Ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of high-orbit satellite communication. A ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed source implementation device comprises an S-band dual-polarization feed source network, a Q / V-band feed source network, and an S feed source horn. The S-band dual-polarization feed source network comprises a polarization switch, a first diplexer, a first and difference network, a polarizer assembly, and an S feed source horn. The polarization switch is connected with two first diplexers respectively. Each first diplexer is connected with a first and difference network. The output of one first and difference network is connected to a left-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly. The output of the other first and difference network is connected to a right-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly. Each polarizer assembly is connected with an S feed source horn. The Q / V-band feed source network comprises two second diplexers connected with a quadrature device respectively. The polarizer is connected with the quadrature device and a tracker respectively. The tracker is connected with a difference signal synthesis network and a Q / V corrugated horn respectively. The S feed source horn is arranged around the Q / V corrugated horn. The device has the optimal utilization effect of space and signal transceiving efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of high-orbit satellite communication technology, and in particular relates to a device and method for realizing S, Q, and V multi-band dual-polarization feed sources for ground station antennas. Background Art

[0002] In the field of high-orbit satellite communications, with the increasing shortage of Ka and Ku band resources, the Q / V band has gradually become the main choice for high-speed data transmission due to its advantages such as low interference, wide bandwidth, and help in miniaturization of equipment.

[0003] However, the Q / V bands are sensitive to rain attenuation, which can lead to communication interruptions in inclement weather. Therefore, the weather-insensitive S band is needed to ensure communication. Furthermore, to improve frequency utilization efficiency, there is a need for multi-band and dual-polarization technologies to meet the complex requirements of satellite-to-ground communications.

[0004] The Q / V bands are widely adopted due to their advantages, but the S band is also needed as a backup, and multi-band and dual-polarization technologies are pursued to optimize communication efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a device for implementing S, Q, and V multi-band dual-polarization feeds for a ground station antenna, the device comprising:

[0007] An S-band dual-polarization feed network includes a polarization switch, a first duplexer, a first sum-and-difference network, a polarizer assembly, and an S-feed horn, wherein the polarization switch is connected to two of the first duplexers respectively, each of the first duplexers is connected to the first sum-and-difference network, the output of one of the first sum-and-difference networks is connected to a left-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly, and the output of another of the first sum-and-difference networks is connected to a right-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly, and each of the polarizer assemblies is connected to an S-feed horn;

[0008] The Q / V band feed network includes a second duplexer, an orthogonalizer, a polarizer, a tracker, a difference signal synthesis network, and a Q / V corrugated horn, wherein the two second duplexers are respectively connected to the orthogonalizer, the polarizer is respectively connected to the orthogonalizer and the tracker, and the tracker is respectively connected to the difference signal synthesis network and the Q / V corrugated horn; wherein,

[0009] The S feed horns are arranged around the Q / V corrugated horn.

[0010] In some implementations, the polarization switch is used to select a polarization state of a signal, wherein the polarization state includes a left-handed polarized signal and a right-handed polarized signal;

[0011] The two first duplexers are respectively a first duplexer I and a first duplexer II. The first duplexer I is used to receive the left-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the left-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network I. The first duplexer II is used to receive the right-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the right-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network II. In addition, the first duplexer I is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network I, and the first duplexer II is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network II.

[0012] In some implementations, the first sum and difference network includes:

[0013] The first sum-and-difference network 1 is configured to transmit the left-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer 1 to the plurality of polarizer assemblies, and to receive the left-handed polarized signals output by the plurality of polarizer assemblies;

[0014] The first sum-and-difference network II, the first sum-and-difference network I is used to send the right-hand polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the multiple polarizer components, and is also used to receive the right-hand polarized signals output by the multiple polarizer components.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of polarizer assemblies include a plurality of polarizer compensation segments and a number of partition polarizers corresponding to the number of the polarizer compensation segments; wherein,

[0016] The partition polarizer is connected to the polarizer compensation section;

[0017] The left-handed polarization port of the partition polarizer is connected to the first sum-and-difference network I, and is used to send the left-handed polarization signal emitted by the first duplexer I to the polarizer compensation section;

[0018] The right-handed polarization port of the partition polarizer is connected to the first sum-and-difference network II, and is used to send the right-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the polarizer compensation section; wherein,

[0019] The partition polarizer is further configured to send the polarization signal received from the polarizer compensation section to the first sum and difference network I or the first sum and difference network II.

[0020] In some practicable embodiments, the S feed horn is formed by cutting corners, and is an octagonal feed horn when viewed from top to bottom; wherein, there are four S feed horns, and the four S feed horns enclose the Q / V corrugated horn.

[0021] In some practicable embodiments, the second duplexer includes a second duplexer I and a second duplexer II, wherein:

[0022] The second duplexer I is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send left-hand polarized signals;

[0023] The second duplexer II is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send right-hand polarized signals;

[0024] The orthogonal device is connected to the second duplexer I and the second duplexer II, respectively, and is used to combine or separate two orthogonally polarized signals, and has a receiving mode and a transmitting mode. In the receiving mode, two independent polarized signals can be converted into two orthogonal polarized signals; in the transmitting mode, two signals are converted into orthogonal polarized signals.

[0025] The polarizer is used to convert orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals, or to separate TE11 mode signals into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals.

[0026] In some implementations, the tracker is a light-walled circular waveguide mode selective coupler, wherein:

[0027] When the antenna beam is aligned with a satellite, the tracker is used to receive a signal from the satellite, excite a fundamental mode signal, and send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer;

[0028] When the satellite deviates from the antenna beam axis, the tracker is used to receive the signal from the satellite and excite the fundamental mode signal and the higher-order mode signal, send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer, and send the higher-order mode signal to the difference signal synthesis network.

[0029] In some practicable embodiments, the differential signal synthesis network is connected to the tracker through a plurality of rectangular waveguide coupling hole arrays so that the differential signal synthesis network receives the high-order mode signal, couples out two orthogonal components, forms a circularly polarized differential mode signal, and outputs it.

[0030] In some implementations, the Q / V corrugated horn is a conical multi-mode corrugated horn.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for implementing a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed, which is applied to the aforementioned ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device, and the method includes:

[0032] When transmitting in the S-band:

[0033] Using the polarization switch, select left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal and send it to the corresponding first duplexer;

[0034] Using the corresponding first duplexer, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding first sum-and-difference network;

[0035] Using the corresponding first sum and difference network, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding polarizer component;

[0036] Using the corresponding polarizer assembly to control and isolate the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and using a square waveguide to perform polarization phase difference compensation processing to obtain the processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and output it to the S feed horn;

[0037] Using the S feed horn to send the processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal to the target;

[0038] When receiving signals in the S-band:

[0039] Utilizing the S feed horn, receiving the signal sent by the target and sending the signal to the polarizer assembly;

[0040] Using the polarizer component, compensating the signal sent by the target and outputting a left-hand polarized signal or a right-hand polarized signal to the corresponding first sum and difference network;

[0041] Processing the left-hand polarized signal or the right-hand polarized signal using the first sum-difference network to obtain an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, and a sum signal, and sending the sum signal to the corresponding first duplexer;

[0042] When transmitting in the V-band:

[0043] using a second duplexer to direct the transmit signal to the orthogonal device;

[0044] Using the orthogonalizer, orthogonalizing the transmit signal into two orthogonal linear polarization components, and sending the components to the polarizer;

[0045] The polarizer is used to convert the orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals;

[0046] Using a tracker, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal generated by the polarizer are sent to the Q / V corrugated speaker;

[0047] Using the Q / V corrugated horn, transmitting the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal to the satellite;

[0048] When receiving signals in the Q band:

[0049] Utilizing the Q / V corrugated horn, receiving the signal of the target satellite and exciting the fundamental mode and higher-order modes;

[0050] The tracker extracts the corresponding TE11 mode signal from the received fundamental mode as the main receiving mode, and transmits the TE11 mode signal to the polarizer.

[0051] Using the polarizer, separating the TE11 mode signal into a left-hand circularly polarized signal and a right-hand circularly polarized signal;

[0052] Using the orthogonal device, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal are separated into two orthogonal linearly polarized signals;

[0053] Using the first duplexer, the separated orthogonal linear polarization signals are directed to the receiving port to complete signal transmission;

[0054] The differential signal synthesis network is used to process the signals generated by the higher-order modes to form differential mode information in the pitch and azimuth directions;

[0055] The antenna beam direction is dynamically adjusted using the differential mode information.

[0056] Beneficial effect: The present application provides a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device, including an S-band dual-polarization feed network and a Q / V-band feed network, the S-band dual-polarization feed network including a polarization switch, a first duplexer, a first sum-and-difference network, a polarizer component, and an S feed horn, wherein the polarization switch is respectively connected to two of the first duplexers, each of the first duplexers is connected to the first sum-and-difference network, the output of one of the first sum-and-difference networks is connected to the left-handed polarization port of the polarizer component, and the output of the other first sum-and-difference network is connected to the left-handed polarization port of the polarizer component. The output is connected to the right-hand polarization port of the polarizer assembly, and each polarizer assembly is connected to an S-feed horn. The Q / V-band feed network includes a second duplexer, an orthogonalizer, a polarizer, a tracker, a difference signal synthesis network, and a Q / V corrugated horn. Two second duplexers are connected to the orthogonalizer, respectively. The polarizer is connected to the orthogonalizer and the tracker, respectively. The tracker is connected to the difference signal synthesis network and the Q / V corrugated horn, respectively. The S-feed horns are arranged around the Q / V corrugated horn. This structure not only enables selective transmission of left-hand and right-hand signals in the S-band, as well as frequency-division multiplexing reception of left-hand and right-hand signals, but also achieves dual-polarization transmission in the V-band and dual-polarization reception in the Q-band, achieving optimal utilization of space and signal transmission and reception efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0058] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the principle structure of an S-band dual-polarization feed network of a device for implementing an S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed for a ground station antenna in one embodiment;

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the Q / V band feed network structure principle of a device for implementing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feeds for a ground station antenna in one embodiment;

[0060] Figure 3 In one embodiment, a method for spatially arranging S, Q, and V multi-band feeds of a ground station antenna S, Q, and V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device is disclosed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] To facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings provide embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all couplings of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0063] It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc. used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element.

[0064] The following are some explanations of some terms involved in this application to facilitate understanding of this application:

[0065] Left-handed and right-handed are terms that describe the polarization direction of electromagnetic waves. They refer to the direction in which the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave rotates during propagation. For right-handed polarization, if the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave rotates clockwise from the observer's perspective as it propagates toward the observer, then this polarization is called right-handed polarization. Conversely, if the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave rotates counterclockwise from the observer's perspective, then this polarization is called left-handed polarization.

[0066] A feed network is a set of components and circuits that connect the antenna and the signal source (or receiver) in an antenna system.

[0067] A spacer polarizer is a device used to control the polarization state of a signal. It can convert a linearly polarized signal into a circularly polarized signal, or vice versa.

[0068] The polarizer compensation section compensates for any phase difference or amplitude imbalance introduced by the polarizer. This compensation ensures that the left-handed and right-handed polarized signals remain consistent in amplitude and phase.

[0069] RHCP, right-hand circular polarization.

[0070] LHCP, left-hand circular polarization, left-hand polarization.

[0071] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the first aspect, the present application provides a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device, the device including an S-band dual-polarization feed network and a Q / V-band feed network.

[0072] The S-band dual-polarization feed network includes a polarization switch, a first duplexer, a first sum-and-difference network, a polarizer assembly, and an S-feed horn.

[0073] Specifically, the polarization switch is respectively connected to two first duplexers, each of the first duplexers is connected to the first sum-and-difference network, the output of one first sum-and-difference network is connected to the left-handed polarization port of the polarizer component, and the output of the other first sum-and-difference network is connected to the right-handed polarization port of the polarizer component, and each polarizer component is connected to an S feed horn.

[0074] It should be noted that the polarization switch is used to select the polarization state of the signal, wherein the polarization state includes a left-hand polarized signal and a right-hand polarized signal;

[0075] The two first duplexers are respectively a first duplexer I and a first duplexer II. The first duplexer I is used to receive the left-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the left-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network I. The first duplexer II is used to receive the right-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the right-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network II. In addition, the first duplexer I is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network I, and the first duplexer II is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network II.

[0076] The first sum-and-difference network includes: a first sum-and-difference network I and a first sum-and-difference network II. The first sum-and-difference network I is configured to transmit the left-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer I to the plurality of polarizer assemblies, and is also configured to receive the left-handed polarized signals output by the plurality of polarizer assemblies; the first sum-and-difference network II is configured to transmit the right-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the plurality of polarizer assemblies, and is also configured to receive the right-handed polarized signals output by the plurality of polarizer assemblies.

[0077] The multiple polarizer assemblies include multiple polarizer compensation segments and baffle polarizers whose number corresponds to the polarizer compensation segments; wherein the baffle polarizer is connected to the polarizer compensation segment; the left-handed polarization port of the baffle polarizer is connected to the first sum and difference network I, and is used to send the left-handed polarization signal emitted by the first duplexer I to the polarizer compensation segment; the right-handed polarization port of the baffle polarizer is connected to the first sum and difference network II, and is used to send the right-handed polarization signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the polarizer compensation segment; wherein the baffle polarizer is also used to send the polarization signal received from the polarizer compensation segment to the first sum and difference network I or the first sum and difference network II.

[0078] The S feed horn is formed by cutting corners and is an octagonal feed horn when viewed from top to bottom; wherein, there are four S feed horns, and the four S feed horns surround the Q / V corrugated horn.

[0079] The Q / V band feed network includes a second duplexer, an orthogonalizer, a polarizer, a tracker, a difference signal synthesis network, and a Q / V corrugated horn.

[0080] Specifically, the two second duplexers are connected to the orthogonal device respectively, the polarizers are connected to the orthogonal device and the tracker respectively, and the tracker is connected to the difference signal synthesis network and the Q / V corrugated horn respectively.

[0081] It should be noted that the second duplexer includes a second duplexer I and a second duplexer II, wherein the second duplexer I is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send left-hand polarized signals; the second duplexer II is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send right-hand polarized signals; the orthogonal device is connected to the second duplexer I and the second duplexer II, respectively, and is used to merge or separate two orthogonally polarized signals, and has a receiving mode and a transmitting mode; wherein, in the receiving mode, two independent polarization signals can be converted into two orthogonal polarization signals; in the transmitting mode, two signals are converted into orthogonal polarization signals; the polarizer is used to convert the orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals, or to separate the TE11 mode signal into a left-hand circularly polarized signal and a right-hand circularly polarized signal.

[0082] The tracker is a light-walled circular waveguide mode selective coupler, wherein when the antenna beam is aimed at the satellite, the tracker is used to receive the signal from the satellite, excite the fundamental mode signal, and send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer; when the satellite deviates from the antenna beam axis, the tracker is used to receive the signal from the satellite, excite the fundamental mode signal and high-order mode signals, send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer, and send the high-order mode signal to the difference signal synthesis network.

[0083] The differential signal synthesis network is connected to the tracker through a plurality of rectangular waveguide coupling hole arrays so that the differential signal synthesis network receives the high-order mode signal, couples out two orthogonal components, forms a circularly polarized differential mode signal, and outputs it.

[0084] In one embodiment, the Q / V corrugated horn is a conical multi-mode corrugated horn.

[0085] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for implementing a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed, which is applied to the aforementioned ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed implementation device, and the method includes:

[0086] When transmitting in the S-band:

[0087] Using the polarization switch, select left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal and send it to the corresponding first duplexer;

[0088] Using the corresponding first duplexer, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding first sum-and-difference network;

[0089] Using the corresponding first sum and difference network, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding polarizer component;

[0090] Using the corresponding polarizer assembly to control and isolate the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and using a square waveguide to perform polarization phase difference compensation processing to obtain the processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and output it to the S feed horn;

[0091] The processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal is sent to the target using the S feed horn.

[0092] When receiving signals in the S-band:

[0093] Utilizing the S feed horn, receiving the signal sent by the target and sending the signal to the polarizer assembly;

[0094] Using the polarizer component, compensating the signal sent by the target and outputting a left-hand polarized signal or a right-hand polarized signal to the corresponding first sum and difference network;

[0095] The first sum-difference network is used to process the left-hand polarized signal or the right-hand polarized signal to obtain an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, and a sum signal, and the sum signal is sent to the corresponding first duplexer.

[0096] When transmitting in the V-band:

[0097] using a second duplexer to direct the transmit signal to the orthogonal device;

[0098] Using the orthogonalizer, orthogonalizing the transmit signal into two orthogonal linear polarization components, and sending the components to the polarizer;

[0099] The polarizer is used to convert the orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals;

[0100] Using a tracker, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal generated by the polarizer are sent to the Q / V corrugated speaker;

[0101] The Q / V corrugated horn is used to transmit left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals to a satellite.

[0102] When receiving signals in the Q band:

[0103] Utilizing the Q / V corrugated horn, receiving the signal of the target satellite and exciting the fundamental mode and higher-order modes;

[0104] The tracker extracts the corresponding TE11 mode signal from the received fundamental mode as the main receiving mode, and transmits the TE11 mode signal to the polarizer.

[0105] Using the polarizer, separating the TE11 mode signal into a left-hand circularly polarized signal and a right-hand circularly polarized signal;

[0106] Using the orthogonal device, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal are separated into two orthogonal linearly polarized signals;

[0107] Using the first duplexer, the separated orthogonal linear polarization signals are directed to the receiving port to complete signal transmission;

[0108] The differential signal synthesis network is used to process the signals generated by the higher-order modes to form differential mode information in the pitch and azimuth directions;

[0109] The antenna beam direction is dynamically adjusted using the differential mode information. Example

[0110] The present application provides a ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed realization device, the ground station antenna is a 13-meter Cassegrain dual-reflector antenna. The feed network mainly consists of S-band and Q / V-band feed networks, where the S feed is composed of four cut-angle pyramid horns, and its composition block diagram is shown as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0111] During S-band signal transmission, the polarization switch first selects the signal's transmit polarization direction, allowing for either left-handed polarization (LHCP) or right-handed polarization (RHCP) transmission. The transmit and receive signals are then combined or split through a duplexer and connected to a sum-and-difference network, ensuring that the transmitted signals are effectively directed to the appropriate transmission path, thereby transmitting right-handed or left-handed polarization signals, respectively.

[0112] After the signal enters the partition polarizer, it precisely controls the polarization of the left-handed or right-handed polarized signal and isolates the signal path to prevent interference between the transmitted and received signals. Furthermore, to optimize the signal's polarization characteristics, the polarizer's compensation section compensates for phase differences in the polarized signal using a precisely designed, custom square waveguide. This process effectively reduces polarization error and improves signal polarization performance, ensuring that the transmitted signal output to the cut-angle pyramid horn has an optimal polarization axial ratio.

[0113] Finally, the left-handed or right-handed polarized signal optimized through the above process is efficiently transmitted toward the target direction through the S-band feed horn, ensuring that the signal's energy concentration and directionality meet the requirements of satellite communications, while also improving the signal's stability and reliability in complex propagation environments.

[0114] During S-band signal reception, left-handedly polarized (LHCP) and right-handedly polarized (RHCP) signals are first received by the cut-angle pyramid horn. The received signals then enter the polarization compensation phase, where the system compensates for the signal's polarization characteristics to improve the received signal quality and polarization characteristics.

[0115] The compensated signal is then directed to the partition polarizer, which separates and processes the left-hand and right-hand polarized signals, respectively, and transmits the separated signals to the corresponding sum-and-difference network. In the sum-and-difference network, the left-hand and right-hand polarized signals are further resolved to generate the following three signals:

[0116] Elevation Difference Signal, R△EL (Elevation Difference Signal): reflects the vertical deviation of the received signal and is used to adjust the antenna pitch angle;

[0117] Azimuth Difference Signal (R△AZ): represents the deviation of the signal in the horizontal direction and is used to correct the antenna azimuth angle.

[0118] Sum Signal, R∑ (Sum Signal): Indicates the strength and main direction of the received signal, which is used to accurately locate the source of the target signal.

[0119] Finally, the generated sum signal is transmitted to the duplexer, which splits it into left-hand or right-hand receiving ports (S left-hand or S right-hand receiving) according to the polarization state of the signal, completing the reception and distribution of the signal.

[0120] Through this processing flow, the system can effectively separate, compensate and analyze left-handed and right-handed polarized signals, which not only improves the signal reception accuracy, but also provides key support for subsequent antenna adjustment and target locking, ensuring reliability and stability in complex communication environments.

[0121] In summary, the above method realizes the selective transmission of left-hand and right-hand signals in the S band, as well as the frequency division multiplexing reception of left-hand and right-hand signals.

[0122] The Q / V band feed network consists of a corrugated cone horn, a tracker, a difference signal synthesis network, a polarizer, an orthogonalizer, a duplexer, and a connecting waveguide. The Q / V band feed network block diagram is shown in the figure below. Figure 2 shown.

[0123] The Q- and V-band feed networks utilize a multimode circularly polarized feed system, with the core design based on the operating principle of a conical multimode corrugated horn. This achieves efficient signal transmission and reception by leveraging the field distribution and radiation characteristics of the fundamental and higher-order modes within the circular waveguide. In this design, the fundamental mode (HE11 mode) primarily forms the main beam pattern, concentrating signal energy in the main direction; while the higher-order mode (HE21 mode) forms a difference pattern, providing differential information away from the main beam direction.

[0124] When the antenna beam axis is precisely aligned with the target (satellite), the incoming signal excites only the fundamental mode (HE11 mode) in the conical corrugated horn, concentrating the signal transmission in the main direction. However, when the target deviates from the antenna beam axis, the incoming signal excites both the fundamental mode and higher-order modes (HE21 mode). In this case, the fundamental mode maintains the concentration of signal energy in the main direction, while the higher-order modes provide deviation information for subsequent beam correction and target tracking, ensuring the system's dynamic responsiveness.

[0125] To further optimize mode selection and signal separation, the Q / V-band feed network incorporates a light-walled circular waveguide mode-selective coupler (also known as a tracker). The tracker's through-arm allows only the TE11 mode signal to pass, effectively ensuring that the primary mode is the primary transmission and reception mode. Through its side arms, an array of eight rectangular waveguide coupling holes couples two orthogonal TE21 mode signals. These signals are then fed into a difference signal synthesis network to generate circularly polarized differential-mode signals in elevation and azimuth for real-time correction of the antenna beam direction.

[0126] In the main mode signal processing section, the TE11 mode signal output from the through-arm passes through a polarizer and an orthogonalizer. The polarizer converts the TE11 mode signal into left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signals, ensuring that the signal polarization characteristics meet the requirements of a dual-polarization system. The orthogonalizer further orthogonalizes the signals to form orthogonal components, optimizing signal processing efficiency. To achieve high isolation between transmit and receive signals, the system incorporates a duplexer. This precise path isolation significantly reduces interference between transmit and receive signals, improving system stability and reliability.

[0127] Through the above design, the Q / V band feed network successfully implements the working mechanism of a multi-mode circularly polarized feed. The V band supports the efficient transmission of dual-polarized signals. The energy concentration characteristics of the fundamental mode and the directional correction capabilities of the higher-order modes ensure the accuracy and coverage of the transmitted signal. In the Q band, the system can accurately separate and process the received signals, and dynamically adjust the antenna beam direction based on the directional deviation information generated by the differential mode signal to ensure the stability and accuracy of signal reception. This design fully demonstrates the advantages of multi-mode feeds in complex communication scenarios, improving system reliability while meeting the needs of multi-band, multi-polarization communications. Example

[0128] In multi-band feed design, since the center of each feed must be located at the center of the antenna axis, the layout of the feed horns must balance the needs of different frequency bands and rationally select which frequency bands' feed horns should be placed at the center of the antenna axis and which frequency bands' feed horns can be split and symmetrically arranged on the periphery. This layout not only affects the physical structure of the antenna system but also has a significant impact on the signal transmission and reception efficiency of each frequency band.

[0129] First, the S-band is primarily used for satellite tracking and control, and its communication requirements place relatively low demands on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) and G / T (Gain to Noise Temperature Ratio). Furthermore, the S-band feed horn is large and occupies a significant amount of space. Placing it at the center of the antenna axis would not only restrict the placement of feeds for other bands but could also reduce the overall system space efficiency. Therefore, the design splits the S-band feed horn into four smaller horns, symmetrically arranged around the periphery of the antenna axis.

[0130] In contrast, the Q / V bands are primarily used for high-speed data transmission, requiring higher performance in terms of EIRP and G / T. Furthermore, the smaller feed horn size in the Q / V bands allows for more efficient use of limited space. To meet performance requirements and maximize signal transmission efficiency, the Q / V band feed horn is placed directly at the center of the antenna axis. This layout not only ensures the high performance requirements of the Q / V bands but also provides spatial flexibility for implementing a shared antenna for multiple bands.

[0131] It should be noted that the hollow space formed by the four symmetrically arranged S-band feed horns is perfectly suited for mounting the Q / V-cone multimode corrugated horn. This design fully utilizes the feed space, making the antenna compact while integrating S-band and Q / V-band functions, achieving an optimal balance between space utilization and signal transmission and reception efficiency.

[0132] Through this feed arrangement, the system not only meets the functional requirements of the S-band and Q / V-band, but also maximizes the spatial layout, improves the overall performance of the multi-band antenna, and provides reliable protection for complex satellite communication applications.

[0133] In summary, the design of a certain high-orbit broadband communications satellite utilizes the Q / V band as the primary frequency band for tracking, control, and data transmission between satellite and ground, enabling high-speed data transmission and high-bandwidth communications. This choice leverages the Q / V band's advantages of abundant resources, wide bandwidth, and limited interference sources, significantly improving communication efficiency and capacity. However, due to the Q / V band's high sensitivity to atmospheric conditions and susceptibility to weather factors such as rain fade, which can lead to communication interruptions in extreme weather conditions, the system also incorporates the S band as a backup band for tracking and control. The S band's strong atmospheric penetration allows for stable satellite-to-ground communications in adverse weather conditions, providing reliable support for satellite tracking and control, thus compensating for the shortcomings of the Q / V band.

[0134] To meet the requirements for dual-polarization frequency reuse in the S, Q, and V frequency bands in satellite communications, this application comprehensively designs and optimizes the ground station antenna feed network. Specifically, the feed network supports communications in the S, Q, and V frequency bands simultaneously, and provides dual-polarization capabilities for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) for each frequency band. This design not only improves spectrum utilization efficiency but also makes signal transmission for satellite-to-ground communications more stable and efficient.

[0135] By implementing this multi-band, dual-polarization feed network, the system can flexibly adapt to complex communication environments: Under normal circumstances, the primary Q / V bands provide high-performance support for high-speed satellite-to-ground data transmission; under extreme conditions, the S band serves as an emergency measurement and control measure, ensuring the reliability and continuity of the communication link. Furthermore, the dual-polarization design of the feed network provides important technical support for multi-band signal separation, transmit-receive isolation, and enhanced anti-interference capabilities.

[0136] This solution, which targets the S, Q, and V multi-band dual-polarization frequency reuse requirements, successfully realizes the functional integration and performance optimization of multi-band communications between satellites and the ground, fully meets the comprehensive needs of high-orbit broadband communication satellites in measurement, control, and data transmission, and provides strong support for the stable operation and efficient communication of satellites.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0138] The various embodiments in the present disclosure are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0139] The scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the present disclosure is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed realization device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An S-band dual-polarization feed network includes a polarization switch, a first duplexer, a first sum-and-difference network, a polarizer assembly, and an S-feed horn, wherein the polarization switch is connected to two of the first duplexers respectively, each of the first duplexers is connected to the first sum-and-difference network, the output of one of the first sum-and-difference networks is connected to a left-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly, and the output of another of the first sum-and-difference networks is connected to a right-handed polarization port of the polarizer assembly, and each of the polarizer assemblies is connected to an S-feed horn; The Q / V band feed network includes a second duplexer, an orthogonalizer, a polarizer, a tracker, a difference signal synthesis network, and a Q / V corrugated horn, wherein the two second duplexers are respectively connected to the orthogonalizer, the polarizer is respectively connected to the orthogonalizer and the tracker, and the tracker is respectively connected to the difference signal synthesis network and the Q / V corrugated horn; wherein, The S feed horns are arranged around the Q / V corrugated horn.

2. The ground station antenna S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed realization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarization switch is used to select a polarization state of a signal, wherein the polarization state includes a left-hand polarized signal and a right-hand polarized signal; The two first duplexers are respectively a first duplexer I and a first duplexer II. The first duplexer I is used to receive the left-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the left-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network I. The first duplexer II is used to receive the right-handed polarized signal selected by the polarization switch and send the right-handed polarized signal to the first sum and difference network II. In addition, the first duplexer I is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network I, and the first duplexer II is also used to receive the sum signal sent by the first sum and difference network II.

3. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first sum and difference network comprises: The first sum-and-difference network 1 is configured to transmit the left-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer 1 to the plurality of polarizer assemblies, and to receive the left-handed polarized signals output by the plurality of polarizer assemblies; The first sum-and-difference network II, the first sum-and-difference network I is used to send the right-hand polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the multiple polarizer components, and is also used to receive the right-hand polarized signals output by the multiple polarizer components.

4. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of polarizer assemblies include a plurality of polarizer compensation segments and a number of partition polarizers corresponding to the number of the polarizer compensation segments; wherein, The partition polarizer is connected to the polarizer compensation section; The left-handed polarization port of the partition polarizer is connected to the first sum-and-difference network I, and is used to send the left-handed polarization signal emitted by the first duplexer I to the polarizer compensation section; The right-handed polarization port of the partition polarizer is connected to the first sum-and-difference network II, and is used to send the right-handed polarized signal emitted by the first duplexer II to the polarizer compensation section; wherein, The partition polarizer is further configured to send the polarization signal received from the polarizer compensation section to the first sum and difference network I or the first sum and difference network II.

5. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S feed horn is formed by cutting corners and is an octagonal feed horn when viewed from top to bottom; wherein, there are four S feed horns, and the four S feed horns surround the Q / V corrugated horn.

6. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second duplexer includes a second duplexer I and a second duplexer II, wherein: The second duplexer I is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send left-hand polarized signals; The second duplexer II is used to separate the transmit signal and the receive signal, and receive and send right-hand polarized signals; The orthogonal device is connected to the second duplexer I and the second duplexer II, respectively, and is used to combine or separate two orthogonally polarized signals, and has a receiving mode and a transmitting mode. In the receiving mode, two independent polarized signals can be converted into two orthogonal polarized signals; in the transmitting mode, two signals are converted into orthogonal polarized signals. The polarizer is used to convert orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals, or to separate TE11 mode signals into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals.

7. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tracker is a light-wall circular waveguide mode-selective coupler, wherein: When the antenna beam is aligned with a satellite, the tracker is used to receive a signal from the satellite, excite a fundamental mode signal, and send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer; When the satellite deviates from the antenna beam axis, the tracker is used to receive the signal from the satellite and excite the fundamental mode signal and the higher-order mode signal, send the fundamental mode signal to the polarizer, and send the higher-order mode signal to the difference signal synthesis network.

8. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The differential signal synthesis network is connected to the tracker through a plurality of rectangular waveguide coupling hole arrays so that the differential signal synthesis network receives the high-order mode signal, couples out two orthogonal components, forms a circularly polarized differential mode signal, and outputs it.

9. The device for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Q / V corrugated horn is a conical multi-mode corrugated horn.

10. A method for realizing S, Q, V multi-band dual-polarization feed of a ground station antenna, characterized in that: The device for realizing S, Q, and V multi-band dual-polarization feeds for a ground station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: When transmitting in the S-band: Using the polarization switch, select left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal and send it to the corresponding first duplexer; Using the corresponding first duplexer, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding first sum-and-difference network; Using the corresponding first sum and difference network, sending the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal to the corresponding polarizer component; Using the corresponding polarizer assembly to control and isolate the left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and using a square waveguide to perform polarization phase difference compensation processing to obtain the processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarized signal, and output it to the S feed horn; Using the S feed horn to send the processed left-handed or right-handed transmit polarization signal to the target; When receiving signals in the S-band: Utilizing the S feed horn, receiving the signal sent by the target and sending the signal to the polarizer assembly; Using the polarizer component, compensating the signal sent by the target and outputting a left-hand polarized signal or a right-hand polarized signal to the corresponding first sum and difference network; Processing the left-hand polarized signal or the right-hand polarized signal using the first sum-difference network to obtain an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, and a sum signal, and sending the sum signal to the corresponding first duplexer; When transmitting in the V-band: using a second duplexer to direct the transmit signal to the orthogonal device; Using the orthogonalizer, orthogonalizing the transmit signal into two orthogonal linear polarization components, and sending the components to the polarizer; The polarizer is used to convert the orthogonal linear polarization components into left-hand circular polarization signals and right-hand circular polarization signals; Using a tracker, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal generated by the polarizer are sent to the Q / V corrugated speaker; Using the Q / V corrugated horn, transmitting the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal to the satellite; When receiving signals in the Q band: Utilizing the Q / V corrugated horn, receiving the signal of the target satellite and exciting the fundamental mode and higher-order modes; The tracker extracts the corresponding TE11 mode signal from the received fundamental mode as the main receiving mode, and transmits the TE11 mode signal to the polarizer. Using the polarizer, separating the TE11 mode signal into a left-hand circularly polarized signal and a right-hand circularly polarized signal; Using the orthogonal device, the left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal are separated into two orthogonal linearly polarized signals; Using the first duplexer, the separated orthogonal linear polarization signals are directed to the receiving port to complete signal transmission; The differential signal synthesis network is used to process the signals generated by the higher-order modes to form differential mode information in the pitch and azimuth directions; The antenna beam direction is dynamically adjusted using the differential mode information.

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