Real-time monitoring and control method, system and equipment of water turbine and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring and control method, system and equipment of a water turbine and a medium, and relates to the technical field of hydropower station monitoring, and the method comprises the steps that when the water quality meets the requirement, water is guided into a water inlet of the water turbine through a water guiding system; calculating predicted water parameters through sensor data in the water guide system and pre-measured water head height before the water is guided into the water inlet; adjusting the blade angle of the water turbine based on the obtained predicted water parameters to enable the generating capacity to meet requirements; after water enters the water turbine, data are collected to obtain a water parameter data curve in the water turbine, the water parameter data curve and a predicted data curve are subjected to loss comparison to obtain the number of difference points, and corresponding measures are taken according to the number of the difference points. According to the method, the predicted water parameter can be calculated, the predicted value is compared with the true value, the parameter is continuously corrected, and then the blade angle of the water turbine is adjusted in advance according to the predicted parameter, so that the defect of the French turbine in adjustment flexibility is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower station monitoring, in particular to a real-time monitoring and control method, system, equipment and medium for a water turbine. Background Art

[0002] Many hydropower stations use mixed flow turbines, also known as Francis turbines. Francis turbines are the preferred turbine type for medium head and flow conditions. They are favored for their compact structure, high efficiency and wide application. This type of turbine can effectively convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. Its design enables it to maintain good performance over a wide range of flow and head, especially in medium head applications, where it can achieve efficient energy conversion.

[0003] However, Francis turbines have certain limitations in terms of regulation flexibility. Compared with Pelton or Kaplan turbines, Francis turbines have weaker adjustment speed and response capabilities when faced with rapidly changing flow and head. This characteristic may cause power generation efficiency and stability problems in modern power systems with large fluctuations in grid demand.

[0004] In order to overcome the lack of flexibility in regulating Francis turbines and improve their performance under changing head and flow conditions, more precise water parameter control strategies need to be implemented. By finely controlling water pressure, water flow and water velocity, the operating state of the turbine can be optimized, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency and the ability to adapt to grid demand.

[0005] Although improving the accuracy of water parameter control has obvious advantages, there are many challenges in actual operation. First, real-time and accurate measurement and control of water flow parameters require high-performance sensors and advanced data processing technology. In addition, environmental factors such as temperature changes, mechanical wear and sediment accumulation may affect the accuracy of sensors and the reliability of the system. In addition, the processing of real-time data and the feedback adjustment mechanism must be fast enough to respond to rapidly changing water flow conditions.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a real-time monitoring and control method and system for a hydropower station. The invention aims to calculate the expected water pressure, flow rate and flow rate in advance before the water enters the turbine by integrating advanced sensing technology, real-time data processing algorithm and automatic adjustment mechanism, and adjust the turbine blade angle in advance according to the expected parameters to solve the lack of adjustment flexibility of the Francis turbine. The present invention also compares the actual value with the estimated value to pre-judge the fault of the hydropower station. Through this system, it is possible to achieve optimized operation of hydropower equipment such as Francis turbines, improve their adjustment flexibility and overall power generation efficiency, and better meet the needs of modern power grids. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the Francis turbine has certain limitations in terms of adjustment flexibility.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a real-time monitoring and control method for a water turbine, which includes: an on-site monitoring cabinet collects water tank sensor data to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements. If so, the water is introduced into the water inlet of the turbine through a water guide system; before the water is introduced into the water inlet, the on-site monitoring cabinet calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured head height, and the water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow velocity; the on-site monitoring cabinet adjusts the angle of the turbine blades based on the obtained expected water parameters so that the power generation meets the demand; after the water enters the turbine, the water parameter data curve inside the turbine is obtained based on the sensor in the turbine, and the water parameter data curve is compared with the expected data curve for loss. If the loss comparison is greater than a preset threshold, the difference points are calibrated and the number of difference points is checked, and corresponding measures are taken according to the number of difference points; the expected data curve is obtained by fitting the historical data of the turbine through a neural network algorithm.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring and control method of the turbine described in the present invention, the method of judging whether the water quality meets the requirements includes obtaining suspended matter coverage, pH value and conductivity index data in the reservoir based on the reservoir sensor data, and comparing the index data with the index threshold to judge whether the requirements are met.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring and control method of the water turbine of the present invention, the calculation of the expected water parameters includes setting a measuring point at a predetermined interval in the water guide system to measure the water parameters; calculating the expected water parameters based on the water head height, the water flow rate calculation formula is expressed as: , in, Expressed as water flow rate, Expressed as the acceleration due to gravity, It is expressed as the water head height, Expressed as head loss; head loss The calculation formula is expressed as: , in, Expressed as the friction factor, according to the Moody diagram, is the length of the waterway, Expressed as the diameter of the waterway; based on the water flow rate calculation formula and the head loss The calculation formula and the location of each measuring point in the water diversion system are used to obtain the final interval water flow rate The formula is expressed as, , in, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The water head height at each measuring point, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The length of the waterway at each measuring point, Expressed as the total number of measurement points.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring and control method of the water turbine of the present invention, the calculation of the expected water parameters also includes the calculation formula of the water pressure being expressed as: , The flow rate calculation formula is expressed as: , in, is the water density, It is expressed as the cross-sectional area of ​​the waterway of the water diversion system; the calculated expected water parameters are loaded into the system, and the water diversion work is started. The real water parameters collected at each measuring point are collected, and the real friction factor of each measuring point interval is inferred based on the real water parameters through the interval water flow rate formula , and Update and replace, and calculate the total friction factor between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet according to the mean formula It is expressed as, , against , subtract the actual friction factor of each measuring point from the friction factor and the maximum allowable threshold For comparison, if , it is judged as an abnormal measurement point. , which is a normal measuring point; when the number of abnormal measuring points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two abnormal measuring points are not continuous, it is determined to be a sensor failure, and the normal operation of the hydropower station is maintained, but the friction factor data at the abnormal measuring points are removed for comparison, and the sensors at the abnormal measuring points are repaired when the hydropower station is idle; when the number of abnormal measuring points is greater than 2, or the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two abnormal measuring points are continuous, it is determined to be a water diversion system failure or there are foreign objects in the water quality, and the operation of the hydropower station is stopped and repaired.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the real-time monitoring and control method of the turbine of the present invention, the method of adjusting the turbine blade angle based on the estimated water parameter comprises: The total head height between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet collected in advance , substituted into the interval water velocity formula to obtain the expected turbine inlet flow rate ; According to the water flow rate Calculate the effective head It is expressed as, , according to Calculate the input flow rate before entering the blade It is expressed as, , in, Expressed as blade angle; according to Calculate the force acting on the blade , and then the torque generated by the turbine after the force is obtained With speed , expressed as, , , , in, It is expressed as the output water velocity after passing through the guide vane, The value of k is calculated and fitted based on the specifications of different turbines. Expressed as the guide wheel radius, It is expressed as the diameter of the guide wheel; the constraint set based on the maximum working state of the turbine is expressed as, , , in, and They are respectively expressed as the maximum allowable operating speed and torque of the turbine; according to the speed Calculate the angular velocity of the rotor connected to the stator It is expressed as, , Then calculate the expected power generation It is expressed as, , in, Expressed as conversion efficiency; replace the expected power generation with the required power generation, and load the expected water parameters calculated before the water inlet into the system to infer the blade angle , control the current blade angle to to satisfy the calculated Greater than or equal to the required power generation.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring and control method of the turbine described in the present invention, the loss comparison of the water parameter data curve with the expected data curve includes: loading the expected water parameters into a pre-trained neural network model to obtain the expected data curve, and obtaining the actual water parameter data curve through the internal sensor of the turbine; the loss comparison of the water parameter data curve with the expected data curve is carried out, and the comparison rule is to use the measuring point of the internal sensor of the turbine as a reference, calibrate the corresponding data points in the water parameter data curve, subtract the values ​​corresponding to the data points in the water parameter data curve from the values ​​corresponding to the data points in the expected data curve, obtain the difference value and compare it with the preset threshold value, if it is greater than the preset threshold value, mark the corresponding points in the water parameter data curve as difference points.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the real-time monitoring and control method of the turbine described in the present invention, the corresponding measures according to the number of difference points include: when the number of difference points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of difference points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two difference points are not continuous, it is determined that the sensor is faulty, the normal operation of the hydropower station is maintained, the difference points are marked as idle, and the sensors at the difference points are repaired when the hydropower station is idle; when the number of difference points is greater than 2, or the number of difference points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two difference points are continuous, it is determined that an abnormality occurs inside the turbine, the current turbine is stopped, the water resources that should flow into the current turbine are introduced into the remaining turbines through the water diversion system, and the blade angles of the remaining turbines are adjusted according to the required power generation and constraints to meet the demand, and the current turbine is repaired.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring and control system for a water turbine, which can monitor and control the hydropower station in real time, adjust the angle of the water turbine blades to ensure that the power generation meets the demand, and can pre-judge faults.

[0017] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a system for real-time monitoring and control methods of a water turbine, comprising: a water reservoir monitoring module, a water guide system monitoring module, a blade angle control module and a water turbine monitoring module; the water reservoir monitoring module collects water reservoir sensor data to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements, and if so, introduces the water into the water inlet of the water turbine through the water guide system; the water guide system monitoring module calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured head height before introducing the water into the water inlet, and the water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow rate; the blade angle control module adjusts the turbine blade angle based on the obtained expected water parameters so that the power generation meets the demand; after the water enters the water turbine, the turbine monitoring module obtains the water parameter data curve inside the water turbine based on the sensor in the water turbine, compares the water parameter data curve with the expected data curve for loss, and if the loss comparison is greater than the preset threshold, calibrates the difference points and checks the number of difference points, and takes corresponding measures according to the number of difference points.

[0018] A computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine when executing the computer program.

[0019] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the real-time monitoring and control method for a water turbine as described above.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: before water resources enter the turbine, the present invention can calculate the expected water pressure, flow rate and flow rate in advance, compare the expected value with the actual value, continuously correct the parameters, enhance the authenticity of the expected value, and then adjust the turbine blade angle in advance according to the expected parameters to solve the deficiency of the Francis turbine in adjustment flexibility.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention can make a fault pre-judgment for the hydropower station by performing a threshold comparison between the estimated value and the real value measured by the sensor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the real-time monitoring and control method of the turbine in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2This is a module structure diagram of a real-time monitoring and control system for a hydropower station in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and which provides a real-time monitoring and control method for a water turbine, including: Figure 1 As shown: Step 1: The on-site monitoring cabinet collects the data from the water tank sensor to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements. If so, the water is introduced into the turbine inlet through the water guide system.

[0028] The on-site monitoring cabinet is mainly responsible for the collection, analysis, storage, communication, display, alarm, human-computer interaction and other tasks of sensor status data such as water pressure, flow rate and flow velocity.

[0029] Each unit is equipped with a local monitoring cabinet. The local monitoring hardware of each unit is arranged in a standard cabinet beside the unit (right bank) or in the unit control room (left bank). The cabinet must adopt the model and style consistent with the latest cabinet style installed on site for each unit in the power station.

[0030] Based on the reservoir sensor data, the suspended matter coverage, pH value and conductivity index data in the reservoir are obtained, and the index data are compared with the index threshold to determine whether the requirements are met.

[0031] If the suspended matter coverage is greater than the threshold, flocculants are added to the water to aggregate the particles into agglomerates for removal by sedimentation or flotation, and a filter is added before the water is introduced into the turbine inlet to filter out the suspended matter.

[0032] If the pH value is greater than the threshold, water is selectively taken, and the pH value of water in reservoirs at different depths or in different areas is measured. For regional water greater than the threshold, it is discharged by controlling the gates of the drainage system, and the regional water that meets the requirements is introduced into the turbine water inlet; if there is a pH gradient in the reservoir, that is, the pH values ​​of water layers in different depth intervals are different, the continuous shutdown between the gates of the drainage system and the gates of the water diversion system is controlled to ensure that the water resources entering the water diversion system meet the requirements.

[0033] If the conductivity is greater than the threshold, low-mineralization water will be introduced for dilution, or all water resources in the reservoir will be discharged, the sewage discharge from the upstream sewage outlet will be adjusted, the entry of high-salt water into the upstream will be restricted, and water resources will be stored in the reservoir again.

[0034] The regulation of sewage discharge in the upstream sewage outlet here is to temporarily restrict the sewage discharge to the upstream river. The restriction will be lifted when the hydropower station stops generating electricity or the water quality meets the demand.

[0035] Step 2: Before the water is introduced into the water inlet, the on-site monitoring cabinet calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured head height, and the water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow rate.

[0036] A measuring point is set at a predetermined interval in the water guide system to measure water parameters; the expected water parameters are calculated based on the water head height, and the water flow rate calculation formula is expressed as: , in, Expressed as water flow rate, Expressed as the acceleration due to gravity, It is expressed as the water head height, Expressed as head loss.

[0037] Head loss The calculation formula is expressed as: , in, Expressed as the friction factor, according to the Moody diagram, is the length of the waterway, Expressed as the diameter of the water channel.

[0038] Based on the water flow rate calculation formula and the head loss The calculation formula of and the location of each measuring point in the water diversion system, the final interval water flow rate formula is expressed as: , in, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The water head height at each measuring point, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The length of the waterway at each measuring point, Expressed as the total number of measurement points.

[0039] The calculation formula of water pressure is expressed as: , The flow calculation formula is expressed as: , in, is the water density, Expressed as the cross-sectional area of ​​the waterway in the aqueduct system.

[0040] The calculated estimated water parameters are loaded into the system, and the water diversion work is started. The real water parameters collected at each measuring point are collected. Based on the real water parameters, the real friction factor of each measuring point interval is inferred through the interval water flow rate formula. , and Update and replace, and calculate the total friction factor between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet according to the mean formula It is expressed as, , against , subtract the actual friction factor of each measuring point from the friction factor and the maximum allowable threshold For comparison, if , it is judged as an abnormal measurement point. , which is the normal measuring point.

[0041] When the number of abnormal measuring points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two abnormal measuring points are not continuous, it is determined to be a sensor failure, and the normal operation of the hydropower station is maintained, but the friction factor data comparison at the abnormal measuring points is removed, and the sensors at the abnormal measuring points are repaired when the hydropower station is idle.

[0042] When the number of abnormal measuring points is greater than 2, or the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of two abnormal measuring points are continuous, it is determined that there is a water diversion system failure or foreign matter in the water quality, and the operation of the hydropower station is stopped and maintenance is carried out.

[0043] Explanation: Because the water flow of the hydropower station is very large, the sensors are constantly washed and corroded by water resources and will inevitably be damaged. Therefore, if monitoring abnormalities are found in only one or two places, it is very likely that the reason is a sensor failure. However, if monitoring abnormalities are found in multiple places, it must be because of system failure or foreign matter in the water body and excessive sediment. The continuous positions mentioned above are if the two measuring points are far apart. According to historical data, it is generally caused by sensor failure. However, if two consecutive measuring points are abnormal, it means that abnormalities have occurred in a section of the area. It is most likely due to system and water body reasons, because the probability of sensors in adjacent areas failing at the same time is extremely low.

[0044] Step 3: The on-site monitoring cabinet adjusts the turbine blade angle based on the estimated water parameters so that the power generation meets the demand.

[0045] The calculated total friction factor The total head height between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet collected in advance , substituted into the interval water velocity formula to obtain the expected turbine inlet flow rate It is expressed as, , According to the water flow rate Calculate the effective head It is expressed as, , according to Calculate the input flow rate before entering the blade It is expressed as, , in, Expressed as blade angle.

[0046] according to Calculate the force acting on the blade , and then the torque generated by the turbine after the force is obtained With speed , expressed as, , , , in, It is expressed as the output water velocity after passing through the guide vane, generally The value of k is calculated and fitted based on the specifications of different turbines. Expressed as the guide wheel radius, Expressed as the guide wheel diameter.

[0047] The constraint based on the maximum operable state of the turbine is expressed as: , , in, and They are respectively represented as the maximum allowable operating speed and torque of the turbine.

[0048] According to the speed Calculate the angular velocity of the rotor connected to the stator It is expressed as, , Then calculate the expected power generation It is expressed as, , in, Expressed as conversion efficiency; replace the expected power generation with the required power generation, and load the expected water parameters calculated before the water inlet into the system to infer the blade angle , control the current blade angle to to satisfy the calculated Greater than or equal to the required power generation.

[0049] Further explanation: the blade angle deduced at this time is This is the optimal blade angle. The blade angle needs to be adjusted in advance before water enters the turbine. Because the blade angle is different each time due to different working conditions, the blade angle is an unknown quantity. Therefore, the flow rate is previously input. The quantities linked to the blade angle are all unknown. For the sake of logical completeness, the present invention explains the relationship between the quantities in advance. After replacing the expected power generation with the required power generation, because the guide wheel radius and k are fixed parameters and are known quantities, so is a known quantity, The known quantity is obtained from the turbine manual and actual measurement, so it can be calculated Then infer , due to the guide wheel diameter is a known quantity, which can be obtained according to get , and then infer the blade angle , at this time It can meet the required power generation after replacement, so it is the optimal blade angle.

[0050] Step 4: After water enters the turbine, the water parameter data curve inside the turbine is obtained based on the sensor inside the turbine, and the water parameter data curve is compared with the expected data curve for loss. If the loss comparison is greater than the preset threshold, the difference points are calibrated and the number of difference points is checked, and corresponding measures are taken according to the number of difference points.

[0051] The predicted water parameters are loaded into a pre-trained neural network model to obtain a predicted data curve, and the actual water parameter data curve is obtained through collection by sensors inside the turbine.

[0052] The water parameter data curve is compared with the expected data curve for loss. The comparison rule is to use the measuring point of the sensor inside the turbine as the benchmark, calibrate the corresponding data points in the water parameter data curve, subtract the values ​​corresponding to the data points in the water parameter data curve from those in the expected data curve, obtain the difference value and compare it with the preset threshold value. If it is greater than the preset threshold value, the corresponding point in the water parameter data curve is marked as a difference point.

[0053] When the number of difference points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of difference points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two difference points are not continuous, it is determined to be a sensor failure. The normal operation of the hydropower station is maintained, and the difference points are marked in gray for idle treatment. The sensors at the difference points are repaired when the hydropower station is idle.

[0054] When the number of difference points is greater than 2, or the number of difference points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two difference points are continuous, it is determined that an abnormality occurs inside the turbine, and the current turbine is stopped. The water resources that should flow into the current turbine are introduced into the remaining turbines through the water diversion system, and the blade angles of the remaining turbines are adjusted according to the required power generation and constraints to meet the demand, and the current turbine is repaired.

[0055] The estimated data curve is obtained by fitting the historical data of the turbine through the neural network algorithm as follows: 1. Design a neural network with an input layer, two hidden layers and an output layer, which is mathematically expressed as: Input layer: input vector in is the number of input features.

[0056] First hidden layer: , in is the weight matrix of the first hidden layer, is the bias vector, is the activation function (such as ReLU).

[0057] Second hidden layer: , in and are the weight matrix and bias vector for the second hidden layer.

[0058] Output layer: , in is the output vector containing the predicted image curve, and are the weight matrix and bias vector of the output layer.

[0059] 2. Training process Training a neural network is mainly done by minimizing the loss function through optimization algorithms (such as gradient descent). For regression tasks, the mean square error (MSE) is usually used as the loss function: Loss function: , in is the true value of the i-th sample, is the predicted value of the model and n is the number of samples.

[0060] Optimization: by calculating the gradient of the loss function and updating the weights and biases: , in, It is represented as learning rate.

[0061] 3. Prediction Process Given new input data x, the output is calculated through forward propagation: , Here Contains the predicted image curve.

[0062] Example 2 The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine also includes: in order to verify and illustrate the technical effects adopted in this method, this embodiment adopts a traditional technical solution and the method of the present invention for comparative testing, and compares the test results by means of scientific demonstration to verify the real effect of this method.

[0063] Experimental group settings: Experimental Group A (method of the present invention): The water pressure, flow rate and flow velocity were calculated using a prediction model, and the guide vane angle was adjusted according to the predicted values.

[0064] Experimental Group B (Prior Art): Uses the traditional reactive control strategy, which adjusts the guide vane angle only based on real-time sensor data without the involvement of a predictive model.

[0065] Test parameters: Response time: The time from parameter change to guide adjustment completion.

[0066] Power generation efficiency: the ratio of actual power generation to maximum theoretical power generation.

[0067] Safety and Failure Rates: Record any safety incidents or failures that occur during operation.

[0068] Data collection: The two experimental groups were loaded into the hydropower unit simulation model for simulation. Each group of experiments was simulated for at least 6 months to collect sufficient operating data.

[0069] The experimental data obtained are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Experimental data comparison table , Response time: The present invention significantly reduces the time required for guide blade adjustment from 15 seconds to 11 seconds through advance prediction and adjustment.

[0070] Power generation efficiency: The present invention improves the power generation efficiency of the turbine from 87% to 92% through more optimized guide vane angle adjustment.

[0071] Safety accidents and number of fault judgment errors: Due to more accurate water flow control and timely guide vane adjustment to reduce mechanical stress and wear, the present invention has higher operational safety and lower failure rate. In addition, by comparing the estimated value with the actual value measured by the sensor, the present invention can make more accurate fault prejudgments for hydropower stations and reduce the number of wrong judgments.

[0072] Example 3 Reference Figure 2 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, and is different from the previous two embodiments in that: a system for the real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine comprises a reservoir monitoring module, a water guide system monitoring module, a blade angle control module and a water turbine monitoring module; the reservoir monitoring module collects reservoir sensor data to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements, and if so, introduces the water into the water inlet of the turbine through the water guide system; the water guide system monitoring module calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured head height before introducing the water into the water inlet, and the water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow velocity; the blade angle control module adjusts the turbine blade angle based on the obtained expected water parameters so that the power generation meets the requirements; after the water enters the turbine, the turbine monitoring module obtains the water parameter data curve inside the turbine based on the sensor in the turbine, compares the water parameter data curve with the expected data curve, and if the loss comparison is greater than the preset threshold, calibrates the difference points and checks the number of difference points, and takes corresponding measures according to the number of difference points.

[0073] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.

[0074] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.

[0075] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering or, if necessary, processing in another suitable manner, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0076] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0077] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and control method for a water turbine, characterized in that: include, The on-site monitoring cabinet collects the data from the water tank sensors to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements. If so, the water is introduced into the turbine inlet through the water guide system. Before the water is introduced into the water inlet, the on-site monitoring cabinet calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured water head height, and the water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow rate; The on-site monitoring cabinet adjusts the turbine blade angle based on the estimated water parameters so that the power generation meets the demand; After water enters the turbine, the water parameter data curve inside the turbine is obtained based on the sensor inside the turbine, and the water parameter data curve is compared with the expected data curve for loss. If the loss comparison is greater than the preset threshold, the difference point is calibrated and the number of difference points is checked, and corresponding measures are taken according to the number of difference points; The predicted data curve is obtained by fitting the historical data of the turbine through a neural network algorithm.

2. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining whether the water quality meets the requirements includes obtaining suspended matter coverage, pH value and conductivity index data in the reservoir based on reservoir sensor data, and comparing the index data with index thresholds to determine whether the requirements are met.

3. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation of the expected water parameters includes setting a measuring point at a predetermined interval in the water guide system to measure the water parameters; calculating the expected water parameters based on the water head height, and the water flow rate calculation formula is expressed as: ， in, Expressed as water flow rate, Expressed as the acceleration due to gravity, It is expressed as the water head height, Expressed as head loss; Head loss The calculation formula is expressed as: ， in, Expressed as the friction factor, according to the Moody diagram, is the length of the waterway, Expressed as the diameter of the waterway; Based on the water flow rate calculation formula and the head loss The calculation formula and the location of each measuring point in the water diversion system are used to obtain the final interval water flow rate The formula is expressed as, ， in, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The water head height at each measuring point, Represents the water outlet of the reservoir to the The length of the waterway at each measuring point, Expressed as the total number of measurement points.

4. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation of the estimated water parameters also includes the calculation formula of the water pressure being expressed as: ， The flow rate calculation formula is expressed as: ， in, is the water density, It is expressed as the cross-sectional area of ​​the waterway of the aqueduct system; The calculated estimated water parameters are loaded into the system, and the water diversion work is started. The real water parameters collected at each measuring point are collected. Based on the real water parameters, the real friction factor of each measuring point interval is inferred through the interval water flow rate formula. , and Update and replace, and calculate the total friction factor between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet according to the mean formula It is expressed as, ， against , subtract the actual friction factor of each measuring point from the friction factor and the maximum allowable threshold For comparison, if , it is judged as an abnormal measurement point. , is the normal measuring point; When the number of abnormal measuring points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two abnormal measuring points are not continuous, it is determined to be a sensor failure, and the hydropower station is kept in normal operation, but the friction factor data comparison at the abnormal measuring point is removed, and the sensor at the abnormal measuring point is repaired when the hydropower station is idle; When the number of abnormal measuring points is greater than 2, or the number of abnormal measuring points is equal to 2, and the positions of two abnormal measuring points are continuous, it is determined that there is a water diversion system failure or foreign matter in the water quality, and the operation of the hydropower station is stopped and maintenance is carried out.

5. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting of the turbine blade angle based on the estimated water parameter comprises: The total head height between the reservoir outlet and the turbine inlet collected in advance , substituted into the interval water velocity formula to obtain the expected turbine inlet flow rate ; According to the water flow rate Calculate the effective head It is expressed as, ， according to Calculate the input flow rate before entering the blade It is expressed as, ， in, Expressed as blade angle; according to Calculate the force acting on the blade , and then the torque generated by the turbine after the force is obtained With speed , expressed as, ， ， ， in, It is expressed as the output water velocity after passing through the guide vane, The value of k is calculated and fitted based on the specifications of different turbines. Expressed as the guide wheel radius, Expressed as the guide wheel diameter; The constraint based on the maximum operable state of the turbine is expressed as: ， ， in, and They are respectively expressed as the maximum allowable operating speed and torque of the turbine; According to the speed Calculate the angular velocity of the rotor connected to the stator It is expressed as, ， Then calculate the expected power generation It is expressed as, ， in, It is expressed as transformation efficiency; The expected power generation is replaced by the required power generation, and the expected water parameters calculated before the water inlet are loaded into the system to infer the blade angle. , control the current blade angle to to satisfy the calculated Greater than or equal to the required power generation.

6. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The loss comparison between the water parameter data curve and the predicted data curve includes loading the predicted water parameter into a pre-trained neural network model to obtain the predicted data curve, and collecting the actual water parameter data curve through a sensor inside the turbine; The water parameter data curve is compared with the expected data curve for loss. The comparison rule is to use the measuring point of the sensor inside the turbine as the benchmark, calibrate the corresponding data points in the water parameter data curve, subtract the values ​​corresponding to the data points in the water parameter data curve from those in the expected data curve, obtain the difference value and compare it with the preset threshold value. If it is greater than the preset threshold value, the corresponding point in the water parameter data curve is marked as a difference point.

7. The real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The corresponding measures according to the number of difference points include: when the number of difference points is less than or equal to 2, and if the number of difference points is equal to 2, when the positions of the two difference points are not continuous, it is determined that the sensor is faulty, the normal operation of the hydropower station is maintained, the difference points are marked as gray for idle processing, and the sensors at the difference points are repaired when the hydropower station is idle; When the number of difference points is greater than 2, or the number of difference points is equal to 2, and the positions of the two difference points are continuous, it is determined that an abnormality occurs inside the turbine, and the current turbine is stopped. The water resources that should flow into the current turbine are introduced into the remaining turbines through the water diversion system, and the blade angles of the remaining turbines are adjusted according to the required power generation and constraints to meet the demand, and the current turbine is repaired.

8. A system using the real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a water reservoir monitoring module, a water guide system monitoring module, a blade angle control module and a turbine monitoring module; The water reservoir monitoring module collects water reservoir sensor data to determine whether the water quality meets the requirements. If so, the water is introduced into the water inlet of the turbine through the water guide system. The water guide system monitoring module calculates the expected water parameters through the sensor data in the water guide system and the pre-measured water head height before the water is introduced into the water inlet. The water parameters include water pressure, flow rate and flow rate. The blade angle control module adjusts the turbine blade angle based on the obtained estimated water parameters so that the power generation meets the demand; After water enters the turbine, the turbine monitoring module obtains the water parameter data curve inside the turbine based on the sensor inside the turbine, and compares the water parameter data curve with the expected data curve for loss. If the loss comparison is greater than a preset threshold, the difference points are calibrated and the number of difference points is checked, and corresponding measures are taken according to the number of difference points.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the real-time monitoring and control method of a water turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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