at least the Q components and / or predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Q components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; Perform inter-component prediction of residual data, wherein the inter-component prediction of residual data includes at least constructing predicted values ​​of residual data or reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or reconstructed values ​​of at least W (W ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of residual data of the Z components from the predicted values ​​of at least the Z components and / or predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Z components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero.

[0026] From a third perspective, the present invention provides a decoding method for compressing multi-component data, characterized in that it includes at least one of the following steps or a combination thereof: Step 1) parsing the compressed data code stream to obtain at least information indicating whether the decoding block uses original data component prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component prediction; Step 2) performing prediction between original data components, wherein the operation of predicting between original data components at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of at least H (H ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of original data of the Q components from the predicted values ​​of at least the Q components and / or the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Q components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; Step 3) performs prediction between residual data components, wherein the operation of predicting between residual data components at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of residual data or reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or reconstructed values ​​of at least W (W ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of residual data of the Z components from the predicted values ​​of at least the Z components and / or predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Z components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero.

[0027] From a fourth perspective, the present invention provides a decoding device for compressing multi-component data, characterized in that it includes at least one of the following modules or a combination thereof: 1) Compressed data code stream parsing module: parses the compressed data code stream to obtain at least information indicating whether the decoding block uses original data component prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component prediction; 2) Prediction decoding module: perform prediction between original data components, wherein the operation of predicting between original data components at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of original data or reconstructed values ​​of Q (Q ≥ 1) components from original data or reconstructed values ​​of H (H ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of original data of Q components from the predicted values ​​of the Q components and / or the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Q components, wherein H is allowed to be equal to Q, part or all of the H components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Q components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Q components are allowed to be zero; 3) Residual decoding module: If the information indicates that the decoding block uses residual data inter-component prediction, the decoding block is predicted by residual data inter-component prediction, and the residual data inter-component prediction operation at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of residual data or reconstructed values ​​of Z (Z ≥ 1) components from residual data or reconstructed values ​​of W (W ≥ 1) components and / or constructing reconstructed values ​​of residual data of the Z components from the predicted values ​​of the Z components and / or predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of the Z components, wherein W is allowed to be equal to Z, part or all of the W components are allowed to overlap with part or all of the Z components, and the predicted difference values ​​or reconstructed values ​​of one or more of the Z components are allowed to be zero.

[0028] The present invention is applicable to encoding and decoding of lossy compressed data, and is also applicable to encoding and decoding of lossless compressed data. The present invention is applicable to encoding and decoding of image data, and is also applicable to encoding and decoding of any other one-dimensional, two-dimensional or multi-dimensional data.

[0029] In the present invention, data includes one or a combination of the following types of data: 1) One-dimensional data; 2) Two-dimensional data; 3) Multidimensional data; 4) Graphics; 5) Fractal graphics; 6) Image; 7) Sequence of images; 8) Video; 9) Three-dimensional scene; 10) Sequences of continuously changing three-dimensional scenes; 11) Virtual reality scenes; 12) Sequence of continuously changing virtual reality scenes 13) Images in pixel form; 14) Transform domain data of the image; 15) A collection of bytes of two or more dimensions; 16) A set of bits of two or more dimensions; 17) A collection of pixels; 18) A collection of pixel components.

[0030] In the present invention, in the case where data is generated from an image, a sequence of images, a video, etc., a coding block or a decoding block is a coding area or a decoding area of ​​an image, including at least one of the following: an entire image, a sub-image of an image, a slice, a tile, a macroblock, a maximum coding unit LCU, a coding tree unit CTU, a coding unit CU, a sub-area of ​​a CU, a sub-coding unit SubCU, a prediction unit PU, a sub-area of ​​a PU, a sub-prediction unit SubPU, a transform unit TU, a sub-area of ​​a TU, and a sub-transform unit SubTU.

[0031] In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of the present invention, the information indicating whether the encoding and decoding block uses original data component inter-prediction and / or whether it uses residual data component inter-prediction is present in one or more of the following places in the compressed data code stream: 1) Sequence parameter set; usually one or more syntax elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the sequence parameter set; 2) Picture parameter set; usually one or more syntactic elements of a picture parameter set that exist directly, are derived implicitly, or are mixed; 3) Sequence header; usually one or more syntactic elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the sequence header; 4) Image header; usually one or more syntactic elements that exist directly, are derived implicitly, or are mixed in the image header; 5) Section header; usually one or more grammatical elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the section header; 6) CTU header; usually one or more syntax elements directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the CTU header; 7) CU header; usually one or more syntactic elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the CU header; 8) Codec block header; usually one or more syntax elements directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the codec block header; The directly existing syntax elements are composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream. The implicitly derived syntax elements are syntax elements derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values. The mixed syntax elements are syntax elements that are partially directly existing (i.e., composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream) and partially implicitly derived (i.e., derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream and / or predetermined syntax element default values).

[0032] The technical features of the present invention are described above by using several specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the encoding method or device and the decoding method or device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is the position relationship of the secondary component sampling points relative to the main component sampling points in the four downsampling types called type 0, type 1, type 2, and type 3 respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following are more implementation details or variations of the present invention.

[0036] Embodiment 1 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the data is an image or video having three components, namely, one primary component and two secondary components.

[0037] Embodiment 2 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the data is an image or video having three components, namely, one main component and two secondary components, and the three components are one of the following: Y brightness component, U chrominance component, V chrominance component, or Y brightness component, Cb chrominance component, Cr chrominance component, or R red component, G green component, B blue component, or G green component, R red component, B blue component, or G green component, B blue component, R red component.

[0038] Example 3 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the data is an image or video having three components, namely, one main component and two secondary components, the original data and / or residual data are referred to as original / residual data for short, and in the prediction between the original / residual data components, H=1 and Q=2 and / or W=1 and Z=2, the main component is used to predict the two sub-components; in the encoding method or device, the original / residual data or the reconstructed value thereof of the two sub-components are constructed from the original / residual data or the reconstructed value thereof of at least the main component, and the predicted value and the predicted difference value; in the decoding method and device, the original / residual data reconstructed value of the two sub-components is constructed from the predicted difference value or the reconstructed value thereof of at least the two sub-components. and / or When H = 1 and Q = 1 and / or W = 1 and Z = 1, one of the two sub-components is used to predict the other sub-component; in an encoding method or apparatus, a predicted value and a prediction difference of the original / residual data or its reconstructed value of the other sub-component among the two sub-components are constructed from at least the original / residual data or its reconstructed value of one of the two sub-components; in a decoding method and apparatus, a reconstructed value of the original / residual data of one of the two sub-components is constructed from at least the prediction difference or its reconstructed value of one of the two sub-components. and / or When H = 2 and Q = 2 and / or W = 2 and Z = 2, either of the two sub-components is used to predict the other sub-component; in an encoding method or apparatus, a predicted value and a prediction difference of the original / residual data or its reconstructed value of the other sub-component among the two sub-components are constructed from at least the original / residual data or its reconstructed value of the two sub-components; in a decoding method and apparatus, a reconstructed value of the original / residual data of one of the two sub-components is constructed from at least the prediction difference or its reconstructed value of the two sub-components.

[0039] Embodiment 4 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus, the data is an image or video in a 422 sampling format with a total of three components including one main component and two sub-components. The sampling rates and sizes of the two sub-components are each one-half of the sampling rate and size of the main component. In the prediction between the original data components and the prediction between the residual data components, the main component is used to predict the two sub-components. The operations of the prediction between the original data components and the prediction between the residual data components both include an operation of performing horizontal 2:1 downsampling or vertical 2:1 downsampling on the main component.

[0040] Embodiment 5 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus, the data is an image or video in a 420 sampling format with a total of three components including one main component and two sub-components. The sampling rates and sizes of the two sub-components are each one-fourth of the sampling rate and size of the main component. In the prediction between the original data components and the prediction between the residual data components, the main component is used to predict the two sub-components. The operations of the prediction between the original data components and the prediction between the residual data components both include an operation of performing horizontal 2:1 downsampling and vertical 2:1 downsampling for an overall 4:1 downsampling on the main component.

[0041] Embodiment 6 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 5, the 4:1 downsampling is to calculate the weighted average value of the I×J principal component values ​​according to one of the following downsampling formulas as the value of the downsampled principal component: Downsampling formula 1: Calculate the value of the downsampled principal component from the values ​​of the 2×2 principal components P(2i,2j), P(2i+1,2j), P(2i,2j+1), P(2i+1,2j+1) P 420 (i, j) = ((P(2i,2j)+P(2i+1,2j)+P(2i,2j+1)+P(2i+1,2j+1)+2)>>2, where >> is a binary right shift; Downsampling formula 2: Calculate the value of the downsampled principal component from the values ​​of the 3×2 principal components P(2i-1,2j), P(2i,2j), P(2i+1,2j), P(2i-1,2j+1), P(2i,2j+1), P(2i+1,2j+1) P 420 (i, j) = (P(2i-1,2j)+2P(2i,2j)+P(2i+1,2j)+P(2i-1,2j+1)+2P(2i,2j+1)+P(2i+1,2j+1)+4)>>3; Downsampling formula 3: Calculate the value of the downsampled principal component from the values ​​of the 4×2 principal components P(2i-1,2j), P(2i,2j), P(2i+1,2j), P(2i+2,2j), P(2i-1,2j+1), P(2i,2j+1), P(2i+1,2j+1), P(2i+2,2j+1) P 420 (i, j) = (P(2i-1,2j)+3P(2i,2j)+3P(2i+1,2j)+P(2i+2,2j)+P(2i-1,2j+1)+3P(2i,2j+1)+3P(2i+1,2j+1)+ P(2i+2,2j+1)+8)>>4; Downsampling formula 4: Calculate the value of the downsampled principal component from the values ​​of the 3×3 principal components P(2i-1,2j-1), P(2i,2j-1), P(2i+1,2j-1), P(2i-1,2j), P(2i,2j), P(2i+1,2j), P(2i-1,2j+1), P(2i,2j+1), P(2i+1,2j+1) P 420(i, j) = (P(2i-1,2j-1)+2P(2i,2j-1)+P(2i+1,2j-1)+2P(2i-1,2j)+4P(2i,2j)+2P(2i+1,2j)+P(2i-1,2j+1)+ 2P(2i,2j+1)+P(2i+1,2j+1)+8)>>4; Downsampling formula 5: Calculate the value of the downsampled principal component from the values ​​of the 2×3 principal components P(2i,2j-1), P(2i+1,2j-1), P(2i,2j), P(2i+1,2j), P(2i,2j+1), P(2i+1,2j+1) P 420 (i, j) = ((P(2i,2j-1)+P(2i+1,2j-1)+2P(2i,2j)+2P(2i+1,2j)+P(2i,2j+1)+P(2i+1,2j+1)+4)>>3.

[0042] The downsampling formula used is usually determined by the position relationship of the subcomponent sampling points relative to the main component sampling points in the specific downsampling type type. Figure 2 It is the position relationship of the secondary component sampling points relative to the main component sampling points in the four downsampling types called type 0, type 1, type 2, and type 3 respectively.

[0043] Example 7 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 5, there is information in the compressed data code stream that specifies the selection of one of several predetermined down-sampling formulas to perform a down-sampling operation on the principal component.

[0044] Example 8 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus of Embodiment 7, the information for specifying the selection of one of several predetermined downsampling formulas to perform downsampling operation on the principal component is present in one or more of the following places in the compressed data code stream: 1) Sequence parameter set; usually one or more syntax elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the sequence parameter set; 2) Picture parameter set; usually one or more syntactic elements of a picture parameter set that exist directly, are derived implicitly, or are mixed; 3) Sequence header; usually one or more syntactic elements that exist directly, are implicitly derived, or are mixed in the sequence header; 4) Image header; usually one or more syntactic elements that exist directly, are derived implicitly, or are mixed in the image header; The directly existing syntax elements are composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream. The implicitly derived syntax elements are syntax elements derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values. The mixed syntax elements are syntax elements that are partially directly existing (i.e., composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream) and partially implicitly derived (i.e., derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream and / or predetermined syntax element default values).

[0045] Example 9 In the encoding method or apparatus or decoding method or apparatus described in Example 8, the one or more directly existing or implicitly derived or mixed grammatical elements and their semantics are Downsampling type downsampling_type Specifies the downsampling type and the corresponding downsampling formula. If downsampling_type does not exist in the compressed data stream, the value of downsampling_type is implicitly derived as 0.

[0046] Example 10 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the data is an image or a video, and the information indicating whether the coding and decoding block uses original data component inter-component prediction and / or whether residual data component inter-component prediction and the corresponding operation include the following direct or indirect or direct and indirect mixed flag bits and / or identification codes and associated syntax elements and corresponding operations represented by italics: Sub-component prediction mode flag and / or identification code If the value of the sub-component prediction mode flag and / or the identification code indicates that the current codec block uses the original data component inter-prediction, then { Construct the original data prediction value of the secondary component from the original data reconstruction value of the primary component of the current codec block } Prediction mode flag and / or identification code If the value of the prediction mode flag and / or the identification code indicates that the current codec block uses several predetermined prediction modes, then { Construct the predicted value of the residual data reconstruction value of the secondary component from the residual data reconstruction value of the primary component of the current codec block } The direct flag and / or identification code is composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream. The indirect flag and / or identification code is a flag and / or identification code derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream. The direct and indirect mixed flag and / or identification code is a mixed flag and / or identification code that is partially direct (i.e., composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream) and partially indirect (i.e., derived from other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream).

[0047] Embodiment 11 In the encoding method or device or decoding method or device described in Example 10, the several predetermined prediction modes include at least 1) an inter-frame prediction mode, and 2) a sub-component direct intra-frame prediction mode, that is, the sub-component prediction mode directly takes (that is, is equal to) the intra-frame prediction mode of the main component.

[0048] Example 12 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 10, the several predetermined prediction modes include at least 1) an inter-frame prediction mode, 2) a sub-component direct intra-frame prediction mode, that is, the sub-component prediction mode directly takes (that is, is equivalent to) the intra-frame prediction mode of the main component, and 3) a sub-component prediction mode that uses the original data inter-component prediction.

[0049] Embodiment 13 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus, the data is an image or video having three components, one main component and two secondary components; the value reconstructed from the residual data of the main component or in the case of a 422 sampling format, a 2:1 downsampled version thereof or in the case of a 420 sampling format, a 4:1 downsampled version thereof is recorded as recR L , construct two subcomponents D and E, denoted as C=(D, E), and the predicted value predR of the residual data reconstruction value C = (predR D ,predR E ) operations include at least the operations expressed by the following formulas: predR C = a C *recR L , where a C = (a D , a E ) is a two-component multiplication factor, and the two subcomponents D and E have their own multiplication factors a D and a E .

[0050] Embodiment 14 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus of Embodiment 13, the predicted value predR of the residual data reconstruction value of the sub-component is used C The predicted difference between the residual data reconstruction value and the secondary component ∆R C = (∆R D , ∆R E ) constructs the residual data reconstruction value recR of the secondary component expressed by the following formula C = (recR D , recR E ): recR C =∆R C +predR C .

[0051] Embodiment 15 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 13, the multiplication factor a D and a E The value range is one of the following sets: R = {m / 2 n : -2 n+1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1}={0, ±m / 2 n : 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1 = {±m / 2 n : 0≤ m ≤ 2 n+1} or a subset of R, where n is a predetermined positive number and m is -2 n+1 with 2 n+1 All or part of the integers between or A subset of R, including at least: R n = {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , m=±(2 n +2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or R n A subset of , including the subset {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or a subset thereof or When n=6, R6={0, ±0.015625, ±0.03125, ±0.0625, ±0.125, ±0.25, ±0.5, ±1,±1.015625, ±1.03125, ±1.0625, ±1.125, ±1.25, ±1.5, ±2}={0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1, ±(1+1 / 64), ±(1+2 / 64), ±(1+4 / 64), ±(1+8 / 64), ±(1+16 / 64), ±(1+32 / 64), ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 32, ±2 / 32, ±4 / 32, ±8 / 32, ±16 / 32, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 8, ±2 / 8, ±4 / 8, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64} = {0, ±1 / 16, ±2 / 16, ±4 / 16, ±8 / 16} or a subset thereof or When n=1, R1 = {0, m / 2: m=±2 k , m=±(2+2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ 1} = {0, m / 2: m=±1, ±2,±3, ±4} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1, ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1} or its subsets {0, 1} or {0, −1}.

[0052] Example 16 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 13, the multiplication factor a D and a E The value range is R = {0, ±m / 2 n : 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1 = {±m / 2 n : 0 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1} or a subset of R, when a X = ±m / 2 n , where X is D or E, a X is a D or a E , when, predR X and predR X The calculation operation is predetermined to be one of the following: predR X = a X *recR L = ±((m*recR L + 2 n-1 )>>n), where >>n is the n-bit right shift operation. or predR X = a X *recR L = ±((m*recR L )>>n), or predR X = a X *recR L = (((±m)*recR L )>>n).

[0053] Embodiment 17 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 13, the multiplication factor a D and a E The value range of is a function of the size and / or width and / or height of the coding block where the multiplication factor is located.

[0054] Embodiment 18 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 13, the multiplication factor a D and a E The value of is synchronized between the encoder and the decoder by direct, implicit or mixed methods, that is, it has the same value; The direct method is to represent the multiplication factor a by a syntax element consisting of one or more bit strings directly present in the compressed data code stream. D and a E The value of The implicit derivation is from at least the multiplication factor a D and a E The multiplication factor a is obtained by calculation and derivation of other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or syntax elements in the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values ​​that have no direct relationship with the value of D and a E The value of The hybrid method is a method of mixing the direct method and the implicit derivation method.

[0055] Embodiment 19 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The syntax elements in the direct mode include Denotes the multiplication factor a D and / or a E Is the syntax element zero? and / or Denotes the multiplication factor a D and / or a E The positive and negative syntax elements are the sign bit syntax elements and / or Denotes the multiplication factor a D and / or a E The absolute value of the syntax element.

[0056] Embodiment 20 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The implicit derivation method uses at least the following encoding and decoding variables to calculate, derive, and obtain the multiplication factor a D and / or a E Values: The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block.

[0057] Embodiment 21 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The mixing method has at least the following characteristics: Denotes the multiplication factor a D and a E Part of the information of the value of is directly present in the compressed data code stream, and the other part of the information is obtained by implicit derivation. The multiplication factor a is obtained from at least these two parts of information. D and a E The value of .

[0058] Embodiment 22 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The mixing method has at least the following characteristics: Indicates a X , where X is D or E, i.e. a X is a D or a E , the initial value ia X The information is directly present in the compressed data code stream, starting from the initial value ia X and / or at least with the a X The value of a is not directly related to other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or syntax elements in the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values, and the a is obtained by calculation and derivation X The value of .

[0059] Embodiment 23 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The mixing method has at least the following characteristics: Indicates a X , where X is D or E, i.e. a X is a D or a E , the initial value ia X The information is directly present in the compressed data code stream, starting from the initial value ia X And / or at least the following codec variables are calculated, derived, and obtained: X Values: The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block.

[0060] Embodiment 24 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 18, The mixing method has at least the following characteristics: Indicates a X , where X is D or E, i.e. a X is a D or a E , the initial value ia X The information of a is directly present in the compressed data code stream. X The value is equal to ia X +da X , where da X Calculate, derive, or obtain from at least the following codec variables: The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction value of the principal component of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The residual data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block.

[0061] Embodiment 25 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 18, in the direct method, a D and a E Partial or complete combination (a D , a E ) values ​​are jointly binarized, debinarized, entropy encoded, and entropy decoded.

[0062] Embodiment 26 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 18, in the direct method, a D The binarization, debinarization, entropy encoding, and entropy decoding of the value of depends on a E The value of a E The binarization, debinarization, entropy encoding, and entropy decoding of the value of depends on a D The value of .

[0063] Embodiment 27 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 18, in the direct method, a D The value of a is zero and a E The case where the value of is zero is represented by a binary code word or flag bit (usually 0 or 1) with a code length of one bit.

[0064] Example 28 (Version on “Original Data” Corresponding to Example 13 on “Residual Data”) In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus, the data is an image or video having three components, one primary component and two secondary components; a value reconstructed from the original data of the primary component or a 2:1 downsampled version thereof in the case of a 422 sampling format or a 4:1 downsampled version thereof in the case of a 420 sampling format is recorded as recP L , construct two subcomponents D and E, denoted as C=(D, E), and the predicted value predP of the original data reconstruction value C = (predP D ,predP E ) operations include at least the operations expressed by the following formulas: predP C = B C + A C *recP L , Among them B C = (B D , B E ) is a two-component offset, A C = (A D , A E ) is a two-component multiplication factor, and the two subcomponents D and E have their own offset B D and B E and / or the respective multiplication factor A D and A E .

[0065] Example 29 (Version on “Original Data” Corresponding to Example 14 on “Residual Data”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 28, the predicted value predP of the original data reconstruction value of the sub-component is used C The predicted difference ∆P between the original data reconstruction value of the secondary component C = (∆P D , ∆P E ) constructs the original data reconstruction value recP of the secondary component expressed by the following formula C = (recP D , recP E ): recP C =∆P C +predP C .

[0066] Embodiment 30 In the encoding method or apparatus or the decoding method or apparatus of embodiment 29, original data component inter-prediction and residual data component inter-prediction are used simultaneously, and the prediction difference ∆P of the original data reconstruction value is C is the residual data reconstruction value recR C , one way to calculate the original data reconstruction value is as follows: recP C =∆P C +predP C = recR C +predP C =∆R C +predR C +predP C , Where, ∆R C and predR C They are respectively the predicted difference value of the residual data reconstruction value in the prediction between the residual data components and the predicted value of the residual data reconstruction value.

[0067] Example 31 (Version on “Original Data” Corresponding to Example 15 on “Residual Data”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 28, the multiplication factor A D and A E The value range is one of the following sets: R = {m / 2 n : -2 n+1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1}={0, ±m / 2 n : 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1 = {±m / 2 n : 0≤ m ≤ 2 n+1} or a subset of R, where n is a predetermined positive number and m is -2 n+1 with 2 n+1 All or part of the integers between or A subset of R, including at least: R n = {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , m=±(2 n +2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or R n A subset of , including the subset {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or a subset thereof or When n=6, R6={0, ±0.015625, ±0.03125, ±0.0625, ±0.125, ±0.25, ±0.5, ±1,±1.015625, ±1.03125, ±1.0625, ±1.125, ±1.25, ±1.5, ±2}={0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1, ±(1+1 / 64), ±(1+2 / 64), ±(1+4 / 64), ±(1+8 / 64), ±(1+16 / 64), ±(1+32 / 64), ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 32, ±2 / 32, ±4 / 32, ±8 / 32, ±16 / 32, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 8, ±2 / 8, ±4 / 8, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64} = {0, ±1 / 16, ±2 / 16, ±4 / 16, ±8 / 16} or a subset thereof or When n=1, R1 = {0, m / 2: m=±2 k , m=±(2+2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ 1} = {0, m / 2: m=±1, ±2,±3, ±4} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1, ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1} or its subsets {0, 1} or {0, −1}.

[0068] Example 32 (Version on “Original Data” Corresponding to Example 16 on “Residual Data”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 28, the multiplication factor A D and A E The value range is R = {0, ±m / 2 n : 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1 = {±m / 2 n : 0 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1} or a subset of R, when A X = ±m / 2 n , where X is D or E, A X Yes A D or A E , when predP X and predP X The calculation operation is predetermined to be one of the following: predP X = B X + A X *recP L = B X ± ((m*recP L + 2 n-1 )>>n), where >>n is the n-bit right shift operation. or predP X = B X + A X *recP L = B X ± ((m*recP L )>>n), or predP X = B X + A X *recP L = B X + (((±m)*recP L )>>n).

[0069] Example 33 (Version on “Original Data” Corresponding to Example 17 on “Residual Data”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 28, the multiplication factor A D and A EThe value range of is a function of the size and / or width and / or height of the coding block where the multiplication factor is located.

[0070] Embodiment 34 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 28, the A D , A E , B D , B E The value of is synchronized between the encoder and the decoder by direct, implicit or mixed methods, that is, it has the same value; The direct method is to represent the A by a syntax element consisting of one or more bit strings (bit strings) directly present in the compressed data code stream. D , A E , B D , B E The value of The implicit derivation method is to obtain the D , A E , B D , B E The A is obtained by calculating and deriving other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or syntax elements in the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values ​​that have no direct relationship with the value of D , A E , B D , B E The value of The hybrid method is a method of mixing the direct method and the implicit derivation method.

[0071] Embodiment 35 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the implicit derivation method uses at least the following encoding and decoding variables to calculate, derive, and obtain the offset B D and / or B E and / or the multiplication factor A D and / or A E Values: The original data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the principal components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly neighboring pixels of the current codec block.

[0072] Embodiment 36 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics:D and / or A E and / or B D and / or B E Part of the information about the value of A exists directly in the compressed data code stream, and the other part is obtained by implicit derivation. The A is obtained from at least these two parts of information. D and / or A E and / or B D and / or B E The value of .

[0073] Embodiment 37 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: D and / or A E The value information of B exists directly in the compressed data code stream, indicating that D and / or B E The information about the value of is obtained through implicit derivation.

[0074] Embodiment 38 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: D and / or A E Part of the information about the value of A exists directly in the compressed data code stream, and the other part is obtained by implicit derivation. The A is obtained from at least these two parts of information. D and / or A E The value of B D and / or B E The information about the value of is obtained through implicit derivation.

[0075] Embodiment 39 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: D and / or A E Part of the information about the value of A exists directly in the compressed data code stream, and the other part is obtained by implicit derivation. The A is obtained from at least these two parts of information. D and / or A E The value of .

[0076] Embodiment 40 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: X , where X is D or E, that is, A X Yes A D or A E , the initial value iAX The information is directly present in the compressed data stream, starting from the initial value iA X and / or at least with the A X The A is obtained by calculating and deriving other coding parameters and / or codec variables and / or syntax elements in the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values ​​that have no direct relationship with the value of X The value of .

[0077] Embodiment 41 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: X , where X is D or E, that is, A X Yes A D or A E , the initial value iA X The information is directly present in the compressed data stream, starting from the initial value iA X And / or at least the following codec variables are calculated, derived, and obtained: X Values: The original data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the principal components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly neighboring pixels of the current codec block.

[0078] Embodiment 42 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, the hybrid mode has at least the following characteristics: X , where X is D or E, that is, A X Yes A D or A E , the initial value iA X The information of A exists directly in the compressed data code stream. X The value is equal to iA X + dA X , where dA X Calculate, derive, or obtain from at least the following codec variables: The original data reconstruction value of the principal component of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the principal components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly adjacent pixels of the current codec block and / or The original data reconstruction values ​​of the sub-components of the directly adjacent and / or indirectly neighboring pixels of the current codec block.

[0079] Embodiment 43 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, in the direct method, A D and A E Partial or complete combination of D , A E ) values ​​are jointly binarized, debinarized, entropy encoded, and entropy decoded.

[0080] Embodiment 44 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, in the direct method, A D The binarization, debinarization, entropy encoding, and entropy decoding of the value of depends on A E The value of A E The binarization, debinarization, entropy encoding, and entropy decoding of the value of depends on A D The value of .

[0081] Embodiment 45 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device of embodiment 34, in the direct method, A D The value of A is zero and E The case where the value of is zero is represented by a binary code word or flag bit (usually 0 or 1) with a code length of one bit.

[0082] Embodiment 46 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the data is an image or a video, In the sequence parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use the original data component inter prediction: sps raw component prediction enable flag sps_raw_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of inter-original data component prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use inter-original data component prediction; and / or In the sequence header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use the original data component inter-prediction: Sequence raw component prediction permission flag seq_raw_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag A binary variable. A value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of inter-original data component prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use inter-original data component prediction; and / or In the picture parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding picture is allowed to use the original data component inter prediction: PPS raw component prediction permission flag pps_raw_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the image allows the use of inter-component prediction of the original data; a value of '0' indicates that the image does not use inter-component prediction of the original data; and / or In the picture header of the compressed data code stream, the following syntax elements exist to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding picture is allowed to use the original data component inter prediction: Image raw component prediction enable flag pic_raw_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the image allows the use of inter-component prediction of the original data; a value of '0' indicates that the image does not use inter-component prediction of the original data; and / or In the slice header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding slice is allowed to use the original data component inter prediction: Slice raw component inter-prediction enable flag slice_raw_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the slice allows the use of original data component inter-prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the slice does not use original data component inter-prediction; and / or In the sequence parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: sps residual component inter-prediction enable flag sps_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of residual data component inter-prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use residual data component inter-prediction; and / or In the sequence header of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: Sequence residual component prediction permission flag seq_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag A binary variable. A value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of residual data component inter-prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use residual data component inter-prediction; and / or In the picture parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding picture is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: PPS residual component inter-prediction enable flag pps_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the image allows the use of residual data inter-component prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the image does not use residual data inter-component prediction; and / or In the picture header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding picture allows the use of inter-prediction of residual data components: Image residual component inter-prediction enable flag pic_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the image allows the use of residual data inter-component prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the image does not use residual data inter-component prediction; and / or In the slice header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the codec block in the corresponding slice is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: Slice residual component inter-prediction enable flag slice_residual_cross_component_ prediction_enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the slice allows the use of inter-component prediction for residual data; a value of '0' indicates that the slice does not use inter-component prediction for residual data.

[0083] Embodiment 47 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, when encoding and decoding are performed using at least the original data inter-component prediction and / or the residual data inter-component prediction and quantization and dequantization operations are performed on the prediction difference of a generated component, the quantization degree of the component is adjusted; one of the adjustment methods is to increase or decrease the value of the quantization parameter, also known as the quantization factor QP, where the increase or decrease is a predetermined constant that is usually less than 10.

[0084] Embodiment 48 (Version of “two-component prediction” corresponding to Embodiment 13 or 28 regarding “three-component prediction”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device, the original data and / or residual data are referred to as original / residual data, the original / residual data has at least two components D and E, and E and D are used to predict D and E respectively; In the encoding method or device, the operation of constructing the prediction value predC = (predD, predE) of the original / residual data and the prediction difference ∆C = (∆D, ∆E) from the original / residual data E and D of at least the two components includes at least the operation represented by the following formula: predC = (-a*E, a*D) as well as (ΔD, ΔE) = ΔC = (C-PredC) / d = ((D, E)-(-a*E, a*D)) / d = ((D + a*E, E-a*D)) / d Where a is a multiplication factor, d = 1 or d = 1 + a 2 ; Obviously, a*∆D = (a*D + a 2 *E) / d,a*∆E = (a*E-a 2 *D) / d, thus deriving ΔD-a*ΔE = (D + a*E-(a*E-a 2 *D)) / d = (D + a 2 *D) / d and ΔE + a*ΔD = (E-a*D + a*D + a 2 *E) / d = (E + a 2 *E) / d, it can be seen that the relationship between the predicted differences ∆D and ∆E and the two components D and E is: D = (∆D-a*∆E)*d / (1 + a 2 ) and E = (ΔE + a*ΔD)*d / (1 + a 2 ); In the decoding method or device, the calculation method of constructing the original / residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two components from the prediction difference reconstruction values ​​rec∆D and rec∆E of at least the two components is as follows: recD = (recΔD-a*recΔE)*d / (1 + a 2 ) and recE = (recΔE + a*recΔD)*d / (1+ a 2 ), Among them, the prediction difference reconstruction values ​​rec∆D and rec∆E are the results of encoding operations including prediction and / or transformation and / or quantization and their inverse operations on the prediction differences ∆D and ∆E; obviously, when a=0, the prediction value predC of the original / residual data is zero, the original / residual data is equal to the prediction difference, and the original / residual data reconstruction value is equal to the prediction difference reconstruction value.

[0085] Embodiment 49 (Version of “two-component prediction” corresponding to Embodiment 15 or 31 of “three-component prediction”) In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 48, the value range of the multiplication factor a is one of the following sets: R = {m / 2 n : -2 n+1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1}={0, ±m / 2 n : 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 n+1 = {±m / 2 n : 0≤ m ≤ 2 n+1} or a subset of R, where n is a predetermined positive number and m is -2 n+1 with 2 n+1 All or part of the integers between or A subset of R, including at least: R n = {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , m=±(2 n +2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or R n A subset of , including the subset {0, m / 2 n : m=±2 k , 0 ≤ k ≤ n} or a subset thereof or When n=6, R6={0, ±0.015625, ±0.03125, ±0.0625, ±0.125, ±0.25, ±0.5, ±1,±1.015625, ±1.03125, ±1.0625, ±1.125, ±1.25, ±1.5, ±2}={0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1, ±(1+1 / 64), ±(1+2 / 64), ±(1+4 / 64), ±(1+8 / 64), ±(1+16 / 64), ±(1+32 / 64), ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±1 / 64, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±2 / 64, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 32, ±2 / 32, ±4 / 32, ±8 / 32, ±16 / 32, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64, ±1} = {0, ±1 / 8, ±2 / 8, ±4 / 8, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R6 {0, ±4 / 64, ±8 / 64, ±16 / 64, ±32 / 64} = {0, ±1 / 16, ±2 / 16, ±4 / 16, ±8 / 16} or a subset thereof or When n=1, R1 = {0, m / 2: m=±2 k , m=±(2+2 k ), 0 ≤ k ≤ 1} = {0, m / 2: m=±1, ±2,±3, ±4} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1, ±2} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1 / 2, ±1} or a subset thereof or A subset of R1 {0, ±1} or its subsets {0, 1} or {0, −1}.

[0086] Embodiment 50 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 48, d=1+a 2 , When a is not zero, rec∆E or rec∆D is set to zero. In the decoding method or device, the original / residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two components are constructed from at least rec∆D or rec∆E. The calculation method is as follows: recD = recΔD and recE = -a*recΔD or recD = -a*recΔE and recE = recΔE; When a is zero, the original / residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two components are calculated as follows: recD = rec∆D and recE = rec∆E.

[0087] Embodiment 51 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Embodiment 50, When a is not zero, the compressed data bitstream contains at least information required to represent and obtain the prediction difference reconstruction value rec∆E, but does not contain information required to represent and obtain the prediction difference reconstruction value rec∆D; When a is zero, the compressed data code stream contains at least information required to represent and obtain the prediction difference reconstruction values ​​rec∆D and rec∆E of the two components.

[0088] Embodiment 52 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 51, the information required to represent and obtain rec∆D and / or rec∆E includes at least information representing and obtaining the result of encoding operations including prediction and / or transformation and / or quantization on the prediction difference ∆D and / or ∆E, or at least includes information representing and obtaining the result of encoding operations including quantization on the prediction difference ∆D and / or ∆E.

[0089] Embodiment 53 In the encoding method or device or decoding method or device described in Example 50, the value range of the multiplication factor a is {0, ±1 / 2, ±1, ±2} or a subset thereof.

[0090] Embodiment 54 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 53, when the encoding and decoding block adopts the intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 11 ={0, 1 / 2, 1} or R 12 ={0, -1 / 2, -1}, otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 21 ={0, 1} or R 22 ={0, -1}.

[0091] Embodiment 55 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 54, in the picture parameter set or the picture header or the slice header of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element indicating the value range of the inter-component prediction multiplication factor a in all codec blocks in the corresponding picture or slice: PPS inter-component prediction multiplier factor value range flag pps_ccp_multiplier_value_range_ flag or Image component prediction multiplier value range flag pic_ccp_multiplier_value_range_ flag or Slice component prediction multiplier factor value range flag slice_ccp_multiplier_value_ range_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that in the corresponding image or strip, when the codec block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 11 , otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 21 ; A value of '0' indicates that in the corresponding image or strip, when the codec block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 12 , otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 22 .

[0092] Embodiment 56 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 50, in the codec block header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements whose values ​​are binary variables: Coding block component D mode flag cb_D_md_flag , Coding block component E mode flag cb_E_md_ flag , Coding block component zero flag cb_be_0_flag The value of a and which component is set to zero are determined by the values ​​of these three flags. When the codec block uses intra-frame coding mode, the components set to zero and the value of a are determined by the following table: When the codec block does not use intra-frame coding mode, the components set to zero and the value of a are determined by the following table: In the above table, whether the non-zero value of a is positive or negative is determined by PPS inter-component prediction multiplication factor value range flag Bit or Inter-image component prediction multiplication factor value range flag or Inter-slice component prediction multiplication factor value range flag Bit The value of is determined, x represents a value of 0 or 1, a value of 0 indicates that the prediction difference values ​​of the corresponding component D or E in the codec block are all zero, and a value of 1 indicates that the prediction difference values ​​of the corresponding component D or E in the codec block are not all zero.

[0093] Embodiment 57 In the encoding method or device or the decoding method or device described in Example 56, multiplication by a=1 / 2 is right shifting by 1 bit, and multiplication by a=-1 / 2 is multiplication by -1 and then right shifting by 1 bit.

Claims

1. A method for compressing and decoding an image, a sequence of images, or video data having three components, one luminance component and two chrominance components, characterized in that At least the following steps are included: Parsing the compressed data bitstream to obtain at least information indicating whether the decoded block uses inter-component prediction of residual data; Performing inter-original data component prediction, wherein the inter-original data component prediction at least includes constructing predicted values ​​of original data of Q=2 chrominance components or their reconstructed values ​​from original data of at least H=1 luminance component or its reconstructed value and / or constructing original data reconstructed values ​​of the two chrominance components from the predicted values ​​of at least the two chrominance components and / or predicted difference values ​​of the two chrominance components or their reconstructed values; Performing inter-component prediction of residual data, wherein the inter-component prediction of residual data includes at least: The residual data has at least two chrominance components D and E; The calculation method of constructing the residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two chrominance components from the prediction difference reconstruction values ​​recΔD and recΔE of at least the two chrominance components is as follows: recD = rec△D - a*rec△E = rec△D + a*(-rec△E) = rec△D + (-a)*rec△E and recE = rec△E + a*rec△D, Wherein, a is a multiplication factor, and the prediction difference reconstruction values ​​rec△D and rec△E are the results of encoding operations including prediction and / or transformation and / or quantization and inverse operations thereof on the prediction difference values ​​△D and △E; The residual data inter-component prediction also has the following characteristics: Feature 1: When a is not zero, rec△E or rec△D is set to zero, and the calculation method of constructing the residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two chrominance components from at least rec△D or rec△E is as follows: recD = rec△D and recE = -a*rec△D = (-a)*rec△D = a*(-rec△D), when rec△E is 0 or recD = -a*rec△E = (-a)*rec△E = a*(-rec△E) and recE = rec△E, when rec△D is 0; When a is zero, the residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two chrominance components are calculated as follows: recD = rec△D and recE = rec△E; or, Feature 2: When a is not zero, one of the predicted difference reconstruction values ​​rec△D and rec△E of the two chrominance components D and E is 0, the chrominance component with the predicted difference reconstruction value of 0 is denoted as Y, and the other chrominance component is denoted as X. The calculation method of the two chrominance component reconstruction values ​​recX and recY is as follows: recX = rec△X and recY = -a*rec△X = (-a)*rec△X = a*(-rec△X); When a is zero, the residual data reconstruction values ​​recD and recE of the two chrominance components are calculated as follows: recX = rec△X, where X is the chrominance component D and the chrominance component E respectively; The value range of the multiplication factor a is {0, ±1 / 2, ±1} or a subset thereof; Among them, the operation of multiplying a = 1 / 2 is to shift right by 1 bit, and the operation of multiplying a = -1 / 2 is to multiply by -1 and then shift right by 1 bit; The brightness component, chrominance component D, and chrominance component E are also recorded as Y brightness component, U chrominance component, and V chrominance component, or as Y brightness component, Cb chrominance component, and Cr chrominance component.

2. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a is not zero, the compressed data code stream contains at least information required to represent and obtain the prediction difference reconstruction value rec△E, but does not contain information required to represent and obtain the prediction difference reconstruction value rec△D; When a is zero, the compressed data code stream contains at least information required to represent and obtain the predicted difference reconstruction values ​​recΔD and recΔE of the two chrominance components.

3. The decoding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The information required to represent and obtain rec△D and / or rec△E at least includes information representing and obtaining the result of operations including prediction and / or transformation and / or quantization on the predicted difference △D and / or △E, or at least includes information representing and obtaining the result of operations including quantization on the predicted difference △D and / or △E.

4. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the decoding block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 11 ={0, 1 / 2, 1} or R 12 ={0, -1 / 2, -1}; otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 21 ={0, 1} or R 22 ={0, -1}; Therefore, the two calculation methods of recD and recE in the features 1 and 2 are respectively: Calculation method 1: If the decoding block uses intra-frame coding mode, a can only take the value of 0, ±1, ±1 / 2, When a = 0, recD = rec△D and recE = rec△E When a = ±1, recD = rec△D and recE = -(±1)*rec△D = ( 1)*rec△D = (±1)*(-rec△D), when rec△E is 0 or recD = -(±1)*rec△E = ( 1)*rec△E = (±1)*(-rec△E) and recE = rec△E, when rec△D is 0 When a = ±1 / 2, recD = rec△D and recE = -(±1 / 2)*rec△D = ( 1 / 2)*rec△D = (±1 / 2)*(-rec△D), when rec△E is 0 or recD = -(±1 / 2)*rec△E = ( 1 / 2)*rec△E = (±1 / 2)*(-rec△E) and recE = rec△E, when rec△D is 0; Otherwise, that is, the decoding block does not use intra-frame coding mode, a can only take the value 0, ±1, When a = 0, recD = rec△D and recE = rec△E When a = ±1, recD = rec△D and recE = -(±1)*rec△D = ( 1)*rec△D = (±1)*(-rec△D), when rec△E is 0 or recD = -(±1)*rec△E = ( 1)*rec△E = (±1)*(-rec△E) and recE = rec△E, when rec△D is 0; or, Calculation method 2: If the decoding block uses intra-frame coding mode, a can only take the value of 0, ±1, ±1 / 2, When a = 0, recX = rec△X, where X is the chrominance component D and the chrominance component E respectively; When a = ±1, recX = rec△X and recY = -(±1)*rec△X = ( 1)*rec△X = (±1)*(-rec△X); When a = ±1 / 2, recX = rec△X and recY = -(±1 / 2)*rec△X = ( 1 / 2)*rec△X = (±1 / 2)*(-rec△X); Otherwise, that is, the decoding block does not use intra-frame coding mode, a can only take the value 0, ±1, When a = 0, recX = rec△X, where X is the chrominance component D and the chrominance component E respectively; When a = ±1, recX = rec△X and recY = -(±1)*rec△X = ( 1)*rec△X = (±1)*(-rec△X).

5. The decoding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the picture parameter set or picture header or slice header of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element to indicate the value range of the inter-component prediction multiplication factor a in all decoding blocks in the corresponding picture or slice: PPS inter-component prediction multiplier factor value range flag pps_ccp_multiplier_value_range_flag or Image component prediction multiplier value range flag pic_ccp_multiplier_value_range_flag or Slice component prediction multiplier value range flag slice_ccp_multiplier_value_range_ flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that in the corresponding image or strip, when the decoding block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 11 , otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 21 ; A value of '0' indicates that in the corresponding image or slice, when the decoding block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 12 , otherwise, the value range of the multiplication factor a is R 22 ; R 11 , R 21 , R 12 , R 22 The difference is that the non-zero values ​​of the first two are positive numbers, while the non-zero values ​​of the second two are negative numbers and are the opposite of the non-zero values ​​of the first two.

6. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the decoded block header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements whose values ​​are binary variables: Decoding block component D mode flag cb_D_md_flag , Decoding block component E mode flag cb_E_md_flag , untie Code block component zero flag cb_be_0_flag The values ​​of these three flags determine the value of a and which component's predicted difference reconstruction value is set to zero. When the decoding block adopts intra-frame coding mode, the components set to zero and the value of a are determined by the following logic statements: if cb_be_0_flag is 0, there is no zero component, and the value of a is 0; if cb_be_0_flag is 1, then, if cb_D_md_flag and cb_E_md_flag If they are 1 and 1 respectively, then rec△E is set to zero and the value of a is 1 or -1; if cb_D_md_flag and cb_E_md_flag If they are 1 and 0 respectively, then rec△E is set to zero and the value of a is 1 / 2 or -1 / 2; if cb_D_md_flag and cb_E_md_flag If they are 0 and 1 respectively, then rec△D is set to zero and the value of a is 1 / 2 or -1 / 2; When the decoding block does not use intra-frame coding mode, the components set to zero and the value of a are determined by the following logic statements: if cb_be_0_flag is 0, there is no zero component, and the value of a is 0; if cb_be_0_flag is 1 and cb_D_md_flag and cb_E_md_flag If both are 1, then rec△E is set to zero and the value of a is 1 or -1; In the above logic statement, whether the value of a is positive or negative is determined by PPS inter-component prediction multiplication factor value range flag Bit or Inter-image component prediction multiplication factor value range flag or Inter-slice component prediction multiplication factor value range flag Bit The value of is determined.

7. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that Includes the following features 1 and / or 2: Feature 1: The decoding block is a decoding area of ​​the image, including at least one of the following: a slice, a tile, a macroblock, a maximum coding unit LCU, a coding tree unit CTU, a coding unit CU, a sub-area of ​​a CU, a sub-coding unit SubCU, a prediction unit PU, a sub-area of ​​a PU, a sub-prediction unit SubPU, a transform unit TU, a sub-area of ​​a TU, a sub-transform unit SubTU, and a transform block; Feature 2: The information indicating whether the decoding block uses inter-residual data component prediction is present in one or more of the following places in the compressed data code stream: 1) Sequence parameter set; the expression form includes one or more directly existing or implicitly derived or mixed grammatical elements predetermined in the sequence parameter set; 2) Image parameter set; the expression includes one or more grammatical elements directly existing, implicitly derived or mixed in the image parameter set; 3) Sequence header; the expression includes one or more grammatical elements that are directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the sequence header; 4) Image header; the expression includes one or more grammatical elements that are directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the image header; 5) Strip header; the expression includes one or more grammatical elements that are directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the strip header; 6) CTU header; the expression includes one or more direct, implicitly derived or mixed grammatical elements predetermined in the CTU header; 7) CU header; the expression includes one or more grammatical elements that are directly present, implicitly derived, or mixed in the CU header; 8) decoding block header; the representation includes one or more grammatical elements directly present, implicitly derived or mixed in the decoding block header; The directly existing syntax elements are composed of one or more bit strings or bit strings in the compressed data code stream; the implicitly derived syntax elements are syntax elements derived from other coding parameters and / or decoding variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream or predetermined syntax element default values; the mixed syntax elements are partially directly existing, that is, composed of one or more bit strings in the compressed data code stream, and partially implicitly derived, that is, derived from other coding parameters and / or decoding variables and / or other syntax elements of the compressed data code stream and / or predetermined syntax element default values, a mixed syntax element.

8. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sequence parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element indicating whether the decoding block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: sps residual component inter-prediction enable flag sps_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of residual data component inter-prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use residual data component inter-prediction; and / or In the sequence header of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element to indicate whether the decoding block in the corresponding sequence is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: Sequence residual component prediction permission flag seq_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the video sequence allows the use of residual data component inter-prediction; a value of '0' indicates that the video sequence does not use residual data component inter-prediction; and / or In the picture parameter set of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the decoding block in the corresponding picture is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: PPS residual component inter-prediction enable flag pps_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variables; The value is '1', which means that the image allows the use of residual data inter-component prediction; the value is '0', which means that the image does not use residual data inter-component prediction; and / or In the picture header of the compressed data code stream, there is the following syntax element to indicate whether the decoding block in the corresponding picture is allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: Image residual component inter-prediction enable flag pic_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variables; The value is '1', which means that the image allows the use of residual data inter-component prediction; the value is '0', which means that the image does not use residual data inter-component prediction; and / or In the slice header of the compressed data code stream, there are the following syntax elements to indicate whether the decoding blocks in the corresponding slice are allowed to use inter-prediction of residual data components: Slice residual component inter-prediction enable flag slice_residual_cross_component_prediction_ enabled_flag Binary variable; a value of '1' indicates that the slice allows the use of inter-component prediction for residual data; a value of '0' indicates that the slice does not use inter-component prediction for residual data.

9. The decoding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When decoding is performed using at least the residual data inter-component prediction and quantization and dequantization operations are performed on the prediction difference of a component generated, the quantization degree of the component is adjusted; one of the adjustment methods is to increase or decrease the value of the quantization parameter, also known as the quantization factor QP, where the increase or decrease is a predetermined constant.

10. A decoding device for compressing an image, a sequence of images, or video data having three components, one luminance component and two chrominance components, characterized in that: The invention comprises a module for implementing a decoding method for compressing an image, a sequence of images, or video data having three components, a luminance component and two chrominance components, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images