Method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain type agricultural wastes by adopting wooden box body and fermented feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and discloses a method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain type agricultural wastes by adopting a wooden box body, which is characterized in that a solid state fermentation material containing the non-grain type agricultural wastes is placed in the wooden box body for micro-aerobic fermentation; the fermentation time is 5-7 days; the fermentation temperature is 28-35 DEG C; the wooden box body is formed by splicing a plurality of wood plates; a plurality of air guide pipes extending from bottom to top are arranged in the wooden box body; a plurality of air guide holes are formed in the side wall of the air guide pipe; and the top of the air guide pipe is communicated with the atmosphere. According to the method, a wooden box body is adopted for fermentation, and a gas guide pipe is arranged; the outside of the solid-state fermentation material is ensured to be in a micro-aerobic state through the gas passing ability of the wooden box body, and the center of the solid-state fermentation material is kept in a micro-aerobic state through the gas guide pipe, so that controllable micro-aerobic fermentation is realized. The method has the advantages that materials are uniformly, fully and thoroughly fermented, stirring and ventilation are not needed in the whole fermentation process, energy is saved, and operation is easy. Meanwhile, the invention also provides the fermented feed obtained based on the method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain agricultural waste using a wooden box and fermented feed. Background Art

[0002] Producing feed by fermenting agricultural waste is an effective means to achieve agricultural waste recycling; the existing methods of producing bio-feed by fermenting agricultural waste are mostly through anaerobic or aerobic fermentation in fermentation tanks;

[0003] Microaerobic fermentation technology is between anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation. It promotes more efficient conversion of solid fermentation materials by providing a small amount of oxygen to solid fermentation materials. Microaerobic fermentation technology is more commonly used in wine fermentation, and there is no literature published on its application in feed fermentation.

[0004] Microaerobic fermentation technology is not commonly used in solid fermentation because the oxygen distribution technology is difficult to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain agricultural waste using a wooden box. The method uses a wooden box for fermentation and is provided with an air guide tube. The gas permeability of the wooden box is used to ensure that the outside of the solid-state fermentation material is in a micro-aerobic state, and the center of the solid-state fermentation material is kept in a micro-aerobic state through the air guide tube, so as to realize controllable micro-aerobic fermentation. The method has the advantages of making the material fermented evenly, fully and thoroughly, not requiring stirring and ventilation during the entire fermentation process, saving energy and being easy to operate.

[0006] At the same time, the invention also provides fermented feed obtained based on the method.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain agricultural waste using a wooden box, wherein solid fermentation materials containing non-grain agricultural waste are placed in a wooden box for micro-aerobic fermentation; the fermentation time is 5 to 7 days; the fermentation temperature is 28 to 35°C;

[0008] The wooden box is formed by splicing a plurality of wooden boards; a plurality of air guide tubes extending from bottom to top are arranged in the wooden box; a plurality of air guide holes are arranged on the side walls of the air guide tubes; and the top of the air guide tubes is in communication with the atmosphere.

[0009] Traditional anaerobic fermentation requires the solid fermentation materials to be sealed and left static, while traditional aerobic fermentation generally uses liquid culture medium or continuously stirs the solid fermentation materials. Both of these fermentation methods have disadvantages for non-grain agricultural waste, and their ability to degrade crude fiber is not good enough.

[0010] The innovation of the present invention lies in: using a fermentation container made of wooden boards, the wooden boards constituting the container and the wooden boards themselves have a slight ability to allow oxygen to pass through; in addition, the solid fermentation material itself has a certain air permeability, and the structural design of the air duct is adopted, so that the external air can form a directional slight flow, that is, the air flows from the outside of the wooden box to the surface of the solid fermentation material and enters the air duct through the solid fermentation material, and is discharged to the atmosphere through the air duct. This gas flow is often unidirectional, especially in the middle and late stages of fermentation, fermentation gas will be generated in the solid fermentation material, and these fermentation gases can be discharged relatively smoothly through the air duct, and a unidirectional circulation path is constructed for the air to slowly penetrate the solid fermentation material from the outside to the inside.

[0011] In addition, in the initial start-up stage of fermentation, the solid-state fermentation material has not yet produced much fermentation gas. The outside air can flow into the solid-state fermentation material through the air duct, which can quickly start micro-aerobic fermentation and significantly shorten the fermentation culture time.

[0012] Through the optimization of the present invention, the crude fiber of the solid-state fermentation material can be reduced and the crude protein and total sugar contents can be increased.

[0013] In the above method, the non-grain agricultural waste is one or more combinations of passion fruit residue, pineapple residue, and mushroom residue; the moisture content of the above waste is 18-25wt%.

[0014] In the above method, the solid-state fermentation material has the following components in weight percentage:

[0015] Non-food agricultural waste: 40-45wt%;

[0016] Corn flour: 10-15wt%;

[0017] Wheat bran: 15-20wt%;

[0018] Soybean meal: 1.5-2.0wt%;

[0019] Barleyworm powder or earthworm powder: 1.5-2.0wt%;

[0020] Soy molasses: 15-20wt%.

[0021] Composite minerals 0.45-0.5wt%;

[0022] The total amount of the above-mentioned substances, non-grain agricultural waste, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, barley insect meal or earthworm meal, soybean molasses, and complex minerals, is 100wt%;

[0023] The moisture content is controlled at 35-38wt%.

[0024] The culture medium of the invention provides sufficient carbon source and nitrogen source for the fermentation culture process through corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal and molasses. At the same time, these components can be used as nutrients for animals after fermentation to improve palatability and digestibility.

[0025] In the present invention, the composite minerals have two uses: providing the minerals required by fermentation bacteria and providing the minerals required for animal growth; therefore, different composite minerals can be selected for different feeds. For example, when preparing pig feed by the method of the present invention, commercial composite minerals can be selected, such as Shuxing pig universal trace element premix feed 9025A, which mainly contains trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, etc., which are also the mineral elements required for fermentation by fermentation bacteria, and Shuxing poultry trace element premix feed 8021A suitable for poultry.

[0026] The applicant's prior application has demonstrated that barley worm powder or earthworm powder has the function of inhibiting odor generation and improving animal intestinal health; by adding it to solid-state fermentation materials, part of its protein can be decomposed into polypeptides, and the antibacterial oil can be better integrated into the culture medium, thereby increasing its availability and further improving the breeding effect.

[0027] In the above method, the fermentation bacteria are one or more combinations of cellulase-producing bacteria, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus acidilactici.

[0028] In the above method, 10-20 kg of bacterial solution is inoculated per ton of solid fermentation material; the bacterial solution contains 1-10×10 9 cfu / ml of fermentation bacteria.

[0029] In the above method, the material of the wooden box is a wooden box made of lychee wood. The present invention uses lychee wood as the raw material for the box due to several practical factors: 1. The southern region is now promoting the replacement of new lychee varieties, and old lychee trees are cut down, and these lychee woods can be used locally; 2. Lychee wood is insect-proof and anti-bacterial and has a tight texture. The box made of this material is durable; each side of the box can be disassembled and reused after being dried in the sun, and its service life is longer than that of wood such as poplar.

[0030] In the above method, the solid fermentation material is filled to the top of the wooden box without any gaps, and the top of the wooden box is covered by a cover plate; the air guide tube extends out from the cover plate.

[0031] In the above method, the ratio of the length, width and height of the wooden box is 1-2:0.5-1:1;

[0032] On the projected area, 5 to 10 air ducts with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm are inserted per square meter of the projected area; the air ducts extend to the middle and lower part or the bottom of the wooden box.

[0033] Finally, the present invention also discloses a fermented feed, which is prepared by any of the above methods.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention adopts a wooden box for fermentation and is provided with an air duct; the gas permeability of the wooden box is used to ensure that the outside of the solid fermentation material is in a micro-oxygen state, and the center of the solid fermentation material is kept in a micro-oxygen state through the air duct, thereby achieving controllable micro-oxygen fermentation.

[0036] The fermented feed prepared by the method of the present invention has high nutritional value, can effectively improve the breeding efficiency of chickens, improve intestinal health, and inhibit odor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a wooden box according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the airway tube of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-grain agricultural waste using a wooden box, the method comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: preparing solid-state fermentation materials;

[0043] Mix pineapple residue, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, barley worm powder (dry powder), soybean molasses, and complex minerals (universal trace element premix feed for pigs 9025A);

[0044] Add the activated bacterial liquid into drinking water and spray it into the above mixture, stir it continuously in a mixer, and measure the water content of the solid-state fermentation material to make it 36.5±1.5wt%;

[0045] The preparation of bacterial solution can refer to paragraph 31 of the specification of CN112868888A.

[0046] The fermentation bacteria used in this embodiment are composite bacteria, which are composed of cellulase-producing bacteria, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (the raw materials of the strains are all purchased from Xi'an Mixianer Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); the preparation method is: Aspergillus niger, cellulase-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis are activated respectively (50ul of the thawed strains are taken at the edge of the plate culture medium, inoculated on the corresponding lower culture medium by the streak method and placed in a 37°C culture medium for culture, cellulase-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis are cultured for about 12h, and Aspergillus niger is cultured at 30°C for about 48h) to obtain the activated strains; then the activated strains are cultured on a shaking table (single colonies that grow well on the solid culture medium are selected and inoculated into 5ml of liquid culture medium, cellulase-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis are placed at 37°C for culture for 24h, and Aspergillus niger is placed at 30°C for culture for 24h). After measurement, the viable bacterial content of the cellulase-producing bacteria liquid is 3.5×10 9 cfu / ml, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus niger liquid is 2.4×10 9 cfu / ml; the live bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis liquid is 1.2×10 9 cfu / ml, and the live bacteria content of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1.5×10 9 cfu / ml. The volume ratio of cellulase-producing bacteria solution, Aspergillus niger solution, Bacillus subtilis solution and Lactobacillus plantarum solution is 1:1:1:1; the total dosage of the above-mentioned bacteria solution is 15kg / ton of solid fermentation material; the solid fermentation material referred to here refers to the total weight of pineapple residue, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, barley worm powder (dry powder), soybean molasses and composite minerals, excluding the drinking water added later to adjust the moisture content of the solid fermentation material.

[0047] The composition of each substance is:

[0048] Pineapple residue: 45wt%;

[0049] Corn flour: 15wt%;

[0050] Wheat bran: 20wt%;

[0051] Soybean meal: 1.5wt%;

[0052] Barleyworm powder or earthworm powder: 1.5wt%;

[0053] Soy molasses: 16.5wt%.

[0054] Complex minerals 0.5wt%;

[0055] The water content of the solid-state fermentation material was adjusted to 36.5±1.5 wt % by adding additional water.

[0056] Step 2: Add the solid-state fermentation material that has been stirred evenly into the wooden box;

[0057] Wooden box reference Figure 1 The size of the wooden box 1 is 2m*1m*1m, and the projected area is 2m 2 , evenly insert 12 stainless steel airway tubes with a diameter of 5 cm 2; reference Figure 2 The surface of the stainless steel air duct 2 has a plurality of holes 3, which are used to introduce the gas in the solid fermentation material into the atmosphere, and introduce the atmosphere into the solid fermentation material in the early stage of fermentation. The stainless steel air duct is a structure with two ends connected. The stainless steel air duct is pre-laid in the box body and then filled with solid fermentation material; the stainless steel air duct is arranged in a 2*6 layout.

[0058] The six sides of the wooden box are made of lychee wood boards, and the top plate is reserved with holes for plugging in the stainless steel air duct so that the stainless steel air duct can be directly connected to the atmosphere; the lychee wood boards need to be dried in the shade in advance and then the box is made. When making the box, it should be ensured that there are no obvious gaps between adjacent templates to avoid too much air entering the surface of the solid fermentation material.

[0059] Step 3: Static fermentation, the fermentation time is 7 days, the ambient fermentation temperature is controlled at 32±2℃. After the fermentation is completed, one side of the wooden box is removed, and the materials in the wooden box are shoveled away manually or mechanically and the relevant content is tested.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The method is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the bacterial liquids used are Aspergillus niger liquid, Bacillus subtilis liquid and Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, and the volume ratio is 1:1:1; and the total amount of bacterial liquid used is 15 kg / ton of solid fermentation material.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The method is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the bacterial liquids used are Aspergillus niger liquid, Bacillus subtilis liquid and Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, and the volume ratio is 1:1:1; and the total amount of bacterial liquid used is 20 kg / ton of solid fermentation material.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The method is generally the same as Example 1, except that no air duct is provided in the wooden box, and the entire process is carried out by surface micro-aerobic fermentation.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] The method is substantially the same as Example 1, except that anaerobic fermentation is performed using silage fermentation bags, and the fermentation time is extended to 25 days.

[0068] The solid fermentation material with a moisture content of 36.5±1.5wt%, the products obtained by fermentation in Examples 1 to 3, and the fermentation products in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested for crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, total sugar, and moisture content. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1 Test results

[0070]

[0071] Result analysis:

[0072] It can be seen from the above Examples 1 to 3 that, compared with the blank group, the microaerobic fermentation culture method of the present invention can significantly increase the total sugar, reduce crude fiber and crude ash, and increase the crude protein content; among them, the use of a four-bacteria composite method is the most effective means to improve the fermentation efficiency.

[0073] It can be seen from the above Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that the use of micro-aerobic fermentation to maintain the discharge of fermentation gas in the solid fermentation material and to keep the culture medium as a whole in a state of micro-aerobic flow is a very important means to improve the activity of the strain and the fermentation effect.

[0074] It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 that, compared with the traditional silage anaerobic fermentation method, the fermentation time is short and the feed nutritional value is high, which is an effective means to improve the utilization rate of high-fiber roughage.

[0075] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for micro-aerobic fermentation of non-food agricultural waste using a wooden box, characterized in that: The solid fermentation material containing non-grain agricultural waste is placed in a wooden box for micro-aerobic fermentation; the fermentation time is 5 to 7 days; the fermentation temperature is 28 to 35°C; The wooden box is formed by splicing a plurality of wooden boards; a plurality of air guide tubes extending from bottom to top are arranged in the wooden box; a plurality of air guide holes are arranged on the side wall of the air guide tube; and the top of the air guide tube is in communication with the air.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The non-grain agricultural waste is one or more combinations of passion fruit residue, pineapple residue and mushroom residue.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The solid-state fermentation material has the following components in weight percentage: Non-food agricultural waste: 40-45wt%; Corn flour: 10-15wt%; Wheat bran: 15-20wt%; Soybean meal: 1.5-2.0wt%; Barleyworm powder or earthworm powder: 1.5-2.0wt%; Soy molasses: 15-20wt%. Composite minerals 0.45-0.5wt%; The moisture content is controlled at 35-38wt%.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermentation bacteria are one or more combinations of cellulase-producing bacteria, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The solid fermentation material is inoculated with 10-20 kg of bacterial solution per ton; the bacterial solution contains 1-10×10 9 cfu / ml of fermentation bacteria.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the wooden box is a wooden box made of litchi wood.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The solid fermentation material is filled to the top of the wooden box without any gaps, and the top of the wooden box is covered by a cover plate; the air guide tube extends from the cover plate.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of the length, width and height of the wooden box is 1-2:0.5-1:1; On the projected area, 5 to 10 air ducts with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm are inserted per square meter of the projected area; the air ducts extend to the middle and lower part or the bottom of the wooden box.

9. A fermented feed, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 8.

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