3D scanning type laser radar planning method suitable for wind power plant wake flow test

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power plant wake flow testing, and discloses a 3D scanning type laser radar planning method suitable for wind power plant wake flow testing, and the method comprises the steps: determining a wind power plant wake flow wind measurement region according to a wind measurement demand; determining a mainstream wind direction and a wind speed interval of the wind power plant wake flow wind measurement area based on the wind power plant wind resource data, and obtaining unit coordinates and unit parameters of wind turbine units in the wind power plant wake flow wind measurement area; according to the mainstream wind direction, the wind speed interval, the unit coordinates and the unit parameters, performing simulation calculation on the wake flow field of the wind turbine generator in the wake flow wind measurement area of the wind power plant to generate a wake flow area cloud picture; according to the method, the arrangement position of the 3D scanning type laser radar is determined based on the wake flow area cloud picture and the actual landform of the site, the situation that the arrangement position of the 3D scanning type laser radar is repeatedly adjusted for multiple times due to arrangement errors possibly occurring during arrangement according to experience can be avoided, and the wake flow testing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind farm wake testing, and in particular to a 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing. Background Art

[0002] As the trend of large-scale wind turbines continues to accelerate, the record of the largest wind rotor diameter is constantly being refreshed. The increase in the swept area of ​​wind turbines has led to more obvious wake losses caused by the wake effect. The so-called wake effect is the phenomenon that when the natural incoming wind passes through the rotor plane of the upstream wind turbine, the wind speed decreases and the turbulence increases. This effect will cause the power loss and fatigue load of the downstream unit to increase. As the number of units in the wind farm increases, the wind farm wake effect will significantly affect the economic benefits of the entire field.

[0003] There are three main research methods for wind farm wakes: field wind measurement, wind tunnel tests, and numerical simulations. Numerical simulations can be further divided into low-precision engineering wake models based on analytical models and high-precision computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations. In recent years, Doppler-based laser radars have been widely used in wind farm wake measurements, becoming an important means of field wind measurement tests.

[0004] The laser radar used for wind turbine wake measurement in wind farms can be divided into three categories according to their functions: nacelle type, ground-based type and 3D scanning type: 1. The nacelle type is installed in the nacelle of the wind turbine. Four laser beams are projected forward at a certain staggered angle, which can measure wind speed, wind direction, wind shear and other parameters at the hub height at a certain distance in front of the turbine. 2. The ground-based type is installed on the ground and can only scan data such as wind speed and wind direction within a certain height directly above the radar. It has a wind profile scanning mode and can invert the wind field to a certain extent. 3. The 3D scanning type is installed on the ground. A single laser beam is projected, which can scan the wind field 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically. It has a wind profile scanning mode, a vertical detection mode (ie, RHI mode, fixed horizontal angle, changing pitch angle), and a horizontal detection mode (ie, PPI mode, fixed pitch angle, changing horizontal angle). It can completely replace the ground-based type and has the function of three-dimensional scale detection of radial wind speed in wind farms. It can effectively invert the wind speed of wind farms and has higher data collection capabilities than nacelle-based and ground-based radars.

[0005] The use of LiDAR equipment for wake measurement can effectively reflect the actual development of the wake. At the scientific research level, it can combine wind tunnel experiments, wake models and other methods to verify the construction of the wake development mechanism and model. At the engineering application level, it can reasonably arrange the units in the early planning stage of the wind farm, and guide the wake yaw control strategy in the operation stage of the wind farm to increase the power generation of the entire field and improve the economic benefits.

[0006] At present, nacelle-type and ground-based radars are usually used for wake measurement in on-site wind measurement at wind farms, and 3D scanning laser radars are rarely used. This is because the design of 3D scanning laser radars was originally oriented towards research in the aviation field. In recent years, with the reduction in the price of radar equipment, laser wind measurement radars have gradually begun to be used in the wind power field, and 3D scanning radars have also begun to be used in the field of wind farm wake wind measurement in small quantities. There is currently no generally recognized implementation standard or method design for the specific application of 3D scanning laser radars in wind farm wake wind measurement tests, and the measurement efficiency is low.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a 3D scanning lidar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing to fill the gap in the current lack of 3D scanning lidar implementation plans in the field of wind farm wake testing. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing, so as to solve the technical problems of lack of planning for 3D scanning laser radar and low efficiency of wake testing in the existing wind farm wake testing field.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing, comprising: determining a wind farm wake measurement area according to wind measurement requirements; determining the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range of the wind farm wake measurement area based on wind farm wind resource data, and obtaining the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbines in the wind farm wake measurement area; simulating and calculating the wake field of the wind turbines in the wind farm wake measurement area according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, and generating a wake area cloud map; determining the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

[0010] The present invention determines a wake wind measurement area of ​​a wind farm according to wind measurement requirements, determines a mainstream wind direction and a wind speed range in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm based on wind resource data of the wind farm, obtains unit coordinates and unit parameters of wind turbine units in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, simulates and calculates the wake field of wind turbine units in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, generates a wake area cloud map, and determines the layout position of a 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, so that the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar can include as many wake areas as possible through a small rotation range within its laser detection range, avoids layout errors that may occur when arranging according to experience, and causes repeated adjustments to the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar, thereby improving the efficiency of wake testing.

[0011] Optionally, after determining the layout position of the 3D scanning lidar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, the process includes: determining the purpose of measurement; if the purpose of measurement is determined to be to measure the horizontal plane wake loss, scanning is performed in a horizontal detection mode at different pitch angles, wherein the number of different pitch angles is greater than a first preset number; if the purpose of measurement is determined to be to measure the wake loss due to wind shear effect or tower effect, measuring is performed in a vertical detection mode at different horizontal angles, wherein the number of different horizontal angles is greater than a second preset number, and the second preset number is greater than the first preset number.

[0012] In this method, different detection modes are selected according to different measurement purposes, which improves the flexibility and pertinence of the measurement and can more accurately measure the horizontal plane wake loss, wind shear effect or tower effect wake loss.

[0013] Optionally, before adopting the horizontal detection mode or the vertical detection mode for measurement, the process includes: calculating the maximum detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction based on the straight-line reference distance between the 3D scanning laser radar and the farthest wind turbine in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, the wind rotor radius and the hub height of the turbine; determining the horizontal scanning angle and the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the maximum detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction; correspondingly, when adopting the horizontal detection mode for measurement, the horizontal scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 180°, and when adopting the vertical detection mode for measurement, the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 45°.

[0014] In this method, the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the laser radar are determined according to the maximum detection distance, ensuring the scanning range and accuracy of the laser radar in different detection modes, thereby improving measurement efficiency and data quality.

[0015] Optionally, after measuring in the horizontal detection mode or the vertical detection mode, the method includes: performing coordinate conversion on the measured data to obtain measurement data in a Cartesian coordinate system; and grouping the measurement data in the Cartesian coordinate system according to measurement time, wind direction and wind speed.

[0016] In this way, the measurement data in the Cartesian coordinate system are grouped and processed according to the measurement time, wind direction and wind speed, which can more systematically analyze the wake characteristics under different conditions and improve the data availability and analysis accuracy.

[0017] Optionally, the wake area cloud map includes a wake area cloud map under yaw conditions; correspondingly, according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, the wake field of the wind turbine in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm is simulated and calculated to generate a wake area cloud map, including: determining the yaw angle of the wind turbine under different working conditions according to the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range; calculating the axial induction factor, corrected wake expansion coefficient and corrected wake radius of the wind turbine under different yaw conditions according to the yaw angle and unit parameters; calculating the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine according to the axial induction factor, corrected wake expansion coefficient and wind speed range; generating a wake area cloud map under yaw conditions according to the corrected wake radius, wind speed data and unit coordinates.

[0018] In this way, by generating a cloud map of the wake area under yaw conditions, the wake field conditions of the wind turbine in actual operation can be more comprehensively simulated, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the simulation.

[0019] Optionally, the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient, and the corrected wake radius of the wind turbine under the yaw condition are calculated according to the yaw angle and the unit parameters, including: calculating the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient, and the corrected wake radius according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, is the corrected thrust coefficient of the wind turbine under yaw conditions, is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine, is the yaw angle, is the axial induction factor, To correct the wake expansion coefficient, is the wake expansion coefficient, Downstream of wind turbines Location and altitude The effective turbulence intensity at location, is the ambient turbulence intensity at different heights of the wind turbine, Downstream of wind turbines The additional turbulence intensity at the location, is the dimensionless downstream position of the wind turbine wake area, To correct the wake radius, is the distance from the centerline of the wind rotor in the crosswind direction, is the distance from the center of the wind rotor in the downstream direction of the wind turbine, is the height, and Downstream of wind turbines The wake center coordinates of the position, is the yaw wake center offset; the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine are calculated based on the axial induction factor, the modified wake expansion coefficient and the wind speed range, including: The wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine are calculated according to the following formula:

[0026] In the formula, is the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine, For different heights The ambient incoming wind speed at the location is determined based on the wind speed range.

[0027] In this method, the above formula is used to calculate the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine under the condition of considering the yaw condition, thereby providing a data basis for the subsequent generation of the wake area cloud map under the yaw condition.

[0028] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing, comprising: a wind measurement area determination module, used to determine the wind farm wake measurement area according to the wind measurement requirements; a parameter acquisition module, used to determine the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range of the wind farm wake measurement area based on the wind farm wind resource data, and obtain the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbines in the wind farm wake measurement area; a cloud map generation module, used to simulate and calculate the wake field of the wind turbines in the wind farm wake measurement area according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, and generate a wake area cloud map; an arrangement position determination module, used to determine the arrangement position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the 3D scanning lidar planning method for wind farm wake testing of the first aspect mentioned above by executing the computer instructions.

[0030] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, the computer instructions being used to enable a computer to execute the 3D scanning lidar planning method for wind farm wake testing of the first aspect described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a 3D scanning laser radar planning method applicable to a wind farm wake test according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a wake area cloud map according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the position arrangement of a 3D scanning laser radar according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of calculating the farthest detection distance of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a module block diagram of a 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In this embodiment, a 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing is provided. The wake testing method is designed according to the functional characteristics of the 3D scanning laser radar, filling the gap in the current wind farm wake testing field where there is a lack of 3D scanning laser radar implementation plans, thereby improving the efficiency of wake testing.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the 3D scanning laser radar planning method applicable to the wind farm wake test according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step S101, determining a wind farm wake wind measurement area according to wind measurement requirements.

[0036] Specifically, the wake wind measurement area of ​​a wind farm includes the wake area measurement of a single unit, the wake area measurement of multiple units (2-9 units) and the wind measurement of the entire wind farm area, among which the number of units for the wake area measurement of multiple units can be any integer greater than 2, for example, 2-9 units, or the wake area measurement of multiple wind turbine groups can be arbitrarily specified.

[0037] Due to the fluctuation characteristics of natural incoming wind over time, there are objective errors in the measurement results. It is important to screen and delineate the appropriate wake wind measurement area according to the wind measurement requirements, guide the lidar scanning range and parameter settings, and avoid too long a scanning cycle to ensure the validity of the wake wind measurement data.

[0038] Preferably, if the wind measurement is used for wind tunnel testing, CFD simulation or wake model result comparison, a single unit or three units arranged in series / staggered manner should be selected as the wake wind measurement area; if the wind measurement is used to verify the effect of group control, the wake wind measurement area should be selected as a group of multiple units implementing wake control, so as to avoid too large a measurement range resulting in too long a scanning cycle and data distortion.

[0039] Step S102, determining the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm based on the wind farm wind resource data, and obtaining the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm.

[0040] Specifically, the wind resource data of a wind farm includes the preliminary feasibility study report on wind resources of the wind farm and historical operation data.

[0041] The mainstream wind direction is the main prevailing wind direction of the wind farm. The wind direction and wind speed of the wind farm for most of the time are determined based on the previous wind resource feasibility study report and historical operation data of the wind farm, and then the mainstream direction and wind speed range are determined. Both the mainstream direction and wind speed range can be estimated using range values.

[0042] Extract the unit coordinate data and unit parameters of all wind turbines in the wind measurement area. If the unit coordinates are of latitude and longitude type, they should be converted into a unified geodetic coordinate system, such as the CGCS2000 coordinate system, to facilitate the acquisition of the relative positions between the units or to use surveying instruments on site to accurately calibrate the distances between the units. The unit parameters include at least the rotor diameter, hub height, power curve, thrust curve and other parameters.

[0043] Step S103, simulating and calculating the wake field of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, and generating a wake area cloud map.

[0044] Specifically, the wake area cloud map includes wake area cloud maps under yaw and non-yaw conditions.

[0045] Taking the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters as input parameters, a three-dimensional engineering wake model considering the yaw effect is used to perform rapid calculation and simulation of the wake area. The wake field is pre-calculated considering the yaw of the unit during the wind measurement process, and the yawed and non-yawed wake area positions under the mainstream wind direction and wind speed conditions are generated. The data processing method is used to form a wake area cloud map.

[0046] Step S104, determining the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown in the figure, based on the wake area cloud map of the wind measurement area and the actual topography on site, the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar should be confirmed based on the basic principle that the laser detection range can contain as many wake areas as possible within a small rotation range, while avoiding obstacles near the installation position. Preferably, it is recommended to choose the installation position downwind of the mainstream wind and at the edge of the wind measurement area. The 3D scanning laser radar probe faces the mainstream wind direction and scans in a fan-shaped area to avoid the radar performing a 360° circular area scan in the horizontal range, which causes the scanning cycle to be too long and affects the data quality.

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention determines a wake wind measurement area of ​​a wind farm according to wind measurement requirements, determines a mainstream wind direction and a wind speed range in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm based on wind resource data of the wind farm, obtains unit coordinates and unit parameters of wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, simulates and calculates the wake field of wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, generates a wake area cloud map, and determines a layout position of a 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, so that the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar can include as many wake areas as possible through a small rotation range within its laser detection range, avoids layout errors that may occur when arranging according to experience, and causes repeated adjustments to the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar, thereby improving the efficiency of wake testing.

[0049] In some embodiments, the wake area cloud map includes a wake area cloud map under yaw conditions.

[0050] Correspondingly, step S103, based on the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, simulates and calculates the wake field of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm to generate a wake area cloud map, including: Step S1031, determining the yaw angle of the wind turbine according to the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range.

[0051] Specifically, in the wake model, the wind condition of the mainstream wind direction is used as an input parameter to determine the rotation angle of the wind turbine and then the yaw angle.

[0052] Step S1032, calculating the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient and the corrected wake radius of the wind turbine generator set under different yaw conditions according to the yaw angle and the generator set parameters.

[0053] Specifically, the axial induction factor and the modified wake expansion coefficient are calculated according to the following formula:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, is the corrected thrust coefficient of the wind turbine under yaw conditions, is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine, is the yaw angle, is the axial induction factor, is the modified wake expansion coefficient applicable to the yaw wake, and its subscript Characterizes the downstream distance of the wind turbine, subscript Height from ground level, is the wake expansion coefficient, ,in is the wind turbine hub height, is the surface roughness height, Downstream of wind turbines Location and altitude The effective turbulence intensity at location, is the ambient turbulence intensity at different heights of the wind turbine, Downstream of wind turbines The additional turbulence intensity at the location, is the dimensionless downstream position of the wind turbine wake area, , is the wind wheel diameter.

[0059] The wake radius at any cross-sectional position in the wake area The calculation of is similar to the classic Jensen model, and its expression is:

[0060] In the formula, is the characteristic wake radius of the wind rotor, , is the wind wheel radius.

[0061] Define the yaw angle Clockwise is positive, taking into account the yaw wake center offset , downstream of wind turbine The coordinates of the center of the wake at position are ( , the corrected wake radius with the wake center as the center is:

[0062] In the formula, To correct the wake radius, is the distance from the centerline of the wind rotor in the crosswind direction, is the distance from the center of the wind rotor in the downstream direction of the wind turbine, is the height, and Downstream of wind turbines The wake center coordinates of the position, is the yaw wake center offset. Calculated by yaw wake models such as the Bastankhah model, Qian model or Jiménez model.

[0063] Step S1033, calculating the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine according to the axial induction factor, the modified wake expansion coefficient and the wind speed range.

[0064] Specifically, the final formula for wake calculation taking into account the yaw wake characteristics is:

[0065] This formula can output wind speed data in different areas downstream of the wind turbine. is the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine, For different heights The ambient incoming wind speed at the location is determined based on the wind speed range.

[0066] The above formula is used to calculate the wind speed data in different areas downstream of the wind turbine under the condition of considering the yaw condition, thereby providing a data basis for the subsequent generation of the wake area cloud map under the yaw condition.

[0067] Step S1034, generating a wake area cloud map under the yaw condition according to the corrected wake radius, wind speed data and unit coordinates.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the wake area cloud map represent the geographical location based on the CGCS2000 coordinate system, in meters, with the positive direction of the Y axis being north and the positive direction of the X axis being east. The horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​can represent the actual geographical location of the unit. When extracting the coordinate position of each unit, the longitude and latitude format (xx E, xx N) is generally extracted, which needs to be converted into the CGCS2000 coordinate system format (xxx, xxx), for example, (112.5413936089267, 41.72610951883538) is converted into (378635, 4622244).

[0069] The changes in the color depth of the wake area cloud map represent different wind speed values. The darker the color, the greater the wind speed. The ambient wind speed is the background color. The wake area is affected by the wake effect and the wind speed decreases. The cloud map is used to present the shape and change trend of the wind speed loss between regions. When selecting the radar layout points, the shape of the wake in the target area should be considered so that the radar layout can capture the entire wake area as much as possible.

[0070] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can more accurately and quickly simulate the wake field by adopting a three-dimensional engineering wake model, while taking into account the offset of the wake area when the unit is yawed, and using the wake model considering yaw to calculate some extreme conditions of the unit under the mainstream wind direction (such as the active wake control system generally requires that the relative yaw angle of the controlled unit in a yaw is less than 30°). This can more comprehensively simulate the wake field conditions of the wind turbine in actual operation, improve the accuracy and practicality of the simulation, guide the radar to accurately locate the position of the wake area, thereby achieving accurate capture of wind condition data, and also help to narrow the scanning range based on the precise area position when setting subsequent radar parameters, reduce the scanning cycle time, and improve data accuracy.

[0071] In some embodiments, in step S104, after determining the deployment position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual terrain and topography on site, the following steps are included: Step S105, determining the purpose of measurement. If the purpose of measurement is determined to be to measure the horizontal plane wake loss, scanning is performed in a horizontal detection mode at different pitch angles, wherein the number of different pitch angles is greater than a first preset number. If the purpose of measurement is determined to be to measure the wake loss due to the wind shear effect or the tower effect, measurement is performed in a vertical detection mode at different horizontal angles, wherein the number of different horizontal angles is greater than a second preset number, and the second preset number is greater than the first preset number.

[0072] In one example, the first preset number is 3, and the second preset number is 5. When the horizontal detection mode is used for scanning at different pitch angles, the pitch angle should be changed at least 3 times in succession to ensure that the horizontal wake loss shape is captured while taking into account the influence of vertical wind shear. On the contrary, when the vertical detection mode is used for measurement at different horizontal angles, the vertical detection mode scanning is performed by continuously changing the horizontal angle, and the pitch angle should be changed at least 5 times in succession to ensure that the horizontal wake loss shape is captured.

[0073] In an embodiment of the present invention, data in the horizontal and vertical directions can be obtained respectively through the vertical detection mode and the horizontal detection mode to meet various test requirements. Different detection modes are selected according to different measurement purposes, which improves the flexibility and pertinence of the measurement and can more accurately measure the horizontal plane wake loss, wind shear effect or tower effect wake loss.

[0074] Further, in step S105, before measuring in the horizontal detection mode or the vertical detection mode, the following steps are included: Step a1, calculating the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in all directions according to the straight-line reference distance between the 3D scanning laser radar and the farthest wind turbine in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, the wind rotor radius and the turbine hub height; Step a2, determining the horizontal scanning angle and the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar according to the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction; Correspondingly, when measuring in the horizontal detection mode, the horizontal scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 180°, and when measuring in the vertical detection mode, the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 45°.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown in the figure, after determining the wind measurement area and the layout of the unit radar, the straight-line reference distance between the 3D scanning laser radar and the farthest wind turbine in the wind farm wake wind measurement area is L, the wind rotor radius is R, and the unit hub height is H. The farthest detection distance S of the 3D scanning laser radar should be The direction angle of the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in the up and down directions is the vertical scanning angle, and the direction angle of the farthest detection distance in the left and right directions is the horizontal scanning angle.

[0076] The horizontal scanning angle should be expressed in absolute wind direction (0° for due north and 360° for clockwise direction, for example, the wind from due east is expressed as ) interval is [0, 360], and the scanning horizontal angle range is [ , ] is determined by the unit position in the wake measurement boundary area, it is recommended and The angle does not exceed 180°; the pitch angle range is [0, 180], the pitch angle [ , The range is determined by the pitch angle between the farthest and nearest turbine hub heights in the wake measurement area and the radar position. and The angle does not exceed 45°.

[0077] like[ , ]and[ , If the interval is too large, the wake test area should be adjusted appropriately, and the minimum interval of the scanning angle should not be less than 1°.

[0078] In this method, the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the laser radar are determined according to the maximum detection distance, ensuring the scanning range and accuracy of the laser radar in different detection modes, thereby improving measurement efficiency and data quality.

[0079] In some embodiments, in step S105, after measuring in the horizontal detection mode or the vertical detection mode, the following steps are included: Step S106, performing coordinate transformation on the measured data to obtain measurement data in a Cartesian coordinate system; Step S107, grouping the measurement data in the Cartesian coordinate system according to the measurement time, wind direction and wind speed.

[0080] Specifically, it is recommended to ensure that at least 7 consecutive days of measurement data of radar wake wind measurement can be stored and retained, process the radar data based on the detection distance, pitch angle, and wind direction, and convert the data stored in polar coordinates along the radial direction of the radar into Cartesian coordinate system representation.

[0081] After extracting the data, the data are grouped and processed according to the time-wind direction-wind speed recorded in the SCADA wind farm data. The data corresponding to the wind direction-wind speed interval should be averaged to reduce the wind direction pulsation error.

[0082] By grouping the measured data in the Cartesian coordinate system according to the measurement time, wind direction and wind speed, the wake characteristics under different conditions can be analyzed more systematically, improving the data availability and the accuracy of the analysis.

[0083] The 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing in an embodiment of the present invention determines the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, so that the 3D scanning laser radar can be arranged within its laser detection range to include as many wake areas as possible through a small rotation range, avoiding layout errors that may occur when arranging according to experience, resulting in repeated adjustments to the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar, thereby improving the efficiency of wake testing.

[0084] When selecting radar layout points, the influence of mainstream wind direction is considered first, and the yaw effect is taken into account to calculate the wake area range of the yaw condition under mainstream wind, which guides the range of radar layout points, thereby achieving accurate capture of wind condition data. It also helps to narrow the scanning range based on the precise regional position when setting subsequent radar parameters, reduce the scanning cycle time, and improve data accuracy.

[0085] The present invention also combines the characteristics of 3D scanning laser radar to specifically describe the processes such as scanning path planning, parameter setting and post-data processing, so that people in this field can have a reference standard. Compared with the existing technology, which only considers the influence of mainstream wind direction without further detailed planning of the scanning area in combination with the research purpose, the present invention is more instructive.

[0086] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing, such as Figure 5 As shown, the device comprises: A wind measurement area determination module 501 is used to determine a wind farm wake wind measurement area according to wind measurement requirements; The parameter acquisition module 502 is used to determine the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range in the wind farm wake wind measurement area based on the wind farm wind resource data, and to obtain the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbine units in the wind farm wake wind measurement area; The cloud map generation module 503 is used to simulate and calculate the wake field of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, and generate a wake area cloud map; The deployment position determination module 504 is used to determine the deployment position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

[0087] A 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for a wind farm wake test in an embodiment of the present invention determines a wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to wind measurement requirements, determines the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range of the wind farm wake wind measurement area based on wind farm wind resource data, obtains the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, simulates and calculates the wake field of the wind turbines in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, wind speed range, unit coordinates and unit parameters, generates a wake area cloud map, and determines the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, so that the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar can include as many wake areas as possible through a small rotation range within its laser detection range, avoids layout errors that may occur when arranging according to experience, and causes repeated adjustments to the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar, thereby improving the efficiency of the wake test.

[0088] Furthermore, the 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing also includes: A measurement setting module is used to determine the purpose of measurement. If the measurement purpose is determined to be to measure the horizontal plane wake loss, a horizontal detection mode is used for scanning at different pitch angles, wherein the number of different pitch angles is greater than a first preset number. If the measurement purpose is determined to be to measure the wind shear effect or tower effect wake loss, a vertical detection mode is used for measurement at different horizontal angles, wherein the number of different horizontal angles is greater than a second preset number, and the second preset number is greater than the first preset number.

[0089] Furthermore, the measurement setting module also includes: The farthest detection distance calculation module is used to calculate the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in all directions according to the straight-line reference distance between the 3D scanning laser radar and the farthest wind turbine in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, the wind rotor radius and the turbine hub height; An angle setting determination module, used to determine the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar according to the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction; Correspondingly, the scanning parameter selection module is also used to ensure that when the horizontal detection mode is used for measurement, the horizontal scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 180°, and when the vertical detection mode is used for measurement, the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 45°.

[0090] Furthermore, the 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing also includes: A coordinate transformation module is used to perform coordinate transformation on the measured data to obtain the measurement data in a Cartesian coordinate system; The data grouping module is used to group the measurement data in the Cartesian coordinate system according to the measurement time, wind direction and wind speed.

[0091] Further, the wake area cloud map includes a wake area cloud map under a yaw condition; correspondingly, the cloud map generation module 503 includes: A yaw angle determination module is used to determine the yaw angle of the wind turbine according to the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range; An intermediate parameter calculation module is used to calculate the axial induction factor, corrected wake expansion coefficient and corrected wake radius of the wind turbine under different yaw conditions according to the yaw angle and unit parameters; Wind speed calculation module, which calculates wind speed data in different areas downstream of the wind turbine according to the axial induction factor, modified wake expansion coefficient and wind speed range; The cloud map output module is used to generate a cloud map of the wake area under yaw conditions based on the corrected wake radius, wind speed data and unit coordinates.

[0092] Furthermore, the intermediate parameter calculation module is used to calculate the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient and the corrected wake radius according to the following formula:

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] In the formula, is the corrected thrust coefficient of the wind turbine under yaw conditions, is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine, is the yaw angle, is the axial induction factor, To correct the wake expansion coefficient, is the wake expansion coefficient, Downstream of wind turbines Location and altitude The effective turbulence intensity at location, is the ambient turbulence intensity at different heights of the wind turbine, Downstream of wind turbines The additional turbulence intensity at the location, is the dimensionless downstream position of the wind turbine wake area, To correct the wake radius, is the distance from the centerline of the wind rotor in the crosswind direction, is the distance from the center of the wind rotor in the downstream direction of the wind turbine, is the height, and Downstream of wind turbines The wake center coordinates of the position, is the yaw wake center offset; The wind speed calculation module is used to calculate the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine according to the following formula:

[0099] In the formula, is the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine, For different heights The ambient incoming wind speed at the location is determined based on the wind speed range.

[0100] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device, such as Figure 6 As shown, the computer device includes: one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting various components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. Various components are connected to each other using different buses for communication, and can be installed on a common mainboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process the instructions executed in the computer device, including instructions stored in or on the memory to display the graphical information of the GUI on an external input / output device (such as, a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (for example, as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 6 A processor 10 is taken as an example.

[0101] The processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor or a combination thereof. The processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be a dedicated integrated circuit, a programmable logic device or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a general purpose array logic or any combination thereof.

[0102] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10, so that at least one processor 10 executes the method shown in the above embodiment.

[0103] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the computer device, etc. In addition, the memory 20 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some optional embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0104] The memory 20 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0105] The computer device also includes an input device 30 and an output device 40. The processor 10, the memory 20, the input device 30 and the output device 40 may be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 6 The example of connecting through bus is taken in the following.

[0106] The input device 30 can receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal input related to the user settings and function control of the computer device, such as a touch screen, a keypad, a mouse, a track pad, a touch pad, an indicator bar, one or more mouse buttons, a trackball, a joystick, etc. The output device 40 may include a display device, an auxiliary lighting device (e.g., an LED) and a tactile feedback device (e.g., a vibration motor), etc. The above-mentioned display device includes but is not limited to a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode, a display and a plasma display. In some optional embodiments, the display device may be a touch screen.

[0107] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or can be implemented as a computer code that can be recorded in a storage medium, or can be implemented as a computer code that is originally stored in a remote storage medium or a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium and will be stored in a local storage medium through a network download, so that the method described herein can be stored in such software processing on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only storage memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid-state hard disk, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include a combination of the above types of memories. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by a computer, a processor, or hardware, the method shown in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0108] A part of the present invention may be applied as a computer program product, such as a computer program instruction, which, when executed by a computer, can call or provide the method and / or technical solution according to the present invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art should understand that the existence of the computer program instruction in a computer-readable medium includes, but is not limited to, a source file, an executable file, an installation package file, etc., and accordingly, the way in which the computer program instruction is executed by the computer includes, but is not limited to: the computer directly executes the instruction, or the computer compiles the instruction and then executes the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reads and executes the instruction, or the computer reads and installs the instruction and then executes the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium may be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to the computer.

[0109] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing, characterized in that: include: Determine the wind farm wake wind measurement area based on wind measurement requirements; Determine the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range of the wind farm wake wind measurement area based on the wind farm wind resource data, and obtain the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbine units in the wind farm wake wind measurement area; According to the mainstream wind direction, the wind speed range, the unit coordinates and the unit parameters, a wake field of the wind turbine unit in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm is simulated and calculated to generate a wake area cloud map; The layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar is determined based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

2. The 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After determining the layout position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site, the following steps are included: Determine the purpose of measurement. If the purpose of measurement is to measure the horizontal plane wake loss, then use the horizontal detection mode to perform measurement at different pitch angles, wherein the number of different pitch angles is greater than a first preset number. If the purpose of measurement is to measure the wake loss due to wind shear effect or tower effect, then use the vertical detection mode to perform measurement at different horizontal angles, wherein the number of different horizontal angles is greater than a second preset number, and the second preset number is greater than the first preset number.

3. The 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Before taking measurements in either horizontal or vertical detection mode, include: Calculate the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction according to the straight-line reference distance between the 3D scanning laser radar and the farthest wind turbine in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm, the radius of the wind rotor and the hub height of the turbine; Determine the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar according to the farthest detection distance of the 3D scanning laser radar in each direction; Correspondingly, when measuring in the horizontal detection mode, the horizontal scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 180°, and when measuring in the vertical detection mode, the vertical scanning angle of the 3D scanning laser radar is less than 45°.

4. The 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: After taking a measurement in horizontal or vertical detection mode, including: Perform coordinate transformation on the measured data to obtain measurement data in a Cartesian coordinate system; The measurement data in the Cartesian coordinate system are grouped and processed according to the measurement time, wind direction and wind speed.

5. The 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wake area cloud map includes a wake area cloud map under a yaw condition; Correspondingly, the wake field of the wind turbine set in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm is simulated and calculated according to the mainstream wind direction, the wind speed range, the unit coordinates and the unit parameters to generate a wake area cloud map, including: Determining the yaw angle of the wind turbine under different working conditions according to the mainstream wind direction and the wind speed range; Calculate the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient and the corrected wake radius of the wind turbine generator set under different yaw conditions according to the yaw angle and the unit parameters; Calculate wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine according to the axial induction factor, the modified wake expansion coefficient and the wind speed range; A wake area cloud map under the yaw condition is generated according to the corrected wake radius, the wind speed data and the unit coordinates.

6. The 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of calculating the axial induction factor, the corrected wake expansion coefficient and the corrected wake radius of the wind turbine generator set under the yaw condition according to the yaw angle and the generator set parameters includes: The axial induction factor, the modified wake expansion coefficient and the modified wake radius are calculated according to the following formula: In the formula, is the corrected thrust coefficient of the wind turbine under yaw conditions, is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine, is the yaw angle, is the axial induction factor, To correct the wake expansion coefficient, is the wake expansion coefficient, Downstream of wind turbines Location and altitude The effective turbulence intensity at location, is the ambient turbulence intensity at different heights of the wind turbine, Downstream of wind turbines The additional turbulence intensity at the location, is the dimensionless downstream position of the wind turbine wake area, To correct the wake radius, is the distance from the centerline of the wind rotor in the crosswind direction, is the distance from the center of the wind rotor in the downstream direction of the wind turbine, is the height, and Downstream of wind turbines The wake center coordinates of the position, is the yaw wake center offset; The calculating of wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine generator set according to the axial induction factor, the modified wake expansion coefficient and the wind speed range includes: The wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine are calculated according to the following formula: In the formula, is the wind speed data of different areas downstream of the wind turbine, For different heights The ambient incoming wind speed at the location is selected and determined based on the wind speed range.

7. A 3D scanning laser radar planning device suitable for wind farm wake testing, characterized in that: include: A wind measurement area determination module is used to determine the wind farm wake wind measurement area according to wind measurement requirements; A parameter acquisition module, used to determine the mainstream wind direction and wind speed range of the wind farm wake wind measurement area based on the wind farm wind resource data, and to obtain the unit coordinates and unit parameters of the wind turbine units in the wind farm wake wind measurement area; A cloud map generating module, configured to simulate and calculate the wake field of the wind turbine generator set in the wake wind measurement area of ​​the wind farm according to the mainstream wind direction, the wind speed range, the unit coordinates and the unit parameters, and generate a wake area cloud map; The deployment position determination module is used to determine the deployment position of the 3D scanning laser radar based on the wake area cloud map and the actual topography on site.

8. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the 3D scanning laser radar planning method for wind farm wake testing as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 by executing the computer instructions.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the 3D scanning laser radar planning method suitable for wind farm wake testing as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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