A gauge measurement system, measurement method, and metrological calibration method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a gauge measurement system, a measurement method, and a metrological calibration method. The gauge measurement system is installed at the bottom of a track inspection vehicle through a bearing beam, and includes a detection beam, a left rotation device, a right rotation device, a left point laser ranging sensor, a right point laser ranging sensor, a left acceleration sensor, and a right acceleration sensor; the detection beam is arranged parallel to the bottom of the bearing beam; the two rotation devices are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the front side of the detection beam, the two laser ranging sensors are respectively arranged on the two rotation devices, and the two rotation devices are respectively used to adjust the angles of the two laser ranging sensors so that the laser emission points are located 16 mm below the rail surfaces of the right and left rails when the track inspection vehicle is stationary; the two acceleration sensors are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the rear side of the detection beam and are respectively used to detect the transverse and longitudinal accelerations of the two laser ranging sensors. The present invention can accurately measure the gauge and can calibrate the original gauge measurement system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of measurement and detection of rail transit equipment, and particularly relates to a gauge measurement system, a measurement method, and a metrological calibration method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of China's rail transit industry, the operating speed of the rail transit system has increased, the construction mileage has increased, and the lines have become increasingly busy, resulting in an increase in the wheel-rail dynamic action. This causes various irregularities, surface wear and defects on the track, which affect the ride comfort of rail vehicles and may trigger serious accidents such as derailment and overturning. Therefore, the operating status of the track detection system directly determines the safe operation of trains.

[0003] Currently, the gauge detection in track detection generally uses a two-dimensional laser scanner and an inertial reference method for detection, and its accuracy needs to be improved. In addition, the detection system needs to be calibrated regularly to verify the accuracy of the detection system itself, measure the geometric parameters of the rail more accurately, and ensure the safety and stability of the operation of the subway train. At present, for the gauge measurement system on the track inspection vehicle in the domestic urban rail transit industry, due to the complex installation and high integration with the structure of the track inspection vehicle, the disassembly process not only takes time and effort, but also easily has an adverse impact on the installation accuracy and service life of the system. Therefore, it can be basically said that it is very troublesome to disassemble the gauge measurement system for inspection, and the inspection process takes a long time, which directly affects the detection and maintenance work of rail transit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a gauge measurement system, a measurement method, and a metrological calibration method.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a gauge measurement system is provided, which is installed at the bottom of the track inspection vehicle through a bearing beam, and includes a detection beam, a left rotation device, a right rotation device, a left point laser distance measurement sensor, a right point laser distance measurement sensor, a left acceleration sensor, and a right acceleration sensor;

[0007] The detection beam is arranged parallel to the bottom of the bearing beam and is connected to the bottom of the bearing beam;

[0008] The left rotation device is arranged at the left end of the front side of the detection beam, the left point laser distance measurement sensor is arranged on the left rotation device, and the left rotation device is used to adjust the angle of the left point laser distance measurement sensor so that the laser emission point of the left point laser distance measurement sensor is located 16 mm below the right rail surface when the track inspection vehicle is stationary;

[0009] The right rotation device is arranged at the right end of the front side of the detection beam. The right point laser distance measuring sensor is arranged on the right rotation device. The right rotation device is used to adjust the angle of the right point laser distance measuring sensor so that the laser emission point of the right point laser distance measuring sensor is located 16 mm below the surface of the left rail when the track inspection vehicle is stationary.

[0010] The left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the rear side of the detection beam, and are respectively used to detect the lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the detection beam and the bearing beam are detachably connected.

[0012] Preferably, both the left rotation device and the right rotation device adopt manual rotation platforms.

[0013] Preferably, a data acquisition system is further included. The data acquisition system is respectively connected to the left point laser distance measuring sensor, the right point laser distance measuring sensor, the left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor, and is used to acquire the data detected by each sensor.

[0014] On the other hand, a gauge measurement method is further provided. The gauge measurement system described in any one of the above is used for measurement. The gauge measurement method includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: When the track inspection vehicle is stationary, the angles of the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor are respectively adjusted by the left rotation device and the right rotation device so that their laser emission points are respectively located on the surface of the right rail and 16 mm below the surface of the left rail; record the angles α 01 , α 02 between the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the horizontal direction and the right point laser distance measuring sensor and the horizontal direction at this time, the distance d between the origin of the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the origin of the right point laser distance measuring sensor, and the distances l 01 , l 02 respectively detected by the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor, and calculate the initial gauge value l0 at this time;

[0016] Start the track inspection vehicle, detect the accelerations of the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor respectively through the left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor, and calculate the displacements a1, a2 in the y-axis direction and the displacements b1, b2 in the x-axis direction of the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor; record the distances l1, l2 respectively detected by the left point laser distance measuring sensor and the right point laser distance measuring sensor at this time;

[0017] S2: Calculate the change values \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) of the left and right point laser distance sensors caused only by gauge irregularities during the movement of the track inspection vehicle according to the parameters obtained after the track inspection vehicle starts.

[0018] S3: Calculate the gauge change amount \(\Delta x\) based on the change values \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) of the left and right point laser distance sensors caused only by gauge irregularities.

[0019] S4: Sum the initial gauge value \(l_0\) and the gauge change amount \(\Delta x\) to calculate the real-time gauge value \(l\).

[0020] Preferably, in step S1, the initial gauge value \(l_0\) is calculated by the following formula:

[0021] \(l_0 = l\) 01 *\(\cos\alpha\) 01 +\(l\) 02 *\(\cos\alpha\) 02 -\(d\) (1)

[0022] In step S2, the change values \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) of the left and right point laser distance sensors caused only by gauge irregularities are calculated by the following formulas respectively:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: \(\theta_1\) is the angle between the right rail side and the vertical direction; \(\theta_2\) is the angle between the left point laser distance sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser distance sensor makes a y-axis displacement; \(\theta_3\) is the angle between the right rail side and the horizontal direction; \(\theta_4\) is the angle between the left point laser distance sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser distance sensor makes an x-axis displacement; \(\theta_5\) is the angle between the left rail side and the vertical direction; \(\theta_6\) is the angle between the right point laser distance sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser distance sensor makes a y-axis displacement; \(\theta_7\) is the angle between the left rail side and the horizontal direction; \(\theta_8\) is the angle between the right point laser distance sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser distance sensor makes an x-axis displacement; \(\theta\) is the roll angle of the left and right point laser distance sensors.

[0026] In step S3, the gauge change amount \(\Delta x\) is calculated by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula: \(\beta\) is the angle between the rail cone surface and the horizontal direction.

[0029] On the other hand, a method for calibrating the measurement of a gauge measurement system is also provided, including the following steps:

[0030] Use the gauge measurement system described in any of the above or the gauge measurement method described in any of the above to measure the gauge and obtain the gauge measurement value after data compensation;

[0031] Use the original gauge measurement system to measure the gauge and obtain the original gauge measurement value;

[0032] Calculate the uncertainty U between the two gauge measurement systems according to the gauge measurement value after data compensation and the original gauge measurement value;

[0033] Determine the deviation range of the two systems according to the uncertainty U, and adjust the parameters of the original gauge measurement system according to the deviation range, so as to calibrate the original gauge measurement system.

[0034] Preferably, the uncertainty U is calculated by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula: G s，i is the gauge measurement value after data compensation at the i-th measurement; G m，i is the original gauge measurement value at the i-th measurement; n is the number of measurements.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] By using a point laser ranging sensor and an acceleration sensor, the present invention can not only accurately detect the gauge, but also dynamically calibrate the original gauge measurement system, especially for the original gauge measurement system that cannot be disassembled on the track inspection vehicle. It has a wide range of application scenarios and can adapt to various track operation scenarios. Whether it is a conventional track or a special track such as high-speed rail or subway, it can achieve rapid deployment and accurate measurement, and is especially suitable for scenarios with high requirements for track dynamic performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gauge measurement system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a front view structure schematic diagram of the gauge measurement system of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the gauge measurement method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of obtaining displacement using acceleration;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state when there is only gauge irregularity;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the left laser distance measuring sensor when only considering the vertical vibration of the train;

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the left laser distance measuring sensor when only considering the lateral vibration of the train;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the left laser distance measuring sensor when only considering the roll of the train.

[0048] Reference numerals in the figure: 1 - left rail, 2 - left point laser distance measuring sensor, 3 - left rotating device, 4 - bearing beam, 5 - left acceleration sensor, 6 - right acceleration sensor, 7 - right point laser distance measuring sensor, 8 - detection beam, 9 - wheel, 10 - secondary suspension system, 11 - right rail, 12 - upper computer, 13 - microcontroller. Specific embodiments

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. It should be pointed out that unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The term "including" or "comprising" used in the disclosure of the present invention means that the elements or objects appearing before this term cover the elements or objects listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0050] On the one hand, as Figure 1-2 shown, the present invention provides a gauge measurement system, which is installed at the bottom of the track inspection vehicle through the bearing beam 4, and includes a detection beam 8, a left rotating device 3, a right rotating device, a left point laser distance measuring sensor 2, a right point laser distance measuring sensor 7, a left acceleration sensor 5 and a right acceleration sensor 6;

[0051] The detection beam 8 is arranged parallel to the bottom of the bearing beam 4 and connected to the bottom of the bearing beam 4;

[0052] The left rotation device 3 is arranged at the left end of the front side of the detection beam 8. The left point laser distance measuring sensor 2 is arranged on the left rotation device 3. The left rotation device 3 is used to adjust the angle of the left point laser distance measuring sensor 2 so that the laser emission point of the left point laser distance measuring sensor 2 is located 16 mm below the rail surface of the right rail 11 when the track inspection vehicle is stationary.

[0053] The right rotation device is arranged at the right end of the front side of the detection beam 8. The right point laser distance measuring sensor 7 is arranged on the right rotation device. The right rotation device is used to adjust the angle of the right point laser distance measuring sensor 7 so that the laser emission point of the right point laser distance measuring sensor 7 is located 16 mm below the rail surface of the left rail 1 when the track inspection vehicle is stationary.

[0054] The left acceleration sensor 5 and the right acceleration sensor 6 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the rear side of the detection beam 8, and are respectively used to detect the lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the left point laser distance measuring sensor 2 and the right point laser distance measuring sensor 7.

[0055] In the present invention, the displacement values of the laser in the horizontal and vertical directions are obtained by processing the acceleration values monitored by the acceleration sensors, so as to realize the compensation and correction of the numerical changes of the left and right point laser distance measuring sensors caused by the vertical vibration and roll of the vehicle body, so that the numerical changes of the laser are only affected by the gauge irregularity. By obtaining the numerical change value of the laser caused only by the gauge irregularity during the movement of the vehicle body, the gauge change amount is obtained through its numerical change, and finally the real-time gauge of the rail is detected.

[0056] It should be noted that in order for the acceleration sensors to detect the lateral and longitudinal accelerations, the left acceleration sensor 5 and the right acceleration sensor 6 of the present invention can adopt two-axis or three-axis acceleration sensors, or two separate single-axis sensors, one for detecting the lateral acceleration and the other for detecting the longitudinal acceleration.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the detection beam 8 is detachably connected to the bearing beam 4. It should be noted that in addition to the detachable connection between the detection beam 8 and the bearing beam 4, the acceleration sensors and the detection beam 8, the rotation device and the detection beam 8, and the rotation device and the point laser distance measuring sensor are also set to be detachably connected, so that the present invention can be easily disassembled and assembled, which is more convenient for the maintenance and replacement of each component, and can perform on-line calibration on the existing gauge measurement system that cannot be easily removed.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, both the left rotation device 3 and the right rotation device adopt manual rotation platforms. In a specific embodiment, a manual rotation platform with a table diameter of 90 mm of the OMXB-B series of Hongxingyang Technology is adopted.

[0059] It should be noted that the manual rotation platform is a prior art. In addition to the manual rotation platform used in the above embodiments, other manual rotation platforms in the prior art can also be applicable to the present invention. Additionally, the function of the rotation device in the present invention is to adjust the angle of the point laser distance sensor, and other rotation devices that can achieve this purpose can also be applicable to the present invention.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the gauge measurement system further includes a data acquisition system, which is respectively connected to the left point laser distance sensor 2, the right point laser distance sensor 7, the left acceleration sensor 5, and the right acceleration sensor 6, and is used for acquiring the data detected by each sensor.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the gauge measurement system further includes a data processing system, which can process the data acquired by the data acquisition system to obtain the final gauge. Optionally, the data processing system includes a host computer.

[0062] On the other hand, as Figure 3 shown, the present invention also provides a gauge measurement method, which uses the gauge measurement system described in any one of the above to conduct the measurement. The gauge measurement method includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: When the track inspection vehicle is stationary, adjust the angles of the left point laser distance sensor 2 and the right point laser distance sensor 7 respectively through the left rotation device 3 and the right rotation device, so that the laser emission points of the two are respectively located 16 mm below the right rail surface and the left rail surface; record the angles α 01 , α 02 between the left point laser distance sensor 2 and the right point laser distance sensor 7 and the horizontal direction at this time, the distance d between the origin of the left point laser distance sensor and the origin of the right point laser distance sensor, and the distances l 01 , l 02 detected by the left point laser distance sensor 2 and the right point laser distance sensor 7 respectively, and calculate the initial gauge value l0 at this time through the following formula:

[0064] l0 = l 01 * cosα 01 + l 02 * cosα 02 - d (1)

[0065] Start the track inspection vehicle, and detect the accelerations of the left point laser rangefinder sensor 2 and the right point laser rangefinder sensor 7 through the left acceleration sensor 5 and the right acceleration sensor 6 respectively, and calculate to obtain the displacements a1, a2 of the left point laser rangefinder sensor 2 and the right point laser rangefinder sensor 7 in the y-axis direction and the displacements b1, b2 in the x-axis direction; record the distances l1, l2 detected by the left point laser rangefinder sensor 2 and the right point laser rangefinder sensor 7 at this time.

[0066] It should be noted that calculating the displacement of the sensor through the measured acceleration is a prior art. Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, through frequency-domain integral transformation, first perform discrete Fourier transform on the acceleration signal in the time domain to obtain the velocity signal, and then use the polynomial fitting integral algorithm to integrate the velocity signal and fit the linear error term to obtain the displacement signal.

[0067] S2: Calculate the change values n1, n2 of the sizes of the left point laser rangefinder sensor and the right point laser rangefinder sensor caused only by gauge irregularity during the movement of the track inspection vehicle according to the parameters obtained after the track inspection vehicle starts through the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula: θ1 is the angle between the right rail side and the vertical direction; θ2 is the angle between the left point laser rangefinder sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser rangefinder sensor performs y-axis displacement; θ3 is the angle between the right rail side and the horizontal direction; θ4 is the angle between the left point laser rangefinder sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser rangefinder sensor performs x-axis displacement; θ5 is the angle between the left rail side and the vertical direction; θ6 is the angle between the right point laser rangefinder sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser rangefinder sensor performs y-axis displacement; θ7 is the angle between the left rail side and the horizontal direction; θ8 is the angle between the right point laser rangefinder sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser rangefinder sensor performs x-axis displacement; θ is the roll angle of the left point laser rangefinder sensor and the right point laser rangefinder sensor.

[0070] In the present invention, the calculation method of the change values n1, n2 of the sizes of the left point laser rangefinder sensor and the right point laser rangefinder sensor caused only by gauge irregularity is specifically derived through the following steps:

[0071] When the track inspection vehicle is moving, compensate and correct the numerical changes of the left and right point laser rangefinder sensors caused by the vertical vibration and roll of the vehicle body during the movement process, and finally make the numerical change of the laser only affected by gauge irregularity. The schematic diagram of the influence of gauge irregularity is as Figure 5 shown.

[0072] There are two two-axis accelerometers respectively behind the left and right point laser range sensors, which can monitor the accelerations of the two lasers in the transverse and longitudinal directions in real time. In addition, the vertical vibration and roll of the vehicle body are generally coupled, and this change process can be decomposed into three-step state changes:

[0073] First, as Figure 6 shown, only considering the displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the y-axis direction, the displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the y-axis direction is calculated as a1 through the data of the left accelerometer. Then, through the sine theorem of a triangle, it can be calculated that for every a1 displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the y-axis direction, the laser range sensor value changes by a1*sinθ1 / sinθ2.

[0074] Then, as Figure 7 shown, only considering the displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the x-axis direction, the displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the x-axis direction is calculated as b1 through the accelerometer data. Then, through the sine theorem of a triangle, it can be calculated that for every b1 displacement of the left point laser range sensor in the x-axis direction, the laser range sensor value changes by b1*sinθ3 / sinθ4.

[0075] As Figure 8 shown, after considering the displacement transformation and then its rotation transformation, it can be known that the rotation angle of the transformation is equal to the roll angle, and the roll angle is calculated by Equation (4). Similarly, the value change caused by the rotation angle can be calculated according to the sine theorem of a triangle.

[0076] By considering the displacement in the y-axis direction, the displacement in the x-axis direction, and the roll as described above, the change in the value of the left point laser range sensor caused by the vertical vibration and roll of the vehicle body can be calculated as:

[0077]

[0078] Similarly, the change in the value of the right point laser range sensor caused by the vertical vibration and roll of the vehicle body under the same conditions can be calculated as:

[0079]

[0080] Compensate for the obtained value changes above, and only leave the value changes of the left and right point laser range sensors caused by the gauge irregularity. The value of the left point laser range sensor after compensation (the value change n1 of the left point laser range sensor only caused by the gauge irregularity) is as shown in Equation (2), and the value of the right point laser range sensor after compensation (the value change n2 of the right point laser range sensor only caused by the gauge irregularity) is as shown in Equation (3).

[0081] S3: Calculate the gauge change Δx based on the change values n1 and n2 of the left and right point laser rangefinders caused only by gauge irregularities through the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula: β is the angle between the rail conical surface and the horizontal direction.

[0084] S4: Sum the initial gauge value l0 and the gauge change Δx to calculate the real-time gauge value l.

[0085] On the other hand, as Figure 4 shown, the present invention also provides a method for metrological calibration of a gauge measurement system, including the following steps:

[0086] Measure the gauge using the gauge measurement system described in any one of the above or the gauge measurement method described in any one of the above to obtain the gauge measurement value after data compensation;

[0087] Measure the gauge using the original gauge measurement system to obtain the original gauge measurement value;

[0088] Calculate the uncertainty U between the two gauge measurement systems based on the gauge measurement value after data compensation and the original gauge measurement value through the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula: G s，i is the gauge measurement value after data compensation at the i-th measurement; G m，i is the original gauge measurement value at the i-th measurement; n is the number of measurements;

[0091] Determine the deviation range between the two systems based on the uncertainty U, and adjust the parameters of the original gauge measurement system according to the deviation range, thereby calibrating the original gauge measurement system.

[0092] In summary, by using point laser rangefinders and combining with acceleration sensors, and adopting the method of multi-source data fusion, the present invention can measure the gauge more accurately. Compared with the existing two-dimensional laser scanners and inertial reference methods, the measurement accuracy is higher, especially having significant advantages in the detection of complex rail deformations.

[0093] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, as long as the content does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gauge measurement method, characterized in that, Measurement is carried out using a gauge measurement system. The gauge measurement system is installed at the bottom of the track inspection vehicle through a bearing beam, and includes a detection beam, a left rotation device, a right rotation device, a left point laser rangefinder, a right point laser rangefinder, a left acceleration sensor, and a right acceleration sensor; The detection beam is arranged parallel to the bottom of the bearing beam and connected to the bottom of the bearing beam; The left rotation device is arranged at the left end of the front side of the detection beam, and the left point laser rangefinder is arranged on the left rotation device; The right rotation device is arranged at the right end of the front side of the detection beam, and the right point laser rangefinder is arranged on the right rotation device; The left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the rear side of the detection beam; The gauge measurement method includes the following steps: S1: When the track inspection vehicle is stationary, adjust the angles of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder respectively through the left rotation device and the right rotation device, so that the laser emission points of the two are respectively located 16 mm below the right rail surface and the left rail surface; record the angles α 01 , α 02 between the left point laser rangefinder and the horizontal direction at this time, the distance d between the origin of the left point laser rangefinder and the origin of the right point laser rangefinder, and the distances l 01 , l 02 respectively detected by the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder, and calculate the initial gauge value l0 at this time; Start the track inspection vehicle, and respectively detect the accelerations of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder through the left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor, and calculate to obtain the displacements a1, a2 of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder in the y-axis direction and the displacements b1, b2 in the x-axis direction; record the distances l1, l2 respectively detected by the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder at this time; S2: Calculate the size change values n1, n2 of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder caused only by gauge irregularity during the movement of the track inspection vehicle according to the parameters obtained after the track inspection vehicle starts; S3: Calculate the gauge change amount Δx according to the size change values n1, n2 of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder caused only by gauge irregularity; S4: Sum the initial gauge value l0 and the gauge change amount Δx to calculate the real-time gauge value l.

2. The gauge measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that The detection beam is detachably connected to the bearing beam.

3. The gauge measurement method according to claim 1, wherein Both the left rotation device and the right rotation device adopt manual rotation platforms.

4. The track gauge measurement method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The gauge measurement system further includes a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is respectively connected to the left point laser rangefinder, the right point laser rangefinder, the left acceleration sensor, and the right acceleration sensor for acquiring the data detected by each sensor.

5. The gauge measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the initial gauge value l0 is calculated by the following formula: （1） In step S2, the size change values n1, n2 of the left point laser rangefinder and the right point laser rangefinder caused only by gauge irregularity are respectively calculated by the following formulas: （2） （3） （4） In the formula: θ1 is the angle between the right rail side and the vertical direction; θ2 is the angle between the left point laser distance sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser distance sensor performs a y-axis displacement; θ3 is the angle between the right rail side and the horizontal direction; θ4 is the angle between the left point laser distance sensor and the right rail side when the left point laser distance sensor performs an x-axis displacement; θ5 is the angle between the left rail side and the vertical direction; θ6 is the angle between the right point laser distance sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser distance sensor performs a y-axis displacement; θ7 is the angle between the left rail side and the horizontal direction; θ8 is the angle between the right point laser distance sensor and the left rail side when the right point laser distance sensor performs an x-axis displacement; θ is the roll angle of the left point laser distance sensor and the right point laser distance sensor; In step S3, the gauge change amount Δx is calculated by the following formula: （5） In the formula: β is the angle between the rail conical surface and the horizontal direction.

6. A method for metrological calibration of a gauge measurement system, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Using a gauge measurement system or the gauge measurement method described in any one of claims 1-5 to measure the gauge to obtain a gauge measurement value after data compensation; The gauge measurement system is installed at the bottom of the track inspection vehicle through a load-bearing beam, and includes a detection beam, a left rotation device, a right rotation device, a left point laser distance sensor, a right point laser distance sensor, a left acceleration sensor, and a right acceleration sensor; The detection beam is arranged parallel to the bottom of the load-bearing beam and connected to the bottom of the load-bearing beam; The left rotation device is arranged at the left end of the front side of the detection beam, and the left point laser distance sensor is arranged on the left rotation device; The right rotation device is arranged at the right end of the front side of the detection beam, and the right point laser distance sensor is arranged on the right rotation device; The left acceleration sensor and the right acceleration sensor are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the rear side of the detection beam; Using the original gauge measurement system to measure the gauge to obtain an original gauge measurement value; Calculating the uncertainty U between the two gauge measurement systems according to the gauge measurement value after data compensation and the original gauge measurement value; Determining the deviation range of the two systems according to the uncertainty U, and adjusting the parameters of the original gauge measurement system according to the deviation range, so as to calibrate the original gauge measurement system.

7. The method for metrological calibration of the gauge measurement system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The uncertainty U is calculated by the following formula: （6） Where: G s，i is the gauge measurement value after data compensation during the i-th measurement; G m，i is the original gauge measurement value during the i-th measurement; n is the number of measurements.

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