Safety monitoring device and method for realm top pillar

Abstract

The invention provides a safety monitoring device and method for a realm top pillar, and the device comprises a pressure monitoring part, a deformation monitoring part, a displacement monitoring part and a control part, the pressure monitoring part is disposed at the top of the realm top pillar and is used for obtaining the pressure information of the top of the realm top pillar, and the deformation monitoring part is disposed at the top of the realm top pillar and is used for obtaining the pressure information of the top of the realm top pillar. The pressure monitoring part is arranged at the bottom of the realm top column and used for obtaining deformation information of the realm top column, the displacement monitoring part is arranged at the bottom of the realm top column and used for obtaining displacement information of the realm top column, and the pressure monitoring part, the deformation monitoring part and the displacement monitoring part are connected with the control part. Corresponding monitoring parts are arranged at different positions of the realm top pillar, key factors influencing the realm top pillar can be comprehensively monitored, stability key information and deformation of the realm top pillar are collected in real time, data collected by different types of sensors can be transmitted to a control part for comprehensive analysis, and the stability of the realm top pillar is improved. Therefore, the state of the realm top pillar can be known more accurately, and the multi-sensor cooperative monitoring method of the realm top pillar is perfected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of mine safety technology, and specifically relates to a boundary top pillar safety monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the process of converting open-pit to underground mining, in order to isolate the mutual influence between the open-pit and underground mining areas, it is necessary to leave boundary pillars. The boundary pillars bear the loads of overlying water, bulk materials, etc., and create a safe working space for the lower mining area.

[0003] However, the prior art lacks monitoring devices for boundary top pillars. Due to the long-term lack of monitoring measures and early warning methods for boundary top pillars, disasters such as water inrush and roof collapse from the top pillars seriously threaten the production safety of underground mining sites. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a boundary top column safety monitoring device and method, which can monitor the stability of the boundary top column.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first aspect of the present application provides a boundary top column safety monitoring device, including a pressure monitoring unit, a deformation monitoring unit, a displacement monitoring unit and a control unit, wherein the pressure monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column, and is used to obtain the pressure information of the top of the boundary top column, the deformation monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column, and is used to obtain the deformation information of the boundary top column, and the displacement monitoring unit is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column, and is used to obtain the displacement information of the boundary top column, and the pressure monitoring unit, the deformation monitoring unit and the displacement monitoring unit are respectively connected to the control unit.

[0006] Optionally, the boundary top pillar safety monitoring device also includes a video monitoring unit, which is arranged toward the mining area above the boundary top pillar, and the video monitoring unit is connected to the control unit.

[0007] Optionally, the pressure monitoring unit includes an overburden load pressure monitoring component, and the overburden load pressure monitoring component is arranged on the top of the boundary top column to obtain overburden load pressure information;

[0008] The number of the overburden load pressure monitoring components is multiple, and the multiple overburden load pressure monitoring components are evenly arranged on the top of the boundary top column;

[0009] The overburden load pressure monitoring component is soil pressure, and the soil pressure range satisfies: L tyl ≥Hs*g*ρ*FS;

[0010] Among them, L tylis the soil pressure measurement range; Hs is the burial depth; g is the gravitational acceleration; ρ is the density of the overlying bulk body; FS is the safety factor, and the value range of FS is 1.25~1.5.

[0011] Optionally, the pressure monitoring unit includes an osmotic pressure monitoring component, which is arranged at the top of the boundary top column and is used to obtain osmotic pressure information;

[0012] A mounting hole is provided at the top of the boundary top column, and the seepage pressure monitoring component is arranged in the mounting hole;

[0013] The osmotic pressure monitoring component is an osmometer, and the measuring range of the osmometer satisfies: LSY≥(H+HW)*g*FS;

[0014] Among them, L SY is the osmometer range; H is the natural water level depth; H W is the expected maximum change of water level; g is the acceleration of gravity; F S is the safety factor, which is 1.25 to 1.5;

[0015] When the osmometer is used for water level measurement, the water level calculation formula is: H = P*F*H EL ;

[0016] Among them, H is the water level value; P is the calculated pressure value; F is the conversion coefficient; H EL is the altitude where the piezometer is installed. If only the relative water level is calculated, then H EL is 0.

[0017] Optionally, the deformation monitoring unit includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitor, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitor includes a plurality of multi-dimensional inclinometer sensors connected in series;

[0018] The multi-dimensional deformation monitor is arranged at the top of the boundary top column, and is used to obtain the deformation information of the boundary top column in the direction of the three-dimensional space coordinate axis.

[0019] Optionally, the displacement monitoring unit includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter;

[0020] The bottom of the boundary top column is a tunnel. When the tunnel meets the conditions for inclined drilling construction, an inclined borehole is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or the multi-point displacement meter is set in the inclined borehole.

[0021] Optionally, the displacement monitoring unit includes a multi-point displacement meter;

[0022] The bottom of the boundary top column is a tunnel. When the tunnel does not have the conditions for inclined drilling construction, multiple rows of vertical holes are arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or the multi-point displacement meter is set in the multiple rows of vertical holes.

[0023] Optionally, the boundary pillar safety monitoring device includes an alarm unit, and the control unit is connected to the alarm unit. The control unit obtains a pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure information, the deformation information and the displacement information, and controls the alarm unit to issue an alarm message when the pillar stability coefficient is less than a preset alarm value.

[0024] Optionally, the calculation formula of the pillar stability coefficient is:

[0025] Among them, FS shear is the pillar stability coefficient; τ xz is the first shear strength; τ yz is the second shear strength; Z1 is the height of the first pillar; Z2 is the height of the second pillar; x is the length of the pillar; y is the width of the pillar; q is the sum of the load obtained based on the overlying load pressure information and the deadweight of the pillar;

[0026] When the pillar stability coefficient is greater than or equal to the design safety factor, it is in a first stable state;

[0027] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the design safety coefficient and is greater than or equal to the first preset alarm value, it is in the second stable state;

[0028] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the first preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the second preset alarm value, it is in a third stable state;

[0029] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the second preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the third preset alarm value, it is in a fourth stable state;

[0030] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the third preset alarm value, the fifth stable state is in place;

[0031] The danger levels of the first stable state, the second stable state, the third stable state, the fourth stable state and the fifth stable state increase in sequence;

[0032] The first preset alarm value is 1.1, the second preset alarm value is 1.05, and the third preset alarm value is 1.

[0033] The second aspect of the present application provides a boundary top pillar safety monitoring method, which monitors the boundary top pillar by means of the boundary top pillar safety monitoring device as described above;

[0034] The monitoring method comprises:

[0035] Obtaining pressure information of the top of the top pillar of the realm, obtaining deformation information of the top pillar of the realm, and obtaining displacement information of the top pillar of the realm;

[0036] Obtaining a pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure information;

[0037] Comparing the pillar stability coefficient with a preset alarm value, and determining the safety status of the boundary top pillar based on the comparison result;

[0038] Comparing the deformation information with the deformation warning value, and determining the safety status of the boundary top column based on the comparison result;

[0039] The displacement information is compared with the displacement warning value, and the safety status of the boundary top column is determined based on the comparison result.

[0040] Beneficial Effects

[0041] A boundary top column safety monitoring device and method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can comprehensively monitor the key factors affecting the boundary top column by setting corresponding monitoring components at different positions of the boundary top column. The top pressure information can be obtained by setting the pressure monitoring unit at the top of the boundary top column, the deformation information can be obtained by setting the deformation monitoring unit at the top of the boundary top column, and the displacement information can be obtained by setting the displacement monitoring unit at the bottom of the boundary top column. The pressure monitoring unit, the deformation monitoring unit, and the displacement monitoring unit are respectively connected to the control unit, so that each monitoring unit can work together to collect key stability information and deformation of the boundary top column in real time. The data collected by different types of sensors can be transmitted to the control unit for comprehensive analysis, so as to more accurately understand the status of the boundary top column and improve the multi-sensor collaborative monitoring method of the boundary top column. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a boundary top column safety monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a realm top column calculation model of an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the sensitivity analysis of the seepage pressure and overburden load pressure of the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a displacement warning value of a boundary top column according to an embodiment of the present application based on a deflection-time relationship curve;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a system schematic diagram of the boundary top column safety monitoring device of an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6 Flow chart of the boundary top column safety monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] The reference numerals are:

[0049] 1. Open-pit mine; 2. Water level; 3. Overlying rock and soil; 4. Seepage pressure monitoring device; 5. Video monitoring unit; 6. Data collector; 7. Communication cable; 8. Deformation monitoring unit; 9. Boundary top pillar; 10. Tunnel; 11. Displacement monitoring unit; 12. Underground mine; 13. Top change curve; 14. Lower change curve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0051] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0054] See also Figures 1 to 5As shown, according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a safety monitoring device for a boundary top column 9 is provided, comprising a pressure monitoring unit, a deformation monitoring unit 8, a displacement monitoring unit 11 and a control unit, wherein the pressure monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9, and is used to obtain pressure information of the top of the boundary top column 9, the deformation monitoring unit 8 is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9, and is used to obtain deformation information of the boundary top column 9, the displacement monitoring unit 11 is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column 9, and is used to obtain displacement information of the boundary top column 9, and the pressure monitoring unit, the deformation monitoring unit 8 and the displacement monitoring unit 11 are respectively connected to the control unit.

[0055] By setting corresponding monitoring components at different positions of the boundary top column 9, the key factors affecting the boundary top column 9 can be comprehensively monitored. Specifically, by setting the pressure monitoring unit at the top of the boundary top column 9, the top pressure information can be obtained, by setting the deformation monitoring unit 8 at the top of the boundary top column 9, the deformation information can be obtained, and by setting the displacement monitoring unit 11 at the bottom of the boundary top column 9, the displacement information can be obtained. The pressure monitoring unit, the deformation monitoring unit 8, and the displacement monitoring unit 11 are respectively connected to the control unit, so that each monitoring unit can work together to collect key stability information and deformation of the boundary top column 9 in real time. The data collected by different types of sensors can be transmitted to the control unit for comprehensive analysis, so as to more accurately understand the status of the boundary top column 9, and improve the multi-sensor collaborative monitoring method of the boundary top column 9.

[0056] Among them, the control unit can perform further analysis and processing based on the obtained pressure information, deformation information and displacement information. For example, the stability coefficient of the pillar can be obtained, and the safety status of the boundary top pillar 9 can be determined based on the comparison between the coefficient and the preset alarm value, which provides a data basis for early warning, and helps to solve the problem that the existing early warning means rely solely on the deformation law of monitoring data, do not perform quantitative calculations based on engineering geological conditions, and lack a basis for early warning values. At the same time, it also provides a basis for subsequent operations such as demarcating underground dangerous areas, warning personnel within the dangerous area, and setting up electronic fences, so as to achieve effective linkage between monitoring and production.

[0057] Among them, the control department can be combined with the mine production management and control system, and adopt online real-time monitoring to achieve real-time and rapid response of monitoring and production.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the boundary top pillar 9 is arranged below the open pit 1. The top of the boundary top pillar 9 usually has an overlying rock and soil body 3. There may be accumulated water in the overlying rock and soil body 3. Figure 1 2 shows a water level 2 when there is water accumulation in one embodiment. Below the boundary top pillar 9 is a tunnel 10 and an underground stope 12.

[0059] The safety monitoring device for the boundary top pillar 9 also includes a video monitoring unit 5, which is arranged toward the mining area above the boundary top pillar 9 and is connected to the control unit.

[0060] By setting up the video monitoring unit 5 and making the video monitoring unit 5 face the mining area above the boundary top pillar 9, it is possible to obtain real-time information inside the mining area, including the state of the covering layer, the state of water storage, the activities of personnel, and the operation of equipment, so that the dynamics of the mining area can be understood in time and judgments can be made in advance on possible dangerous situations. By connecting the video monitoring unit 5 to the control unit, the collected video information can be transmitted to the control unit, and the control unit can combine the pressure, deformation, displacement and other information obtained by other monitoring units to comprehensively analyze the safety status of the boundary top pillar 9. When other monitoring data show abnormal changes, the video monitoring information can assist in determining whether it is caused by specific conditions inside the mining area (such as improper operation of personnel, equipment failure, etc.), thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the early warning.

[0061] Among them, the video monitoring unit 5 can select a camera with AI image recognition function, and then identify the operating personnel, equipment, etc. and upload them to the monitoring software system. When an early warning occurs, an early warning response instruction is sent to the relevant personnel and equipment in time.

[0062] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the video monitoring unit 5 is connected to the data collector 6 and the data is transmitted to the control unit via the communication cable 7 .

[0063] The pressure monitoring unit includes an overburden load pressure monitoring component, which is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9 and is used to obtain overburden load pressure information.

[0064] It is possible to accurately obtain the overburden load pressure information borne by the boundary top pillar 9. The boundary top pillar 9 bears the loads of overburden water, bulk materials, etc. Accurate pressure monitoring can provide key data for subsequent stability analysis. The acquired overburden load pressure information can be transmitted to the control unit. Combined with the deformation information and displacement information, the control unit can more accurately analyze the stability of the boundary top pillar 9. Through real-time monitoring of load pressure, abnormal changes in pressure can be discovered in time, thereby giving early warning of possible disasters such as top pillar water inrush and roof collapse, and ensuring production safety in underground mining sites.

[0065] There are multiple overlying load pressure monitoring components, and the multiple overlying load pressure monitoring components are evenly arranged on the top of the boundary top column 9.

[0066] By evenly arranging multiple overburden load pressure monitoring devices on the top of the boundary top column 9, overburden load pressure information can be obtained from multiple positions, which can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the distribution of overburden load pressure borne by the top of the boundary top column 9. Because the load pressure on the top of the boundary top column 9 may be uneven, multiple monitoring devices can capture the difference and provide data support for more accurate stability analysis.

[0067] When one or several overburden load pressure monitoring devices fail or the data is abnormal, other overburden load pressure monitoring devices can still work normally and provide effective pressure information, which improves the reliability of the entire monitoring system, ensures that the overburden load pressure data can be obtained continuously and stably under any circumstances, and reduces the risk of monitoring interruption or misjudgment due to problems with a single monitoring device.

[0068] By analyzing the data obtained from multiple monitoring devices, we can better understand the distribution pattern of the overlying load on the top of the boundary top column 9, determine the load concentration area, pressure gradient and other information, which will help to further improve the bearing capacity and stability of the boundary top column 9.

[0069] The overburden load pressure monitoring device is the earth pressure, and the earth pressure range meets the following requirements: L tyl ≥Hs*g*ρ*FS.

[0070] Among them, L tyl is the soil pressure measurement range; Hs is the burial depth; g is the gravitational acceleration; ρ is the density of the overlying bulk body; FS is the safety factor, and the value range of FS is 1.25~1.5.

[0071] The overburden load pressure is mainly the self-weight load of waste rock, tailings and other bulk materials discharged from the top of the boundary pillar 9, which can be measured by an earth pressure gauge. The theoretical maximum pressure value is calculated based on factors such as burial depth, density of overburden bulk materials and safety factor. The range of the earth pressure gauge meets the conditions, so that in actual monitoring, there will be no situation where the measurement cannot be accurately measured due to insufficient range.

[0072] Among them, the earth pressure gauge is installed on the top of the boundary top column 9. The main components of the earth pressure gauge are made of high-strength special steel and are suitable for use in various harsh environments.

[0073] When there is water accumulation at the bottom of the open pit 1 or groundwater exists in the rock mass inside the boundary top pillar 9, seepage pressure monitoring is performed.

[0074] The pressure monitoring unit includes an osmotic pressure monitoring component 4, which is arranged on the top of the boundary top column 9 and is used to obtain osmotic pressure information. The top of the boundary top column 9 is provided with a mounting hole, and the osmotic pressure monitoring component 4 is arranged in the mounting hole.

[0075] By setting the osmotic pressure monitoring component 4 in the mounting hole at the top of the boundary top column 9, the osmotic pressure information at the top of the boundary top column 9 can be directly obtained. By setting the mounting hole at the top and installing the osmotic pressure monitoring component 4, the osmotic pressure of the boundary top column 9 is monitored in a targeted manner, and the relevant information of the osmotic pressure can be captured more accurately, providing a basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0076] In one embodiment, the osmotic pressure monitoring component 4 is an osmometer, and the range of the osmotic pressure meter satisfies: L SY ≥(H+H W )*g*F S .

[0077] Among them, L SY is the osmometer range; H is the natural water level 2 burial depth; H W is the expected maximum amplitude of water level 2; g is the acceleration of gravity; F S is the safety factor, take 1.25~1.5.

[0078] In another embodiment, when the osmometer is used to measure the water level 2, the water level 2 calculation formula is: H = P*F*H EL .

[0079] Among them, H is the water level 2 value; P is the calculated pressure value; F is the conversion coefficient; H EL is the altitude where the piezometer is installed. If only the relative water level 2 is calculated, then H EL is 0.

[0080] Among them, the piezometer can collect pressure monitoring such as seepage pressure, pore water pressure, uplift pressure, and pipeline pressure.

[0081] Before installing the piezometer, the water level 2 in the borehole or pressure tube must be measured as a reference value. Marks must be made on the cable according to the installation elevation so that the piezometer can reach the accurate depth. A sediment sedimentation section of not less than 0.5m is reserved between the piezometer and the bottom of the borehole.

[0082] The deformation monitoring unit 8 includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitor, which includes a plurality of multi-dimensional inclinometer sensors connected in series.

[0083] The multi-dimensional deformation monitor is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9, and is used to obtain the deformation information of the boundary top column 9 in the direction of the three-dimensional space coordinate axis.

[0084] Among them, the multi-dimensional deformation monitor includes a plurality of multi-dimensional inclinometers connected in series, which can simultaneously monitor the deformation of the boundary top column 9 in the three directions of the spatial coordinate axes X, Y, and Z.

[0085] Among them, the multi-dimensional deformation monitor uses the node as the basic unit, and multiple nodes are connected in series to form a linear array of multi-dimensional inclinometer sensors. The nodes are connected by flexible nodes with a flexible adaptability of ≤90°. The flexible inclinometer is simple and convenient to install on site and can be buried and measured immediately.

[0086] Among them, the method of connecting multiple sensors in series can increase the number of monitoring points and coverage, thereby improving the accuracy of deformation monitoring. Each sensor can measure the deformation at its location. By comprehensively analyzing the data of multiple sensors, the deformation law of the boundary top column 9 can be understood in more detail, and small deformation changes can be discovered in time, which helps to warn of possible safety hazards in advance.

[0087] Among them, the setting of the multi-dimensional inclinometer sensor can adapt to the deformation of the boundary top column 9 under complex stress conditions. Since the boundary top column 9 may be subjected to a variety of loads and stresses, its deformation may be more complicated, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitor can better capture the complex deformation characteristics.

[0088] In one embodiment, the displacement monitoring unit 11 includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter.

[0089] The bottom of the boundary top column 9 is the tunnel 10. When the tunnel 10 has the conditions for oblique drilling construction, an oblique borehole is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column 9, and a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter is set in the oblique borehole. When the tunnel 10 has the conditions for oblique drilling construction, an oblique borehole is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column 9 and a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter is set, which can directly monitor the deformation and displacement of the bottom of the boundary top column 9 in the oblique direction, and can obtain key monitoring data.

[0090] Among them, the monitoring equipment can be arranged more accurately by utilizing the inclined drilling construction conditions of the lane 10. The inclined drilling can better approach the actual deformation and displacement area at the bottom of the boundary top column 9, so that the monitoring data can better reflect the real state of the bottom of the boundary top column 9 and improve the accuracy of monitoring.

[0091] In another embodiment, the displacement monitoring unit 11 includes a multi-point displacement meter. The bottom of the boundary top column 9 is the tunnel 10. When the tunnel 10 does not have the conditions for inclined drilling construction, multiple rows of vertical holes are arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column 9, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or the multi-point displacement meter is set in the multiple rows of vertical holes.

[0092] When the tunnel 10 does not have the conditions for inclined drilling construction, by arranging multiple rows of vertical holes at the bottom of the boundary top column 9 and setting up a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter, it is possible to monitor the displacement of the bottom of the boundary top column 9 under adverse construction conditions, flexibly adapting to different construction conditions of the tunnel 10 and ensuring the feasibility of displacement monitoring.

[0093] Among them, the monitoring equipment set in the multiple rows of vertical holes can obtain the displacement data of the bottom of the boundary top column 9 in the vertical direction. Although the direction is different from that of the inclined drilling monitoring, the vertical displacement can also be used as an important indicator to evaluate the stability of the boundary top column 9.

[0094] The location of the internal displacement monitoring point should be at the position of maximum deflection at the bottom of the boundary top column 9 or at the weak rock layer.

[0095] The safety monitoring device for the boundary top pillar 9 includes an alarm unit, and a control unit is connected to the alarm unit. The control unit obtains the stability coefficient of the pillar based on pressure information, deformation information and displacement information, and controls the alarm unit to issue an alarm message when the stability coefficient of the pillar is less than a preset alarm value.

[0096] The control unit obtains the pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure, deformation and displacement information, and controls the alarm unit to issue an alarm message when the coefficient is less than the preset alarm value, so as to timely discover the potential safety hazards of the boundary top pillar 9. When the pillar stability coefficient is reduced to a certain level, it indicates that the stability of the boundary top pillar 9 is threatened. The alarm unit issues an alarm in time to remind relevant personnel to take measures to avoid accidents.

[0097] Wherein, the alarm unit includes an audible and visual alarm device, which controls the audible and visual alarm device to send out audible and visual alarm information when the stability coefficient of the ore pillar is less than a preset alarm value.

[0098] Specifically, the control department or the mine production control system automatically analyzes and calculates the data. When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the preset alarm value, it automatically or manually interactively determines the open-air and underground dangerous working areas, and the sound and light alarms installed in the underground tunnel 10 sound an alarm. The operating personnel in the dangerous area are identified through the mine personnel positioning system, and the personnel are notified of emergency evacuation through the communication system.

[0099] When personnel, equipment or vehicles are behind, the control department or the mine production control system automatically or interactively sets the electronic fence, and the electronic fence of the underground dangerous area tunnel 10 is automatically closed. Personnel and equipment are prohibited from entering the underground dangerous area tunnel 10 and the dangerous area in the open pit 1. After the danger is lifted, the authorized operator can remove the electronic fence through the step-by-step approval process and resume production.

[0100] Among them, the control unit can be connected to the cloud platform, and the cloud platform can be connected to other related devices to achieve collaborative work of multiple devices.

[0101] The stability calculation method of the boundary top pillar 9 can be carried out by the limit equilibrium method. The shear stability coefficient of the pillar is defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the pillar to the sum of the total weight of the pillar and the external load.

[0102] The calculation formula of the pillar stability coefficient is:

[0103] Among them, FS shear is the pillar stability coefficient; τ xz is the first shear strength; τ yz is the second shear strength; Z1 is the height of the first pillar; Z2 is the height of the second pillar; x is the length of the pillar; y is the width of the pillar; q is the sum of the load obtained based on the overlying load pressure information and the deadweight of the pillar.

[0104] The pillar stability limit equilibrium method is adopted to conduct stability sensitivity analysis on the seepage pressure and overlying load pressure, and then divide the preset alarm values. This solves the problem in the existing technology that the early warning means only rely on the deformation law of monitoring data, and fail to perform quantitative calculation based on the engineering geological conditions, deformation and failure mode, and rock mass mechanical parameters and stability analysis of the pillars. The early warning values ​​lack basis and cannot be quantitatively controlled.

[0105] like Figure 2 As shown, τ xz is the shear strength in the XZ direction, τ yz is the shear strength in the YZ direction.

[0106] Among them, Z1 is the height of the ore pillar at one of the boundary top pillars 9, and Z2 is the height of the ore pillar at another of the boundary top pillars 9.

[0107] Where q is the sum of the load obtained based on the overburden load pressure information and the deadweight of the pillar.

[0108] When the pillar stability coefficient is greater than or equal to the design safety factor, it is in the first stable state.

[0109] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the designed safety coefficient and is greater than or equal to the first preset alarm value, it is in the second stable state.

[0110] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the first preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the second preset alarm value, it is in the third stable state.

[0111] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the second preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the third preset alarm value, it is in the fourth stable state.

[0112] When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the third preset alarm value, it is in the fifth stable state.

[0113] The danger levels of the first stable state, the second stable state, the third stable state, the fourth stable state and the fifth stable state increase in sequence.

[0114] Among them, the first stable state can be called a stable state. The second stable state can be called a substantially stable state. The third stable state can be called a substantially stable state. The fourth stable state can be called an understable state. The fifth stable state can be called an unstable state.

[0115] The design safety factor is set according to the actual design parameters of the boundary top column 9. The design safety factor may be referred to as Fst.

[0116] like Figure 3 As shown, by performing sensitivity analysis on the seepage pressure and the overburden load pressure, the preset alarm values ​​of the seepage pressure and the overburden load pressure are determined. The first preset alarm value is 1.1, the second preset alarm value is 1.05, and the third preset alarm value is 1.

[0117] FS shear When ≥Fst, it is in a stable state.

[0118] Fst>FS shear When ≥1.1, it is in a basically stable state and a blue warning is issued.

[0119] 1.1>FS shear When ≥1.05, it is in a basically stable state and a yellow warning is issued.

[0120] 1.05>FS shear When ≥1, it is in an unstable state and an orange warning is issued.

[0121] 1>FS shear When >0, it is in an unstable state and a red warning is issued.

[0122] When the warning level of the boundary top pillar 9 reaches the corresponding emergency response level, the personnel operating in the danger zone are identified through the mine personnel positioning system, and the personnel are notified to evacuate urgently through the communication system. The emergency response level can be above the yellow warning.

[0123] like Figure 4 As shown, the safety monitoring device of the boundary top column 9 can also divide the displacement warning level according to the displacement-time relationship curve and perform real-time monitoring and warning. Figure 4 1 shows a top curve 13 and a bottom curve 14 in one embodiment.

[0124] The displacement-time relationship curve is set according to the actual design parameters of the boundary top column 9.

[0125] See also Figure 6As shown, according to the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a method for safety monitoring of a boundary top column 9 is provided, and the boundary top column 9 is monitored by the boundary top column 9 safety monitoring device as described above.

[0126] Monitoring methods include:

[0127] S101: Obtain pressure information of the top of the boundary top column 9, obtain deformation information of the boundary top column 9, and obtain displacement information of the boundary top column 9.

[0128] The pressure monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9 to obtain the pressure information at the top of the boundary top column 9. The deformation monitoring unit 8 is arranged at the top of the boundary top column 9 to obtain the deformation information of the boundary top column 9. The displacement monitoring unit 11 is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column 9 to obtain the displacement information of the boundary top column 9.

[0129] S102: Obtaining a pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure information.

[0130] The stability calculation method of the boundary top pillar 9 can be carried out by the limit equilibrium method, and the shear stability coefficient of the pillar is defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the pillar to the sum of the total weight of the pillar and the external load.

[0131] The calculation formula of the pillar stability coefficient is:

[0132] Among them, FS shear is the pillar stability coefficient; τ xz is the first shear strength; τ yz is the second shear strength; Z1 is the height of the first pillar; Z2 is the height of the second pillar; x is the length of the pillar; y is the width of the pillar; q is the sum of the load obtained based on the overlying load pressure information and the deadweight of the pillar.

[0133] S103: Compare the pillar stability coefficient with the preset alarm value, and determine the safety status of the boundary top pillar 9 based on the comparison result.

[0134] The preset alarm values ​​of the seepage pressure and the overburden load pressure are determined by performing sensitivity analysis on the seepage pressure and the overburden load pressure. The first preset alarm value is 1.1, the second preset alarm value is 1.05, and the third preset alarm value is 1.

[0135] FS shear When ≥Fst, it is in a stable state.

[0136] Fst>FS shear When ≥1.1, it is in a basically stable state and a blue warning is issued.

[0137] 1.1>FS shear When ≥1.05, it is in a basically stable state and a yellow warning is issued.

[0138] 1.05>FS shear When ≥1, it is in an unstable state and an orange warning is issued.

[0139] 1>FS shear When >0, it is in an unstable state and a red warning is issued.

[0140] S104: Compare the deformation information with the deformation warning value, and determine the safety status of the boundary top column 9 based on the comparison result.

[0141] Among them, when the deformation information is greater than the deformation warning value, it is in an unstable state and an alarm is issued.

[0142] The deformation warning value is set according to the actual design parameters of the boundary top column 9.

[0143] S105: Compare the displacement information with the displacement warning value, and determine the safety status of the boundary top column 9 based on the comparison result.

[0144] Among them, when the displacement information is greater than the displacement warning value, it is in an unstable state and an alarm is issued.

[0145] Among them, the displacement warning value is set according to the actual design parameters of the boundary top column 9.

[0146] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that, under the premise of no conflict, the above-mentioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0147] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. The above are only preferred implementations of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A boundary top column safety monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a pressure monitoring unit, a deformation monitoring unit, a displacement monitoring unit and a control unit. The pressure monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column to obtain pressure information at the top of the boundary top column. The deformation monitoring unit is arranged at the top of the boundary top column to obtain deformation information of the boundary top column. The displacement monitoring unit is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column to obtain displacement information of the boundary top column. The pressure monitoring unit, the deformation monitoring unit and the displacement monitoring unit are respectively connected to the control unit.

2. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The boundary top pillar safety monitoring device also includes a video monitoring unit, which is arranged toward the mining area above the boundary top pillar and is connected to the control unit.

3. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure monitoring unit includes an overburden load pressure monitoring component, which is arranged at the top of the boundary top column and is used to obtain overburden load pressure information; The number of the overburden load pressure monitoring components is multiple, and the multiple overburden load pressure monitoring components are evenly arranged on the top of the boundary top column; The overburden load pressure monitoring component is soil pressure, and the soil pressure range satisfies: L tyl ≥Hs*g*ρ*FS; Among them, L tyl is the soil pressure measurement range; Hs is the burial depth; g is the gravitational acceleration; ρ is the density of the overlying bulk body; FS is the safety factor, and the value range of FS is 1.25~1.

5.

4. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pressure monitoring unit includes an osmotic pressure monitoring component, which is arranged at the top of the boundary top column and is used to obtain osmotic pressure information; A mounting hole is provided at the top of the boundary top column, and the seepage pressure monitoring component is arranged in the mounting hole; The osmotic pressure monitoring component is an osmometer, and the measuring range of the osmometer satisfies: LSY≥(H+HW)*g*FS; Among them, L SY is the osmometer range; H is the natural water level depth; H W is the expected maximum change of water level; g is the acceleration of gravity; F S is the safety factor, which is 1.25 to 1.5; When the osmometer is used for water level measurement, the water level calculation formula is: H = P*F*H EL ; Among them, H is the water level value; P is the calculated pressure value; F is the conversion coefficient; H EL is the altitude where the piezometer is installed. If only the relative water level is calculated, then H EL is 0.

5. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deformation monitoring unit includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitor, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitor includes a plurality of multi-dimensional inclinometer sensors connected in series; The multi-dimensional deformation monitor is arranged at the top of the boundary top column, and is used to obtain the deformation information of the boundary top column in the direction of the three-dimensional space coordinate axis.

6. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement monitoring unit includes a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or a multi-point displacement meter; The bottom of the boundary top column is a tunnel. When the tunnel meets the conditions for inclined drilling construction, an inclined borehole is arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or the multi-point displacement meter is set in the inclined borehole.

7. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement monitoring unit includes a multi-point displacement meter; The bottom of the boundary top column is a tunnel. When the tunnel does not have the conditions for inclined drilling construction, multiple rows of vertical holes are arranged at the bottom of the boundary top column, and the multi-dimensional deformation monitoring system or the multi-point displacement meter is set in the multiple rows of vertical holes.

8. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The boundary pillar safety monitoring device includes an alarm unit, and the control unit is connected to the alarm unit. The control unit obtains the pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure information, the deformation information and the displacement information, and controls the alarm unit to issue an alarm message when the pillar stability coefficient is less than a preset alarm value.

9. The boundary top column safety monitoring device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the pillar stability coefficient is: Among them, FS shear is the pillar stability coefficient; τ xz is the first shear strength; τ yz is the second shear strength; Z1 is the height of the first pillar; Z2 is the height of the second pillar; x is the length of the pillar; y is the width of the pillar; q is the sum of the load obtained based on the overlying load pressure information and the deadweight of the pillar; When the pillar stability coefficient is greater than or equal to the design safety factor, it is in a first stable state; When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the design safety coefficient and is greater than or equal to the first preset alarm value, it is in the second stable state; When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the first preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the second preset alarm value, it is in a third stable state; When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the second preset alarm value and greater than or equal to the third preset alarm value, it is in a fourth stable state; When the pillar stability coefficient is less than the third preset alarm value, the fifth stable state is in place; The danger levels of the first stable state, the second stable state, the third stable state, the fourth stable state and the fifth stable state increase in sequence; The first preset alarm value is 1.1, the second preset alarm value is 1.05, and the third preset alarm value is 1.

10. A method for monitoring the safety of a boundary top column, characterized in that: Monitoring the boundary top column by means of the boundary top column safety monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The monitoring method comprises: Obtaining pressure information of the top of the top pillar of the realm, obtaining deformation information of the top pillar of the realm, and obtaining displacement information of the top pillar of the realm; Obtaining a pillar stability coefficient based on the pressure information; Comparing the pillar stability coefficient with a preset alarm value, and determining the safety status of the boundary top pillar based on the comparison result; Comparing the deformation information with the deformation warning value, and determining the safety status of the boundary top column based on the comparison result; The displacement information is compared with the displacement warning value, and the safety status of the boundary top column is determined based on the comparison result.

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