Water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for regulating and controlling astragalus membranaceus nutrients

Abstract

The invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for regulating and controlling astragalus membranaceus nutrients, which comprises the following steps: mixing a compound fertilizer and an active compounding agent, applying the mixture as a base fertilizer into soil, and transplanting astragalus membranaceus into the soil for nutrient regulation and control, the fertilizer application proportion of the compound fertilizer is as follows: 15%-25% of N, 5%-15% of P2O5 and 5%-15% of K2O; the application ratio of the compound fertilizer to the active compound agent is (3-5): 1. By adopting an efficient regulation and control method of available nutrients of the compound fertilizer and the active compound agent, the nutrition required by the growth of the astragalus membranaceus can be met, the influence on the morbidity and characters of the astragalus membranaceus and the change of components such as glucoside is small under the condition that the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer can be improved, the fertilization mode is simplified, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is favorably improved; the two available nutrient fertilizers are combined with the microelement aqueous solution for foliage spraying, so that the root growth of the astragalus membranaceus can be further promoted, and according to the application of the microelement aqueous solution, under the condition that the fertilization amount is expected to be reduced, the purposes of reducing amount and increasing efficiency can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer application, and in particular to a water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for regulating nutrients of astragalus. Background Art

[0003] Astragalus membranaceus is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus membranaceus of the Leguminosae family. It is widely distributed, mainly in the northern region. Astragalus membranaceus likes coolness, is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, and is usually suitable for planting in sandy loam with a deep soil layer, rich in humus, and strong water permeability. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, Astragalus membranaceus has the effects of replenishing qi and strengthening the exterior, promoting diuresis and expelling toxins, and healing sores and promoting tissue regeneration. It is mainly used for the treatment of symptoms such as qi deficiency and fatigue, poor appetite and loose stools, sinking of the middle qi, spontaneous sweating due to exterior deficiency, edema due to qi deficiency, carbuncle ulceration, long-term ulceration, blood deficiency and jaundice, and internal heat and thirst. Since ancient times, Astragalus membranaceus has been used as a medicinal and edible plant, and the market demand for Astragalus membranaceus is increasing day by day. Studies have shown that the effective components of Chinese medicinal materials are greatly affected by fertilization technology, and it is of great significance to master modern fertilization technology to improve the quality of medicinal materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for regulating the nutrients of Astragalus, which adopts a high-efficiency regulation method of compound fertilizer and active compound agent fast-acting nutrients, can effectively meet the nutrition required for the growth of Astragalus, and has little effect on the incidence rate, properties and changes in components such as glycoside of Astragalus when the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced. It can effectively improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, simplify fertilization methods, reduce production costs, etc., and help to improve economic benefits.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0006] A method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Mix the compound fertilizer and active compound agent, apply them into the soil as base fertilizer, and then transplant the astragalus into the soil for nutrient regulation;

[0008] The fertilization ratio of the compound fertilizer is: N (nitrogen) is 15% to 25%, P 2 O 5 (phosphorus pentoxide) is 5% to 15%, K 2 O (potassium oxide) is 5% to 15%;

[0009] The active compound agent includes potassium humate and straw waste fermentation product;

[0010] The application ratio of the compound fertilizer to the active compound agent is 3-5:1.

[0011] A further scheme description is that the active compound comprises potassium humate and straw waste fermentation product in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-2, and the straw waste fermentation product comprises mixing and crushing straw waste, adjusting the moisture content and then naturally fermenting for 15-30 days.

[0012] A further description of the scheme is that the straw waste includes at least one of corn straw, soybean straw or sunflower straw; the moisture content is adjusted to 15% to 35%; the fermented product after natural fermentation is dried and granulated to a particle size of 5 to 8 mm, and then dried to a moisture content of less than 15% to obtain the straw waste fermented product.

[0013] A further description of the scheme is that it also includes foliar spraying of an aqueous solution of trace elements, wherein the formula of the aqueous solution of trace elements includes: 10-30 mg / kg zinc, 5-25 mg / kg copper, 40-60 mg / kg iron, 20-30 mg / kg manganese and 5-15 mg / kg boron.

[0014] A further solution description is that the zinc element includes zinc sulfate or zinc chloride, the copper element includes copper sulfate or copper chloride, the iron element includes ferrous sulfate, the manganese element includes manganese chloride, and the boron element includes borax.

[0015] Through experiments on the growth of astragalus seedlings with different trace element aqueous solution formulas, it was found that zinc, copper, iron, manganese and boron are involved in the growth process of astragalus and regulate the growth and development of astragalus. At the same time, using them within a certain concentration range can have a certain promoting effect on the further growth of astragalus branches, effectively ensuring that astragalus absorbs the nutrients needed for growth in a balanced manner and promoting the nutrient balance of astragalus growth.

[0016] A further solution is to spray the trace element aqueous solution once every 20 to 30 days after transplanting the Astragalus, for a total of 4 to 7 times.

[0017] A further solution is that the spraying amount of the trace element aqueous solution is 20-40 kg / hm 2 .

[0018] A further solution is that the amount of base fertilizer applied is 3000-4500 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0019] A further explanation of the scheme is that the fertilization ratio of the compound fertilizer is: N is 15% to 25%, P 2 O 5 5%~15%, K 2 O is 5% to 15%.

[0020] A further solution description is that the astragalus is 2 to 3 years old and is Mongolian astragalus (Astragalusmongholicus Bunge.).

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The invention adopts a highly efficient control method of the quick-acting nutrients of the compound fertilizer and the active compound agent, which can effectively meet the nutrition required for the growth of astragalus, and has little effect on the incidence rate, properties and changes in components such as methyl glycoside of astragalus when the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and can achieve the effects of effectively improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, simplifying the fertilization method, reducing production costs, etc., which is helpful to improve economic benefits; the trace element aqueous solution sprayed on the leaves in combination with the quick-acting nutrient fertilizer of the compound fertilizer and the active compound agent can promote the root growth of astragalus, increase the fresh root weight and nutritional value of astragalus, and according to the application of the trace element aqueous solution, it can be expected that the purpose of reducing the amount of fertilizer and increasing the efficiency can be achieved when the amount of fertilizer is reduced.

[0023] By using the fertilization technology of the present invention, the overall incidence of Astragalus is only 6.7% to 11.7%. Compared with CK, the incidence can be reduced by 15% to 20%. At the same time, the weight of fresh roots is increased. Compared with CK, the increase in fresh root weight can be increased by 9.0 to 14.5 g. The content of astragaloside IV is also increased. Compared with CK, the content of astragaloside IV can be increased by 37.5% to 48.4%. The quality of Astragalus can be effectively improved. The utilization effect of the fertilizer is obvious, the water consumption is reduced, and the local economic benefits are improved.

[0024] In addition, the formula of the trace element aqueous solution provided by the present invention shows that the use of zinc, copper, iron, manganese and boron within a certain range to participate in the growth process of astragalus can regulate the growth and development of astragalus, and has a certain promoting effect on the branches and further growth of astragalus, which helps to ensure that astragalus absorbs the nutrients required for growth in a balanced manner and promotes nutrient balance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The corn stalks are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 28% to 30%, naturally fermented for 30 days, dried and granulated to a particle size of 5 to 8 mm, and dried to a moisture content of less than 12% to obtain corn stalk waste fermentation product. The corn stalk waste fermentation product is added to the potassium humate according to a mass ratio of potassium humate to the corn stalk waste fermentation product of 4:1, and the active compound agent is obtained.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] The corn stalks are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 28% to 30%, naturally fermented for 25 days, dried and granulated to a particle size of 5 to 8 mm, and dried to a moisture content of less than 12% to obtain corn stalk waste fermentation product. The corn stalk waste fermentation product is added to the potassium humate according to a mass ratio of potassium humate to the corn stalk waste fermentation product of 4:2, and the active compound agent is obtained.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] The soybean straw is crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 28% to 30%, naturally fermented for 30 days, dried and granulated to a particle size of 5 to 8 mm, and dried to a moisture content of less than 12% to obtain soybean straw waste fermentation product. The soybean straw waste fermentation product is added to the potassium humate according to a mass ratio of potassium humate to the soybean straw waste fermentation product of 4:1, and the active compound agent is obtained.

[0034] Example 4 - Treatment Zone Test

[0035] Two-year-old Mongolian Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge.) was selected as the experimental material, with a transplanting row spacing of 30 cm and an area of ​​20 m2 per treatment area. 2 , a total of 5 processing are set, as follows:

[0036] Treatment area 1: Fertilizer application rate is 4000kg / hm 2 The ingredients of the compound fertilizer used are NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 18-10-10, Example 1 active compound agent, wherein 20% of the potassium source is provided by the active compound agent, and the remaining 80% of the potassium source, 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer are provided by the compound fertilizer. The active compound agent and the compound fertilizer are applied once as base fertilizer during land preparation.

[0037] Treatment area 2: Reduce the fertilizer application rate by 15% based on treatment area 1, specifically 3400 kg / hm 2 The ingredients of the compound fertilizer used are NP 2 O 5 -K 2O ratio is 18-10-10, Example 1 active compound agent, wherein 20% of the potassium source is provided by the active compound agent, and the remaining 80% of the potassium source, 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer, and 100% of the phosphate fertilizer are provided by the compound fertilizer. The active compound agent and the compound fertilizer are applied once as base fertilizer during land preparation.

[0038] Treatment area 3: Add trace elements to the same fertilizer application as treatment area 1, with a specific fertilizer application rate of 4000 kg / hm 2 The ingredients of the compound fertilizer used are NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 18-10-10, Example 1 active compound, wherein 20% potassium source is provided by the active compound, and the remaining 80% potassium source, 100% nitrogen fertilizer, and 100% phosphate fertilizer are provided by compound fertilizer. The active compound and compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at one time during land preparation, and the trace element aqueous solution is sprayed on the leaves every 20 days after transplanting, for a total of 5 times, each time 30kg / hm 2 ;

[0039] The formula of trace element aqueous solution is: zinc sulfate 20 mg / kg, copper sulfate 15 mg / kg, ferrous sulfate 50 mg / kg, manganese chloride 30 mg / kg, borax 10 mg / kg.

[0040] Treatment area 4: Fertilizer application rate is 4000kg / hm 2 The ingredients of the compound fertilizer used are NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 18-18-18, and compound fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer during land preparation.

[0041] Treatment area 5: The control group, no fertilizer treatment was performed.

[0042] The above treatment started on March 22, 2022. The field management of each treatment area was the same. During the period, intertillage and weeding were carried out once. The experiment ended on October 18 of the same year. The incidence rate of each treatment area was counted, and astragalus with consistent growth was selected, and the average fresh root weight was recorded. The content of astragaloside A in astragalus was determined according to the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method of the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The results are as follows:

[0043] Table 1 Results of incidence rate, fresh root weight and methyl glycoside content of Astragalus membranaceus in each treatment area

[0044]

[0045] As shown in Table 1, the incidence and fresh root weight of Astragalus membranaceus in each treatment area were affected differently by the use of different fertilizers. Compared with the use of balanced compound fertilizer alone, the use of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K2 O 18-10-10) combined with the active compound quick-acting nutrient fertilizer, the overall incidence of Astragalus was low, and the fresh root weight was heavy, with an incidence of only 6.7% to 11.7%, especially in treatment area 3, where the incidence of Astragalus was further reduced by 3.3% compared with treatment area 1, and the fresh root weight increased by 4.6g compared with treatment area 1. Compared with treatment area 3, treatment area 2 reduced fertilizer application by 15% under the quick-acting nutrient fertilizer treatment, and the two had little effect on the incidence and fresh root weight of Astragalus, indicating that the use of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O 18-10-10) The treatment of fast-acting nutrient fertilizers combined with active compound agents can reduce the amount of fertilizer applied.

[0046] As shown in Table 1, compared with CK, the content of astragaloside IV after fertilization treatment increased by 21.7% to 48.4%. Compared with the use of balanced compound fertilizer alone, the use of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O 18-10-10) Combined with the treatment of quick-acting nutrient fertilizer with active compound agent, the astragaloside content in treatment areas 1 and 2 increased by 15.2% and 12.9%, respectively, and in treatment area 3 it increased by 21.9%. In the initial stage, the potassium content in the soil is relatively high, and most of the potassium is mainly accumulated in the roots. With the rapid growth of astragalus, nutrients are mainly used to supply the growth of stems and leaves, while the potassium content in the roots decreases. The application of compound fertilizer and active compound agent can supplement the growth of roots with appropriate nutrients and promote the accumulation of biomass in the roots. At the same time, the foliar application of specific trace elements changes the response pattern of the astragalus root system to other nutrients, accelerates the transport of nutrients from the aboveground part to the astragalus root system, and further promotes the bioaccumulation of the astragalus root system.

[0047] In summary, the efficient regulation method of fast-acting nutrients using compound fertilizers and active compound agents can effectively meet the nutritional needs of Astragalus for growth. When the amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, it has little effect on the incidence, properties, and changes in components such as glycosides of Astragalus. It can effectively improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, simplify fertilization methods, and reduce production costs, which is helpful to improve economic benefits. The fast-acting nutrient fertilizers of compound fertilizers and active compound agents combined with foliar spraying of trace element aqueous solutions can promote the root growth of Astragalus, increase the fresh root weight and nutritional value of Astragalus. According to the application of trace element aqueous solutions, it can be expected that the purpose of reducing the amount of fertilizer and increasing the efficiency can be achieved when the amount of fertilizer is reduced.

[0048] Example 5 - Single Factor Experiment

[0049] One-year-old Mongolian Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge.) seedlings were used as test materials for a potted experiment. The trace element aqueous solution was sprayed on the leaves once a month for a total of 4 times. Sampling statistics were conducted 20 days after the final spraying. The formula of the trace element aqueous solution and the growth results of the Astragalus seedlings were statistically analyzed as follows:

[0050] Table 2 Formula of each trace element aqueous solution

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Table 3 Effects of various trace element aqueous solution formulas on the growth of astragalus seedlings

[0054]

[0055] It can be seen from Table 3 above that different trace element aqueous solution formulas have different degrees of influence on the growth of Astragalus seedlings. Among them, formulas 1 and 2 have a more obvious effect on the growth of Astragalus seedling branches, which helps to ensure that Astragalus absorbs the nutrients required for growth in a balanced manner and promotes nutrient balance. It also shows that the use of zinc, copper, iron, manganese and boron in a certain range to participate in the growth process of Astragalus can regulate the growth and development of Astragalus, and has a certain effect on promoting the further growth of Astragalus branches.

[0056] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus, characterized in that: The steps include: Mix the compound fertilizer and active compound agent, apply them into the soil as base fertilizer, and then transplant the astragalus into the soil for nutrient regulation; The fertilization ratio of the compound fertilizer is: N is 15% to 25%, P2O5 is 5% to 15%, and K2O is 5% to 15%; The active compound agent includes potassium humate and straw waste fermentation product; The application ratio of the compound fertilizer to the active compound agent is 3-5:

1.

2. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active compound comprises potassium humate and straw waste fermentation product in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-2. The straw waste fermentation product is obtained by mixing and crushing straw waste, adjusting the moisture content and then naturally fermenting for 15-30 days.

3. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straw waste includes at least one of corn straw, soybean straw or sunflower straw; the moisture content is adjusted to 15% to 35%; the fermented product after natural fermentation is dried and granulated to a particle size of 5 to 8 mm, and then dried to a moisture content of less than 15% to obtain the straw waste fermented product.

4. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes spraying a trace element aqueous solution on the leaves, wherein the trace element aqueous solution formula includes: 10-30 mg / kg zinc, 5-25 mg / kg copper, 40-60 mg / kg iron, 20-30 mg / kg manganese and 5-15 mg / kg boron.

5. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The zinc element includes zinc sulfate or zinc chloride, the copper element includes copper sulfate or copper chloride, the iron element includes ferrous sulfate, the manganese element includes manganese chloride, and the boron element includes borax.

6. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: After transplanting Astragalus, spray the trace element aqueous solution once every 20 to 30 days, for a total of 4 to 7 times.

7. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spraying amount of the trace element aqueous solution is 20-40 kg / hm 2 .

8. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of base fertilizer applied is 3000-4500 kg / hm 2 .

9. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization ratio of the compound fertilizer is: N is 15% to 25%, P2O5 is 5% to 15%, and K2O is 5% to 15%.

10. The method for saving water and fertilizer by regulating the nutrients of Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The astragalus is 2 to 3 years old, and is Mongolian astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge.).

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