Method for detecting, preventing and treating rust disease of populus euphratica

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting, preventing and treating rust disease of populus euphratica. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a Chinese prickly ash extract from Chinese prickly ash branches and Chinese prickly ash leaves; preparing radix sophorae flavescentis extract liquid from dry radix sophorae flavescentis roots; mixing and compounding the pepper extract liquid, the radix sophorae flavescentis extract liquid, 15% triadimefon wettable powder, calcium lignosulphonate, chitosan and urea to obtain the populus euphratica rust disease control agent. And spraying the populus euphratica with the prepared populus euphratica rust disease control agent. And measuring the Fv / Fm value of the leaf to be measured by using a chlorophyll luminoscope, carrying out statistical analysis on the obtained Fv / Fm value, and obtaining the Fv / Fm value range of the healthy leaf and the diseased leaf for subsequently judging the health condition of the populus euphratica according to the Fv / Fm value. The invention provides a simple and effective detection method by utilizing chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of populus euphratica leaves, and provides a certain basis for controlling the spread of rust diseases; the invention further provides a control method for the rust disease of the populus euphratica, and the prepared control agent for the rust disease of the populus euphratica has an excellent control effect and can effectively control occurrence or spreading of the rust disease.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control, and more specifically, relates to a method for detecting and preventing poplar rust. Background Art

[0002] Populus euphratica Oliv. is a plant of the genus Populus, Magnoliaceae, Malpuriales, Salicaceae, and Angiosperms. It is a deciduous medium-sized natural tree with a diameter of up to 1.5 meters and broad and fragrant leaves. It is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and has a tenacious life, making it one of the rare tree species in nature. Populus euphratica in my country is distributed in the desert Gobi areas of the northwest region. Populus euphratica interacts with the arid and saline-alkali environment in which it lives, forming special biological characteristics. The changes in its roots, leaves, branches, cells, and reproduction make it suitable for growth in sandy soils. It is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resistant, wind-resistant, and barren-resistant. It is the only deciduous tall tree that can grow in the desert. Populus euphratica rust is one of the important diseases of Populus euphratica seedlings and young forests, and is mainly distributed in the desert areas of northwest China. The pathogen is Melampsora pruinosae Tranz, Basidiomycetes, Puccinellales, and Melampsora pruinosae Tranz. The infected leaves initially show yellow-green dots, which gradually expand into yellow-white, reddish-brown blisters in the center. Soon the blisters burst, revealing orange-yellow summer spores. Later, reddish-brown, waxy winter spores form around the summer spores. Populus euphratica rust seriously harms the cultivation and production of poplars and seriously damages the ecological environment in my country's desert areas. Therefore, it is of great significance to study simple and effective methods for detecting and preventing poplar rust. Summary of the invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0004] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages of the present invention, a method for preventing and controlling poplar rust is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Preparation of Populus euphratica rust control agent:

[0006] S11, crushing the dried young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, mixing them with dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, placing them in a container, adding water for boiling, and obtaining a Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract;

[0007] S12, crushing the dried root of Sophora flavescens, placing it in a container, adding water for decoction, and obtaining a Sophora flavescens extract;

[0008] S13, mixing the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract and the Sophora flavescens extract to obtain a plant extract, adding 15% triadimefon wettable powder to the plant extract, stirring evenly, and then adding calcium lignin sulfonate, chitosan and urea, stirring evenly to obtain a Populus euphratica rust control agent;

[0009] S2. Spraying the poplars with the poplar rust control agent prepared in S1.

[0010] Preferably, in S11, the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are crushed to 50-100 meshes; the mass ratio of the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum to the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is 3-5:1-3; and the mass ratio of the total mass of the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum to water is 1:8-12.

[0011] Preferably, in S12, the dried root of Sophora flavescens is crushed to 50-100 mesh; and the mass ratio of the dried root of Sophora flavescens to water is 1:6-10.

[0012] Preferably, in S11, the specific method of decoction is: continue to boil for 30 to 60 minutes after the water boils, filter, set the filtrate aside, repeat adding water and boiling twice, each time continue to boil for 30 to 60 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrate, cool naturally, and obtain the prickly ash extract; in S12, the specific method of decoction is: continue to boil for 20 to 40 minutes after the water boils, filter, set the filtrate aside, repeat adding water and boiling twice, each time continue to boil for 20 to 40 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrate, cool naturally, and obtain the sophora flavescens extract.

[0013] Preferably, in S13, the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract and the Sophora flavescens extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 4-6:0.5-2; 15% triadimefon wettable powder is added to the plant extract at a concentration of 1500-3000 times; the added amount of chitosan is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extract, the added amount of urea is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extract, and the added amount of calcium lignin sulfonate is 0.1-1wt% of the plant extract.

[0014] Preferably, in said S2, the spraying amount of the spraying treatment is the dripping amount of the tree body, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 2 to 5 times in succession.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for detecting poplar rust, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1, randomly selecting leaves from the same parts of healthy Populus euphratica plants and Populus euphratica plants infected with rust as leaves to be tested;

[0017] Step 2: Use a chlorophyll fluorescence instrument to measure the Fv / Fm value (PSII maximum photochemical efficiency) of the leaves to be tested, select the middle part of the leaves for measurement, and repeat 5 times;

[0018] Step 3: Perform statistical analysis on the obtained Fv / Fm values ​​to obtain the Fv / Fm value ranges of healthy leaves and diseased leaves, which will be used to subsequently determine the health status of the Populus euphratica based on the Fv / Fm values.

[0019] Preferably, in step 2, the leaves to be tested are dark-adapted for 20 to 35 minutes before the test.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the light intensity is measured at 1 μmol·m -2 s -1 , saturation pulse intensity 8000 μmol·m -2 s -1 , irradiation for 800ms.

[0021] Preferably, the measured Fv / Fm value of healthy leaves is in the range of 0.79 to 0.86, and the Fv / Fm value of diseased leaves is less than 0.79.

[0022] The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects: the present invention explores the influence of poplar rust on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of poplar leaves through the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of poplar leaves, provides a simple and effective detection method, and provides a certain basis for controlling the spread of the disease; further, the present invention also provides a method for preventing and controlling poplar rust, wherein Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches and leaves are used as the main ingredients, and Sophora flavescens is used as the auxiliary ingredient to prepare a plant extract, which is mixed with calcium lignin sulfonate, chitosan and urea, and is compounded with a conventional rust control agent triadimefon to prepare a poplar rust control agent, wherein the components have a synergistic effect, can effectively control the occurrence or spread of rust, have excellent control effects, and the preparation method is simple, can improve the efficacy of triadimefon, reduce the amount of triadimefon used, reduce pesticide residues, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for preventing and treating poplar rust comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1. Preparation of Populus euphratica rust control agent:

[0029] S11, crush the dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum twigs into 50 mesh, mix them with dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves in a mass ratio of 3:2, put them in a casserole, add water in a material-liquid ratio of 1:10 for decoction, boil until the water boils and then continue to simmer for 40 minutes, filter, and reserve the filtrate, repeat the boiling twice, each time continue to simmer for 40 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrate, cool naturally, and obtain a Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract;

[0030] S12, crush the dried root of Sophora flavescens into 50 mesh, put it in a casserole, add water at a material-liquid ratio of 1:8 for decoction, boil until the water boils and then continue to simmer for 30 minutes, filter, and reserve the filtrate, repeat the boiling twice, each time continue to simmer for 30 minutes after the water boils, combine the filtrate, and cool naturally to obtain a Sophora flavescens extract;

[0031] S13, the prickly ash extract and the sophora flavescens extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a plant extract, 15% triadimefon wettable powder is added to the plant extract at a concentration of 2000 times, the mixture is stirred evenly, calcium lignin sulfonate, chitosan and urea are added, the mixture is stirred evenly, and a poplar rust control agent is obtained; wherein the amount of chitosan added is 0.05wt% of the plant extract, the amount of urea added is 0.05wt% of the plant extract, and the amount of calcium lignin sulfonate added is 0.5wt% of the plant extract;

[0032] S2. Use the poplar rust control agent prepared in S1 to spray poplars: At the end of May, 40 poplars with basically the same growth conditions were randomly selected from a two-year-old poplar nursery as the treatment group and the control group, with 20 plants in each group. The treatment group was sprayed with the control agent at a rate of dripping water from the tree, once every 15 days, for 3 consecutive times. The control group did not use the control agent (pure water was used instead). After mid-August, it was observed that only a few leaves of the poplars in the treatment group had sporadic dot-like lesions, which was significantly less than that in the control group.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] In this embodiment, Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves are not used, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches are used to replace Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches and Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves in equal amounts; the remaining steps are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] In this embodiment, the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are not used, and the young branches and leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are replaced in equal amounts by Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves; the remaining steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] In this embodiment, no Sophora flavescens extract was added, and the remaining steps were the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0039] Example 5

[0040] In this embodiment, chitosan is not added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0041] Example 6

[0042] In this embodiment, triadimefon is not added, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] In this comparative example, the preparation method of the poplar rust control agent is as follows: according to the concentration of 2000 times the liquid, 50g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder is weighed and added to 100kg of water, and stirred evenly to obtain the poplar rust control agent; the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1, and it is observed that about 1 / 3 of the leaves of the poplars in the treatment group (sprayed with the poplar rust control agent prepared in this comparative example) have flaky or dotted spots, and the number of leaves with spots is more than that of the treatment groups of Examples 1 to 5, and less than that of the control group.

[0045] Example 7

[0046] A method for detecting poplar rust disease comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: In a two-year-old poplar nursery, 50 leaves were randomly selected from the same parts of healthy plants and plants infected with rust as test leaves;

[0048] Step 2: The leaves to be tested were dark-adapted for 30 min, and then the F of the leaves was measured using a Dual-PAM-100 (Walz, Germany) modulated chlorophyll fluorescence instrument. v / F m Value, measured light intensity 1μmol·m -2 s -1 , saturation pulse intensity 8000 μmol·m -2 s -1 , irradiation for 800ms, the middle of the leaf was selected for measurement, repeated 5 times;

[0049] Step 3: Get F v / F m The values ​​were statistically analyzed according to F v / F m The F value of the healthy leaves was used to determine the health of the Populus euphratica. v / F m The value is in the range of 0.79 to 0.86, and the F v / F m Value <0.79.

[0050] According to the detection method of Example 7, chlorophyll fluorescence detection was performed on the leaves of the treatment groups and the control group of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 to obtain F v / Fm The health status of each group of Populus euphratica was determined by F value, which was used to illustrate the control effect of the control methods of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 on Populus euphratica rust. Each group randomly selected 80 leaves from the same part (4 leaves per Populus euphratica) as the leaves to be tested, and the F value was measured. v / F m Value, according to the formula: disease rate = (number of diseased leaves / total number of test leaves in this group) * 100%, the disease rate of each group is calculated as shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the poplar rust control agent prepared by Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention has excellent control effect on poplar rust, among which Example 1 has the best control effect and the lowest disease rate. The present invention finds that the extracts of Zanthoxylum branches and leaves have excellent antibacterial activity against the pathogen of poplar rust, Puccinia pulex, and the extract of Sophora flavescens can inhibit spore germination. The plant extract prepared by mixing the two can further enhance its inhibitory effect on the pathogen of poplar rust; chitosan can promote the growth and reproduction of plants, and also has a certain antibacterial effect; the above raw materials are compounded with the nutritional supplement urea, the dispersant calcium lignin sulfonate, and the rust control agent triadimefon, which has a synergistic effect, can effectively control the occurrence or spread of rust, has excellent control effect, and the disease rate is reduced to 5%.

[0051] Table 1

[0052]

[0053] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating Populus euphratica rust, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of Populus euphratica rust control agent: S11, crushing the dried young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, mixing them with dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, placing them in a container, adding water for boiling, and obtaining a Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract; S12, crushing the dried root of Sophora flavescens, placing it in a container, adding water for decoction, and obtaining a Sophora flavescens extract; S13, mixing the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract and the Sophora flavescens extract to obtain a plant extract, adding 15% triadimefon wettable powder to the plant extract, stirring evenly, and then adding calcium lignin sulfonate, chitosan and urea, stirring evenly to obtain a Populus euphratica rust control agent; S2. Spraying the poplars with the poplar rust control agent prepared in S1.

2. The method for preventing and controlling Populus euphratica rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S11, the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum are crushed to 50-100 meshes; the mass ratio of the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum to the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is 3-5:1-3; the mass ratio of the total mass of the young branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum to the mass ratio of water is 1:8-12.

3. The method for preventing and controlling Populus euphratica rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S12, the dried root of Sophora flavescens is crushed to 50-100 mesh; and the mass ratio of the dried root of Sophora flavescens to water is 1:6-10.

4. The method for preventing and controlling Populus euphratica rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S11, the specific method of decoction is: continue to boil for 30 to 60 minutes after the water boils, filter, set aside the filtrate, repeat the boiling twice, continue to boil for 30 to 60 minutes each time after the water boils, combine the filtrate, cool naturally, and obtain the prickly ash extract; in the S12, the specific method of decoction is: continue to boil for 20 to 40 minutes after the water boils, filter, set aside the filtrate, repeat the boiling twice, continue to boil for 20 to 40 minutes each time after the water boils, combine the filtrate, cool naturally, and obtain the sophora flavescens extract.

5. The method for preventing and controlling Populus euphratica rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S13, the Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract and the Sophora flavescens extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 4-6:0.5-2; 15% triadimefon wettable powder is added to the plant extract in a concentration of 1500-3000 times; the added amount of chitosan is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extract, the added amount of urea is 0.02-0.1wt% of the plant extract, and the added amount of calcium lignin sulfonate is 0.1-1wt% of the plant extract.

6. The method for preventing and controlling Populus euphratica rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S2, the spraying amount of the spraying treatment is the dripping water from the tree body, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 2 to 5 times in succession.

7. A method for detecting poplar rust, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, randomly selecting leaves from the same parts of healthy Populus euphratica plants and Populus euphratica plants infected with rust as leaves to be tested; Step 2: Use a chlorophyll fluorescence meter to measure the Fv / Fm value of the leaf to be tested, select the middle part of the leaf for measurement, and repeat 5 times; Step 3: Perform statistical analysis on the obtained Fv / Fm values ​​to obtain the Fv / Fm value ranges of healthy leaves and diseased leaves, which are used to determine the health status of Populus euphratica based on the Fv / Fm values.

8. A method for detecting Populus euphratica rust according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 2, before the measurement, the leaves to be measured are dark-adapted for 20 to 35 minutes.

9. A method for detecting poplar rust as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the light intensity is measured at 1 μmol·m -2 s -1 , saturation pulse intensity 8000 μmol·m -2 s -1 , irradiation for 800ms.

10. The method for detecting poplar rust according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measured Fv / Fm values ​​of healthy leaves were in the range of 0.79 to 0.86, and the Fv / Fm value of diseased leaves was <0.79.

Images