Processing type pepper selfing cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing type pepper selfing cultivation method, which relates to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and comprises the following steps: S1, seed selection: selecting processing type pepper seeds with stress resistance according to local climate conditions and common natural disasters; s2, seedling raising: the selected processing type pepper seeds are treated and then are subjected to seedling raising in a rooting culture medium; s3, disease resistance detection: performing disease resistance identification on the obtained haplobiont to obtain a pepper haplobiont with high disease resistance; s4, rooting culture; s5, transplanting; s6, performing chromosome doubling treatment on the plant; s7, carrying out selfing; and S8, harvesting. And S9, selecting a homozygous diploid plant for subsequent breeding. According to the method, the homozygous diploid plant with high disease resistance is obtained by performing chromosome doubling treatment on the plant, so that the homozygous diploid plant can better cope with the influence of environmental change, soil conditions and plant diseases and insect pests on the survival rate of the plant after transplanting, and the survival rate of the transplanted plant is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pepper cultivation, in particular to a processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Processing peppers usually refer to pepper varieties that are mainly used for processing rather than direct fresh consumption. This type of pepper is particularly suitable for making dried peppers, chili sauce, pickled peppers and other processed products due to its specific shape, taste and chemical composition. Factors considered when growing processing peppers include the size, shape, thickness, spiciness of the fruit, and adaptability to drying and storage. These characteristics enable processing peppers to maintain a good appearance and flavor during processing. Processing peppers are widely used in the food industry. They are not only an important component of condiments, but also used as food additives, such as extracting capsanthin and capsaicin. These extracts are very valuable natural raw materials in cosmetic production and food production.

[0003] The cultivation technology of processing peppers is similar to that of other vegetables, but more emphasis is placed on improving the processing quality of the fruit. This includes proper fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease management, and control of harvest timing. Optimization of cultivation technology can improve the yield and processing quality of peppers, thereby meeting the market demand for high-quality processed peppers.

[0004] At present, pepper cultivation requires centralized seedling raising first, and then transplanting to planting when the pepper seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves and have a well-developed root system, as shown in a pepper plant cultivation method disclosed in prior art publication number CN111903448B. However, pepper seedlings after transplanting are easily killed due to environmental changes, soil conditions, pests and diseases, and improper transplanting operations, resulting in a low survival rate of peppers after transplanting, and when the number of plants is large, it is impossible to achieve a large spacing between plants, resulting in the problem of cross-pollination between plant lines. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method, which transforms the pepper plants from haploid to diploid after transplantation by doubling the chromosomes of the plants, making them better able to cope with the effects of environmental changes, soil conditions and diseases and insect pests on the survival rate of the plants after transplantation, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of the plants after transplantation, and effectively solving the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Seed selection: According to local climate conditions and common natural disasters, select stress-resistant processing pepper seeds;

[0008] S2, seedling raising: treating the selected processed pepper seeds and then raising them in a rooting medium;

[0009] S3. Disease resistance detection: Identify the disease resistance of the obtained haploid plants to obtain pepper haploid plants with high disease resistance;

[0010] S4. Rooting culture: Mature embryoids were separated from highly disease-resistant pepper haploid plants, and rooting culture was performed under 28°C light conditions. After a well-developed root system was grown, hydroponic seedling hardening was performed.

[0011] S5. Transplantation: First, acclimate the seedlings in the rooting medium, then promote rapid rooting of the seedlings, and then carry out the planting treatment of the plants. After the planting survives, double the treatment;

[0012] S6, doubling the chromosomes of the plants;

[0013] S7. Self-pollination: For plants with normal anthers, use light-permeable and breathable white paper tape to make an inverted funnel-shaped cover on the flower buds that are about to bloom, hang a tag, and strictly self-pollinate to prevent pollen cross-pollination. When the flower buds open and the petals turn yellow and wilt or are about to fall off, remove the white paper tape;

[0014] S8. Harvest: Select mature peppers with tags for seeding;

[0015] S9. Identify the ploidy of the plants and select homozygous diploid plants for subsequent breeding.

[0016] Preferably, the method for processing the processed pepper seeds in step S2 includes: S2.1, drying the seeds in the sun for 2-3 hours to promote ripening and increase germination rate;

[0017] S2.2, soaking seeds: soak in clean water for 3-4 hours, then soak in warm water at 50-55℃ for 15 minutes to disinfect and accelerate germination;

[0018] S2.3. Germination: After soaking the seeds, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a constant temperature box at 30℃ for germination. Maintain the humidity and sow them after the seeds turn white.

[0019] Preferably, the specific operation in step S3 is as follows: when the root system of the seedling grows to about 2 cm and 6-7 leaves in the rooting medium, the seedling is acclimated, the bottle cap is opened, 1-2 cm of tap water is added, the bottle cap is closed, and the seedling is placed in an environment of 25° C. for 3 days; the tissue culture seedling is taken out and the culture medium of the root is washed clean, and the root is placed in a solution containing 0.1% rooting powder and carbendazim and soaked for 10 minutes to promote rapid rooting of the plant;

[0020] After that, the plants were transplanted into a 21-hole plug tray. After all the plants were transplanted, they were watered thoroughly. A support frame was placed on the plug tray. The width of the support frame was greater than the width of the plug tray and the height was 25 cm. Ensure that the support frame was 10 cm higher than the leaves of the plants. Cover the support frame with a 0.03 mm thick white film to promote plant survival. Ensure that the ambient temperature is 24-26°C. Slowly start to ventilate on the 5th day after transplanting, and water once with 1 / 2 Hoagland's nutrient solution. After 8 days, completely remove the film and resume normal management. When the plants have developed root systems and strong aboveground parts, transplant them to the field for transplanting. Double the treatment after transplanting and survival.

[0021] Preferably, the rooting powder is a water-soluble fertilizer containing 0.01% amino acids;

[0022] The ratio of the matrix in the 21-hole tray is peat: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1.

[0023] Preferably, the specific operation of the chromosome doubling treatment in step S4 is as follows: when the plant has good seedling recovery and is growing vigorously, colchicine doubling is performed, 0.2g of colchicine is dissolved in 100ml of alcohol to prepare a 0.2% colchicine solution, which is placed in a brown bottle and stored in a 4°C refrigerator for use;

[0024] Prepare p-dichlorobenzene solution. Take p-dichlorobenzene and add 95% alcohol to mix. Shake well and place in a brown bottle and place in a 4℃ refrigerator for standby use. When using, absorb the upper liquid.

[0025] After the plants take root, place cotton wool at each new growth point, drop colchicine solution on the cotton wool, make sure the cotton wool is completely soaked, then drop parachlorodiphenyl solution on it, use fiberglass poles to make a small arch shed and cover it with white film, remove the film after a week and carry out routine management.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, the ploidy of the plants treated with colchicine is not first identified, but observation and strict self-pollination are first performed. If the anthers of the plants are deformed or there is no pollen, the doubling is not successful, and the process is abandoned or a second colchicine doubling treatment is performed.

[0027] Preferably, in step S6, each pepper is harvested as a separate strain.

[0028] Preferably, the operation of ploidy identification in step S7 is as follows: a part of seeds of a strain are selected for sowing, and after they grow out, conventional diploid plants are set as a control group, and 0.2 g of fresh leaves of the control and regenerated seedlings are taken for ploidy testing using a flow cytometer;

[0029] The diploid plants obtained after ploidy testing are pure double haploid plants, which are then selected according to the breeding goals to speed up the breeding process.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention performs chromosome doubling treatment on haploid plants with strong disease resistance after transplanting to obtain homozygous diploid plants with excellent disease resistance, thereby improving the disease resistance of the plants and ensuring that the diploid plants obtained after transplanting are better able to cope with the effects of environmental changes, soil conditions and pests and diseases on the survival rate of the plants after transplanting, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of the plants after transplanting.

[0032] 2. The present invention uses an inverted funnel-shaped white paper tape to cover the flower buds of the plants after the chromosome doubling treatment to ensure that the pepper plants after the chromosome doubling treatment can achieve strict self-pollination, solve the problem of pollen cross-pollination between strains, and ensure that the seeds of the pepper plants with a high survival rate can be continued. Moreover, the diploid plants obtained after the chromosome doubling treatment are true pure lines with stable genetic information. Compared with the conventional multi-generation self-pollination purification method, the self-pollination cultivation of pepper plants in the present invention can save a lot of time and labor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] The present invention provides a processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Seed selection: According to local climate conditions and common natural disasters, select stress-resistant processing pepper seeds;

[0036] S2, seedling raising: treating the selected processed pepper seeds and then raising them in a rooting medium;

[0037] The specific processing steps include: S2.1, drying seeds: drying the seeds in the sun for 2-3 hours to promote ripening and increase germination rate;

[0038] S2.2, soaking seeds: soak in clean water for 3-4 hours, then soak in warm water at 50-55℃ for 15 minutes to disinfect and accelerate germination;

[0039] S2.3, Germination: After soaking the seeds, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a constant temperature box at 30℃ to germinate. Maintain humidity and sow them after the seeds turn white.

[0040] S3. Disease resistance detection: Identify the disease resistance of the obtained haploid plants to obtain pepper haploid plants with high disease resistance;

[0041] S4. Rooting culture: Mature embryoids were separated from highly disease-resistant pepper haploid plants, and rooting culture was performed under 28°C light conditions. After a well-developed root system was grown, hydroponic seedling hardening was performed.

[0042] S5. Transplanting: When the roots of the seedlings grow to about 2 cm and 6-7 leaves in the rooting medium, they are acclimated. The bottle cap is opened, 1-2 cm of tap water is added, the bottle cap is closed, and the seedlings are placed in an environment of 25°C for 3 days. The tissue culture seedlings are taken out and the culture medium of the roots is washed clean. The roots are placed in a solution of 0.1% rooting powder and carbendazim and soaked for 10 minutes to promote rapid rooting of the plants. The rooting powder used is a 0.01% water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids.

[0043] Afterwards, the plants were transplanted into a 21-hole tray, in which the ratio of the substrate was peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1. After all the plants were transplanted, they were watered thoroughly, and a support frame was placed on the tray. The width of the support frame was greater than the width of the tray, and the height was 25 cm. The support frame was ensured to be 10 cm higher than the leaves of the plants. A 0.03 mm thick white film was covered on the support frame to promote plant survival. The ambient temperature was ensured to be 24-26°C. On the 5th day after transplanting, the air was slowly ventilated, and 1 / 2 Hoagland's nutrient solution was watered once. After 8 days, the film was completely removed and normal management was resumed. When the plants grew to a well-developed root system and a strong aboveground part, they were transplanted to the field for transplanting, and double treatment was performed after transplanting and survival.

[0044] S6. Perform chromosome doubling treatment on the plants: When the plants have good germination and are growing vigorously, perform colchicine doubling. Dissolve 0.2 g of colchicine in 100 ml of alcohol to prepare a 0.2% colchicine solution, place it in a brown bottle, and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C for later use;

[0045] Prepare p-dichlorobenzene solution. Take p-dichlorobenzene and add 95% alcohol to mix. Shake well and place in a brown bottle and place in a 4℃ refrigerator for standby use. When using, absorb the upper liquid.

[0046] After the plants survive, place absorbent cotton at each new growth point, drip colchicine solution on the absorbent cotton to ensure that it is completely soaked, then drip parachlorodiphenyl solution, use fiberglass poles to make a small arch shed and cover it with a white film. After a week, uncover the film and carry out routine management to obtain diploid pepper plants.

[0047] This step can transform the transplanted pepper plants from haploid to diploid. Compared with traditional haploid plants, diploid pepper plants have more normal growth and development, larger body shape, and more complete development of various organs. The diploid plants obtained after transplantation according to the present invention are better able to cope with the effects of environmental changes, soil conditions, and diseases and pests on the survival rate of the plants after transplantation, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of the transplanted plants.

[0048] S7. Self-pollination: To save costs, the ploidy of the plants treated with colchicine was not identified first. Instead, they were observed and strictly self-pollinated. If the anthers of the plants were deformed or without pollen, the doubling was not successful, and the plants were abandoned or treated with colchicine twice. For plants with normal anthers, a light-transmitting and breathable white paper tape was used to make an inverted funnel-like cover on the buds that were about to bloom, and a tag was hung on it to ensure strict self-pollination and prevent pollen cross-pollination. When the buds opened and the petals turned yellow and wilted or were about to fall off, the white paper tape was removed.

[0049] The self-pollination operation in this step can help ensure the inheritance of the diploid pepper plant. At the same time, the diploid pepper plant itself is a true pure line with stable genetic information. Compared with the conventional multi-generation self-pollination purification method, the self-pollination cultivation of pepper plants in the present invention can save a lot of time and labor.

[0050] S8. Harvest: Select mature peppers with tags for seeding, and harvest each pepper as a separate plant line;

[0051] S9. Identify the ploidy of the plants. The specific operation is as follows: select a part of seeds of a strain and sow them. After they grow out, set up regular diploid plants as a control group. Take 0.2g of fresh leaves of the control and regenerated seedlings and perform ploidy test using flow cytometer;

[0052] The diploid plants obtained after ploidy testing are pure double haploid plants, which are then selected according to the breeding goals to speed up the subsequent breeding process.

[0053] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seed selection: According to local climate conditions and common natural disasters, select stress-resistant processing pepper seeds; S2, seedling cultivation: the selected processed pepper seeds are treated and then grown in a rooting medium to obtain haploid plants through anther culture; S3. Disease resistance detection: Identify the disease resistance of the obtained haploid plants to obtain pepper haploid plants with high disease resistance; S4. Rooting culture: Mature embryoids were separated from highly disease-resistant pepper haploid plants, and rooting culture was performed under 28°C light conditions. After a well-developed root system was grown, hydroponic seedling hardening was performed. S5. Transplantation: First, acclimate the seedlings in the rooting medium, then promote rapid rooting of the seedlings, and then carry out the planting treatment of the plants. After the planting survives, double the treatment; S6, doubling the chromosomes of the plants; S7. Self-pollination: For plants with normal anthers, use light-permeable and breathable white paper tape to make an inverted funnel-shaped cover on the flower buds that are about to bloom, hang a tag, and strictly self-pollinate to prevent pollen cross-pollination. When the flower buds open and the petals turn yellow and wilt or are about to fall off, remove the white paper tape; S8. Harvest: Select mature peppers with tags for seeding; S9. Identify the ploidy of the plants and select homozygous diploid plants for subsequent breeding.

2. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method for processing the processed pepper seeds includes: S2.1, drying the seeds in the sun for 2-3 hours to promote ripening and increase the germination rate; S2.2, soaking seeds: soak in clean water for 3-4 hours, then soak in warm water at 50-55℃ for 15 minutes to disinfect and accelerate germination; S2.

3. Germination: After soaking the seeds, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a constant temperature box at 30℃ for germination. Maintain the humidity and sow them after the seeds turn white.

3. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation in step S5 is as follows: when the root system of the seedling grows to 2 cm and 6-7 leaves in the rooting medium, the seedling is acclimated, the bottle cap is opened, 1-2 cm of tap water is added, the bottle cap is closed, and the seedling is placed in an environment of 25°C for 3 days; the tissue culture seedling is taken out and the culture medium of the root is washed clean, and the root is placed in a solution containing 0.1% rooting powder and carbendazim and soaked for 10 minutes to promote rapid rooting of the plant; After that, the plants were transplanted into a 21-hole plug tray. After all the plants were transplanted, they were watered thoroughly. A support frame was placed on the plug tray. The width of the support frame was greater than the width of the plug tray and the height was 25 cm. Ensure that the support frame was 10 cm higher than the leaves of the plants. Cover the support frame with a 0.03 mm thick white film to promote plant survival. Ensure that the ambient temperature is 24-26°C. On the 5th day after transplanting, slowly start to ventilate and water once with 1 / 2 Hoagland's nutrient solution. After 8 days, completely remove the film and resume normal management. When the plants grow to a well-developed root system and a strong aboveground part, transplant them to the field for transplanting. Double the treatment after transplanting and survival.

4. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rooting powder is a water-soluble fertilizer containing 0.01% amino acids; The ratio of the matrix in the 21-hole tray is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:

1.

5. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of the chromosome doubling treatment in step S6 is as follows: when the plant has a good seedling and is growing vigorously, colchicine doubling is performed, 0.2g of colchicine is dissolved in 100ml of alcohol to prepare a 0.2% colchicine solution, which is placed in a brown bottle and stored in a 4°C refrigerator for later use; Prepare p-dichlorobenzene solution. Take p-dichlorobenzene and add 95% alcohol to mix. Shake well and place in a brown bottle and place in a 4℃ refrigerator for standby use. When using, absorb the upper liquid. After the plants take root, place cotton wool at each new growth point, drop colchicine solution on the cotton wool, make sure the cotton wool is completely soaked, then drop parachlorodiphenyl solution on it, use fiberglass poles to make a small arch shed and cover it with white film, remove the film after a week and carry out routine management.

6. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the ploidy of the plants treated with colchicine is not identified first, but observation and strict self-pollination are performed first. If the anthers of the plants are deformed or there is no pollen, the doubling is not successful, and the doubling is abandoned or a second colchicine doubling treatment is performed.

7. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, each pepper is harvested as a separate strain.

8. The processing type pepper self-pollination cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation of ploidy identification in step S9 is as follows: a part of seeds of a strain are selected for sowing, and after they grow out, conventional diploid plants are set as a control group, and 0.2 g of fresh leaves of the control and regenerated seedlings are taken for ploidy testing using a flow cytometer; The diploid plants obtained after ploidy testing are pure double haploid plants, which are then selected according to the breeding goals to speed up the breeding process.