A staged adaptive shock absorption device for longitudinal direction of beam bridge

Abstract

The present invention relates to a staged adaptive shock-absorbing device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, and belongs to the technical field of energy dissipation and shock absorption in civil engineering. It is mainly composed of three parts: connecting components (including sub-components, a total of six categories), energy-absorbing components (including sub-components, a total of two categories), and reset components. The energy-absorbing components and reset components are all embedded in the sub-connecting components, and the three types of components cooperate with each other to form this shock-absorbing device. The shock-absorbing device in the present invention adopts a staged and adaptive design concept, that is, the device as a whole provides rigidity for the structure under small earthquakes, and the two types of sub-energy-absorbing components provide energy-absorbing paths for medium and large earthquakes respectively. The length of the transverse oblong hole in the sub-connecting device determines the adaptive threshold of the device. A staged adaptive shock-absorbing device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge has a novel structural design, a reasonable reset method, and convenient engineering installation, and has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a shock absorbing device, in particular to a staged self-adaptive shock absorbing device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, belonging to the technical field of energy dissipation and shock absorption in civil engineering. Background Art

[0002] As the vital transportation backbone of the national economy, highway and railway bridges shoulder the crucial task of connecting regions and driving economic development. According to incomplete statistics from the Ministry of Transport at the end of 2022, my country had over 1.0332 million bridges built, of which approximately 85.3% were girder bridges. However, girder bridges face particularly significant risks from natural disasters, particularly due to frequent seismic activity in central, western, and southwestern my country. Earthquakes can induce significant longitudinal displacement in girder bridges, leading to beam collapse, particularly in simply supported girder bridges. This can directly disrupt traffic, hinder rescue efforts, and cause significant economic losses and casualties.

[0003] To combat the damage caused by beam fall due to longitudinal displacement, the development of vibration-damaging devices that limit and prevent beam fall is considered one of the most effective and reasonable solutions. The basic principle of vibration-damaging devices is to provide additional energy dissipation pathways for the structure through plastic deformation and frictional displacement, thereby limiting the position of the bridge structure and preventing further damage. With the development of the concept of multi-level seismic fortification for bridges, a single vibration-damaging device is unable to simultaneously meet the seismic requirements of bridge structures under common, rare, and extremely rare earthquakes, particularly the need for self-adaptation and functional recovery in extremely rare earthquakes.

[0004] The staged adaptive shock-absorbing device will change its own hysteresis performance according to the size of the external load it is subjected to, so that it can effectively achieve different levels of defense targets under the action of different levels of earthquakes. At this stage, scholars have solved the problem of the single and inflexible energy consumption mode of the device, so that the shock-absorbing device has different energy consumption capabilities under small and large earthquakes. However, most of the existing shock-absorbing devices do not have the ability to adaptively change the energy consumption path and most of them do not have the ability to self-reset, making it difficult to simultaneously ensure the adaptive switching of the device in multiple working stages (determined by seismic requirements). Therefore, it is necessary to design a shock-absorbing device with multi-level energy consumption capacity and self-reset capacity, which is also adaptive and can be used for limiting the longitudinal direction of beam bridges and preventing beams from falling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a staged adaptive shock absorption device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, which can be applied between the main beam and the pier of the bridge to solve the problem of staged adaptation and energy consumption self-reset at the same time, and to perform graded control of earthquakes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, the damping device comprising a horizontal connector, a vertical connector, and an oblique connector; one end of the horizontal connector is connected to the main beam via a main beam connector, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector; the two ends of the oblique connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector and the other end of the vertical connector; the other end of the vertical connector is connected to a pier or a beam cap via a pier connector;

[0008] A friction plate with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting piece;

[0009] The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member and a second connecting member, and the first connecting member and the second connecting member are sleeved and connected together;

[0010] The first connecting member includes an end plate and a square steel tube connected thereto. Two movable limiting plates are sleeved on the middle and outer ends of the square steel tube. Limit blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the two movable limiting plates.

[0011] A plurality of disc springs are serially sleeved on the square steel tube between the two movable limit plates; the end plate of the first connecting member is pin-connected to the vertical connecting member and the pier connecting member;

[0012] The second connecting member is sleeved on the outer periphery of the square steel tube and the two movable limiting plates. One end of the second connecting member is a non-connecting end face, which is used to face the end plate of the first connecting member, and the other end is provided with an end plate. Two sets of limiting ribs are provided on the inner wall of the second connecting member, and the movable limiting plate abuts and is limited to the inner side of the two sets of limiting ribs. The end plate of the second connecting member is connected to the friction plate with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member.

[0013] In addition, multiple groups of U-shaped plates are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member and the outer wall of the square steel pipe, the limiting ribs and the end plate of the first connecting member. The two ends of each U-shaped plate are respectively connected to the second connecting member and the square steel pipe with bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, the friction plate and the U-shaped plate constitute an energy-absorbing component; the disc spring constitutes a reset component; and the main beam connector, the friction plate, the horizontal connector, the vertical connector, the pier connector, the first connector and the second connector constitute an integral connecting component.

[0015] Furthermore, smooth round holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connecting member and the vertical connecting member and at the end plates of the first connecting member and the second connecting member for connection with pins or bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member are in friction contact with the outer side surface of the friction plate on the horizontal connecting member.

[0017] Furthermore, the second connecting member, the horizontal connecting member and the friction plate are connected together by bolts.

[0018] Furthermore, the number of the U-shaped plates can be designed according to actual engineering conditions.

[0019] Furthermore, the disc spring is provided with a square hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel pipe. The disc springs stacked in series are placed in the interval surrounded by the movable limit plate, the limit block and the limit rib, and are applied with pre-pressure. The size of the pre-pressure can be designed according to the actual engineering situation.

[0020] Furthermore, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected together through the U-shaped plate, and the limiting rib is only in contact with the movable limiting plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member and the end face of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member to ensure that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate and the limiting ribs can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate, that is, to keep the disc spring in a compressed state at all times.

[0022] Furthermore, when a small earthquake, a medium earthquake, and a large earthquake occur in the bridge structure, the staged adaptive damping device is in three corresponding stages, including the static friction stage during a small earthquake, in which the bridge structure provides additional stiffness; the sliding friction stage during a medium earthquake, in which the bridge structure provides friction energy dissipation; and the energy dissipation self-reset stage during a large earthquake, in which the bridge structure provides self-reset and energy dissipation capabilities, thereby greatly reducing or even eliminating the residual displacement of the bridge structure. Specifically:

[0023] Under a small earthquake, the bridge structure will produce a dynamic response. However, since the horizontal connector and the second connector are in contact with each other and are equipped with a friction plate, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector is less than the sliding friction force of the friction plate, which is the static friction stage. At this time, the device provides additional stiffness for the bridge. Under a medium earthquake, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector is greater than the sliding friction force of the friction plate, which is the sliding friction stage. The main beam connector will drive the horizontal connector to translate and the vertical connector to rotate. At this time, the device provides additional friction energy consumption for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connector continues to translate but reaches After reaching the limit of the oblong hole opened on it, the friction energy consumption stage ends and the self-resetting energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-resetting functions are provided by the disc spring and the U-shaped plate respectively. Since the second connecting member and the first connecting member are in contact rather than rigid connection, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates 16 will limit the displacement of the disc spring, that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-resetting ability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate, that is, the U-shaped plate is in a tension / compression state to provide energy consumption capacity. At this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-resetting + energy consumption capabilities.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The staged mechanism is clear. The novel device of the present invention responds to the seismic requirements of the structure under small earthquakes, medium earthquakes, and large earthquakes respectively through the static friction stage, sliding friction stage, and energy-consuming self-resetting stage. The structure of the device corresponds to the seismic requirements one by one, that is, the static friction stage and the sliding friction stage can be regulated by the pre-tightening force of the bolts installed between the friction plate and the second connecting member and the horizontal connecting member; the energy-consuming self-resetting stage can be regulated by the pre-load of the disc spring and the number of U-shaped plates (or the structure of the U-shaped plates).

[0026] (2) The adaptive method is novel. The novel device of the present invention realizes the adaptive function by opening an oblong hole in the friction plate. Once the structure deforms in a certain direction and reaches the length limit of the oblong hole, the device automatically triggers the energy dissipation self-reset stage and stops the sliding friction stage. The length can be adjusted according to the seismic fortification intensity of the bridge site.

[0027] (3) The stress form is clear, and the plastic deformation is concentrated on the U-shaped plate. When an earthquake occurs, the deformation characteristics of the U-shaped plate can be used to easily dismantle the U-shaped plate with severe plastic deformation, and rapid replacement can be achieved after the earthquake.

[0028] (4) The degree of assembly is high. Each sub-connection device is connected by a rotatable pin shaft (the second connecting member and the horizontal connecting member are bolted), and the sub-connection device only moves without deformation, which makes installation and disassembly at the construction site very convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge and its application in bridge engineering according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a horizontal connecting member and a friction plate (with oblong holes) provided thereon for a staged adaptive damping device in the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A perspective view of key components of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to the present invention, which provides energy dissipation and self-resetting capabilities under severe earthquakes;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a first connecting member of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to the present invention, and a square steel tube, a movable limiting plate, and a limiting block provided thereon;

[0033] Figure 5A cross-sectional view of key components of a staged adaptive shock absorption device for a beam bridge in the longitudinal direction of the present invention, which provides energy dissipation and self-resetting capabilities under severe earthquakes;

[0034] Figure 6 The present invention is a perspective view of a second connecting member of a staged adaptive shock absorbing device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 The present invention will be further described in detail with specific implementations to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; and direct or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] As attached Figure 1-6 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of a staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal beam bridge comprises a horizontal connector 3, a vertical connector 4, and diagonal connectors. One end of the horizontal connector 3 is connected to the main beam 15 via the main beam connector 1, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector 4. The two ends of the diagonal connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector 3 and the other end of the vertical connector 4. The other end of the vertical connector 4 is connected to the pier or beam cap 12 via the pier connector 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, a friction plate 2 with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3.

[0040] like Figure 3-6As shown, the oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member 6 and a second connecting member 10, and the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are sleeved and connected together. The first connecting member 6 includes an end plate and a square steel pipe 8 connected thereto, and two movable limiting plates 16 are sleeved in the middle and outer ends of the square steel pipe 8, and limiting blocks 17 are evenly distributed on the outer sides of the two movable limiting plates 16. A plurality of disc springs 9 are sleeved in series on the square steel pipe 8 between the two movable limiting plates 16. The end plate of the first connecting member 6 is pin-connected to the vertical connecting member 4 and the pier connecting member 5. The second connecting member 10 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the square steel pipe 8 and the two movable limiting plates 16, one end of which is the end face of the non-connection area, which is used to be opposite to the end plate of the first connecting member 6, and the other end is provided with an end plate. Two groups of limiting ribs 11 are provided on the inner wall of the second connecting member 10, and the movable limiting plate 16 abuts and is limited to the inner side of the two groups of limiting ribs 11. As shown Figure 6 As shown, each set of limiting ribs 11 is provided on the upper and lower inner walls of the second connecting member 10. The end plates of the second connecting member 10 are connected to the friction plate 2 with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3. Specifically, the inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member 10 are in friction contact with the outer side surfaces of the friction plate 2 on the horizontal connecting member 3. The second connecting member 10, the horizontal connecting member 3 and the friction plate 2 are connected together by bolts. In addition, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, multiple groups of U-shaped plates 7 are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member 10 and the outer wall of the square steel tube 8, the limiting ribs 11 and the end plate of the first connecting member 6, and each U-shaped plate 7 is bolted to the second connecting member 10 and the square steel tube 8 at both ends.

[0041] In this embodiment, the disc spring 9 is provided with a square hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel tube 8. The disc springs 9 after being stacked in series are placed in the area surrounded by the movable limit plate 16, the limit block 17 and the limit rib 11, and are applied with a preload. The size of the preload can be designed according to the actual project conditions. In addition, if Figure 3-4 As shown, the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are connected together by the U-shaped plate 7 , and the limiting rib 11 is only in contact with the movable limiting plate 16 .

[0042] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member 6 and the end surface of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member 10 to ensure that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate 7 and the limiting ribs 11 can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate 16, that is, to keep the disc spring 9 in a compressed state at all times.

[0043] In this embodiment, the friction plates 2 and U-shaped plates 7 constitute the energy dissipation components. The number of U-shaped plates 7 can be designed based on the actual project situation. The disc springs 9 serve as the return element. The main beam connector 1, friction plates 2, horizontal connector 3, vertical connector 4, pier connector 5, first connecting member 6, and second connecting member 10 form an integral connecting member. Smooth circular holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connector 3 and vertical connector 4, as well as on the end plates of the first and second connecting members 6 and 10, for pin connections.

[0044] When a bridge structure experiences a small, medium, or large earthquake, the staged adaptive damping device is in three corresponding stages: a static friction stage during a small earthquake, where the bridge structure provides additional stiffness; a sliding friction stage during a medium earthquake, where the bridge structure dissipates frictional energy; and an energy dissipation self-reset stage during a large earthquake, where the bridge structure provides self-reset and energy dissipation capabilities, significantly reducing or even eliminating residual displacement of the bridge structure. The detailed analysis is as follows:

[0045] The bridge is composed of horizontal connectors 3, vertical connectors 4, and diagonal connectors. One end of the horizontal connector 3 is connected to the main beam 15 via the main beam connector 1, and the other end is connected to the vertical connector 4. The two ends of the diagonal connector are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connector 3 and the other end of the vertical connector 4. The other end of the vertical connector 4 is connected to the pier or beam cap 12 via the pier connector 5.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a friction plate 2 with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member 3.

[0047] The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member 6 and a second connecting member 10 , and the first connecting member 6 and the second connecting member 10 are sleeved and connected together.

[0048] In this embodiment, the novel device addresses the structural seismic resistance requirements for minor, moderate, and major earthquakes through static friction, sliding friction, and energy-dissipating self-reset stages. The device's structure corresponds to the seismic resistance requirements. Specifically, the static and sliding friction stages can be controlled by the preload of the bolts installed between the friction plate 2, the second connecting member 10, and the horizontal connector 3. The energy-dissipating self-reset stage can be controlled by the preload of the disc springs and the number of U-shaped plates 7.

[0049] In this embodiment, the device realizes the adaptive function by opening an oblong hole on the friction plate 2. Once the structure is deformed in a certain direction and reaches the length limit of the oblong hole, the device automatically triggers the energy consumption self-reset stage and stops the sliding friction stage. The length can be adjusted according to the seismic fortification intensity of the bridge site.

[0050] In this embodiment, the plastic deformation of the device is concentrated on the U-shaped plate 7. After an earthquake, the deformation characteristics of the U-shaped plate 7 are utilized to easily remove the severely deformed U-shaped plate 7, enabling rapid replacement after the earthquake. Each sub-connecting device in this device is connected by a rotatable pin, with the second connecting member 10 and the horizontal connector 3 being bolted. The sub-connecting devices only move without deforming, making installation and disassembly at the construction site very convenient.

[0051] This embodiment illustrates the working mechanism of the staged adaptive damping device from the perspectives of small, moderate, and large earthquakes. During a small earthquake, the bridge structure will experience a dynamic response. However, because the horizontal connector 3 and the second connecting member 10 are in contact and separated by a friction plate 2, the friction provided by the horizontal connector 3 is less than the sliding friction of the friction plate 2, representing the static friction phase. During this phase, the device provides additional stiffness to the bridge. During a moderate earthquake, the friction provided by the horizontal connector 3 is greater than the sliding friction of the friction plate 2, representing the sliding friction phase. The main beam connector 1 drives the horizontal connector 3 to translate and the vertical connector 4 to rotate, providing additional frictional energy dissipation for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connecting member 3 continues to translate, but after reaching the limit of the oblong hole opened on it, the friction energy consumption stage ends, and the self-reset energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-reset functions are provided by the disc spring 9 and the U-shaped plate 7 respectively. Since the second connecting member 10 and the first connecting member 6 are in contact rather than rigid connection, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates 16 will limit the displacement of the disc spring 9, that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-reset capability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate 7, that is, the U-shaped plate 7 is in a tension / compression state to provide energy dissipation capability. At this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-reset + energy dissipation capability.

[0052] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any formal limitation on the structure of the present invention. The layout and number of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering practices. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations to the above embodiment based on the technical principles of the present invention that do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A staged adaptive damping device for a longitudinal direction of a beam bridge, characterized by: The shock absorbing device comprises a horizontal connecting member (3), a vertical connecting member (4) and an oblique connecting member; one end of the horizontal connecting member (3) is connected to the main beam (15) through the main beam connecting member (1), and the other end is rotatably connected to the vertical connecting member (4) through a pin shaft; the two ends of the oblique connecting member are respectively connected to the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3) and the other end of the vertical connecting member (4); the other end of the vertical connecting member (4) is connected to the pier or beam cover (12) through the pier connecting member (5); A friction plate (2) with an oblong hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3); The oblique connecting member is composed of a first connecting member (6) and a second connecting member (10), and the first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10) are sleeved and connected together; The first connecting member (6) comprises an end plate and a square steel tube (8) connected thereto, wherein two movable limiting plates (16) are sleeved on the middle and outer ends of the square steel tube (8), and limiting blocks (17) are arranged on the outer sides of the two movable limiting plates (16); A plurality of disc springs (9) are serially sleeved on the square steel tube (8) between the two movable limit plates (16); the end plate of the first connecting member (6) is pin-connected to the vertical connecting member (4) and the pier connecting member (5); The second connecting member (10) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the square steel tube (8) and the two movable limiting plates (16), one end of which is a non-connecting area end face for being opposite to the end plate of the first connecting member (6), and the other end is provided with an end plate; the inner wall of the second connecting member (10) is provided with two groups of limiting ribs (11), and the movable limiting plates (16) abut against and are limited to the inner sides of the two groups of limiting ribs (11); the end plate of the second connecting member (10) is connected to the friction plate (2) with an oblong hole in the middle of the horizontal connecting member (3); In addition, a plurality of sets of U-shaped plates (7) are embedded in the space formed between the inner wall of the second connecting member (10), the outer wall of the square steel tube (8), the limiting ribs (11), and the end plate of the first connecting member (6), and each U-shaped plate (7) is bolted to the second connecting member (10) and the square steel tube (8) at both ends.

2. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction plate (2) and the U-shaped plate (7) constitute an energy-absorbing component; the disc spring (9) constitutes a reset component; and the main beam connector (1), the friction plate (2), the horizontal connector (3), the vertical connector (4), the pier connector (5), the first connector (6), and the second connector (10) constitute an integral connecting component.

3. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: Smooth circular holes are provided at both ends of the horizontal connecting member (3) and the vertical connecting member (4), as well as at the end plates of the first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10).

4. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner side surfaces of the two end plates of the second connecting member (10) are in friction contact with the outer side surface of the friction plate (2) on the horizontal connecting member (3).

5. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second connecting member (10), the horizontal connecting member (3) and the friction plate (2) are connected together by bolts.

6. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the U-shaped plates (7) can be designed according to actual project conditions.

7. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disc spring (9) is provided with a square hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the square steel tube (8). The disc springs (9) stacked in series are placed in an area surrounded by a movable limiting plate (16), a limiting block (17) and a limiting rib (11), and are subjected to a preload. The size of the preload can be designed according to the actual engineering situation.

8. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting member (6) and the second connecting member (10) are connected together via the U-shaped plate (7), and the limiting rib (11) is only in contact with the movable limiting plate (16).

9. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: A certain distance is reserved between the end plate of the first connecting member (6) and the end surface of the non-connecting area of ​​the second connecting member (10), ensuring that the bolts can limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate (7) and the limiting ribs (11) can limit the displacement of the movable limiting plate (16), so that the disc spring (9) is always in a compressed state.

10. The staged adaptive damping device for the longitudinal direction of a beam bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: When a bridge structure experiences a small, medium, or large earthquake, the staged adaptive damping device is in three corresponding stages: a static friction stage during a small earthquake, where the bridge structure provides additional stiffness; a sliding friction stage during a medium earthquake, where the bridge structure dissipates frictional energy; and an energy dissipation self-reset stage during a large earthquake, where the bridge structure provides self-reset and energy dissipation capabilities, greatly reducing or even eliminating the residual displacement of the bridge structure. The details are as follows: Under a small earthquake, the bridge structure will produce a dynamic response. However, since the horizontal connector (3) and the second connector (10) are in contact with each other and are provided with a friction plate (2), the friction force provided by the horizontal connector (3) is less than the sliding friction force of the friction plate (2), which is the static friction stage. At this time, the device provides additional stiffness for the bridge. Under a medium earthquake, the friction force provided by the horizontal connector (3) is greater than the sliding friction force of the friction plate (2), which is the sliding friction stage. The main beam connector (1) will drive the horizontal connector (3) to translate and the vertical connector (4) to rotate. At this time, the device provides additional friction energy consumption for the bridge. Under a large earthquake, the horizontal connector (3) will continue to move. After the translation continues but reaches the limit of the oblong hole opened on it, the friction energy consumption stage ends and the self-reset energy consumption stage begins. In this stage, the energy consumption + self-reset functions are provided by the disc spring (9) and the U-shaped plate (7) respectively. Since the second connecting member (10) and the first connecting member (6) are in contact rather than rigid connection, and once the two are relatively displaced, the two movable limit plates (16) will limit the displacement of the disc spring (9), that is, it is always in a compressed state to provide self-reset capability, and the bolts will limit the displacement of the U-shaped plate (7), that is, the U-shaped plate (7) is in a tension / compression state to provide energy consumption capability. In this stage, the device provides the bridge with self-reset + energy consumption capability.

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