Autologous internal arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning method and system based on flexible electrical technology

Abstract

The invention provides an autologous internal arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning method and system based on a flexible electrical technology, and relates to the technical field of wearable medical equipment. The method comprises the following steps: evaluating interference influence; acquiring a data deviation level; and data transmission evaluation. According to the method, the skin contamination coefficient is obtained by evaluating the obtained initial internal arteriovenous fistula data, then the data deviation grade is obtained by grading the internal arteriovenous fistula deviation score obtained according to the initial internal arteriovenous fistula data and the skin contamination coefficient, and data optimization is performed according to the data deviation grade. And finally, obtaining a data transmission evaluation value according to the network transmission data, the transmitted arteriovenous fistula data and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, thereby achieving the effect of improving the monitoring accuracy in the autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning process, and solving the problem of low monitoring accuracy in the autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning process in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wearable medical devices, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease has gradually increased, and most of them will develop end-stage renal disease, namely uremia. Such patients need regular hemodialysis to maintain their lives. As the main access for hemodialysis, the health status of autologous arteriovenous fistula is directly related to the smooth progress of dialysis and the life safety of patients. Flexible electric technology is an emerging technology field that uses flexible electronic devices and sensors to monitor and sense physiological signals of the human body. Therefore, real-time monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula are of great significance to ensure the life safety of patients and improve the dialysis effect.

[0003] In the prior art, the physiological parameter data of the autologous arteriovenous fistula is collected in real time through flexible sensors, and then the collected data is preprocessed and feature extracted, and finally it is determined whether the autologous arteriovenous fistula has abnormalities based on the extracted feature information. The sensor may experience a decrease in sensitivity and drift during long-term use. In addition, the accuracy of the data is usually affected by many factors, including the influence of external equipment, the activities of the monitored object, and the limitations of the processing algorithm. The presence of these factors may cause fluctuations and instability in the measurement results. Therefore, it is necessary to design an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning method and system based on flexible electric technology that can detect the accuracy of the data and handle data problems in a timely manner, so as to solve the problem of low monitoring accuracy during the monitoring and early warning process of the autologous arteriovenous fistula. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method and system for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology, which solves the problem of low monitoring accuracy in the monitoring and early warning process of autologous arteriovenous fistula in the prior art, and improves the monitoring accuracy in the monitoring and early warning process of autologous arteriovenous fistula. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology, comprising: S1, evaluating the interference impact of initial arteriovenous fistula data obtained by a sensor to obtain a skin pollution coefficient, wherein the skin pollution coefficient is used to evaluate the degree to which the sensor is affected by skin pollution; S2, grading the arteriovenous fistula deviation score obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin pollution coefficient to obtain a data deviation level, and optimizing the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level; S3, after data optimization, obtaining a data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission, and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, and judging whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value, wherein the data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

[0006] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the skin pollution coefficient is as follows: obtain skin interference data, the skin interference data including skin surface oil data and skin surface sweat data; determine whether the skin surface oil data is greater than a preset oil threshold, if the skin surface oil data is greater than the preset oil threshold, then record the first pollution coefficient as 1, otherwise record the first pollution coefficient as 0, the first pollution coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by oil; determine whether the skin surface sweat data is greater than the preset sweat threshold, if the skin surface sweat data is greater than the preset sweat threshold, then record the second pollution coefficient as 1, otherwise record the second pollution coefficient as 0, the second pollution coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by sweat; add the first pollution coefficient to the second pollution coefficient to obtain the skin pollution coefficient.

[0007] Optionally, a specific method for obtaining the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is as follows: obtaining preset arteriovenous fistula data from a preset database, the preset arteriovenous fistula data including preset blood flow velocity data extreme values, preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme values ​​and preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme values, the preset blood flow velocity data extreme values ​​including preset blood flow velocity data maximum values ​​and preset blood flow velocity data minimum values, the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme values ​​including preset blood vessel inner diameter data maximum values ​​and preset blood vessel inner diameter data minimum values, the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme values ​​including preset distance-to-skin thickness data maximum values ​​and preset distance-to-skin thickness data minimum values; obtaining the blood flow velocity data according to the relative relationship between the initial blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme values. The blood flow velocity data deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial blood vessel inner diameter data and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value, and the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial blood vessel inner diameter data and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value, and the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial distance from skin thickness data and the preset distance from skin thickness data extreme value, and the distance from skin thickness data deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial distance from skin thickness data and the preset distance from skin thickness data extreme value, and the distance from skin thickness data deviation is obtained according to the deviation of the initial distance from skin thickness data and the preset distance from skin thickness data extreme value; the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is obtained by processing the skin contamination coefficient, the blood flow velocity data deviation, the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation and the distance from skin thickness data deviation.

[0008] Optionally, the data deviation level includes a first deviation level, a second deviation level and a third deviation level; the first deviation level indicates the level at which the data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula is the smallest when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is less than a preset first threshold; the second deviation level indicates the level corresponding to the arteriovenous fistula deviation when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is less than a preset second threshold; the third deviation level indicates the level at which the data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula is the largest when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is not less than the preset second threshold.

[0009] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the data transmission evaluation value based on the acquired network transmission data, post-transmission arteriovenous fistula data and initial arteriovenous fistula data is as follows: obtaining preset network transmission data from a preset database, wherein the preset network transmission data includes a preset packet loss rate, a preset delay and a preset transmission rate; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation based on the relative relationship between the post-transmission blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission blood vessel inner diameter data deviation based on the relative relationship between the post-transmission blood vessel inner diameter data and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data deviation based on the relative relationship between the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data and the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data deviation based on the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation, the post-transmission blood vessel inner diameter data deviation and the post-transmission distance The skin thickness data deviation is processed to obtain the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission; the packet loss rate deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate, and the packet loss rate deviation represents the deviation between the packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate; the delay deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the delay and the preset delay, and the delay deviation represents the deviation between the delay and the preset delay; the transmission rate deviation is obtained according to the relative relationship between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate, and the transmission rate deviation represents the deviation between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate; the packet loss rate deviation, delay deviation and transmission rate deviation are processed to obtain the network transmission coefficient, and the network transmission coefficient is used to evaluate the network performance; the relative relationship between the network transmission coefficient, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission is used to obtain the data transmission evaluation value.

[0010] Optionally, the specific limiting expression of the data transmission evaluation value is:

[0011]

[0012]

[0013] Where i represents the number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, i=1,2,...,T, T represents the total number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, SHU represents the data transmission evaluation value, LUO represents the network transmission coefficient, DIU represents the packet loss rate, YAN represents the delay, SUL represents the transmission rate, DIU0 represents the preset packet loss rate, YAN0 represents the preset delay, SUL0 represents the preset transmission rate, GAN i represents the skin contamination coefficient collected at the i-th time, CHA i represents the arteriovenous fistula deviation score of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected at the i-th time, CHA i ′ represents the post-transmission AVF deviation score corresponding to the initial AVF data collected at the i-th time, LP i ′represents the deviation of the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, NP i ′ represents the deviation of the vascular inner diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, DP i ′ represents the deviation of the skin thickness data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS i ′ represents the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS max Indicates the preset maximum value of blood flow rate data, CLS min Indicates the preset minimum value of blood flow rate data, CNJ i ′ represents the intravascular diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CNJ max Indicates the maximum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CNJ min Indicates the minimum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CJP i ′ represents the post-transmission skin thickness data corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CJP max Indicates the maximum value of preset skin thickness data, CJP min Indicates the preset minimum value of the skin thickness data.

[0014] An embodiment of the present invention provides an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning system based on flexible electric technology, comprising: an interference impact assessment module, a data deviation level acquisition module and a data transmission assessment module; wherein the interference impact assessment module is used to perform interference impact assessment on the initial arteriovenous fistula data obtained by the sensor to obtain a skin pollution coefficient, and the skin pollution coefficient is used to assess the degree to which the sensor is affected by skin pollution; the data deviation level acquisition module is used to classify the arteriovenous fistula deviation score obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin pollution coefficient to obtain a data deviation level, and optimize the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level; the data transmission assessment module is used to obtain a data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data after data optimization, and determine whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value, and the data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

[0015] The above technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0016] 1. The skin contamination coefficient is obtained by obtaining the initial arteriovenous fistula data, and then the data deviation level is obtained according to the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the skin contamination coefficient. The data is optimized according to the data deviation level. Finally, the data transmission evaluation value is obtained according to the network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, thereby accurately quantifying the data accuracy, thereby achieving the improvement of the monitoring accuracy in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula, and effectively solving the low monitoring accuracy in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula in the prior art.

[0017] 2. The blood flow velocity data deviation is obtained by comparing the initial blood flow velocity data with the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value, and then the vascular inner diameter data deviation is obtained according to the initial vascular inner diameter data and the preset vascular inner diameter data extreme value. Then, the skin thickness data deviation is obtained according to the initial skin thickness data and the preset skin thickness data extreme value. Finally, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is obtained according to the skin contamination coefficient, blood flow velocity data deviation, vascular inner diameter data deviation and skin thickness data deviation, thereby quantitatively evaluating the degree of interference of external factors on the data, and thus achieving improved data accuracy in the process of autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning.

[0018] 3. The blood flow velocity data deviation after transmission, the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation after transmission and the skin thickness data deviation after transmission are processed to obtain the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission. Then the packet loss rate deviation, delay deviation and transmission rate deviation are processed to obtain the network transmission coefficient. Finally, the relative relationship between the network transmission coefficient, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission is used to obtain the data transmission evaluation value, thereby quantitatively evaluating the quality of the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission, and further improving the quality and stability of data transmission in the process of autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the change of the network transmission coefficient with the packet loss rate of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the change of the network transmission coefficient with the delay of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the change of the network transmission coefficient with the change of the transmission rate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning system based on flexible electric technology of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate a quantitative limitation, but indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0028] Aiming at the problem of low monitoring accuracy in the existing autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning process, the present invention provides an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning method and system based on flexible electric technology.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning method and system based on flexible electric technology, including: S1, interference impact assessment: performing interference impact assessment on the initial arteriovenous fistula data obtained through the sensor to obtain a skin pollution coefficient, and the skin pollution coefficient is used to evaluate the degree to which the sensor is affected by skin pollution; S2, data deviation level acquisition: performing grade classification according to the arteriovenous fistula deviation score obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin pollution coefficient to obtain a data deviation level, and optimizing the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level, and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score represents the degree of deviation of the initial arteriovenous fistula data; S3, data transmission evaluation: after data optimization, obtaining a data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission, and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, judging whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value, and the data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

[0030] It should be added that the initial blood flow velocity data and the initial skin thickness data are obtained by a flexible ultrasonic sensor. The flexible ultrasonic sensor probe measures the blood flow velocity by continuously emitting ultrasonic waves and receiving reflected waves. The flexible ultrasonic sensor probe obtains the initial skin thickness data by emitting signals and calculating the reflection time. It is usually arranged on the skin surface and close to the artery (such as the carotid artery, radial artery, femoral artery, etc., and the appropriate position is selected according to the thickness of the skin and the depth of the blood vessels).

[0031] The initial blood vessel inner diameter data is obtained through a flexible pressure sensor; the flexible pressure sensor monitors the expansion and contraction of the blood vessel wall due to blood flow pressure during each heartbeat, and infers the inner diameter of the blood vessel by detecting the stress changes in the blood vessel; when the flexible pressure sensor is used to measure the initial blood vessel inner diameter data, it is usually arranged on the surface of the skin, close to or close to the main arteries, and selects the parts that are easy to perceive the expansion and contraction of the blood vessels, such as the wrists, legs, neck, etc.

[0032] In this embodiment, in hemodialysis patients, arteriovenous fistula is a commonly used vascular access used to draw blood from the body for dialysis and then return the purified blood to the body; interference impact assessment means detecting and quantifying the interference present in the initial arteriovenous fistula data; interference includes motion artifacts, multi-channel interference, sensor contamination interference and environmental noise interference; motion artifacts are usually caused by the movement of patients during dialysis, which may lead to serious deviations in monitoring data; in a multi-channel monitoring system, signal interference between channels may cause cross-data influence, especially when multiple physiological parameters need to be monitored simultaneously; oil on the skin surface may cover the sensor surface, forming an isolation layer, causing the sensor to be unable to accurately sense the physiological signals under the skin; sweat contains salt and other electrolytes, which may affect the electrochemical properties of the sensor and lead to errors in data acquisition; through the above steps, the data accuracy is improved, and then the monitoring accuracy is improved in the process of autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning.

[0033] Among them, the specific method of obtaining the skin pollution coefficient is as follows: obtain skin interference data, the skin interference data including skin surface oil data and skin surface sweat data; determine whether the skin surface oil data is greater than a preset oil threshold, if the skin surface oil data is greater than the preset oil threshold, then the first pollution coefficient is recorded as 1, otherwise the first pollution coefficient is recorded as 0, and the first pollution coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by oil; determine whether the skin surface sweat data is greater than the preset sweat threshold, if the skin surface sweat data is greater than the preset sweat threshold, then the second pollution coefficient is recorded as 1, otherwise the second pollution coefficient is recorded as 0, and the second pollution coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by sweat; add the first pollution coefficient to the second pollution coefficient to obtain the skin pollution coefficient.

[0034] In this embodiment, the skin surface oil data represents the oil content on the skin surface; the skin surface oil data is obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; the skin surface sweat data represents the humidity on the skin surface; the skin surface sweat data is obtained by a hygrometer; the preset oil threshold is set according to the sensor characteristics, for example, the sensor oil tolerance range is that the oil layer thickness does not exceed 5 microns, then the preset oil threshold is set to 5 microns; the preset sweat threshold is set according to the sensor characteristics, for example, the sensor sweat tolerance range is 60% RH, then the preset sweat threshold is set to 60% RH.

[0035] Among them, the specific method for obtaining the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is as follows: obtain the preset arteriovenous fistula data from the preset database, the preset arteriovenous fistula data includes the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value, the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value and the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme value, the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value includes the preset blood flow velocity data maximum value and the preset blood flow velocity data minimum value, the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value includes the preset blood vessel inner diameter data maximum value and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data minimum value, and the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme value includes the preset distance-to-skin thickness data maximum value and the preset distance-to-skin thickness data minimum value; obtain the blood flow velocity data deviation (i.e., the LP value in the specific restriction expression of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score) according to the relative relationship between the initial blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value i ), the blood flow rate data deviation represents the deviation between the initial blood flow rate data and the preset blood flow rate data extreme value; the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation (i.e., NP in the specific limiting expression of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial blood vessel inner diameter data and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value. i ), the vascular inner diameter data deviation represents the deviation between the initial vascular inner diameter data and the preset vascular inner diameter data extreme value; the scalp thickness data deviation (i.e., DP in the specific limiting expression of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the initial scalp thickness data and the preset scalp thickness data extreme value. i ), the skin thickness data deviation represents the deviation between the initial skin thickness data and the preset skin thickness data extreme value; the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is obtained by processing the skin contamination coefficient, blood flow velocity data deviation, blood vessel inner diameter data deviation and skin thickness data deviation.

[0036] Among them, the specific limiting expression of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, i represents the number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, i = 1, 2, ..., T, T represents the total number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, GAN i represents the skin contamination coefficient collected at the i-th time, CHA i represents the arteriovenous fistula deviation score of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected at the i-th time, LP i represents the blood flow rate data deviation of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, NP i represents the data deviation of the vessel inner diameter of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, DP i The CLS represents the deviation of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time from the skin thickness. i represents the initial blood flow velocity data of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS maxIndicates the preset maximum value of blood flow rate data, CLS min Indicates the preset minimum value of blood flow rate data, CNJ i represents the initial vascular inner diameter data of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CNJ max Indicates the maximum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CNJ min Indicates the minimum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CJP i represents the initial skin thickness data of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CJP max Indicates the maximum value of preset skin thickness data, CJP min Indicates the preset minimum value of the skin thickness data.

[0039] In this embodiment, the preset maximum value of blood flow velocity data is represented by the maximum value of initial blood flow velocity data in the historical time period; the preset minimum value of blood flow velocity data is represented by the minimum value of initial blood flow velocity data in the historical time period; the preset maximum value of blood vessel inner diameter data is represented by the maximum value of initial blood vessel inner diameter data in the historical time period; the preset minimum value of blood vessel inner diameter data is represented by the minimum value of initial blood vessel inner diameter data in the historical time period; the preset maximum value of skin thickness data is represented by the maximum value of initial skin thickness data in the historical time period; the preset minimum value of skin thickness data is represented by the minimum value of initial skin thickness data in the historical time period; through the above steps, a quantitative evaluation of the deviation of initial arteriovenous fistula data due to external factors is realized, thereby achieving the improvement of data accuracy in the monitoring and early warning process of autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0040] In a multi-channel interference scenario, the deviation of blood flow velocity data may further affect the measurement of the initial vascular inner diameter data, because the change of the initial blood flow velocity data may affect the pressure distribution and diameter in the blood vessel; the deviation of the vascular inner diameter data may affect the judgment of the vascular wall structure, thereby indirectly affecting the accuracy of the initial apical thickness data measurement; similarly, the deviation of the initial apical thickness data may affect the measurement of the initial vascular inner diameter data and the initial blood flow velocity data, because the deviation of the apical thickness data may reflect the change of the vascular wall structure; as the deviation of the blood flow velocity data, the deviation of the vascular inner diameter data and the apical thickness data increases, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score may increase accordingly.

[0041] Taking the case where the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected once and the skin contamination coefficient is 2 as an example, the statistical table of changes in the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is shown in Table 1:

[0042] Table 1 Statistics of changes in arteriovenous fistula deviation scores

[0043]

[0044] It can be seen from the first and second groups of data in the table that, when the blood flow velocity data deviation and the vascular inner diameter data deviation remain unchanged, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score increases with the increase of the distance from the skin thickness data deviation; it can be seen from the second and third groups of data that, when the blood flow velocity data deviation and the distance from the skin thickness data deviation remain unchanged, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score increases with the increase of the vascular inner diameter data deviation; it can be seen from the third and fourth groups of data that, when the vascular inner diameter data deviation and the distance from the skin thickness data deviation remain unchanged, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score increases with the increase of the blood flow velocity data deviation.

[0045] Among them, the data deviation level includes the first deviation level, the second deviation level and the third deviation level; the first deviation level indicates the level corresponding to the arteriovenous fistula deviation when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is less than the preset first threshold, and the first deviation level indicates the level with the smallest data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula; the second deviation level indicates the level corresponding to the arteriovenous fistula deviation when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is less than the preset second threshold; the third deviation level indicates the level corresponding to the arteriovenous fistula deviation when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is not less than the preset second threshold, and the third deviation level indicates the level with the largest data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula.

[0046] In this embodiment, the preset first threshold is represented by the average value of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score in the historical time period minus twice the variance; the preset second threshold is represented by the maximum value of the arteriovenous fistula deviation score in the historical time period; through real-time monitoring of the initial arteriovenous fistula data, the degree of data deviation is judged in combination with different data deviation levels, thereby providing data support for subsequent data optimization, thereby achieving improved management efficiency of initial arteriovenous fistula data during the monitoring and early warning process of autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0047] Among them, data optimization includes first data optimization, second data optimization and third data optimization; the specific process of the first data optimization is as follows: determine whether there is wide-band noise in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, if so, perform noise filtering, otherwise prompt the preset personnel to clean the sensor, and the wide-band noise is measured by a spectrum analyzer; the specific process of the second data optimization is as follows: determine whether there is multi-channel interference in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, if so, perform multi-channel interference optimization, otherwise perform the first data optimization, multi-channel interference optimization includes adjusting the sampling frequency and signal denoising, multi-channel interference refers to the interference caused by the mutual influence between multiple signal channels; the specific process of the third data optimization is as follows: determine whether there is motion artifact in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, if so, remove the motion artifact through Kalman filtering, otherwise perform the second data optimization, motion artifact refers to the erroneous signal caused by the movement of the measured object or the movement of the sensor.

[0048] In this embodiment, for broadband noise, a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter or a band-stop filter can be used to remove it; the specific steps of adjusting the sampling frequency are as follows: the sampling frequency is set according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, for example, if the signal frequency range is 1kHz to 10kHz, the sampling frequency is at least twice the highest frequency in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, that is, 20kHz. After adjusting the sampling frequency, the initial arteriovenous fistula data is re-collected and the collection data quality assessment value is evaluated. If the adjusted arteriovenous fistula deviation score is 0, the sampling frequency can be further fine-tuned, and the verification process is repeated until the optimal sampling frequency setting is found; signal denoising is achieved by removing noise through a wavelet denoising algorithm. Wavelet denoising utilizes the multi-resolution characteristics of wavelet transform to decompose the signal into different scales, and then the wavelet coefficients at each scale are processed to remove noise; through noise filtering, multi-channel interference optimization and Kalman filtering and other methods, adverse factors such as broadband noise, multi-channel interference and motion artifacts can be effectively removed, thereby improving the quality of initial arteriovenous fistula data in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0049] The specific method for obtaining the data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the post-transmission arteriovenous fistula data and the initial arteriovenous fistula data is as follows: obtaining the preset network transmission data from the preset database, the preset network transmission data including the preset packet loss rate, the preset delay and the preset transmission rate; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation (i.e., the LP in the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) according to the relative relationship between the post-transmission blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation ... specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation according to the relative relationship between the post-transmission blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation according to the relative relationship between the post-transmission blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation according to the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation according to the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation; obtaining the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation according to the post- i ′ ), the blood flow velocity data deviation after transmission represents the deviation between the blood flow velocity data after transmission and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation after transmission (i.e., NP in the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value. i ′ ), the deviation of the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission represents the deviation between the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value; the deviation of the skin thickness data after transmission (i.e., the DP in the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the skin thickness data after transmission and the preset skin thickness data extreme value. i ′ ), the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data deviation represents the deviation between the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data and the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme value; the post-transmission arteriovenous fistula deviation score (i.e., CHA in the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained by processing the post-transmission blood flow velocity data deviation, the post-transmission blood vessel inner diameter data deviation, and the post-transmission distance-to-skin thickness data deviation. i ′), the post-transmission arteriovenous fistula deviation score represents the deviation between the post-transmission arteriovenous fistula data and the preset arteriovenous fistula data; the packet loss rate deviation (i.e., the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate. ), the packet loss rate deviation represents the deviation between the packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate; the delay deviation (i.e., the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the delay and the preset delay. ), the delay deviation represents the deviation between the delay and the preset delay; the transmission rate deviation (i.e., the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value) is obtained according to the relative relationship between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate. ), the transmission rate deviation represents the deviation between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate; the packet loss rate deviation, the delay deviation and the transmission rate deviation are processed to obtain the network transmission coefficient (i.e., LUO in the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value), and the network transmission coefficient is used to evaluate the network performance; the relative relationship between the network transmission coefficient, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission is used to obtain the data transmission evaluation value;

[0050] Specifically, the specific restriction expression of the data transmission evaluation value is:

[0051]

[0052] Where i represents the number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, i=1,2,...,T, T represents the total number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, SHU represents the data transmission evaluation value, LUO represents the network transmission coefficient, DIU represents the packet loss rate, YAN represents the delay, SUL represents the transmission rate, DIU0 represents the preset packet loss rate, YAN0 represents the preset delay, SUL0 represents the preset transmission rate, GAN i represents the skin contamination coefficient collected at the i-th time, CHA i represents the arteriovenous fistula deviation score of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected at the i-th time, CHA i ′ represents the post-transmission AVF deviation score corresponding to the initial AVF data collected at the i-th time, LP i ′ represents the deviation of the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, NP i ′ represents the deviation of the vascular inner diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, DP i ′ represents the deviation of the skin thickness data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS i ′represents the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS max Indicates the preset maximum blood flow rate data, CLS min Indicates the preset minimum value of blood flow rate data, CNJ i ′ represents the intravascular diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CNJ max Indicates the maximum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CNJ min Indicates the preset minimum value of the blood vessel inner diameter data, CJP i ′ represents the post-transmission skin thickness data corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CJP max Indicates the maximum value of preset skin thickness data, CJP min Indicates the preset minimum value of the skin thickness data.

[0053] In this embodiment, the preset packet loss rate is represented by the average value of the packet loss rate in the historical time period; the preset delay is represented by the average value of the delay in the historical time period; the preset transmission rate is represented by the average value of the transmission rate in the historical time period; through the above steps, a quantitative evaluation of the data quality after the transmission process in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula is achieved, thereby achieving improvement in the quality and stability of data transmission in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0054] During the data transmission process (hospital), due to the large flow of people, many computer devices, and frequent and large changes in monitoring data, the network transmission burden may be increased, thereby increasing the risk of network delay and packet loss, which may in turn cause quality loss of arteriovenous fistula data. Therefore, the smaller the network transmission coefficient, the greater the difference between the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission, which may lead to a decrease in the data transmission evaluation value. The smaller the data transmission evaluation value, the worse the data quality.

[0055] When the delay is high, it means that the data may encounter obstacles during transmission, such as network congestion, routing problems or physical distance, which may cause the buffer in the network to be filled, and then packet loss occurs, resulting in a decrease in the network transmission coefficient; an increase in packet loss rate may trigger a retransmission mechanism, thereby increasing the transmission delay and thus reducing the network transmission coefficient; as the packet loss rate increases, the transmission rate usually decreases, because packet loss means that data needs to be resent, increasing the total time required for transmission; when the delay is high, it means that the waiting time for data in the transmission process increases, which may cause the transmission rate to decrease, and then reduce the network transmission coefficient; therefore, the network transmission coefficient decreases with the increase of delay and packet loss rate, and the network transmission coefficient increases with the increase of transmission rate. The larger the network transmission coefficient, the better the network performance.

[0056] For example, the preset packet loss rate is 0.05%, the preset delay is 100ms, the preset transmission rate is 500Mbps, the packet loss rate range is 0%-0.5%, the delay range is 50ms-150ms, and the transmission rate range is 450Mbps-550Mbps. Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the change of the network transmission coefficient of the present invention with the change of the packet loss rate; when the delay is 100ms and the transmission rate is 500Mbps, the greater the packet loss rate, the smaller the network transmission coefficient; Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the change of the network transmission coefficient of the present invention with the delay; when the packet loss rate is 0.05% and the transmission rate is 500Mbps, the greater the delay, the smaller the network transmission coefficient; Figure 4 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the change of the network transmission coefficient of the present invention with the change of the transmission rate; when the packet loss rate is 0.05% and the delay is 100ms, the greater the transmission rate, the greater the network transmission coefficient.

[0057] Among them, the specific process of judging whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value is as follows: B1, judging whether the data transmission evaluation value is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If the data transmission evaluation value is less than the preset data transmission threshold, execute B2, otherwise no transmission optimization is performed; B2, perform data packet loss compensation, and judge whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after the data packet loss compensation is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If so, execute B3, otherwise end the transmission optimization; B3, send an automatic retransmission request to recover data loss, and judge whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after retransmission is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If the transmission data quality evaluation value obtained after retransmission is less than the preset transmission data quality threshold, execute B4, otherwise end the transmission optimization; B4, perform encryption integrity check, and judge whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after the encryption integrity check is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If so, feedback is given to the preset personnel, otherwise end the transmission optimization.

[0058] In this embodiment, the preset data transmission threshold is represented by the maximum value of the data transmission evaluation value in the historical time period; the data packet loss compensation restores the data packet through the linear interpolation technology; if the data transmission evaluation value after the data packet loss compensation is less than the preset data transmission threshold, the automatic repeat request (ARQ) stage is entered, and an ARQ signal is sent to the sending end to request resending of the lost or erroneous data packet. After receiving the ARQ signal, the sending end resends the requested data packet.

[0059] Arteriovenous fistula data involves the patient's personal privacy and health status, and is of great value to patients, medical institutions and researchers. However, it also faces the risk of being leaked or abused. Therefore, the arteriovenous fistula data needs to be encrypted; encryption integrity verification is achieved by adding an encrypted hash value to the initial arteriovenous fistula data being transmitted, and the receiver uses the same hash algorithm and key to verify whether the received arteriovenous fistula data is complete and has not been tampered with; errors and losses in the data transmission process of autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning are detected by gradually applying packet loss compensation, automatic retransmission request and encryption integrity verification, thereby achieving improved quality and stability of data transmission during autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning.

[0060] It also includes judging whether the arteriovenous fistula is mature; comparing the blood flow velocity data after transmission, the skin thickness data after transmission, and the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission with the corresponding standard blood flow velocity data, standard skin thickness data, and standard blood vessel inner diameter data: if the blood flow velocity data after transmission is greater than the standard blood flow velocity data, the skin thickness data after transmission is less than the standard skin thickness data, and the blood vessel inner diameter after transmission is greater than the standard blood vessel inner diameter data, then the arteriovenous fistula is mature; otherwise, the arteriovenous fistula is immature.

[0061] In this embodiment, the standard blood flow rate data is set to 500 ml / min; the standard skin thickness data is set to 5 mm; the standard blood vessel inner diameter data is set to 5 mm; through real-time monitoring and precise evaluation, the maturity of the arteriovenous fistula is accurately judged, thereby achieving improved monitoring accuracy during the monitoring and early warning process of the autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0062] The following criteria are also included in determining whether an arteriovenous fistula is mature: physical examination and basic examination tests; physical examination mainly determines whether the fistula is mature by observing changes in the blood vessels around the fistula and palpation; clinical examination includes: (1) observing whether the blood flow in the arm is significantly increased; (2) determining whether there are obvious pathological changes such as cyanosis and swelling around the fistula, and (3) whether normal pulsation can be felt by palpation and whether there is venous dilatation; basic examination tests include the arm raising test and the pulsation enhancement test; the arm raising test is to raise the arm to observe the blood flow and pulsation at the fistula; a mature fistula can usually maintain a clear pulsation, while an immature fistula may show insufficient bleeding or weak pulsation; the pulsation enhancement test is to check the pulsation enhancement of the fistula through palpation and auscultation; a mature fistula will have a stronger pulsation when the limb is relaxed, while an immature fistula may have a weak pulsation or cannot be touched.

[0063] Choice of dominant vessel: Available blood vessels: The most commonly used one is the radial artery-cephalic vein fistula in the forearm wrist; followed by the ulnar artery-basilic vein fistula in the wrist, forearm venous transposition fistula (mainly the basilic vein-radial artery), elbow fistula (cephalic vein, basilic vein or median cubital vein-brachial artery or the radial artery or ulnar artery of its branches), lower limb fistula (great saphenous vein-dorsal artery of the pedis, great saphenous vein-anterior or posterior tibial artery), nasopharyngeal fistula, etc.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an autologous arteriovenous fistula monitoring and early warning system based on flexible electric technology, including: an interference impact assessment module, a data deviation level acquisition module and a data transmission assessment module; wherein the interference impact assessment module is used to perform interference impact assessment on the initial arteriovenous fistula data obtained by the sensor to obtain a skin pollution coefficient, and the skin pollution coefficient is used to evaluate the degree to which the sensor is affected by skin pollution; the data deviation level acquisition module uses the arteriovenous fistula deviation score obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin pollution coefficient to classify the data deviation level, and optimizes the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level, and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score represents the degree of deviation of the initial arteriovenous fistula data; the data transmission assessment module is used to obtain a data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data after data optimization, and judge whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value, and the data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

[0065] In this embodiment, flexible electric technology generally refers to the use of flexible electronic materials and technologies to achieve the flexibility and wearability of electronic devices such as sensors and actuators; autologous arteriovenous fistula generally refers to the fistula formed by surgically connecting the patient's own arteries and veins in order to establish vascular access during hemodialysis treatment; through interference impact assessment and data optimization, the impact of external interference on the initial arteriovenous fistula data is effectively reduced, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the data; through data transmission assessment and optimization, the quality of the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission is ensured, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy during the monitoring and early warning process of the autologous arteriovenous fistula.

[0066] In summary, the present invention obtains the skin contamination coefficient by acquiring the initial arteriovenous fistula data, then obtains the data deviation level according to the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the skin contamination coefficient, and optimizes the data according to the data deviation level, and finally obtains the data transmission evaluation value according to the network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, thereby accurately quantifying the data accuracy, and further realizing the improvement of the monitoring accuracy in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula, effectively solving the low monitoring accuracy in the process of monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula in the prior art.

[0067] There are a few points to note:

[0068] (1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only relate to the structures related to the embodiments of the present invention, and other structures may refer to the general design.

[0069] (2) For the sake of clarity, in the drawings used to describe the embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the layers or regions is exaggerated or reduced, that is, these drawings are not drawn according to the actual scale. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, the element may be "directly" "on" or "under" the other element or there may be intermediate elements.

[0070] (3) In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0071] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning method for autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, performing interference impact assessment on initial arteriovenous fistula data acquired by a sensor to obtain a skin contamination coefficient, wherein the skin contamination coefficient is used to assess the degree to which the sensor is affected by skin contamination; S2, classifying the arteriovenous fistula deviation scores obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin contamination coefficient to obtain the data deviation level, and optimizing the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level; S3, after data optimization, a data transmission evaluation value is obtained according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data, and whether to perform transmission optimization is determined based on the data transmission evaluation value, and the data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

2. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method for obtaining the skin pollution coefficient is as follows: Acquire skin interference data, wherein the skin interference data includes skin surface oil data and skin surface sweat data; Determine whether the skin surface oil data is greater than a preset oil threshold, if the skin surface oil data is greater than the preset oil threshold, the first pollution coefficient is recorded as 1, otherwise the first pollution coefficient is recorded as 0, the first pollution coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by oil; Determine whether the sweat data on the skin surface is greater than a preset sweat threshold, if the sweat data on the skin surface is greater than the preset sweat threshold, record the second contamination coefficient as 1, otherwise record the second contamination coefficient as 0, the second contamination coefficient is used to evaluate whether the sensor is interfered by sweat; The first pollution coefficient and the second pollution coefficient are added to obtain the skin pollution coefficient.

3. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method for obtaining the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is as follows: Acquire preset arteriovenous fistula data from a preset database, wherein the preset arteriovenous fistula data includes preset blood flow velocity data extreme values, preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme values, and preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme values, wherein the preset blood flow velocity data extreme values ​​include preset blood flow velocity data maximum values ​​and preset blood flow velocity data minimum values, wherein the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme values ​​include preset blood vessel inner diameter data maximum values ​​and preset blood vessel inner diameter data minimum values, wherein the preset distance-to-skin thickness data extreme values ​​include preset distance-to-skin thickness data maximum values ​​and preset distance-to-skin thickness data minimum values; Obtaining a blood flow velocity data deviation according to a relative relationship between the initial blood flow velocity data and a preset blood flow velocity data extreme value, wherein the blood flow velocity data deviation represents a deviation between the initial blood flow velocity data and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; Obtaining a blood vessel inner diameter data deviation according to a relative relationship between the initial blood vessel inner diameter data and a preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value, wherein the blood vessel inner diameter data deviation represents a deviation between the initial blood vessel inner diameter data and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value; Obtaining a skin thickness data deviation according to a relative relationship between the initial skin thickness data and a preset skin thickness data extreme value, wherein the skin thickness data deviation represents a deviation between the initial skin thickness data and the preset skin thickness data extreme value; The arteriovenous fistula deviation score was obtained by processing the skin contamination coefficient, blood flow velocity data deviation, blood vessel inner diameter data deviation and skin thickness data deviation.

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data deviation level includes a first deviation level, a second deviation level and a third deviation level; The first deviation level indicates the level at which the data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula is the smallest when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is less than a preset first threshold value; The second deviation level indicates the level corresponding to the arteriovenous dysfunction deviation when the arteriovenous dysfunction deviation score is less than a preset second threshold value; The third deviation level indicates the level at which the data deviation of the arteriovenous fistula is the greatest when the arteriovenous fistula deviation score is not less than the preset second threshold.

5. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The data optimization includes first data optimization, second data optimization and third data optimization; The specific process of the first data optimization is as follows: Determine whether there is broadband noise in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, if yes, perform noise filtering, otherwise prompt the preset personnel to clean the sensor, the broadband noise is measured by a spectrum analyzer; The specific process of the second data optimization is as follows: Determine whether there is multi-channel interference in the initial arteriovenous fistula data, if yes, perform multi-channel interference optimization, otherwise perform first data optimization, the multi-channel interference optimization includes adjusting the sampling frequency and signal denoising, the multi-channel interference represents the interference caused by the mutual influence between multiple signal channels; The specific process of the third data optimization is as follows: It is determined whether there is motion artifact in the initial arteriovenous fistula data. If so, the motion artifact is removed by Kalman filtering, otherwise a second data optimization is performed. The motion artifact represents an erroneous signal caused by the movement of the measurement object or the movement of the sensor.

6. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method for obtaining the data transmission evaluation value according to the acquired network transmission data, the arteriovenous fistula data after transmission and the initial arteriovenous fistula data is as follows: Acquire preset network transmission data from a preset database, wherein the preset network transmission data includes a preset packet loss rate, a preset delay, and a preset transmission rate; Obtaining the deviation of the blood flow velocity data after transmission according to the relative relationship between the blood flow velocity data after transmission and the preset blood flow velocity data extreme value; Obtaining the deviation of the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission according to the relative relationship between the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission and the preset blood vessel inner diameter data extreme value; The deviation of the thickness data after transmission is obtained according to the relative relationship between the thickness data after transmission and the extreme value of the preset thickness data from the skin; The deviation score of arteriovenous fistula after transmission is obtained by processing the deviation of blood flow velocity data after transmission, the deviation of blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission and the deviation of skin thickness data after transmission; Obtaining a packet loss rate deviation according to a relative relationship between the packet loss rate and a preset packet loss rate, wherein the packet loss rate deviation indicates a deviation between the packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate; Obtaining a delay deviation according to a relative relationship between the delay and the preset delay, wherein the delay deviation indicates a deviation between the delay and the preset delay; Obtaining a transmission rate deviation according to a relative relationship between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate, wherein the transmission rate deviation indicates a deviation between the transmission rate and the preset transmission rate; Processing the packet loss rate deviation, the delay deviation and the transmission rate deviation to obtain a network transmission coefficient, wherein the network transmission coefficient is used to evaluate network performance; The relative relationship between the network transmission coefficient, the arteriovenous fistula deviation score and the arteriovenous fistula deviation score after transmission was used to obtain the data transmission evaluation value.

7. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The specific limiting expression of the data transmission evaluation value is: Where i represents the number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, i=1,2,...,T, T represents the total number of times the initial arteriovenous fistula data is collected, SHU represents the data transmission evaluation value, LUO represents the network transmission coefficient, DIU represents the packet loss rate, YAN represents the delay, SUL represents the transmission rate, DIU0 represents the preset packet loss rate, YAN0 represents the preset delay, SUL0 represents the preset transmission rate, GAN i represents the skin contamination coefficient collected at the i-th time, CHA i represents the arteriovenous fistula deviation score of the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected at the i-th time, CHA i ′ represents the post-transmission arteriovenous fistula deviation score corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected at the i-th time, LP i ′ represents the deviation of the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, NP i ′ represents the deviation of the vascular inner diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, DP i ′ represents the deviation of the skin thickness data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS i ′ represents the blood flow velocity data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CLS max Indicates the preset maximum blood flow rate data, CLS min Indicates the preset minimum value of blood flow rate data, CNJ i ′ represents the intravascular diameter data after transmission corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CNJ max Indicates the maximum value of the preset blood vessel inner diameter data, CNJ min Indicates the preset minimum value of the blood vessel inner diameter data, CJP i ′ represents the post-transmission skin thickness data corresponding to the initial arteriovenous fistula data collected for the i-th time, CJP max Indicates the maximum value of preset skin thickness data, CJP min Indicates the preset minimum value of the skin thickness data.

8. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The specific process of determining whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value is as follows: B1, determine whether the data transmission evaluation value is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If the data transmission evaluation value is less than the preset data transmission threshold, execute B2, otherwise, do not perform transmission optimization; B2, perform data packet loss compensation, and determine whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after the data packet loss compensation is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If so, execute B3, otherwise terminate the transmission optimization; B3, sending an automatic retransmission request to recover data loss, determining whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after retransmission is less than a preset data transmission threshold, if the transmission data quality evaluation value obtained after retransmission is less than the preset transmission data quality threshold, executing B4, otherwise ending the transmission optimization; B4, perform encryption integrity check to determine whether the data transmission evaluation value obtained after the encryption integrity check is less than the preset data transmission threshold. If so, feedback is given to the preset personnel, otherwise the transmission optimization is terminated.

9. The method for monitoring and early warning of autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes determining whether the arteriovenous fistula is mature; The blood flow velocity data after transmission, the skin thickness data after transmission, and the blood vessel inner diameter data after transmission are compared with the corresponding standard blood flow velocity data, standard skin thickness data, and standard blood vessel inner diameter data respectively: If the blood flow velocity data after transmission is greater than the standard blood flow velocity data, the distance-to-skin thickness data after transmission is less than the standard distance-to-skin thickness data, and the blood vessel inner diameter after transmission is greater than the standard blood vessel inner diameter data, the arteriovenous fistula is mature; Otherwise the arteriovenous fistula is immature.

10. A monitoring and early warning system for autologous arteriovenous fistula based on flexible electric technology, characterized in that: include: Interference impact assessment module, data deviation level acquisition module and data transmission assessment module; Wherein, the interference impact assessment module is used to perform interference impact assessment on the initial arteriovenous fistula data obtained through the sensor to obtain a skin contamination coefficient, and the skin contamination coefficient is used to assess the degree of influence of skin contamination on the sensor; The data deviation level acquisition module is used to classify the arteriovenous fistula deviation scores obtained according to the initial arteriovenous fistula data and the skin contamination coefficient to obtain the data deviation level, and optimize the arteriovenous fistula data according to the data deviation level; The data transmission evaluation module is used to obtain a data transmission evaluation value based on the acquired network transmission data, post-transmission arteriovenous fistula data and initial arteriovenous fistula data after data optimization, and determine whether to perform transmission optimization based on the data transmission evaluation value. The data transmission evaluation value is used to evaluate the data quality after transmission.

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