Heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing and preparation method of heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing and a preparation method of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing. 0.25 to 0.3 percent of Mn; 0.65 to 0.72 percent of Mg; 0.12% to 0.15% of Ti; zr: 0.05 to 0.1%; 0.05 to 0.1 percent of V; 0.2%-0.25% of Ce, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities. According to the high-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy powder material and the preparation method thereof, the finally prepared aluminum alloy powder material can resist high temperature through cooperation of electroslag remelting and supersonic flame spraying particle impact, the tensile strength is not lower than 360 MPa at the high temperature of 300 DEG C, the yield strength is not lower than 260 MPa, and the tensile strength is far higher than the requirement that the tensile strength is not lower than 200 MPa at the high temperature of 300 DEG C of a high-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy material in the industry; the method is especially suitable for the 3D printing field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and specifically relates to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the field of 3D printing, it is well known in the industry that the material properties of the aluminum alloy materials used deteriorate after 3D printing; therefore, it is particularly important in the field of 3D printing for aluminum alloy materials to still maintain good mechanical properties at high temperatures.

[0003] At present, there are two main methods to improve the heat resistance of aluminum alloys. One is to add transition metal elements such as Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ce, etc. to aluminum alloys to form a large amount of AlxTMy phase in the matrix, but the type of precipitated phase is single, resulting in less than ideal improvement in alloy performance. Although increasing the number of precipitated phases is beneficial to improving the high-temperature performance of the alloy, when there are too many precipitated phases, it is easy to segregate and the brittleness of the alloy increases sharply; the other is to use Al-Fe-V-Si alloy, which can form spherical heat-resistant strengthening phases in its alloy structure to improve heat resistance, but some high-temperature unstable second phases are also formed in the alloy structure. When the temperature rises, these high-temperature unstable phases will aggregate, grow and polygonize, and even transform into phases that are harmful to the alloy, resulting in a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy, which is difficult to meet the use requirements.

[0004] Based on this, improving the heat resistance of aluminum alloys while ensuring their excellent mechanical properties has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing comprises the following components by weight percentage:

[0007] Cu: 4-5%; Mn: 0.25-0.3%; Mg: 0.65-0.72%; Ti: 0.12-0.15%; Zr: 0.05-0.1%; V: 0.05-0.1%; Ce: 0.2-0.25%, and the rest are Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0008] As a further improvement, the mass ratio of Cu to Ce is 20:1.

[0009] In a second aspect, a method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0011] Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0012] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first molten liquid is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting. At the same time, a supersonic flame sprayer is used to spray the ternary powder into the first molten liquid being electroslag remelted. After that, the second stage of electroslag remelting is carried out to obtain a second molten liquid.

[0013] Step 4: The second molten liquid is cooled to 665-670°C and allowed to stand for 1-1.5 hours;

[0014] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder;

[0015] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing.

[0016] As a further improvement, in step 2, the smelting temperature is 725-750°C.

[0017] As a further improvement, in the first stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 700A, the electroslag remelting voltage is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55 to 85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 30 to 35min.

[0018] As a further improvement, in the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 500-600A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 10-15min.

[0019] As a further improvement, the ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:50.

[0020] As a further improvement, the pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 10-12 MPa.

[0021] As a further improvement, both the first stage electroslag remelting and the second stage electroslag remelting are carried out under an inert gas protective atmosphere, and the compressed air used for atomization is also an inert gas; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.

[0022] As a further improvement, the spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine extends into the first molten liquid, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine is greater than 360 m / s.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In the present invention, after electroslag remelting and supersonic flame spraying particle impact, the aluminum alloy powder material finally obtained can withstand high temperatures. At a high temperature of 300°C, the tensile strength is not less than 360MPa, and the yield strength is not less than 260MPa, which is much higher than the industry's requirement that the tensile strength of high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy materials at 300°C is not less than 200MPa, and is particularly suitable for the field of 3D printing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific examples.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Formula 1: The ingredients are as follows by weight percentage:

[0028] Cu: 4%; Mn: 0.3%; Mg: 0.65%; Ti: 0.15%; Zr: 0.1%; V: 0.05%; Ce: 0.2%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0029] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0030] Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 725-735° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0031] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first melt is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting, and at the same time, the ternary powder is sprayed into the first melt being electroslag remelted by a supersonic flame sprayer, and then the second stage of electroslag remelting is performed to obtain the second melt. The spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer extends into the first melt, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer is greater than 360 m / s.

[0032] In the first stage of the electroslag remelting process, the remelting current is 700A, the electroslag remelting voltage is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55-85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 30min.

[0033] In the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 500A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 15min.

[0034] The ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and the remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:50.

[0035] Step 4: The second melt is cooled to 665°C and allowed to stand for 1 hour;

[0036] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the air pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 10 MPa.

[0037] The first stage of electroslag remelting and the second stage of electroslag remelting are both carried out under an inert gas protective atmosphere, and the compressed air used for atomization is also an inert gas; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.

[0038] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Formula 2: The following ingredients are included by weight percentage:

[0041] Cu: 5%, Mn: 0.25%, Mg: 0.72%, Ti: 0.12%, Zr: 0.05%, V: 0.1%, Ce: 0.25%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0042] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0043] Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 735-740° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0044] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first melt is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting, and at the same time, the ternary powder is sprayed into the first melt being electroslag remelted by a supersonic flame sprayer, and then the second stage of electroslag remelting is performed to obtain the second melt. The spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer extends into the first melt, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer is greater than 360 m / s.

[0045] In the first stage of the electroslag remelting process, the remelting current is 700A, the electroslag remelting voltage is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55-85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 35min.

[0046] In the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 600A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 10min.

[0047] The ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and the remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:50.

[0048] Step 4: The second melt is cooled to 670°C and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours;

[0049] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 11 MPa.

[0050] The first stage of electroslag remelting and the second stage of electroslag remelting are both carried out under an inert gas protective atmosphere, and the compressed air used for atomization is also an inert gas; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.

[0051] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Formula 3: The ingredients are as follows by weight percentage:

[0054] Cu: 4.4%; Mn: 0.27%; Mg: 0.7%; Ti: 0.13%; Zr: 0.07%; V: 0.07%; Ce: 0.22%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0055] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0056] Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 740-750° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0057] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first melt is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting, and at the same time, the ternary powder is sprayed into the first melt being electroslag remelted by a supersonic flame sprayer, and then the second stage of electroslag remelting is performed to obtain the second melt. The spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer extends into the first melt, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame sprayer is greater than 360 m / s.

[0058] In the first stage of the electroslag remelting process, the remelting current is 700A, the electroslag remelting voltage is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55-85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 30min.

[0059] In the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 550A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 10min.

[0060] The ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and the remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:50.

[0061] Step 4: The second melt is cooled to 665°C and allowed to stand for 1 hour;

[0062] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the air pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 12 MPa.

[0063] The first stage of electroslag remelting and the second stage of electroslag remelting are both carried out under an inert gas protective atmosphere, and the compressed air used for atomization is also an inert gas; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.

[0064] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] Formula 2: The following ingredients are included by weight percentage:

[0067] Cu: 5%, Mn: 0.25%, Mg: 0.72%, Ti: 0.12%, Zr: 0.05%, V: 0.1%, Ce: 0.25%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0068] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0069] Step 2, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V, Ce, and Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 735 to 740° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0070] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first molten liquid is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting, and then the second stage of electroslag remelting is performed to obtain the second molten liquid. In the first stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 700A, the voltage of electroslag remelting is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55-85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 35min. In the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 600A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 10min.

[0071] Step 4: The second melt is cooled to 670°C and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours;

[0072] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 11 MPa.

[0073] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] Formula 2: The following ingredients are included by weight percentage:

[0076] Cu: 5%, Mn: 0.25%, Mg: 0.72%, Ti: 0.12%, Zr: 0.05%, V: 0.1%, Ce: 0.25%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0077] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0078] Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 735-740° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0079] Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first molten liquid is subjected to the first stage of secondary smelting, and at the same time, the ternary powder is sprayed into the first molten liquid being subjected to secondary smelting by using a supersonic flame spraying machine, and then the second stage of secondary smelting is carried out to obtain the second molten liquid. The spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine extends into the first molten liquid, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine is greater than 360 m / s.

[0080] In the secondary smelting process of the first stage, the smelting temperature is 790-800°C and the time is 35 minutes.

[0081] In the second stage of secondary smelting, the smelting temperature is 790-800°C and the time is 10 minutes.

[0082] The ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and the remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:50.

[0083] Step 4: The second melt is cooled to 670°C and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours;

[0084] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 11 MPa.

[0085] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0086] Comparative Example 3

[0087] The only difference between this example and Example 2 is that in step 3 of this example, the ternary powder is sprayed into the first molten metal being electroslag remelted by using a compressed air spray gun, the compressed air spray gun is inserted into the first molten metal, and the air pressure of the compressed air used by the compressed air spray gun is 15 MPa; the rest remains unchanged.

[0088] Comparative Example 4

[0089] The only difference between this example and Example 2 is that in step 3 of this example, a plasma flame sprayer is used to spray the ternary powder into the first molten liquid being electroslag remelted, the spray gun of the plasma flame sprayer extends into the first molten liquid, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the plasma flame sprayer is 180 to 300 m / s; the rest remains unchanged.

[0090] Reference example 1

[0091] Formula 2: The following ingredients are included by weight percentage:

[0092] Cu: 5%, Mn: 0.25%, Mg: 0.72%, Ti: 0.12%, Zr: 0.05%, V: 0.1%, Ce: 0.25%, and the rest are Al and inevitable impurities.

[0093] Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio;

[0094] Step 2, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V, Ce, and Al are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 735 to 740° C. to obtain a first molten liquid;

[0095] Step 3: The first melt is cooled to 670°C and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours;

[0096] Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; wherein the pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 11 MPa.

[0097] Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder material.

[0098] 《Performance Characterization Test of Aluminum Alloy Powder Materials》

[0099] The aluminum alloy powder (such as the aluminum alloy powder material prepared in Example 1) was 3D printed using a 3D printer to establish an aluminum alloy plate model using CAD to obtain an aluminum alloy blank, and the aluminum alloy blank was modified and separated to obtain an aluminum alloy sample plate. The aluminum alloy sample plates at different temperatures (20°C, 200°C, and 300°C) were tested for mechanical properties using a universal testing machine. The test results are shown in Tables 1 to 3:

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Table 2

[0104]

[0105] Table 3

[0106]

[0107] From the above, it can be seen that the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy powder materials manufactured in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 decrease with increasing test temperature, while the elongation increases with increasing test temperature.

[0108] However, in the present invention, after electroslag remelting and supersonic flame spraying particle impact, the aluminum alloy powder material finally obtained is able to withstand high temperatures. At a high temperature of 300°C, the tensile strength is not less than 360MPa, and the yield strength is not less than 260MPa, which is much higher than the industry's requirement that the tensile strength of high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy materials at 300°C is not less than 200MPa, and is particularly suitable for the field of 3D printing.

[0109] In the present invention, electroslag remelting is coordinated with particle impact of supersonic flame spraying. At room temperature, the grain distribution inside the aluminum alloy is not much different; but at high temperature, the scale of the fine dispersed first phase and third phase is greatly slowed down. Therefore, the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy material can be significantly improved. Otherwise, its heat resistance is not much different from that of the aluminum alloy material produced by the existing smelting head.

[0110] In the present invention, although the supersonic flame spraying brings a large amount of gas into the aluminum alloy melt, the present invention does not need refining and degassing, and finally adopts the atomization powder making technology, which can produce aluminum alloy powder with the required particle size.

[0111] Test Example 1

[0112] Based on Example 2, in this test, the mass ratio of Cu to Ce was changed: the mass ratio of Cu to Ce was 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 20:2, and 20:3, respectively. It was found that the elongation of the aluminum alloy sample plate at 300°C was greatly affected. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0113] Table 4

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] At high temperatures, the stability of the first and second phases of the grains changes significantly with the different ratios of Cu and Ce, thus affecting the elongation.

[0117] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing, characterized in that: It includes the following ingredients by weight percentage: Cu: 4~5%; Mn: 0.25~0.3%; Mg: 0.65~0.72%; Ti: 0.12~0.15%; Zr：0.05～0.1％； V：0.05～0.1％； Ce: 0.2-0.25%, the rest is Al and inevitable impurities.

2. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Cu to Ce is 20:

1.

3. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, weigh the raw materials corresponding to each component according to the ratio; Step 2, Mn, Mg, Ti, Zr, V and a portion of Al are mixed and smelted to obtain a first molten liquid; Step 3: After the smelting is completed, the first molten liquid is subjected to the first stage of electroslag remelting. At the same time, a supersonic flame sprayer is used to spray the ternary powder into the first molten liquid being electroslag remelted. After that, the second stage of electroslag remelting is carried out to obtain a second molten liquid. Step 4: The second molten liquid is cooled to 665-670°C and allowed to stand for 1-1.5 hours; Step 5, cooling to 660°C, atomizing, and obtaining primary powder; Step 6: Screen the primary powder to obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing.

4. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, the melting temperature is 725-750°C.

5. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the first stage of the electroslag remelting process, the remelting current is 700A, the electroslag remelting voltage is a pulse voltage, the pulse voltage range is 55 to 85V, and the electroslag remelting time is 30 to 35min.

6. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the second stage of electroslag remelting, the remelting current is 500-600A, the voltage is 75V, and the electroslag remelting time is 10-15min.

7. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ternary powder is prepared by mixing Cu, Ce and the remaining Al in a mass ratio of 20:1:

50.

8. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure of the compressed air used during atomization is 10-12 MPa.

9. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first stage of electroslag remelting and the second stage of electroslag remelting are both carried out under an inert gas protective atmosphere, and the compressed air used for atomization is also an inert gas; the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.

10. The method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine extends into the first molten liquid, and the particle spraying speed in the spray gun of the supersonic flame spraying machine is greater than 360 m / s.

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