Energy-gathered charging structure for post-disaster blasting cleaning of tunnel portal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel portal blasting cleaning construction, in particular to a shaped charge structure for tunnel portal post-disaster blasting cleaning. A detonating cord of the energy-gathered charging structure is installed in the middle of an energy-gathered pipe, and the energy-gathered pipe is filled with explosives. The energy gathering pipe comprises energy gathering petals and buckles, the multiple energy gathering petals surround to form a tubular structure, and the ends of the adjacent energy gathering petals are connected through the buckles. And an energy-gathering groove is formed in the energy-gathering petal. The shaped charge structure is composed of a shaped section and a buckle to form a shaped tube so as to facilitate quick charge and mounting of a detonating tube, the length of the shaped charge structure can be cut on site according to the depth of a blast hole, the shaped charge structure can adapt to adverse environmental conditions of field disaster relief, and the shaped charge structure is simple to operate, can be processed on a construction site, has low requirements on a processing environment and can realize simultaneous processing and blast hole charge. The construction speed is high, and the applicability is high. In the construction process, different numbers of energy-gathering petals can be selected to form energy-gathering pipes of different sizes in a surrounding mode, and the energy-gathering pipes can well adapt to drilling holes corresponding to current construction equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel entrance blasting and cleaning construction, in particular to a shaped charge structure used for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of a tunnel entrance. Background Art

[0002] During the post-disaster emergency repair and construction of the tunnel entrance, the collapsed deposits contain tunnel lining steel bars, initial support steel arches, tree roots, and even large boulders, which brings great difficulty to the repair work. It is necessary to first blast and cut the collapsed deposits containing tunnel lining steel bars, initial support steel arches, tree roots and other intertwined objects, and blast and cut the larger boulders to pieces. Only after they are separated can large-scale machinery such as excavators and bulldozers be used for operation. In conventional charge blasting, the energy of the explosive is evenly released to the surroundings, and the same force is exerted on the surrounding rocks. It is difficult to carry out targeted directional blasting and cutting of intertwined objects such as steel bars, initial support steel arches, and tree roots, and it is also difficult to carry out directional cutting and directional throwing of boulders. The principle of the shaped charge structure is to use the high-speed, high-energy-density blade-shaped jet it generates to open a guide cut on the rock in a predetermined direction to control the direction of rock fracture, and the high-speed, high-energy-density blade-shaped jet can well cut intertwined objects such as steel bars, steel arches, and tree roots in the deposits. In other directions of the blasthole, the outer casing of the charge has an instantaneous buffering and suppressing effect on the explosion products, and the uncoupled medium (air) between the casing and the blasthole wall has a buffering effect, which greatly reduces the degree of damage to the blasthole wall caused by the shock wave after the explosive is detonated, and greatly reduces the chance of random crack generation. During the propagation process, the radial compression stress wave caused by the explosion of the shaped charge will form an associated tensile stress in the tangential direction. When the shaped charges in adjacent blastholes are exploded simultaneously, the stress waves will inevitably collide and superimpose on the center line connecting the two blastholes, forming a tangential synthetic tensile stress. If the spacing between the blastholes is appropriate, the cracks between adjacent blastholes can be connected to form a flat directional controlled blasting fracture surface, which promotes the extension and expansion of the initial cracks in the rock and "directional cutting". The radial force of the expanding gas is much stronger than that of conventional blasting, which is more conducive to the extension and expansion of the already formed cracks. At present, shaped charges have certain applications in civil tunnel excavation. Due to the complex post-disaster repair and cleaning environment at the tunnel entrance and the limited construction environment, the existing shaped charges are less practical in post-disaster repair and cleaning at the tunnel entrance, and have not been publicly applied in post-disaster repair and cleaning at the tunnel entrance. In particular, simultaneous crushing and cutting in four directions in a cross shape or simultaneous crushing and cutting in three directions can realize multi-directional crushing and cutting in one drilling, achieving twice the result with half the effort. It has a fast construction speed, low labor intensity, and low safety risk, and is of great significance to the rapid road clearance construction. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances, which can be well applied to post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances to cut and process collapsed deposits or to directional clean up of large boulders, and can achieve good crushing effect;

[0004] The present invention provides a shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances, which comprises a shaped charge tube, explosives and a detonating cord;

[0005] The detonating cord is installed in the middle of the energy-gathering tube, and the explosive is filled in the energy-gathering tube;

[0006] The energy-gathering tube comprises energy-gathering petals and buckles, a plurality of energy-gathering petals surround to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy-gathering petals are connected by buckles;

[0007] The energy focusing petal is provided with an energy focusing groove.

[0008] Preferably, the energy focusing tube is a cross four-way cut energy focusing tube, which includes four energy focusing petals and four buckles. The four energy focusing petals are surrounded to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy focusing petals are connected by buckles.

[0009] Preferably, the energy focusing tube is a three-way cut energy focusing tube, which includes three energy focusing petals and three buckles. The three energy focusing petals surround to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy focusing petals are connected by buckles.

[0010] Preferably, the ends of the energy-gathering flap and the buckle are mutually buckled structures, and buckle teeth are provided on the ends of the energy-gathering flap and the buckle.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the energy focusing petal is an open end, and the other end is a closed end, and an energy focusing groove is provided at the closed end.

[0012] Preferably, the angle of the energy focusing groove is 80° to 100°.

[0013] Preferably, the energy-concentrating tube is made of basalt fiber.

[0014] Preferably, an elastic rubber ring is provided on the outer side of the energy concentrating tube.

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of the elastic rubber ring is 1.2 mm.

[0016] Preferably, both ends and the middle of the energy-concentrating tube are sleeved with elastic rubber rings.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] The shaped charge structure uses shaped petals and buckles to form a shaped tube, which is convenient for rapid charging and installation of detonating tubes. The length can be cut on site according to the depth of the blasthole, which can adapt to the adverse environmental conditions of field disaster relief. It is easy to operate and can be processed on the construction site. It has low requirements for the processing environment and can realize processing while charging the blasthole. The construction speed is fast and the applicability is strong. During the construction process, different numbers of shaped petals can be selected to surround the shaped tubes of different sizes, which can well adapt to the corresponding drilling holes of the current construction equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of a tunnel entrance provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structural composition of a cross-shaped four-way shaped cutting charge provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structural composition of a three-way shaped-energy cutting charge provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an energy-gathering tube exploded view provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Energy-gathering petal; 2. Energy-gathering groove; 3. Buckle; 4. Explosive; 5. Detonating cord; 6. Elastic rubber ring; 7. Gun hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and clearing of tunnel entrances, which is suitable for post-disaster blasting and clearing of collapsed deposits or directional clearing of large boulders at tunnel entrances. It includes a shaped charge tube, explosives 4 and detonating cords 5. The detonating cord 5 is installed in the middle of the shaped charge tube, and the explosives 4 are filled in the shaped charge tube. The shaped charge tube includes a shaped charge petal 1 and a buckle 3, and a plurality of shaped charge petals 1 are surrounded to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent shaped charge petals 1 are connected by buckles 3. A shaped charge groove 2 is provided on the shaped charge petal 1.

[0030] The shaped charge structure is composed of a shaped petal 1 and a buckle 3 to form a shaped tube, which is convenient for rapid charging and installation of a detonating tube. The length can be cut on site according to the depth of the blast hole 7, and can adapt to the adverse environmental conditions of field disaster relief. It is easy to operate and can be processed on the construction site. It has low requirements for the processing environment, and can realize processing while charging the blast hole 7. The construction speed is fast and the applicability is strong. During the construction process, different numbers of shaped petals 1 can be selected to surround and form shaped tubes of different sizes, which can well adapt to the drilling holes corresponding to the current construction equipment, such as 70mm and 60mm apertures are more commonly used.

[0031] Reference Figure 2The cross four-way cutting energy-gathering tube is composed of four energy-gathering petals 1 and four buckles 3. The energy-gathering petals 1 are buckled and connected into a tube body through the buckles 3. The four energy-gathering petals 1 are designed to facilitate rapid charging and installation of the detonating tube.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 The three-way cutting energy-gathering tube is composed of three energy-gathering petals 1 and three buckles 3. The energy-gathering petals 1 are buckled and connected into a tube body through the buckles 3. The three energy-gathering petals 1 are designed to facilitate rapid charging and installation of the detonating tube.

[0033] The cross-shaped four directions of simultaneous crushing and cutting or three directions of simultaneous crushing and cutting can achieve multi-directional crushing and cutting in one drilling, achieving twice the result with half the effort. The charging structure improves the blasting efficiency, reduces the number of blast holes, reduces the labor intensity of operators, controls the blasting and cutting direction, improves the blasting and cutting efficiency, improves the safety factor, saves a lot of material costs, and is more environmentally friendly.

[0034] The energy-gathering tube is made of basalt fiber, which is inexpensive and easy to cut on site.

[0035] The connection between the energy-gathering petal 1 and the buckle 3 is designed to be interlocked, and buckle teeth are provided at the ends. After the two are buckled, the buckle teeth bite each other, and they are tightly connected without leaving any gaps, which is convenient for operation;

[0036] One end of the energy-gathering petal 1 is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. The closed end is provided with an energy-gathering groove 2, and the detonating cord 5 is arranged in the middle of the open end direction, so that the detonating cord 5 is easy to install and position.

[0037] The elastic rubber ring 6 is made of ordinary rubber, has certain elasticity and compressibility, and is about 1.2 mm thick. It can increase the friction between the energy-gathering tube and the wall of the blasthole, and is used to position the energy-gathering tube and ensure the direction of the energy-gathering groove 2.

[0038] Shaped charge structure design basis:

[0039] ① The objects cut by shaped charges are rocks, steel bars, steel arches, etc.

[0040] ② The empirical formula for estimating the height of shaped charge is:

[0041] H=(1.2~1.5)b (1)

[0042] Where b is the effective charge width, see Figure 1 .

[0043] ③ The range of spacing between blastholes formed by shaped charges in rocks to penetrate cracks:

[0044] L=(10~25)B (2)

[0045] Where B is the height of the shaped charge (it can also be approximated as the diameter of the blasthole D). It is generally believed that the spacing between blastholes in soil is larger than that in rock.

[0046] ④The angle of the energy focusing groove is 80°~100°, and the wall thickness is 0.03b~0.05b.

[0047] Application examples:

[0048] If the project adopts cross four-way cutting and the blasthole diameter is 70mm, the corresponding shaped charge design parameters are as follows:

[0049] ①The wall thickness of the energy-gathering petal is 3mm, and it is made of basalt fiber material model casting or pressing.

[0050] ② The inner dimension of the energy-gathering groove end of the energy-gathering petal is 50mm.

[0051] ③ The energy focusing groove at the closed end of the energy focusing petal adopts a wedge-shaped shape, the cone angle of the energy focusing groove is 90°, the distance between the energy focusing groove and the elastic rubber ring is 10mm, and the wall thickness is 3mm.

[0052] ④The middle of the energy-forming tube is filled with No. 2 rock explosive, and a 5mm diameter detonating cord is placed in the middle.

[0053] If the project adopts three-way or four-way cutting and the blasthole diameter is 60mm, the corresponding shaped charge design parameters are as follows:

[0054] ①The wall thickness of the energy-gathering petal is 3mm, and it is made of basalt fiber material model casting or pressing.

[0055] ② The inner dimension of the energy-gathering groove end of the energy-gathering petal is 28mm.

[0056] ③ The energy focusing groove at the closed end of the energy focusing petal adopts a wedge-shaped shape, the cone angle of the energy focusing groove is 90°, the distance between the energy focusing groove and the elastic rubber ring is 10mm, and the wall thickness is 3mm.

[0057] ④The middle of the energy-forming tube is filled with No. 2 rock explosive, and a 5mm diameter detonating cord is placed in the middle.

[0058] Construction method steps

[0059] The present invention provides a shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of a tunnel entrance, the charge structure comprising a shaped petal 1, a shaped groove 2, a bayonet 3, explosives 4, a detonating cord 5, and an elastic rubber ring 6; wherein a shaped tube is composed of a shaped petal 1 and a bayonet 3, which are buckled into a tube body, and a detonating cord 5 is arranged in the middle of the shaped tube.

[0060] In this embodiment, an assembly method of the energy gathering device is also provided, such as Figure 2 As shown, the specific construction method steps are:

[0061] Step 1: Drilling and explosive preparation

[0062] ①Measurement and layout. Surveyors or technicians shall mark the hole positions with red paint according to the design.

[0063] ② Drilling. Use a pneumatic drill to drill holes. Drill holes according to the design requirements. The drilling position should be accurate, the drilling should be slow, and the drilling should be steady to avoid serpentine holes, which will affect the later construction.

[0064] ③ Preparation of explosives. Blasting materials: Explosives are commonly used No. 2 rock explosives. Detonating cords are millisecond delay detonators used in conventional smooth blasting. Detonating cords are detonating cords used in conventional smooth blasting technology.

[0065] Step 2: Charge the shaped tube

[0066] ① Load No. 2 rock explosive into the energy-gathering valve;

[0067] ② The three energy-gathering petals are first buckled through the bayonet, and a detonating cord is placed in the middle before the last buckle, and then connected into a tube body through the bayonet buckle.

[0068] Step 3: Charge and fix

[0069] Elastic rubber rings are put on both ends and the middle of the energy-gathering tube device to align the energy-gathering groove in the energy-gathering tube device with the direction in which cutting is required;

[0070] Step 4: Design the Detonation Network

[0071] Implement the detonation network design according to the blasting plan, design the delayed detonation time difference, and obtain the best detonation network.

[0072] Step 5: Detonation and slag removal.

[0073] Detonate according to the optimized detonation network. Check the detonation network after connection, and ignite and detonate only after the warning is completed. Ventilate for about 10 minutes before entering the work surface for risk removal, and clean up the slag when using a bulldozer.

[0074] In summary, the shaped charge structure provided in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0075] 1. The structure of the shaped charge is designed as a shaped petal to facilitate rapid charging and installation of the detonating tube. Its length can be cut on site according to the depth of the blasthole and can be processed on site. It has low requirements on the processing environment and can realize processing while charging the blasthole. It is simple to operate, has a high construction speed and strong applicability.

[0076] 2. The energy-gathering tube is composed of energy-gathering petals and buckles. The connection is designed to be interlocking, and the end is provided with buckle teeth. After the two are buckled, the buckle teeth bite each other and are buckled and connected to form a tube body. They are tightly connected without leaving any gaps, which is easy to operate and convenient for quick charging and installation of detonating cords.

[0077] 3. One end of the energy-gathering petal is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. An energy-gathering groove is set at the closed end, and the detonating cord is set in the middle of the open end, which is convenient for installation and positioning; the elastic rubber ring increases the friction between the energy-gathering tube and the wall of the blasthole, which is used to position the energy-gathering tube and ensure the direction of the energy-gathering groove.

[0078] 4. Crushing and cutting in four directions or three directions at the same time in a cross shape can achieve multi-directional crushing and cutting in one drilling, achieving twice the result with half the effort. This charging structure improves the blasting efficiency, reduces the number of blast holes, reduces the labor intensity of operators, controls the blasting and cutting direction, improves the blasting and cutting efficiency, improves the safety factor, saves a lot of material costs, and is more environmentally friendly.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances, characterized in that: Includes shaped tubes, explosives and detonating cords; The detonating cord is installed in the middle of the energy-gathering tube, and the explosive is filled in the energy-gathering tube; The energy-gathering tube comprises energy-gathering petals and buckles, a plurality of energy-gathering petals surround to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy-gathering petals are connected by buckles; The energy focusing petal is provided with an energy focusing groove.

2. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy focusing tube is a cross four-way cut energy focusing tube, which includes four energy focusing petals and four buckles. The four energy focusing petals are surrounded to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy focusing petals are connected by buckles.

3. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy focusing tube is a three-way cut energy focusing tube, which includes three energy focusing petals and three buckles. The three energy focusing petals surround to form a tubular structure, and the ends of adjacent energy focusing petals are connected by buckles.

4. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The ends of the energy-gathering petal and the buckle are mutually buckled structures, and buckle teeth are arranged on the ends of the energy-gathering petal and the buckle.

5. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the energy-gathering petal is an open end, and the other end is a closed end, and an energy-gathering groove is arranged at the closed end.

6. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle of the energy-gathering groove is 80° to 100°.

7. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy-gathering tube is made of basalt fiber.

8. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic rubber ring is arranged on the outer side of the energy-gathering tube.

9. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thickness of the elastic rubber ring is 1.2 mm.

10. The shaped charge structure for post-disaster blasting and cleaning of tunnel entrances according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both ends and the middle of the energy-gathering tube are sleeved with elastic rubber rings.

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