Drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment and method, and relates to the field of organic solid waste disposal, the drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment comprises a fermentation box body, the fermentation box body is internally provided with a plurality of rows and columns of mutually communicated independent drawer-type spaces; the fermentation drawers in the independent drawer-shaped spaces are used for supporting and loading materials to be fermented; the forced ventilation system can ventilate and supply oxygen into the fermentation box body; the box body cover is hermetically connected to the top of the fermentation box body, and a permselective functional film for preventing the inside and the outside of the fermentation box body from being directly communicated is paved and fixed on the box body cover. By adopting the method of the drawer-type film-coated aerobic fermentation equipment, a continuous feeding and discharging mode of feeding in the fermentation drawer at the central position and discharging in the fermentation drawer at the peripheral position is realized; an overall high-temperature environment formed by the plurality of rows and columns of fermentation drawers can realize rapid heating of newly-fed initial materials; and the fermentation drawer at the peripheral position can also form a'biological filter effect ', so that adsorption and secondary degradation of malodorous gas generated by materials in the fermentation drawer at the central position are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal, and in particular to a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] High-temperature aerobic fermentation is one of the mainstream methods for treating livestock and poultry manure to achieve resource utilization, harmlessness and reduced utilization. In large-scale farms or manure treatment centers, strip chopping, trough, reactor and film-covered aerobic fermentation technologies are widely used to treat solid manure in large quantities and efficiently; however, in small-scale farms or individual farmers, the existing large-scale treatment technology is not applicable due to the small amount of livestock and poultry manure produced, and there is an urgent need to simplify aerobic fermentation technology and equipment to achieve manure treatment.

[0003] In response to the above problems, relevant scholars have developed and designed a box-type light-simplified aerobic fermentation technology. This technology mainly uses a box of a certain volume to support the loading of solid manure, supplemented by efficient ventilation and oxygen supply, to achieve rapid heating, efficient sterilization and thorough decomposition of livestock and poultry manure. However, this technology still has the following problems to be solved: (1) The current box-type light-simplified aerobic fermentation technology belongs to batch processing technology. During the fermentation process, the materials cannot be moved, nor can they be continuously fed or discharged. Therefore, the livestock and poultry manure produced by the farm during the fermentation process must be temporarily stored in an open manner, which increases environmental risks; (2) Box-type aerobic fermentation technology belongs to a light-simplified aerobic fermentation technology. There are problems such as small stacking scale, large heat loss, and short high temperature duration. It has high requirements for ambient temperature and initial material temperature. It is difficult to start fermentation in cold weather and the fermentation cycle is long; (3) Box-type aerobic fermentation technology has a large amount of odorous gas emissions and serious nitrogen loss, which leads to a large environmental impact during the fermentation process and insufficient fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation equipment and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. On the one hand, a continuous feeding and discharging mode of feeding into the fermentation drawer at the central position and discharging from the fermentation drawer at the peripheral position is realized; on the other hand, the overall high-temperature environment formed by multiple rows and columns of fermentation drawers can realize rapid heating of the newly input initial materials, effectively improve the activity of fermentation microorganisms, promote rapid detonation, and accelerate the fermentation process; finally, the fermentation drawers at the peripheral position can also form a "biofilter effect", realize the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases generated by the materials in the fermentation drawers at the central position, and realize source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment, comprising:

[0007] The fermentation box has multiple rows and columns of interconnected independent drawer-type spaces;

[0008] A plurality of fermentation trays are used to support and load materials to be fermented, and are placed in independent tray-shaped spaces respectively, and the bottom of the fermentation trays is densely covered with pores;

[0009] A forced ventilation system is fixedly arranged on one side of the fermentation box, and has a ventilation duct connected to the bottom of the fermentation box, and can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation box;

[0010] The box cover is sealed and connected to the top of the fermentation box, and a selective permeability functional membrane is laid and fixed on the box cover to prevent the inside and outside of the fermentation box from being directly connected.

[0011] Optionally, the fermentation box body includes an integral bracket, in which a plurality of transverse stainless steel rods, longitudinal stainless steel rods and vertical stainless steel rods are welded in sequence to form the independent drawer-type space; the outer side and the bottom of the integral bracket are fixedly sealed and connected by metal plates; a sealing gasket is provided on the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral bracket, and the box cover is sealed and connected to the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral bracket by the sealing gasket.

[0012] Optionally, two box doors with a split structure are provided on the metal plate on one side of the fermentation box body, one end of the box door is hinged to the metal plate on one side of the integral bracket, and the other end is provided with a limiting rod that can move vertically, and the bottom of the metal plate of the box door provided on the integral bracket is fixed with two limiting rings, and after the box door is closed, the bottom of the limiting rod can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring.

[0013] Optionally, the fermentation drawer includes a bottom plate and four side plates, each side of the bottom plate is fixedly and sealedly connected to a side plate, and a plurality of the pores are formed on the bottom plate.

[0014] Optionally, pulleys are symmetrically provided on both sides of the bottom plate, and the pulleys can be slidably arranged in the independent drawer-type space.

[0015] Optionally, the forced ventilation system includes a forced ventilation box, a display controller, a fan and a ventilation box door, the forced ventilation box is fixed to the outside of the fermentation box body, and the display controller and the fan are fixed in the forced ventilation box; one end of the display controller is electrically connected to an external power supply, and the other end is electrically connected to the fan, and the display controller is used for real-time display of ventilation data, real-time regulation of ventilation rate and ventilation time; the air outlet of the fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body by a ventilation duct; the ventilation box door is hinged to the outside of the forced ventilation box; the bottom end of the forced ventilation box is flush with the bottom end of the fermentation box body; the ventilation box door is made of transparent glass near the display controller.

[0016] Optionally, a plurality of universal wheels are provided at the bottom outside the fermentation box body, and a plurality of lifting rings are provided at the top outside the fermentation box body.

[0017] Optionally, the box cover includes two side cover plates with semi-elliptical cross-sections, and a plurality of stainless steel keels with the same shape as the side cover plates are arranged between the two side cover plates; both ends of the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels are respectively welded to the front and rear two transverse stainless steel ribs, and the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels are covered and fixed with a layer of the selectively permeable functional membrane; one of the transverse stainless steel ribs is hinged to the top of the metal plate on one side of the integral bracket; Z-shaped gas support devices are symmetrically hinged at both ends of the integral bracket, and the end of the telescopic rod of the Z-shaped gas support device is hinged to the corresponding outer side of the side cover plate.

[0018] Optionally, the selectively permeable functional membrane includes a waterproof and breathable layer, which is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and has evenly distributed micropores of 0.2 μm, which can allow small molecular gases to be discharged and prevent large particle size substances produced during the fermentation process from passing through.

[0019] The present invention also provides a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation method, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Calculate the number of fermentation bins required, the volume of each fermentation bin, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time and the intermittent time according to the amount of solid manure produced, and complete the equipment assembly;

[0021] Step 2: Mix the solid manure and the auxiliary material expansion agent in a set ratio, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to more than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20;

[0022] Step 3, transferring the evenly mixed materials into the fermentation tray, and then inserting the fermentation trays into the independent tray-shaped spaces one by one;

[0023] Step 4: Close the box cover and door, connect an external power source to start powering, adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and intermittent time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system, start forced ventilation, and fermentation begins;

[0024] Step 5: When the fermentation enters the cooling period, the outer fermentation drawers are removed to complete the discharging operation, and the fermentation drawers at the center are gradually transferred to the independent drawer-type space at the outer layer, and then the fermentation drawers loaded with new materials are inserted into the independent drawer-type space at the vacated center position;

[0025] Step 6: Repeat step 5 in sequence until all materials are processed.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0027] 1. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment of the present invention adopts a plurality of fermentation drawers arranged in rows and columns, the temperature at the center position is relatively high, and the material that has been initially fermented moves to the periphery with the fermentation drawers, and then a new fermentation drawer and new materials are added to the empty space in the center. After the new material at the center position is initially fermented, the material at the previous peripheral position is completely fermented and can be taken out to realize discharge, and then the central fermentation drawer is gradually moved to the periphery, and a new fermentation drawer and materials are added to the center again, which solves the problem of continuous feeding and discharging of materials in the current box-type aerobic fermentation process.

[0028] 2. The drawer-type coated aerobic fermentation equipment of the present invention uses a method of feeding through a central fermentation drawer and discharging through a peripheral fermentation drawer, so that newly-input materials are fermented and heat generated in the central fermentation drawer, the fermented materials gradually move from the central fermentation drawer to the peripheral fermentation drawer, and the mature materials after cooling are discharged from the peripheral fermentation drawer, thereby realizing the circulation of materials from the inside to the outside and the concentration of heat at the center, so that the materials in the entire fermentation box, especially the materials in the fermentation drawer at the central position, can maintain a relatively high temperature for a long time. When feeding from the central fermentation drawer, the newly-input initial materials can be quickly heated, effectively improving the activity of fermentation microorganisms, promoting rapid detonation, and accelerating the fermentation process, thereby solving the problems of high requirements for ambient temperature and initial material temperature of traditional box-type aerobic fermentation, difficulty in starting fermentation in cold weather, and long fermentation cycle.

[0029] 3. The materials supported and loaded in the fermentation drawers at the peripheral position of the drawer-type coated aerobic fermentation equipment of the present invention are mature materials, which can form a "biofilter effect" to achieve the adsorption and secondary degradation of malodorous gases generated by the rapid fermentation of new materials in the fermentation drawers at the central position, thereby achieving source emission reduction of malodorous gases and nitrogen recovery, and solving the problems of large environmental impact of box-type aerobic fermentation technology and low fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a front view of a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a side view of a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1-fermentation box; 11-integral bracket; 12-box door; 13-universal wheel; 14-lifting ring; 15-sealing gasket; 16-Z-type gas support device; 17-hinge; 18-limiting rod; 2-fermentation drawer; 21-bottom plate; 22-pulley; 3-forced ventilation system; 31-forced ventilation box; 32-display controller; 33-ventilation box door; 4-box cover; 41-stainless steel keel; 42-selective permeability functional membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drawer-type covered aerobic fermentation equipment and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. On the one hand, a continuous feeding and discharging mode of feeding into the fermentation drawer at the central position and discharging from the fermentation drawer at the peripheral position is realized; on the other hand, the overall high-temperature environment formed by multiple rows and columns of fermentation drawers can realize rapid heating of the newly input initial materials, effectively improve the activity of fermentation microorganisms, promote rapid detonation, and accelerate the fermentation process; finally, the fermentation drawers at the peripheral position can also form a "biofilter effect", realize the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases generated by the materials in the fermentation drawers at the central position, and realize source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] In large-scale farms or manure treatment centers, various forms of aerobic fermentation technology are widely used for large-scale and efficient treatment of solid manure; however, in farms below the scale or individual farmers, the existing large-scale treatment technology is not applicable due to the small amount of livestock and poultry manure produced. To address this problem, the inventors have learned of a box-type simplified aerobic fermentation technology, which uses a box of a certain volume to support the loading of solid manure, assisted by efficient ventilation and oxygen supply, to achieve rapid heating, efficient sterilization and thorough decomposition of livestock and poultry manure. However, this box-type technology still has certain shortcomings. One is that the current box-type simplified aerobic fermentation technology is a batch processing technology. During the fermentation process, the material cannot be moved, nor can it be continuously fed in or out. Therefore, the livestock and poultry manure produced simultaneously in the farm during the fermentation process must be temporarily stored in an open manner, which increases environmental risks.

[0039] In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, its structure includes a fermentation box 1 and multiple fermentation drawers 2, and the fermentation box 1 is provided with multiple rows and columns of independent drawer-type spaces interconnected with each other; the fermentation drawers 2 are used to support and load the materials to be fermented, and are placed in each independent drawer-type space respectively, and the bottom of the fermentation drawers 2 is densely covered with pores; the forced ventilation system 3 is fixedly arranged on one side of the fermentation box 1, and it has a ventilation duct connected with the bottom of the fermentation box 1, which can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation box 1; so that all the fermentation drawers 2 in the fermentation box 1 can be aerobic fermented. Since multiple fermentation drawers 2 are arranged in the fermentation box 1, during the fermentation process, the newly input materials are fermented and heat generated in the central fermentation drawer 2, and then the fermented materials are manually moved from the center to the periphery along with the fermentation drawer 2, and the mature materials in the peripheral fermentation drawers 2 are discharged, so that the fermentation drawers 2 at the central position are fed and discharged at the peripheral position. The problem of continuous feeding and discharging in the current box-type aerobic fermentation process is solved.

[0040] At the same time, the present invention adopts a structure of multiple fermentation drawers 2 arranged in multiple rows and columns. The overall high-temperature environment formed by the multiple fermentation drawers 2 can realize the rapid heating of the newly-arrived initial materials at the center position, effectively improve the activity of fermentation microorganisms, promote rapid initiation, and accelerate the fermentation process; the fermentation drawers 2 at the peripheral position can also form a "biofilter effect", realize the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases generated by the newly-arrived fermentation drawer 2 materials at the center position, and realize source emission reduction and nitrogen recovery.

[0041] In order to further improve the aerobic fermentation effect, the embodiment of the present invention is sealed with a box cover 4 that can be opened and closed on the top of the fermentation box 1, and a selective permeable functional membrane 42 is laid and fixed on the box cover 4 to prevent the direct connection between the inside and outside of the fermentation box 1. The selective permeable functional membrane 42 is composed of three layers from the outside to the inside, namely, an anti-ultraviolet layer, a waterproof and breathable layer, and a supporting layer, which is a closed selective semi-permeable membrane. The anti-ultraviolet layer is made of polyester fiber material, which is obtained after anti-ultraviolet treatment, and can avoid the influence of external radiation on the composite covering layer and materials during aerobic fermentation, but does not isolate gas and moisture. The waterproof and breathable layer is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which is evenly distributed with micropores of about 0.2μm, which can allow small molecular gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor to discharge, but can prevent large particle size substances such as water droplets, pathogens and dust generated during the fermentation process from passing through. Under forced ventilation, the fermentation process can always be maintained in a closed environment with a slightly positive pressure, effectively improving the oxygen utilization efficiency, reducing the emission of malodorous gases, and extending the duration of high temperature. The supporting layer is made of polyester fiber material, which is obtained after acid and alkali resistance treatment to avoid the influence of the acid and alkali environment generated during aerobic fermentation on the composite covering layer, and at the same time make the composite covering layer have a certain spatial structural plasticity, and will not be completely attached to the surface of the pile.

[0042] In order to make the device of the present invention more widely applicable and able to be moved to the required position as needed, in one embodiment, universal wheels 13 are provided at the four ends of the bottom of the overall bracket 11, and the four universal wheels 13 are mainly used to support the fermentation box 1 and facilitate the movement of the overall equipment; four lifting rings 14 are symmetrically provided in pairs at the upper part of the left and right ends of the fermentation box 1, and the four lifting rings 14 are used to lift the fermentation box 1 and move it to a selected position.

[0043] In order to better realize the feeding and discharging operations, in one embodiment, the fermentation box body 1 is made of stainless steel rods to form an integral bracket 11. A plurality of transverse stainless steel rods, longitudinal stainless steel rods and vertical stainless steel rods are welded in sequence to form an independent drawer-type space in the integral bracket 11. The longitudinal stainless steel rods at the bottom of each independent drawer-type space form a track structure similar to a drawer; the outer side and the bottom of the integral bracket 11 are fixedly sealed and connected with a metal plate to ensure that the fermentation box body 1 is stable and stable. Figure 2 As shown in the example, Figure 2 A metal plate is arranged on the left side, right side, rear front side and bottom of the integral support 11, and they are welded and fixed respectively to form an integral sealed space. The sealed space is an independent drawer-type space arranged in multiple rows and columns. A doorway is opened on the metal plate on the front side, and two box doors 12 with a split structure are arranged here. One end of the box door 12 is hinged to the metal plate on the front side of the integral support 11 by a hinge 17, and the other end of the box door 12 is provided with a buckle, and a limiting rod 18 is passed through the buckle. The limiting rod 18 can move vertically, and two limiting rings are fixedly provided at the bottom of the front metal plate. After the two box doors 12 are closed, the bottom of the limiting rod 18 can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring, thereby closing the doorway of the front metal plate, so that the overall sealing of the fermentation box 1 is good, and when the limiting rod 18 is lifted, the box door 12 can be opened.

[0044] In order to carry more materials, the fermentation drawer 2 includes a bottom plate 21 made of stainless steel and four side plates made of stainless steel. Each side of the bottom plate 21 is fixedly and sealedly connected to a side plate. The stainless steel side plates are connected to the front, rear, left and right parts of the bottom plate 21 of the fermentation drawer 2 by welding, and the whole is more solid and reliable. A plurality of holes are opened on the bottom plate 21 to facilitate oxygen penetration. Three pulleys 22 are provided on both sides of the bottom plate 21. The pulleys 22 can be slidably set on the longitudinal stainless steel rod serving as a track in the independent drawer-shaped space to facilitate the removal of the fermentation drawer 2.

[0045] In order to realize the aerobic fermentation process and facilitate the control of the oxygen introduced, a forced ventilation system 3 is designed, and its structure includes a forced ventilation box 31, a display controller 32, a fan and a ventilation box door 33. The forced ventilation box 31 is fixed to the outside of the fermentation box 1, and the display controller 32 and the fan are fixed in the forced ventilation box 31; the display controller 32 is mainly used for real-time display of ventilation data, real-time regulation of ventilation rate and ventilation time; one end of the fan is connected to the display with an electric wire, and the air outlet at the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom space of the fermentation box 1 with a ventilation duct, The fermented material in the fermentation box 1 is forcedly ventilated and oxygenated; the bottom end of the forced ventilation box 31 is flush with the bottom end of the fermentation box 1, so as to facilitate the parallel connection of the fan outlet and the bottom space of the fermentation box 1, and reduce wind resistance and ventilation pressure drop; the ventilation box door 33 is made of transparent glass near the display controller 32, so as to read the ventilation data in real time without opening the door, and the ventilation box door 33 is usually in a closed state to reduce the influence of the electronic devices in the box on the external rain and snow weather; the internal electronic devices can be inspected and replaced when the ventilation box door 33 is in the open state.

[0046] In order to further improve the sealing performance, sealing gaskets 15 are provided on the top of the metal plates on the front, rear, left and right sides of the integral bracket 11, and the box cover 4 is sealed and connected to the top of the metal plate outside the integral bracket 11 by the sealing gasket 15. Specifically, the box cover 4 includes two side cover plates with semi-elliptical cross-sections, and a plurality of stainless steel keels 41 with the same shape as the side cover plates are provided between the two side cover plates; both ends of the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels 41 are respectively welded to the front and rear two transverse stainless steel ribs, and a layer of selective permeability functional membrane 4 is covered and fixed on the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels 41 2, forming a box cover 4 structure similar to an arc-shaped cover as a whole; one of the transverse stainless steel ribs is hinged to the top of the metal plate on the rear side of the integral bracket 11, and the other transverse stainless steel rib can be in contact with the sealing gasket 15 on the top of the metal plate on the front side of the integral bracket 11, and the horizontal ends of the two side cover plates can be respectively in contact with the top of the metal plate on the left or right side of the integral bracket 11. In order to facilitate opening and closing of the box cover 4, the left and right ends of the integral bracket 11 are symmetrically hinged with Z-shaped gas support devices 16, and the ends of the telescopic rods of the Z-shaped gas support devices 16 are hinged to the outer sides of the corresponding side cover plates. The specific structure of the Z-type gas support device 16 is not limited. In one embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is used, and the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the metal plate side walls at the left and right ends of the integral bracket 11. The end of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the outer side of the corresponding side cover plate. The opening and closing of the box cover 4 can be achieved through hydraulic control. In other embodiments, the hydraulic cylinder can be replaced by an oil cylinder, a screw nut pair and other structures, which can also achieve the function of opening and closing the box cover 4. Therefore, through two Z-type gas support devices 16, one end of the box cover 4 can be lifted up through a small displacement, and rotated around the hinge point at the other end of the box cover 4 to a selected position.

[0047] The present invention also provides a drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation method, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Calculate the number of fermentation bins 2 required, the volume of each fermentation bin 2, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time and the intermittent time according to the amount of solid manure produced, and complete the equipment assembly;

[0049] Step 2: Mix the solid manure and the auxiliary material expansion agent in a set ratio, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to more than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20, where C / N is the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

[0050] Step 3, transferring the evenly mixed materials into the fermentation tray 2, and then inserting the fermentation tray 2 into the independent tray-shaped space in sequence;

[0051] Step 4, close the box cover 4 and the box door 12, connect the external power supply to start power supply, adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and intermittent time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system 3, start forced ventilation, and fermentation begins;

[0052] Step 5: When the fermentation enters the cooling period, the outer fermentation drawers 2 are removed to complete the discharging operation, the fermentation drawers 2 at the center are gradually transferred to the independent drawer-type space at the outer layer, and then the fermentation drawers 2 loaded with new materials are inserted into the independent drawer-type space at the vacated center position;

[0053] Step 6: Repeat step 5 in sequence until all materials are processed.

[0054] When the present invention is working, the newly-input materials are fermented and heat is generated in the fermentation drawer 2 at the central position, and the fermented materials gradually move from the fermentation drawer 2 at the central position to the fermentation drawers 2 at the peripheral position, and the decomposed materials after cooling are discharged from the fermentation drawer 2 at the peripheral position, so that the feeding of the fermentation drawer 2 at the central position and the discharge of the fermentation drawer 2 at the peripheral position are realized. The newly-input materials in the fermentation drawer 2 at the central position are rapidly detonated in the surrounding high temperature environment and enter the temperature rise period, generating a large amount of heat to further maintain the high temperature at the central fermentation drawer 2, especially when the ambient temperature is reduced or the temperature of the newly-input materials is low, the newly-input low-temperature materials can be rapidly heated, effectively improving the activity of the fermentation microorganisms, promoting rapid detonation, and accelerating the fermentation process. The newly input materials at the central fermentation drawer 2 are rapidly fermented to produce a large amount of malodorous gases. In the process of these malodorous gases penetrating and diffusing from the central fermentation drawer 2 to the peripheral fermentation drawer 2, they are adsorbed by the gradually mature materials in the peripheral fermentation drawer 2 and undergo secondary degradation. The materials supported and loaded in the peripheral fermentation drawer 2 form a "biofilter effect", which achieves the adsorption and secondary degradation of the malodorous gases generated by the rapid fermentation of the newly input materials at the central fermentation drawer 2, realizes the source reduction of malodorous gases and nitrogen recovery, and solves the problems of large environmental impact of box-type aerobic fermentation technology and low fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer.

[0055] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment, characterized in that: include: The fermentation box has multiple rows and columns of interconnected independent drawer-type spaces; A plurality of fermentation trays are used to support and load materials to be fermented, and are placed in independent tray-shaped spaces respectively, and the bottom of the fermentation trays is densely covered with pores; A forced ventilation system is fixedly arranged on one side of the fermentation box, and has a ventilation duct connected to the bottom of the fermentation box, and can ventilate and supply oxygen to the fermentation box; The box cover is sealed and connected to the top of the fermentation box, and a selective permeability functional membrane is laid and fixed on the box cover to prevent the inside and outside of the fermentation box from being directly connected.

2. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation box body includes an integral bracket, in which a plurality of transverse stainless steel rods, longitudinal stainless steel rods and vertical stainless steel rods are welded in sequence to form the independent drawer-type space; the outer side and the bottom of the integral bracket are fixedly sealed and connected by metal plates; a sealing gasket is provided on the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral bracket, and the box cover is sealed and connected to the top of the metal plate on the outer side of the integral bracket by the sealing gasket.

3. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal plate on one side of the fermentation box is provided with two box doors with a split structure. One end of the box door is hinged to the metal plate on one side of the integral bracket, and the other end is provided with a limiting rod that can move vertically. The bottom of the metal plate on which the box door is provided on the integral bracket is fixed with two limiting rings. After the box door is closed, the bottom of the limiting rod can be inserted into the corresponding limiting ring.

4. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation drawer comprises a bottom plate and four side plates, each side of the bottom plate is fixedly and sealedly connected with a side plate, and a plurality of pores are formed on the bottom plate.

5. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: Pulleys are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and the pulleys can be slidably arranged in the independent drawer-type space.

6. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forced ventilation system includes a forced ventilation box, a display controller, a fan and a ventilation box door. The forced ventilation box is fixed on the outside of the fermentation box, and the display controller and the fan are fixed in the forced ventilation box; one end of the display controller is electrically connected to an external power supply, and the other end is electrically connected to the fan. The display controller is used for real-time display of ventilation data, and real-time regulation of ventilation rate and ventilation time; the air outlet of the fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body by a ventilation duct; the ventilation box door is hinged on the outside of the forced ventilation box; the bottom end of the forced ventilation box is flush with the bottom end of the fermentation box; the ventilation box door is made of transparent glass near the display controller.

7. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fermentation box body is provided with a plurality of universal wheels, and the top of the fermentation box body is provided with a plurality of lifting rings.

8. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The box cover includes two side cover plates with semi-elliptical cross-sections, and a plurality of stainless steel keels with the same shape as the side cover plates are arranged between the two side cover plates; both ends of the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels are respectively welded to the front and rear two transverse stainless steel ribs, and a layer of the selectively permeable functional membrane is covered and fixed on the side cover plates and the stainless steel keels; one of the transverse stainless steel ribs is hinged to the top of the metal plate on one side of the integral bracket; Z-shaped gas support devices are symmetrically hinged at both ends of the integral bracket, and the ends of the telescopic rods of the Z-shaped gas support devices are hinged to the corresponding outer sides of the side cover plates.

9. The drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The selective permeability functional membrane comprises a waterproof breathable layer, which is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and has 0.2 μm micropores uniformly distributed thereon, which can allow small molecule gases to be discharged and prevent large particle size substances produced during the fermentation process from penetrating.

10. A drawer-type film-covered aerobic fermentation method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Calculate the number of fermentation bins required, the volume of each fermentation bin, the feeding frequency, the feeding quantity, the ventilation rate, the ventilation time and the intermittent time according to the amount of solid manure produced, and complete the equipment assembly; Step 2: Mix the solid manure and the auxiliary material expansion agent in a set ratio, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, the organic matter content to more than 75%, and the C / N ratio to 20; Step 3, transferring the evenly mixed materials into the fermentation tray, and then inserting the fermentation trays into the independent tray-shaped spaces one by one; Step 4: Close the box cover and door, connect an external power source to start powering, adjust the ventilation rate, ventilation time and intermittent time through the display screen of the forced ventilation system, start forced ventilation, and fermentation begins; Step 5: When the fermentation enters the cooling period, the outer fermentation drawers are removed to complete the discharging operation, and the fermentation drawers at the center are gradually transferred to the independent drawer-type space at the outer layer, and then the fermentation drawers loaded with new materials are inserted into the independent drawer-type space at the vacated center position; Step 6: Repeat step 5 in sequence until all materials are processed.

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