Feed for white feather parent breeding ducks and preparation process of feed

Abstract

The invention provides a white feather parent breeding duck feed and a preparation technology thereof, and belongs to the technical field of duck feed preparation. The preparation process comprises the following steps: preparing a compound fermentation strain; preparing an ulva lactuca-paper mulberry composite fermented product; preparing a Chinese herbal medicine compound extract; preparing calcium source composite slow-release particles; and preparing the feed for the breeding ducks. The breeding duck feed prepared by mixing the ulva lactuca-broussonetia papyrifera compound leavening, the corn starch, the soybean meal, the puffed soybean meal, the sodium chloride, the Chinese herbal medicine compound extract, the calcium source compound slow-release particles, the compound vitamins and the single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate can be used for feeding white feather parent breeding ducks in a breeding period; therefore, the egg yield and the hatching egg quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of duck feed preparation, and in particular to white-feather parent-generation breeding duck feed and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of modern breeding industry, white-feathered ducks have been widely bred around the world due to their advantages such as fast growth, delicious meat and strong adaptability. As the basis of meat duck production, the health status and reproductive performance of white-feathered parent ducks directly affect the economic benefits and sustainable development of the meat duck breeding industry.

[0003] In the breeding process of white-feathered parent-generation ducks, the quality of feed plays a vital role. High-quality feed can not only meet the various nutrients required for the growth and reproduction of ducks, but also improve the immunity and disease resistance of ducks, ensure the health of ducks, and thus improve the quality of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and the survival rate and growth performance of ducklings. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of white-feathered broiler duck breeding, the market demand for high-quality duck feed has also increased.

[0004] However, there are still some problems with the white-feathered parent-generation breeder duck feed on the market. On the one hand, the nutritional ratio of some feeds is not scientific and reasonable. During the breeding cycle, the demand for nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals increases. However, some existing feeds fail to accurately match these needs, resulting in insufficient nutritional intake of breeder ducks. Insufficient nutrition can cause breeder ducks to grow slowly and their reproductive performance to decline, such as reduced egg production and reduced egg quality. On the other hand, there are also some unreasonable aspects in the use of additives in feed. In order to pursue short-term growth effects or disease prevention, some feeds excessively add antibiotics and other drug additives, which may not only cause breeder ducks to develop drug resistance, but also cause drug residues in duck meat and eggs, endangering the health of consumers, and also polluting the environment.

[0005] Therefore, we proposed a white-feathered parent duck feed and its preparation process that can be used to improve egg production and egg quality during the breeding cycle. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a white-feathered parent-generation breeding duck feed and a preparation process thereof.

[0007] A preparation process of white-feather parent-generation breeding duck feed comprises the following steps: S1: Preparation of composite fermentation strains After activating Bacillus tequila and Rhodotorula glutinosus, they were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 in terms of the number of live bacteria to prepare a composite fermentation strain; S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product The paper mulberry leaf powder and ulva pulp are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1, saccharin and stevia are added as fermentation raw materials, and then a composite fermentation strain is inoculated for fermentation to prepare an ulva-paper mulberry composite fermentation product; S3: Preparation of Chinese herbal compound extracts 3-5 parts by weight of astragalus, 2-3 parts by weight of epimedium, 1-2 parts by weight of leonurus, 2-3 parts by weight of angelica, 3-5 parts by weight of hawthorn and 2-3 parts by weight of dried tangerine peel are ground and mixed, and then deionized water is added for decoction to prepare a Chinese herbal medicine composite extract; S4: Preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles Wheat alcohol-soluble protein is mixed with a calcium source, and then carboxymethyl chitosan solution and calcium chloride solution are added to obtain a mixed dispersion system, and the mixed dispersion system is stirred, evaporated, and freeze-dried to prepare calcium source composite sustained-release particles; S5: Preparation of breeder duck feed Nicotinic acid and L-malic acid are used as raw materials to prepare single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate, and then 20-30 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 60-70 parts by weight of corn starch, 10-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 3-5 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 1-2 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 5-8 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 12-13 parts by weight of calcium source composite slow-release particles, 3-5 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate are mixed to prepare breeding duck feed.

[0008] Furthermore, step S1 of preparing the composite fermentation strain specifically comprises the following steps: S1.1: Take out the Bacillus tekila from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put them into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 -10 9 CFU / mL of Bacillus tekila suspension, taking the suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into LB medium, the inoculation amount is 1-2% of the total mass of the LB medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200-230r / min for 18-24h to obtain Bacillus tekila liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain an activated Bacillus tekila liquid; S1.2: Take out the red yeast from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put it into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 -10 9CFU / mL of red yeast suspension, taking up the bacterial suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into TYC medium, the inoculation amount is 1-2% of the total mass of the TYC medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200-230r / min for 18-24h to obtain red yeast liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain activated red yeast liquid; S1.3: The activated Bacillus tequila liquid and the activated Rhodotorula glutinosus liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a composite fermentation strain, wherein the concentration of Bacillus tequila was 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the concentration of red yeast was 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0009] Furthermore, step S2, the preparation of the Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, specifically comprises the following steps: S2.1: Rinse fresh ulva with clean water to remove impurities, drain and cut into sections, and crush into slurry to obtain ulva slurry, crush paper mulberry leaves and pass through a 100-120 mesh sieve, then mix the sieved paper mulberry leaf powder with the ulva slurry in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed system, add saccharin and stevia to the mixed system, sterilize, and obtain a fermentation raw material; S2.2: The moisture content of the fermentation raw material is maintained at 40-50%, and then 0.6-0.8% of the total weight of the fermentation raw material is inoculated with a composite fermentation strain, and then fermented at 36-37°C for 5-7 days. After the fermentation is completed, a composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperberry is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the preparation of the herbal compound extract in step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: S3.1: Grind 3-5 parts by weight of astragalus, 2-3 parts by weight of epimedium, 1-2 parts by weight of motherwort, 2-3 parts by weight of angelica, 3-5 parts by weight of hawthorn and 2-3 parts by weight of tangerine peel, and pass through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine powder; S3.2: Mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine powder with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20-22 parts by weight, boil for 20-40 minutes, filter to obtain a primary extract, mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine residue with deionized water again in a ratio of 1:20-22 parts by weight, boil for 20-40 minutes, filter to obtain a filtrate, combine the two filtrates, and obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine extract; S3.3: The Chinese herbal compound extract is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.18 by a rotary evaporator, the extract is placed in an oven at 50-60°C and dried to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain a Chinese herbal compound extract.

[0011] Furthermore, step S4 of preparing calcium source composite sustained-release particles specifically comprises the following steps: S4.1: adding 13-15 parts by weight of wheat prolamin to 100-130 parts by weight of 65-70 wt% ethanol solution, stirring to dissolve for 10-20 min, and then centrifuging at 4000-5000 r / min, 4-5° C. for 10-12 min to obtain a wheat prolamin solution; S4.2: adding the calcium source and wheat alcohol-soluble protein to the wheat alcohol-soluble protein solution in a mass ratio of 1:10-12, and dispersing the mixture under magnetic stirring for 20-30 minutes, then adding 3-5 parts by weight of 10-12 wt% carboxymethyl chitosan solution, stirring and mixing, and then adding 1-2 parts by weight of 0.2-0.3 mg / mL calcium chloride solution to obtain a mixed dispersion system; S4.3: The mixed dispersed system is vortex-stirred at 600-700 r / min for 10-12 min, then rotary evaporated at 25-27°C and 85-90 r / min for 8-10 min, and then freeze-dried to obtain calcium source composite sustained-release particles.

[0012] Furthermore, step S5 of preparing the breeder duck feed specifically comprises the following steps: S5.1: 0.02-0.03 parts by weight of nicotinic acid and 0.09-0.1 parts by weight of L-malic acid are added to 20-22 parts by weight of deionized water, and ultrasonicated for 20-30 minutes. Then, the mixture is placed in a container, sealed with a transparent plastic wrap, pierced with 5-8 small holes with a syringe needle, and allowed to react at room temperature for 3-4 weeks to obtain single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate; S5.2: Convey 20-30 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 60-70 parts by weight of corn starch, 10-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 3-5 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 1-2 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 5-8 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 12-13 parts by weight of calcium source composite sustained-release granules, 3-5 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of monocrystalline nicotinic acid-L-malate into a blender, stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain breeding duck feed.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2.1, the amount of saccharin added is 6-8wt% of the mixed system, and the amount of stevia added is 4-6wt% of the mixed system.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4.2, the calcium source is specifically calcium carbonate.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5.2, the complex vitamins are specifically vitamin B1 and vitamin D, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0016] A white-feathered parent-generation breeder duck feed is prepared by any one of the preparation processes for the white-feathered parent-generation breeder duck feed.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the ulva is rich in nutritional factors such as protein, vitamins, minerals and cellulose, and the paper mulberry leaves are rich in crude protein, minerals and vitamins. After the composite fermentation, the nutrients are more comprehensive, which can fully meet the nutrition required for the laying of eggs by the breeding ducks, maintain the good physical condition and reproductive performance of the breeding ducks, ensure the continuity and stability of egg laying, and thus increase the egg production. In addition, the ulva and the paper mulberry are subjected to composite fermentation in coordination with the tekila bacillus and the gum red yeast. The tekila bacillus can decompose the macromolecular substances such as cellulose in the ulva and the paper mulberry, and convert the indigestible components into small molecular sugars that are easier to absorb, etc. The gum red yeast can utilize these small molecular substances for growth and reproduction, synthesize more nutrients such as protein and B vitamins, and improve the nutritional value of the feed. At the same time, the gum red yeast also produces some organic acids and enzymes during the fermentation process, and these substances can be combined with the minerals in the ulva and the paper mulberry to form a more easily absorbed complex, thereby improving the bioavailability of the minerals, providing sufficient raw materials for the formation of eggshells, making the eggshells more solid and smooth, with uniform thickness, and improving the quality of breeding eggs.

[0018] 2. The present invention uses Ca 2+ Synergistic wheat alcohol-soluble protein-carboxymethyl chitosan empty shell particles, using anti-solvent precipitation technology, are used to embed the functional substance calcium source in multiple core-shell structures, so that it can achieve the sustained release effect of the calcium source. The wheat alcohol-soluble protein in the added calcium source composite sustained-release particles is rich in hydrophobic groups, which can combine with the gastrointestinal mucosal protein through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, so that the calcium source composite sustained-release particles tend to adhere to the gastrointestinal mucosa. At the same time, the calcium source composite sustained-release particles can slowly release the calcium source, prolong the residence time of the calcium source in the digestive tract, and improve the absorption rate, so that the duck's blood can continue to maintain a high blood calcium concentration, thereby increasing egg production and breeding egg quality during the breeding cycle.

[0019] 3. The present invention further adds single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate, which is a multi-component crystal of nicotinic acid, improves the solubility of nicotinic acid and is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of nicotinic acid by breeding ducks. When single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate is added to feed, nicotinic acid participates in various physiological reactions as a coenzyme, which helps to regulate the normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis of breeding ducks, promotes the secretion of reproductive hormones such as gonadotropin in the breeding ducks to be more stable and sufficient, thereby stimulating the development and maturation of follicles, and can also provide necessary nutritional support for the growth and development of follicles, so that the follicles can better accumulate nutrients, increase the size and quality of follicles, and then improve the number and quality of ovulation, thereby increasing egg production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings together with the description further serve to explain the principles of the invention and enable those skilled in the relevant art to make and use the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A process flow chart of preparing a white-feather parent-generation breeding duck feed adopted in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the unit cell of the single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is a detailed description of the preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation breeder duck feed provided by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for a more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 A preparation process for white feather parent generation duck feed, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included: S1: Preparation of composite fermentation strains S1.1: Take out the Bacillus tekila from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put them into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 CFU / mL of Bacillus tekila suspension, taking the suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into LB medium, the inoculation amount is 1% of the total mass of the LB medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200r / min for 18h to obtain Bacillus tekila liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain an activated Bacillus tekila liquid; S1.2: Take out the red yeast from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put it into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 CFU / mL of red yeast suspension, taking up the bacterial suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into TYC medium, the inoculation amount is 1% of the total mass of the TYC medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200r / min for 18h to obtain red yeast liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain activated red yeast liquid; S1.3: The activated Bacillus tequila liquid and the activated Rhodotorula glutinosus liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a composite fermentation strain, wherein the concentration of Bacillus tequila was 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the concentration of red yeast was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product S2.1: Rinse fresh ulva with clean water to remove impurities, drain and cut into sections, and mash into slurry to obtain ulva slurry, crush paper mulberry leaves and pass through a 100-mesh sieve, then mix the sieved paper mulberry leaf powder with the ulva slurry in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed system, add saccharin and stevia to the mixed system, the saccharin added in an amount of 6wt% of the mixed system, and the stevia added in an amount of 4wt% of the mixed system, sterilize, and obtain a fermentation raw material; S2.2: The fermentation raw material is maintained at a moisture content of 40%, and then 0.6% of the total weight of the fermentation raw material is inoculated with a composite fermentation strain, and then fermented at 36°C for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, a composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperberry is obtained; S3: Preparation of Chinese herbal compound extracts S3.1: Grind 3 parts by weight of Astragalus, 2 parts by weight of Epimedium, 1 part by weight of Leonurus japonicus, 2 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 3 parts by weight of Crataegus pinnatifida and 2 parts by weight of Tangerine peel, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine powder; S3.2: Mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine powder with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20 by weight, boil for 20 minutes, filter to obtain a primary extract, mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine residue with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20 by weight again, boil for 20 minutes, filter to obtain a filtrate, combine the two filtrates, and obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine extract; S3.3: The Chinese herbal compound extract is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10 by a rotary evaporator, the extract is dried in a 50°C oven to a moisture content of ≤8%, and crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a Chinese herbal compound extract; S4: Preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles S4.1: adding 13 parts by weight of wheat prolamin to 100 parts by weight of 65 wt% ethanol solution, stirring and dissolving for 10 min, and then centrifuging at 4000 r / min and 4° C. for 10 min to obtain a wheat prolamin solution; S4.2: Calcium carbonate and wheat alcohol-soluble protein were added to the wheat alcohol-soluble protein solution in a mass ratio of 1:10, and dispersed by magnetic stirring for 20 minutes, and then 3 parts by weight of 10 wt% carboxymethyl chitosan solution were added, and after stirring and mixing, 1 part by weight of 0.2 mg / mL calcium chloride solution was added to obtain a mixed dispersion system; S4.3: The mixed dispersion system was vortex-stirred at 600 r / min for 10 min, then rotary evaporated at 25° C. and 85 r / min for 8 min, and then freeze-dried to obtain calcium source composite sustained-release particles; S5: Preparation of breeder duck feed S5.1: 0.02 parts by weight of nicotinic acid and 0.09 parts by weight of L-malic acid are added to 20 parts by weight of deionized water, and ultrasonicated for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a container and sealed with a transparent plastic wrap. Five small holes are pierced with a syringe needle, and the mixture is allowed to react at room temperature for 3 weeks to obtain single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate. S5.2: 20 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 60 parts by weight of corn starch, 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 3 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 1 part by weight of sodium chloride, 5 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 12 parts by weight of calcium source composite sustained-release granules, 3 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.2 parts by weight of monocrystalline nicotinic acid-L-malate are conveyed into a blender and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain breeding duck feed.

[0024] The complex vitamins specifically include vitamin B1 and vitamin D, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0025] Example 2 A preparation process for white feather parent generation duck feed, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1: Preparation of composite fermentation strains S1.1: Take out the Bacillus tekila from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put them into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 9 CFU / mL of Bacillus tekila suspension, taking the suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into LB medium, the inoculation amount is 2% of the total mass of the LB medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, incubating at 37°C, 200r / min for 18h to obtain Bacillus tekila liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain an activated Bacillus tekila liquid; S1.2: Take out the red yeast from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put it into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 9CFU / mL of red yeast suspension, taking up the bacterial suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into TYC medium, the inoculation amount is 2% of the total mass of the TYC medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200r / min for 18h to obtain red yeast liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain activated red yeast liquid; S1.3: The activated Bacillus tequila liquid and the activated Rhodotorula glutinosus liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a composite fermentation strain, wherein the concentration of Bacillus tequila was 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the concentration of red yeast was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product S2.1: Rinse fresh ulva with clean water to remove impurities, drain and cut into sections, and crush into slurry to obtain ulva slurry, crush paper mulberry leaves and pass through a 100-mesh sieve, then mix the sieved paper mulberry leaf powder with the ulva slurry in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed system, add saccharin and stevia to the mixed system, the saccharin added in an amount of 8wt% of the mixed system, and the stevia added in an amount of 6wt% of the mixed system, sterilize, and obtain a fermentation raw material; S2.2: The fermentation raw material is maintained at a moisture content of 50%, and then 0.8% of the total weight of the fermentation raw material is inoculated with a composite fermentation strain, and then fermented at 36°C for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, a composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperberry is obtained; S3: Preparation of Chinese herbal compound extracts S3.1: Grind 5 parts by weight of Astragalus, 3 parts by weight of Epimedium, 2 parts by weight of Leonurus japonicus, 3 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 5 parts by weight of Hawthorn and 2-3 parts by weight of Tangerine Peel, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine powder; S3.2: Mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine powder with deionized water in a ratio of 1:22 by weight, boil for 20 minutes, filter to obtain a primary extract, mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine residue with deionized water in a ratio of 1:22 by weight again, boil for 20 minutes, filter to obtain a filtrate, combine the two filtrates, and obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine extract; S3.3: The Chinese herbal compound extract is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.18 by a rotary evaporator, the extract is dried in a 50°C oven to a moisture content of ≤8%, and crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a Chinese herbal compound extract; S4: Preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles S4.1: adding 15 parts by weight of wheat prolamin to 130 parts by weight of 70 wt% ethanol solution, stirring to dissolve for 10 min, and then centrifuging at 4000 r / min and 4° C. for 10 min to obtain a wheat prolamin solution; S4.2: Calcium carbonate and wheat alcohol-soluble protein were added to the wheat alcohol-soluble protein solution in a mass ratio of 1:12, and dispersed by magnetic stirring for 20 minutes, and then 5 parts by weight of 12 wt% carboxymethyl chitosan solution were added, and after stirring and mixing, 2 parts by weight of 0.3 mg / mL calcium chloride solution were added to obtain a mixed dispersion system; S4.3: The mixed dispersion system was vortex-stirred at 600 r / min for 10 min, then rotary evaporated at 25° C. and 85 r / min for 8 min, and then freeze-dried to obtain calcium source composite sustained-release particles; S5: Preparation of breeder duck feed S5.1: 0.03 parts by weight of nicotinic acid and 0.1 parts by weight of L-malic acid are added to 22 parts by weight of deionized water, and ultrasonicated for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a container and sealed with a transparent plastic wrap. Five small holes are pierced with a syringe needle, and the mixture is allowed to react at room temperature for 3 weeks to obtain single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate. S5.2: 30 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 70 parts by weight of corn starch, 20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 2 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 8 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 13 parts by weight of calcium source composite sustained-release granules, 5 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.3 parts by weight of monocrystalline nicotinic acid-L-malate are conveyed into a blender and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain breeding duck feed.

[0026] The complex vitamins specifically include vitamin B1 and vitamin D, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0027] Example 3 A preparation process for white feather parent generation duck feed, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1: Preparation of composite fermentation strains S1.1: Take out the Bacillus tekila from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put them into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 CFU / mL of Bacillus tekila suspension, taking the suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into LB medium, the inoculation amount is 1% of the total mass of the LB medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, incubating at 37°C, 230r / min for 24h to obtain Bacillus tekila liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain an activated Bacillus tekila liquid; S1.2: Take out the red yeast from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put it into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 CFU / mL of red yeast suspension, taking up the bacterial suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into TYC medium, the inoculation amount is 1% of the total mass of the TYC medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 230r / min for 24h to obtain red yeast liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain activated red yeast liquid; S1.3: The activated Bacillus tequila liquid and the activated Rhodotorula glutinosus liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a composite fermentation strain, wherein the concentration of Bacillus tequila was 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the concentration of red yeast was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product S2.1: Rinse fresh ulva with clean water to remove impurities, drain and cut into sections, and crush into slurry to obtain ulva slurry, crush paper mulberry leaves and pass through a 120-mesh sieve, then mix the sieved paper mulberry leaf powder with the ulva slurry in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed system, add saccharin and stevia to the mixed system, the saccharin added in an amount of 6wt% of the mixed system, and the stevia added in an amount of 4wt% of the mixed system, sterilize, and obtain a fermentation raw material; S2.2: The fermentation raw material is maintained at a moisture content of 40%, and then 0.6% of the total weight of the fermentation raw material is inoculated with a composite fermentation strain, and then fermented at 37°C for 7 days. After the fermentation is completed, a composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperberry is obtained; S3: Preparation of Chinese herbal compound extracts S3.1: Grind 3 parts by weight of Astragalus, 2 parts by weight of Epimedium, 1 part by weight of Leonurus japonicus, 2 parts by weight of Angelica sinensis, 3 parts by weight of Crataegus pinnatifida and 2 parts by weight of Tangerine peel, and pass through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine powder; S3.2: Mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine powder with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20 by weight, boil for 40 minutes, filter to obtain a primary extract, mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine residue with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20 by weight again, boil for 40 minutes, filter to obtain a filtrate, combine the two filtrates, and obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine extract; S3.3: The Chinese herbal compound extract is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10 by a rotary evaporator, the extract is dried in an oven at 60°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and crushed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a Chinese herbal compound extract; S4: Preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles S4.1: adding 13 parts by weight of wheat prolamin to 100 parts by weight of 65 wt% ethanol solution, stirring and dissolving for 20 min, and then centrifuging at 5000 r / min and 5° C. for 12 min to obtain a wheat prolamin solution; S4.2: Calcium carbonate and wheat alcohol-soluble protein were added to the wheat alcohol-soluble protein solution in a mass ratio of 1:10, and dispersed by magnetic stirring for 30 minutes, and then 3 parts by weight of 10 wt% carboxymethyl chitosan solution were added, and after stirring and mixing, 1 part by weight of 0.2 mg / mL calcium chloride solution was added to obtain a mixed dispersion system; S4.3: The mixed dispersion system was vortex-stirred at 700 r / min for 12 min, then rotary evaporated at 27° C. and 90 r / min for 10 min, and then freeze-dried to obtain calcium source composite sustained-release particles; S5: Preparation of breeder duck feed S5.1: 0.02 parts by weight of nicotinic acid and 0.09 parts by weight of L-malic acid are added to 20 parts by weight of deionized water, and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a container and sealed with a transparent plastic wrap. Five small holes are pierced with a syringe needle, and the mixture is allowed to react at room temperature for 4 weeks to obtain single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate. S5.2: 20 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 60 parts by weight of corn starch, 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 3 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 1 part by weight of sodium chloride, 5 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 12 parts by weight of calcium source composite sustained-release granules, 3 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.2 parts by weight of monocrystalline nicotinic acid-L-malate are conveyed into a blender and stirred for 40 minutes to obtain breeding duck feed.

[0028] The complex vitamins specifically include vitamin B1 and vitamin D, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 removes steps S1.1 and S1.3, replaces the composite fermentation strain in step S2.2 with activated red yeast liquid, and prepares breeding duck feed without changing the other steps, which is recorded as Comparative Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 2 is that Comparative Example 2 removes steps S1.2-S1.3, replaces the composite fermentation strain in step S2.2 with activated Bacillus tergrillii liquid, and prepares breeding duck feed without changing the other steps, which is recorded as Comparative Example 2.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 3 is that, in Comparative Example 3, the Ulva in step S2.1 is removed, and the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare the breeding duck feed, which is recorded as Comparative Example 3.

[0032] Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 4 is that the paper mulberry leaves in step S2.1 are removed in Comparative Example 4, and the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare the breeding duck feed, which is recorded as Comparative Example 4.

[0033] Comparative Example 5 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 5 is that Comparative Example 5 removes step S4, replaces the calcium source composite slow-release particles in S5.2 with calcium carbonate, and prepares breeding duck feed without changing the other steps, which is recorded as Comparative Example 5.

[0034] Comparative Example 6 Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 6 is that step S5.1 is removed in Comparative Example 6, and the single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malic acid in S5.2 is replaced with nicotinic acid, and the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare breeding duck feed, which is recorded as Comparative Example 6.

[0035] Duck egg quality determination: White-feathered parent-generation ducks were selected and divided into 10 groups, each with 100 ducks, and fed according to the conventional breeding process of the farm for 4 weeks. The breeding duck feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 was used to feed 9 groups of white-feathered parent-generation ducks, respectively. The remaining group was a blank group and was only fed with basic feed, which used conventional commercially available products.

[0036] After the feeding was completed, the breeding eggs were incubated and the hatching rate was calculated. At the same time, the egg production rate of each duck was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1. Results of duck egg quality and egg production rate

[0038] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that Examples 1-3 of the present invention have higher hatching rates and egg production rates than the blank group, indicating that the use of the breeding duck feed prepared by the present invention for feeding can improve the quality and egg production of breeding eggs; it can be seen from the data in Comparative Examples 1-4 that the use of Bacillus tergila and Rhodotorula glutinosus to synergize the composite fermentation of Ulva and Broussonetia papyrifera can produce a synergistic effect between the components, thereby effectively improving the quality and egg production of breeding eggs; it can be seen from the data in Comparative Example 5 that the use of Ca 2+By synergizing wheat alcohol-soluble protein-carboxymethyl chitosan empty shell particles, the functional substance calcium source is embedded in a multiple core-shell structure, thereby achieving slow release, which can increase egg production and breeding egg quality during the breeding cycle; from the data of Comparative Example 6, it can be seen that the addition of single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of nicotinic acid by breeding ducks, thereby improving egg production and breeding egg quality.

[0039] The solubility of single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate and nicotinic acid was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2. Results of determination of single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate and nicotinic acid solubility

[0041] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the solubility of nicotinic acid can be improved by preparing a multi-component crystal single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate.

[0042] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation process for white-feathered parent-generation duck feed, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Preparation of composite fermentation strains After activating Bacillus tequila and Rhodotorula glutinosus, they were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 in terms of the number of live bacteria to prepare a composite fermentation strain; S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product The paper mulberry leaf powder and ulva pulp are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1, saccharin and stevia are added as fermentation raw materials, and then a composite fermentation strain is inoculated for fermentation to prepare an ulva-paper mulberry composite fermentation product; S3: Preparation of Chinese herbal compound extracts Astragalus, epimedium, motherwort, angelica, hawthorn and tangerine peel are ground and mixed, and then deionized water is added for decoction to prepare a Chinese herbal medicine composite extract; S4: Preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles Wheat alcohol-soluble protein is mixed with a calcium source, and then carboxymethyl chitosan solution and calcium chloride solution are added to obtain a mixed dispersion system, and the mixed dispersion system is stirred, evaporated, and freeze-dried to prepare calcium source composite sustained-release particles; S5: Preparation of breeder duck feed Single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate was prepared with nicotinic acid and L-malic acid as raw materials, and then the composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperback paper, corn starch, soybean meal, puffed soybean powder, sodium chloride, Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, calcium source composite slow-release granules, complex vitamins and single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate were mixed to prepare breeding duck feed.

2. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1: Preparation of composite fermentation bacteria, specifically comprising the following steps: S1.1: Take out the Bacillus tekila from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put them into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 -10 9 CFU / mL of Bacillus tekila suspension, taking the suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into LB medium, the inoculation amount is 1-2% of the total mass of the LB medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200-230r / min for 18-24h to obtain Bacillus tekila liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain an activated Bacillus tekila liquid; S1.2: Take out the red yeast from the preserved bacterial tube, pick up the bacteria on the slope with an inoculating loop, and put it into a test tube filled with sterile saline to make 10 8 -10 9 CFU / mL of red yeast suspension, taking up the bacterial suspension with a sterile pipette, inoculating it into TYC medium, the inoculation amount is 1-2% of the total mass of the TYC medium, placing the inoculated medium in a constant temperature incubator, culturing at 37°C, 200-230r / min for 18-24h to obtain red yeast liquid, then centrifuging to obtain bacterial precipitate, mixing the bacterial precipitate with sterile water at a volume ratio of 1:10, and shaking to obtain activated red yeast liquid; S1.3: The activated Bacillus tequila liquid and the activated Rhodotorula glutinosus liquid were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a composite fermentation strain, wherein the concentration of Bacillus tequila was 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the concentration of red yeast was 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

3. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S2: Preparation of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, specifically comprising the following steps: S2.1: Rinse fresh ulva with clean water to remove impurities, drain and cut into sections, and crush into slurry to obtain ulva slurry, crush paper mulberry leaves and pass through a 100-120 mesh sieve, then mix the sieved paper mulberry leaf powder with the ulva slurry in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed system, add saccharin and stevia to the mixed system, sterilize, and obtain a fermentation raw material; S2.2: The moisture content of the fermentation raw material is maintained at 40-50%, and then 0.6-0.8% of the total weight of the fermentation raw material is inoculated with a composite fermentation strain, and then fermented at 36-37°C for 5-7 days. After the fermentation is completed, a composite fermentation product of Ulva-Paperberry is obtained.

4. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S3: preparation of the Chinese herbal compound extract, specifically comprising the following steps: S3.1: Grind 3-5 parts by weight of astragalus, 2-3 parts by weight of epimedium, 1-2 parts by weight of motherwort, 2-3 parts by weight of angelica, 3-5 parts by weight of hawthorn and 2-3 parts by weight of tangerine peel, and pass through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine powder; S3.2: Mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine powder with deionized water in a ratio of 1:20-22 parts by weight, boil for 20-40 minutes, filter to obtain a primary extract, mix the composite Chinese herbal medicine residue with deionized water again in a ratio of 1:20-22 parts by weight, boil for 20-40 minutes, filter to obtain a filtrate, combine the two filtrates, and obtain a composite Chinese herbal medicine extract; S3.3: The Chinese herbal compound extract is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.18 by a rotary evaporator, the extract is placed in an oven at 50-60°C and dried to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain a Chinese herbal compound extract.

5. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S4 is the preparation of calcium source composite sustained-release particles, which specifically comprises the following steps: S4.1: adding 13-15 parts by weight of wheat prolamin to 100-130 parts by weight of 65-70 wt% ethanol solution, stirring to dissolve for 10-20 min, and then centrifuging at 4000-5000 r / min, 4-5° C. for 10-12 min to obtain a wheat prolamin solution; S4.2: adding the calcium source and wheat alcohol-soluble protein to the wheat alcohol-soluble protein solution in a mass ratio of 1:10-12, and dispersing the mixture under magnetic stirring for 20-30 minutes, then adding 3-5 parts by weight of 10-12 wt% carboxymethyl chitosan solution, stirring and mixing, and then adding 1-2 parts by weight of 0.2-0.3 mg / mL calcium chloride solution to obtain a mixed dispersion system; S4.3: The mixed dispersed system is vortex-stirred at 600-700 r / min for 10-12 min, then rotary evaporated at 25-27°C and 85-90 r / min for 8-10 min, and then freeze-dried to obtain calcium source composite sustained-release particles.

6. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S5 is the preparation of breeder duck feed, which specifically comprises the following steps: S5.1: 0.02-0.03 parts by weight of nicotinic acid and 0.09-0.1 parts by weight of L-malic acid are added to 20-22 parts by weight of deionized water, and ultrasonicated for 20-30 minutes. Then, the mixture is placed in a container, sealed with a transparent plastic wrap, pierced with 5-8 small holes with a syringe needle, and allowed to react at room temperature for 3-4 weeks to obtain single crystal nicotinic acid-L-malate; S5.2: Convey 20-30 parts by weight of Ulva-Paperback composite fermentation product, 60-70 parts by weight of corn starch, 10-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 3-5 parts by weight of puffed soybean powder, 1-2 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 5-8 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine composite extract, 12-13 parts by weight of calcium source composite sustained-release granules, 3-5 parts by weight of complex vitamins and 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of monocrystalline nicotinic acid-L-malate into a blender, stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain breeding duck feed.

7. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2.1, the amount of saccharin added is 6-8wt% of the mixed system, and the amount of stevia added is 4-6wt% of the mixed system.

8. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation duck feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4.2, the calcium source is specifically calcium carbonate.

9. The preparation process of a white-feathered parent-generation breeder duck feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5.2, the complex vitamins are specifically vitamin B1 and vitamin D, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:

1.

10. A white-feather parent-generation duck feed, characterized in that: The feed is prepared by the preparation process of the white-feathered parent-generation breeding duck feed described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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