Spectral chip and electronic device

Abstract

The invention provides a spectrum chip and an electronic device, the spectrum chip comprises a light splitting unit and a plurality of light sensing units, the light splitting unit has a light incident side and a light emergent side which are oppositely arranged, the plurality of light sensing units are arranged on the light emergent side of the light splitting unit, each light sensing unit has a light sensing area which is oppositely arranged with the light splitting unit, the plurality of light sensing areas have different areas, so that the light splitting unit is suitable for respectively providing light signals with different luminous fluxes for the plurality of light sensing units under the condition that the light intensity of the light incident side is the same, and the light signals are converted into electric signals by the corresponding light sensing units. By setting the photosensitive areas with different areas, the plurality of photosensitive units can obtain luminous fluxes with different sizes, and the system can select the most suitable image corresponding to the photosensitive unit according to the actual illumination condition, thereby effectively reducing the overexposure or too dark condition, and improving the imaging quality problem when the illumination environment changes drastically.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of spectral imaging, and in particular to spectral chips and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] A spectral chip is a miniaturized chip that integrates multiple optical components. Its main function is to detect and analyze substances by analyzing the wavelength and intensity information of light. Spectral chips have a wide range of applications, including but not limited to environmental protection, agriculture, weather forecasting, medical treatment and other fields. For example, through spectral chips, objects, gases, water quality, etc. in the environment can be accurately analyzed and identified.

[0003] In the related art, the light splitting unit and the light sensing unit correspond one to one, and one light sensing unit is set under one light splitting unit, and the light sensitivity of each pixel is fixed. When the lighting environment changes dramatically, such as entering a strong light environment from a tunnel, or entering a dark light environment from a strong light environment, the light sensitivity of each pixel is fixed, and overexposure or darkening will occur, affecting the image quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a spectral chip and an electronic device, which can improve the problem in the related art that the imaging quality is affected when the lighting environment changes drastically.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spectral chip, comprising:

[0006] The light splitting unit has a light input side and a light output side which are arranged opposite to each other; and

[0007] Multiple photosensitive units are arranged on the light-emitting side of the light-splitting unit, each photosensitive unit has a photosensitive area arranged opposite to the light-splitting unit, and the multiple photosensitive areas have different areas, so that under the same light intensity conditions on the light-incident side, the light-splitting unit is suitable for providing light signals with different luminous fluxes to the multiple photosensitive units respectively, and the corresponding photosensitive units convert them into electrical signals.

[0008] In one embodiment, the plurality of photosensitive areas include a first photosensitive area, a second photosensitive area, and a third photosensitive area;

[0009] The area of ​​the first photosensitive region is larger than that of the second photosensitive region, and the area of ​​the second photosensitive region is larger than that of the third photosensitive region.

[0010] In one embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area is between 0.5 and 0.8; and / or;

[0011] The ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area is between 0.5 and 0.8.

[0012] In one embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area is 2 / 3; and / or;

[0013] The ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area is 2 / 3.

[0014] In one embodiment, the number of the second photosensitive areas and the third photosensitive areas is greater than the number of the first photosensitive areas.

[0015] In one embodiment, one first photosensitive area is provided, and a plurality of second photosensitive areas and a plurality of third photosensitive areas are arranged together on the periphery of the first photosensitive area.

[0016] In one embodiment, there are four second photosensitive areas, and there are four third photosensitive areas. The four second photosensitive areas, the four third photosensitive areas, and one first photosensitive area are arranged in a 3*3 array.

[0017] In one embodiment, a plurality of the second photosensitive areas and a plurality of the third photosensitive areas are alternately arranged around the first photosensitive area.

[0018] In one embodiment, the spectral chip further includes a light shielding structure;

[0019] The plurality of photosensitive units have the same area, and at least part of the photosensitive units have a light shielding region opposite to the light shielding structure, so that the plurality of photosensitive regions have different areas.

[0020] In one embodiment, the light splitting unit includes a first light splitting area and a plurality of second light splitting areas arranged around the first light splitting area;

[0021] The plurality of photosensitive units include a first photosensitive unit and a plurality of second photosensitive units arranged around the first photosensitive unit;

[0022] In which, the shading structure is arranged around the light-splitting unit, the first photosensitive unit is opposite to the first light-splitting area to form the photosensitive area of ​​the first photosensitive unit, a plurality of second photosensitive units respectively correspond to a plurality of second light-splitting areas one by one, a part of each of the second photosensitive units is opposite to the second light-splitting area to form the photosensitive area of ​​the second photosensitive unit, and a part of each of the second photosensitive units is opposite to the shading structure to form the shading area of ​​the second photosensitive unit.

[0023] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising the above-mentioned spectral chip.

[0024] In one embodiment, the electronic device further includes an analog-to-digital converter, which is disposed on a side of the plurality of photosensitive units away from the light-splitting unit, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the electrical signal to obtain a grayscale digital image.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention:

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of photosensitive units are arranged on the light-emitting side of the photosensitive unit, each photosensitive unit has a photosensitive area arranged opposite to the photosensitive unit, and the plurality of photosensitive areas have different areas, so that under the same light intensity conditions on the light-incident side, the photosensitive unit is suitable for providing light signals with different luminous fluxes to the plurality of photosensitive units respectively, and the signals are converted into electrical signals by the corresponding photosensitive units. In a dark light environment, a photosensitive unit with a large photosensitive area is used to ensure that the photosensitive unit has sufficient luminous flux, thereby improving image brightness and clarity. In a strong light environment, a photosensitive unit with a small photosensitive area is used to avoid excessive light from entering the photosensitive unit, thereby avoiding overexposure. Since a plurality of photosensitive units can obtain luminous fluxes of different sizes, the system can select the most suitable photosensitive unit according to actual lighting conditions, thereby effectively reducing overexposure or too dark conditions and improving the overall imaging quality. Photosensitive units with different photosensitive areas can cover different lighting conditions from weak light to strong light, thereby expanding the dynamic range of the imaging system, so that the image can maintain good contrast and details under various lighting conditions. That is, in an embodiment of the present invention, by setting photosensitive areas of different areas, multiple photosensitive units can obtain luminous fluxes of different sizes, and the system can select the image corresponding to the most suitable photosensitive unit according to the actual lighting conditions, effectively reducing overexposure or too dark conditions, and improving the imaging quality problem when the lighting environment changes drastically. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a spectral chip provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of the spectral chip in FIG.

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the spectral chip at AA;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of a plurality of photosensitive units in FIG.

[0032] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic top view of the light splitting unit in FIG.

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the spectral imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0036] 1000, electronic device; 100, spectrum chip; 10, spectroscopic unit; 101, light incident side; 102, light exiting side; 11, first spectroscopic area; 12, second spectroscopic area; 20, photosensitive unit; 201, photosensitive area; 2011, first photosensitive area; 2012, second photosensitive area; 2013, third photosensitive area; 202, light shielding area; 21, first photosensitive unit; 22, second photosensitive unit; 30, light shielding structure; 40, substrate; 200, analog-to-digital converter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the drawings; while "inside" and "outside" refer to the outline of the device.

[0038] Combine the following Figures 1 to 5 Describe the spectral chip of the present application, Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a spectral chip provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a spectral chip provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a spectral chip provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a plurality of photosensitive units provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 A schematic top view of a light splitting unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 ( Figure 3 In the figure, the dotted line indicates the boundary between the first light splitting area 11 and the second light splitting area 12 in the light splitting unit 10, and the dotted line indicates the boundary between the photosensitive area 201 and the light shielding area 202 in the photosensitive unit 20. In order to avoid confusion with the boundary line, Figure 3 The spectral chip 100 includes a spectroscopic unit 10 and a plurality of photosensitive units 20. The spectroscopic unit 10 has a light incident side 101 and a light exit side 102 which are arranged opposite to each other. The plurality of photosensitive units 20 are arranged on the light exit side 102 of the spectroscopic unit 10. Each photosensitive unit 20 has a photosensitive area 201 which is arranged opposite to the spectroscopic unit 10. The plurality of photosensitive areas 201 have different areas, so that under the same light intensity condition on the light incident side 101, the spectroscopic unit 10 is suitable for providing light signals with different light fluxes to the plurality of photosensitive units 20 respectively, and the light signals are converted into electrical signals by the corresponding photosensitive units 20.

[0040] In the spectrum chip 100 of the present invention, a plurality of photosensitive units 20 are arranged on the light-outgoing side 102 of the light-splitting unit 10, and each photosensitive unit 20 has a photosensitive area 201 arranged opposite to the light-splitting unit 10, and the plurality of photosensitive areas 201 have different areas, so that under the same light intensity condition on the light-incoming side 101, the light-splitting unit 10 is suitable for providing light signals of different light fluxes to the plurality of photosensitive units 20 respectively, and the light signals are converted into electrical signals by the corresponding photosensitive units 20. In a dark light environment, a photosensitive unit 20 with a large light-sensitive area 201 is used to ensure that the photosensitive unit 20 has sufficient light flux, thereby improving the image brightness. In order to improve the image quality and clarity, in a strong light environment, a photosensitive unit 20 with a small photosensitive area 201 is used to prevent too much light from entering the photosensitive unit 20 and avoid overexposure. Since multiple photosensitive units 20 can obtain light fluxes of different sizes, the system can select the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 according to the actual lighting conditions, effectively reducing the situation of overexposure or too dark, and improving the overall imaging quality. Photosensitive units 20 with photosensitive areas 201 of different areas can cover different lighting conditions from weak light to strong light, expanding the dynamic range of the imaging system, so that the image can maintain good contrast and details under various lighting conditions. That is, in an embodiment of the present invention, by setting photosensitive areas 201 of different areas, multiple photosensitive units 20 can obtain light fluxes of different sizes, and the system can select the image corresponding to the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 according to the actual lighting conditions, effectively reducing the situation of overexposure or too dark, and improving the imaging quality problem when the lighting environment changes drastically.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the spectral chip 100 further includes a substrate 40, which is disposed on the side of the plurality of photosensitive units 20 away from the spectroscopic unit 10. In these embodiments, the substrate 40, as the basic structure of the entire spectral chip 100, provides the necessary mechanical support, which ensures that the spectroscopic unit 10, the photosensitive unit 20 and other components can be firmly assembled together to prevent deformation or damage during manufacturing, installation or use. The substrate 40 generally includes pre-designed circuit wiring for connecting the photosensitive unit 20 and other electronic components (such as an analog-to-digital converter 200, a control device, etc.). These circuit wirings are responsible for transmitting the electrical signal generated by the photosensitive unit 20 to the subsequent processing unit to ensure efficient signal transmission. The substrate 40 can also provide a good grounding path, reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and improve the system's anti-noise ability and stability. In addition, the substrate 40 can also play a certain shielding role to protect the internal circuit from the influence of the external electromagnetic environment. The photosensitive unit 20 and the electronic components will generate heat when working. The substrate 40 generally has good thermal conductivity, which can effectively conduct the heat away and keep the operating temperature of the spectral chip 100 within a reasonable range. This is critical to maintaining the long-term stability and reliability of the spectral chip 100. The substrate 40 can be used as part of the package to provide additional physical protection to prevent dust, moisture and other contaminants from entering the interior of the spectral chip 100, thereby extending the service life of the chip. The design of the substrate 40 usually also takes into account the integration requirements with other systems or devices, provides standardized interfaces and installation methods, and simplifies the assembly process of the overall system. The selection of substrate 40 materials and surface treatment can also reduce unnecessary light reflections and interference, ensuring that the incident light can efficiently pass through the spectroscopic unit 10 to the photosensitive unit 20, thereby improving the imaging quality and the accuracy of spectral analysis.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 ( Figure 4In the figure, the dotted line indicates the orthographic projection boundary of the light-splitting unit 10 on the multiple photosensitive units 20), and the multiple photosensitive areas 201 include a first photosensitive area 2011, a second photosensitive area 2012, and a third photosensitive area 2013; the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 is larger than the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012, and the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is larger than the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013. In these embodiments, three photosensitive areas 201 with different areas are provided, so that the multiple photosensitive units 20 can adapt to a wide range of lighting conditions and realize multi-scale light flux management. Specifically, the photosensitive unit 20 with a large-area first photosensitive area 2011 is suitable for working under low-light conditions, and can capture more light to ensure that the dark details are clearly visible. The photosensitive unit 20 with a medium-area second photosensitive area 2012 is suitable for medium-light conditions and provides a balanced light flux, which is neither overexposed nor too dark. The photosensitive unit 20 of the small-area third photosensitive area 2013 is designed for high light conditions, reducing excessive light entering the photosensitive unit 20 and preventing overexposure of the image. The three photosensitive areas 201 of different sizes cover different lighting ranges from weak light to strong light, allowing the system to maintain good imaging quality under a wider range of lighting conditions. This helps to achieve a higher dynamic range, that is, capturing details of the brightest and darkest parts at the same time. By setting three photosensitive areas 201 of different sizes, the system can select the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 to work according to the actual lighting conditions. This hierarchical design allows for more precise control of the photosensitivity of each pixel, improving the overall resolution and sensitivity of the image.

[0043] It is understandable that the multiple photosensitive units 20 may include more photosensitive areas 201 of different areas, for example, four, five, six or more photosensitive areas 201 of different areas are introduced. Adding more photosensitive areas 201 of different areas can enable the system to cover a wider range of lighting conditions, from extremely dark to extremely bright, and provide a higher dynamic range. Each newly added photosensitive area 201 can provide the optimal luminous flux within a specific lighting interval, thereby more accurately adapting to different environments. More photosensitive areas 201 of different areas mean that the photosensitivity of each pixel can be adjusted more finely, improving the overall resolution and sensitivity of the image. Especially under extreme lighting conditions (such as very dark or very bright), more photosensitive areas 201 can ensure that details are not lost and improve image quality. More flexible adaptive capabilities are achieved through more complex intelligent selection mechanisms. The system can more accurately select the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 according to the lighting conditions, further reduce overexposure or over-darkness, and improve imaging effects. More photosensitive units 20 with photosensitive areas 201 of different areas can provide more customized solutions for these special needs. However, introducing more photosensitive areas 201 of different areas will increase the complexity of the algorithm, because the system needs to process more preset configurations and make the best choice in a short time. This may require a more powerful processor and a more efficient algorithm to achieve real-time processing, which increases hardware costs and technical difficulties. In addition, more sophisticated design and higher process levels are required in the manufacturing process to ensure that the size and position of the photosensitive area 201 of each photosensitive unit 20 meet the design requirements. This may lead to an increase in production costs and put higher demands on mass production and quality control. With the increase in the number of photosensitive units 20, how to reasonably layout these photosensitive units 20 in a limited space becomes an important issue, and a compact and efficient array arrangement becomes more critical.

[0044] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, the photosensitive area 201 only includes the first photosensitive area 2011, the second photosensitive area 2012, and the third photosensitive area 2013. By introducing three photosensitive areas 201 with different areas, the design of the intelligent selection mechanism can be simplified. The system only needs to select one of the three preset configurations according to the lighting conditions, rather than processing countless possible situations, which reduces the complexity of the algorithm and improves the response speed. For most common applications, the three photosensitive areas 201 with different areas can already meet a wide range of needs while maintaining low algorithm complexity and cost, achieving a balance between flexibility and complexity.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 is between 0.5 and 0.8. In these embodiments, the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is 0.5 to 0.8 times that of the first photosensitive area 2011, which means that the photosensitive unit 20 corresponding to the second photosensitive area 2012 can obtain an appropriate amount of light flux under medium light conditions. If the ratio is less than 0.5, the photosensitive unit 20 corresponding to the second photosensitive area 2012 may not be able to capture enough light, resulting in a dim image; if the ratio is greater than 0.8, the difference is too small, weakening its ability to adapt to different lighting conditions. This ratio range can ensure that the second photosensitive area 2012 will not introduce too much noise due to its too small area. The smaller second photosensitive area 2012 needs to maintain a certain area to collect enough photons, thereby reducing the impact of random noise and improving imaging quality. The ratio set between 0.5 and 0.8 allows the system to flexibly adjust according to lighting conditions, neither too conservative nor too aggressive, reducing algorithm complexity and improving response speed. This ratio range is relatively easy to achieve through existing manufacturing processes, does not require extremely precise processing, and will not cause design difficulties due to excessive or small ratios, ensuring production stability and cost-effectiveness.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is between 0.5 and 0.8. In these embodiments, the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 is 0.5 to 0.8 times that of the second photosensitive area 2012. If the ratio is less than 0.5, the third photosensitive area 2013 may not work effectively due to its small area; if the ratio is greater than 0.8, it may cause insufficient control of the light flux and affect the imaging quality. The ratio set between 0.5 and 0.8 allows the system to more accurately select the most appropriate area configuration of the photosensitive area 201 according to the actual lighting conditions, further reducing overexposure or darkening. This ratio range is also applicable to existing manufacturing processes, ensuring stability and cost-effectiveness in the production process, and also facilitating quality control.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 is 2 / 3. In these embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 is 2 / 3, and the ratio of 2 / 3 ensures that the second photosensitive area 2012 can provide an appropriate amount of light flux under medium light conditions. It will neither be unable to capture enough light due to a small area, nor overlap the function of the first photosensitive area 2011 due to a large area. This fixed ratio can ensure that the second photosensitive area 2012 maintains a certain area to collect enough photons, thereby reducing the impact of random noise and maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio. The ratio of 2 / 3 is a clear and easy-to-implement standard, which allows the system to quickly and accurately select the most suitable area configuration of the photosensitive area 201 according to the light conditions, reducing the algorithm complexity and improving the response speed. The ratio of 2 / 3 is relatively easy to achieve through existing manufacturing processes, does not require extremely precise processing, and ensures the stability and cost-effectiveness of production. In addition, the standard ratio is helpful for mass production and quality control.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is 2 / 3. In these embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is 2 / 3, and the ratio of 2 / 3 ensures that the third photosensitive area 2013 can work effectively in a weak light environment, avoiding the photosensitive unit 20 from receiving too little light and preventing the phenomenon of too dark. The ratio of 2 / 3 allows the system to more accurately select the most suitable area configuration of the photosensitive area 201 according to the actual lighting conditions, further reducing overexposure or too dark phenomena and improving imaging effects. The ratio of 2 / 3 is also applicable to existing manufacturing processes, ensuring stability and cost-effectiveness in the production process, and also facilitating quality control.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 is 2 / 3; and the ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is 2 / 3. In these embodiments, the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 is set to 2 / 3 of the area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011, and the area of ​​the third photosensitive area 2013 is set to 2 / 3 of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area 2012 (that is, the area of ​​each subsequent photosensitive area 201 is 2 / 3 of the area of ​​the previous photosensitive area 201). This design brings many benefits. Using a fixed 2 / 3 ratio can greatly simplify the chip design process. Design and manufacturing only need to follow this ratio rule to ensure that the relative size relationship between different photosensitive areas 201 is consistent, reducing the complexity of the design. The standardized ratio facilitates the implementation of the manufacturing process. Existing semiconductor manufacturing technology can easily produce photosensitive areas 201 that meet this ratio, reducing the difficulty of production, improving the yield rate, and facilitating large-scale production and quality control. By gradually reducing the area of ​​the photosensitive area 201 by a ratio of 2 / 3, progressive light flux management can be provided under different lighting conditions. The large-area first photosensitive area 2011 is suitable for dark light environments, the medium-area second photosensitive area 2012 is suitable for medium light conditions, and the small-area third photosensitive area 2013 is suitable for strong light environments, thereby realizing progressive light flux management. This progressive area change avoids the occurrence of extreme situations, such as the light flux imbalance problem caused by a photosensitive area 201 being too large or too small. The photosensitive unit 20 corresponding to each photosensitive area 201 can work under the most suitable lighting conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system. The fixed 2 / 3 ratio also simplifies the design of the intelligent selection mechanism, reduces the algorithm complexity, and improves the response speed and adaptability.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the number of the second photosensitive areas 2012 and the third photosensitive areas 2013 is greater than the number of the first photosensitive areas 2011. In these embodiments, the larger number of the second photosensitive areas 2012 and the third photosensitive areas 2013 means that more pixels can be used to capture the medium brightness and high brightness areas of the image. This helps to improve the overall resolution of the image, especially under complex lighting conditions, and can better retain details. More second photosensitive areas 2012 and third photosensitive areas 2013 can provide denser data points, making spectral analysis more refined and suitable for applications that require high-precision spectral information. More second photosensitive areas 2012 (medium area) and third photosensitive areas 2013 (small area) can provide a wider range of light flux management under different lighting conditions. The large area of ​​the first photosensitive area 2011 ensures the good performance of the photosensitive unit 20 under dark light conditions, while more second photosensitive areas 2012 and third photosensitive areas 2013 enhance the adaptability to medium and strong light conditions, thereby expanding the dynamic range of the entire system. By increasing the number of the second photosensitive area 2012 and the third photosensitive area 2013 (that is, increasing the number of corresponding photosensitive units 20), the system can more flexibly adjust the light flux under different lighting conditions, reduce overexposure or darkening, and improve image quality. Increasing the number of the second photosensitive area 2012 and the third photosensitive area 2013 can provide data redundancy and improve the reliability and fault tolerance of the system. Even if some photosensitive units 20 fail or their performance degrades, other photosensitive units 20 can still work normally to ensure that the image quality is not affected.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 As shown, the first photosensitive area 2011 is provided with one, and a plurality of second photosensitive areas 2012 and a plurality of third photosensitive areas 2013 are arranged together on the periphery of the first photosensitive area 2011. In these embodiments, a single first photosensitive area 2011 is located at the center, and the corresponding photosensitive unit 20 can focus on capturing image information in a dark light environment or spectral data within a specific wavelength range. Due to its large area, it can provide sufficient light flux under low light conditions to ensure that the dark details are clearly visible. A plurality of second photosensitive areas 2012 and third photosensitive areas 2013 are arranged around the first photosensitive area 2011, and can flexibly adapt to different lighting conditions. The large-area first photosensitive area 2011 ensures the performance of the corresponding photosensitive unit 20 under dark light conditions, while the peripheral second photosensitive areas 2012 and third photosensitive areas 2013 can provide more refined light flux control under medium and strong light conditions. This layout forms a compact and efficient arrangement, maximizes the use of space, and is conducive to reducing the compact design and reducing the size of the spectral chip 100.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 4As shown, there are four second photosensitive areas 2012, four third photosensitive areas 2013, and four second photosensitive areas 2012, four third photosensitive areas 2013 and one first photosensitive area 2011 form a 3*3 array arrangement. In these embodiments, the 3*3 array arrangement allows all photosensitive units 20 to be closely arranged in a small area, maximizing the use of the area of ​​the spectral chip 100. This compact design not only improves space utilization, but also facilitates subsequent data processing and image reconstruction. The four second photosensitive areas 2012 and the four third photosensitive areas 2013 surround the single first photosensitive area 2011, forming a symmetrical and uniform layout, ensuring uniform distribution of light, reducing shadow effects, and improving image consistency and quality. The 3*3 array arrangement is a standardized design that is easy to implement in the design and manufacturing process. Fixed layout rules reduce design complexity while ensuring stability and cost-effectiveness in the production process. The standardized 3*3 array simplifies the design of the intelligent selection mechanism and data processing algorithm, reduces algorithm complexity and improves response speed.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of second photosensitive areas 2012 and a plurality of third photosensitive areas 2013 are alternately arranged around the first photosensitive area 2011. In these embodiments, the first photosensitive area 2011 is located in the middle, and four second photosensitive areas 2012 and four third photosensitive areas 2013 surround the first photosensitive area 2011 to form a 3*3 array, wherein the second photosensitive areas 2012 and the third photosensitive areas 2013 are alternately distributed around, and the alternating arrangement enables each photosensitive unit 20 to receive light more evenly, reducing the shadow effect caused by uneven arrangement. This symmetrical and uniform layout helps to improve the consistency and quality of the image. The alternating arrangement forms a regular and symmetrical layout, which is convenient for the design of subsequent data processing and image reconstruction algorithms. This standardized arrangement reduces the complexity of the algorithm and improves the response speed. Specifically, the four corners may be the second photosensitive area 2012 , and the middle of the four sides may be the third photosensitive area 2013 , or vice versa, the four corners may be the third photosensitive area 2013 , and the middle of the four sides may be the second photosensitive area 2012 .

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of second photosensitive areas 2012 and a plurality of third photosensitive areas 2013 are alternately arranged around the first photosensitive area 2011, and four third photosensitive areas 2013 are respectively located at the four corners of the array. In these embodiments, the positions of the four corners are selected to be the third photosensitive areas 2013 (small area), and the middle positions of the four sides are set as the second photosensitive areas 2012 (medium area). This layout gradually reduces the light flux from the first photosensitive area 2011 (large area) to the periphery, forming a natural gradient, which helps to more finely control the light flux distribution, especially in a strong light environment, and can better prevent overexposure. The medium-sized second photosensitive area 2012 is located in the middle of the edge, which can balance the light flux, ensure that the appropriate light intensity is provided under medium light conditions, and avoid abrupt changes between the corners and the edges. Placing the smaller third photosensitive area 2013 in the corner position can make the light more evenly distributed over the entire array. Corners are usually the places where light is most easily blocked, so using a smaller third photosensitive area 2013 can reduce the impact of shadow effects and ensure that each photosensitive unit 20 can receive relatively uniform light. The second photosensitive area 2012 at the edge can collect light more effectively under medium light conditions due to its larger area, thereby improving the overall light flux utilization.

[0055] The present application does not limit how the multiple photosensitive units 20 have photosensitive areas 201 of different areas. In some examples, the multiple photosensitive units 20 have different areas, and the entirety of each photosensitive unit 20 forms its photosensitive area 201, and obtains different light fluxes from the light splitting unit 10 under the same light intensity. In a dark environment, a photosensitive unit 20 with a larger area can capture more light, thereby improving the brightness and clarity of the image. In a strong light environment, a photosensitive unit 20 with a smaller area can prevent too much light from entering, thereby preventing overexposure.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the spectral chip 100 further includes a light shielding structure 30; the plurality of photosensitive units 20 have the same area, and at least some of the photosensitive units 20 have a light shielding area 202 opposite to the light shielding structure 30, so that the plurality of photosensitive areas 201 have different areas. In these embodiments, the plurality of photosensitive units 20 have the same initial area, but the light shielding structure 30 enables some of the photosensitive units 20 to have a light shielding area 202, so that the areas of the photosensitive areas 201 are different. The light shielding structure 30 changes the effective area of ​​the photosensitive unit 20 that actually receives light, thereby affecting the luminous flux. This design has great flexibility. The light shielding structure 30 can be adjusted according to specific needs and application scenarios to achieve different area configurations of the photosensitive area 201. For example, in different models of electronic devices 1000, the light shielding structure 30 can be flexibly adjusted according to the use environment and imaging requirements of the device to optimize the performance of the spectral chip 100. Compared with directly setting photosensitive units 20 of different areas, the size of the area of ​​the photosensitive area 201 can be more finely controlled. In some devices that require extremely high imaging quality, this precise adjustment capability helps improve the resolution and accuracy of detection.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 ( Figure 5The dotted line in the figure indicates the boundary between the first light splitting area 11 and the second light splitting area 12 in the light splitting unit 10) The light splitting unit 10 includes a first light splitting area 11 and a plurality of second light splitting areas 12 arranged around the first light splitting area 11; the plurality of photosensitive units 20 include a first photosensitive unit 21 and a plurality of second photosensitive units 22 arranged around the first photosensitive unit 21; wherein the shading structure 30 is arranged around the light splitting unit 10, the first photosensitive unit 21 is opposite to the first light splitting area 11 to form a photosensitive area 201 of the first photosensitive unit 21, the plurality of second photosensitive units 22 respectively correspond to the plurality of second light splitting areas 12 one by one, a portion of each second photosensitive unit 22 is opposite to the second light splitting area 12 to form a photosensitive area 201 of the second photosensitive unit 22, and a portion of each second photosensitive unit 22 is opposite to the shading structure 30 to form a shading area 202 of the second photosensitive unit 22. In these embodiments, the first photosensitive unit 21 is opposite to the first light splitting area 11. This relative relationship enables the light signal emitted by the first light splitting area 11 to be directly received by the first photosensitive unit 21, and the entire first photosensitive unit 21 forms its photosensitive area 201. The plurality of second photosensitive units 22 correspond to the plurality of second light splitting areas 12 one by one, respectively, and a portion of each second photosensitive unit 22 is opposite to the second light splitting area 12, and this portion forms the photosensitive area 201 of the second photosensitive unit 22. At the same time, a portion of each second photosensitive unit 22 is opposite to the light shielding structure 30, and this portion forms the light shielding area 202 of the second photosensitive unit 22. The multiple photosensitive units 20 have the same area, and only one spectroscopic unit 10 and a shading structure 30 are needed to determine the shading area 202 and the photosensitive area 201 of the multiple photosensitive units 20, thereby realizing photosensitive areas 201 of different areas. Compared with other designs that may require multiple complex components or multiple independent shading and shading structures, this design greatly reduces the number of components required. Due to the simple structure, the process complexity in the manufacturing process is also reduced accordingly. There is no need to design a complex shading and shading structure for each photosensitive unit 20, which reduces the number of processes in the manufacturing process, improves production efficiency, and reduces manufacturing costs. Simple structures usually mean higher stability and reliability. Fewer components and relatively simple connection relationships make it less likely for the entire system to fail during operation due to too many components. For example, during long-term use, it is not easy for the shading structure 30 to loosen, the spectroscopic unit 10 to be misaligned with the photosensitive unit 20, and other problems, which ensures the long-term stable operation of the spectral chip 100 and reduces the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0058] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present invention. According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, the electronic device 1000 includes the above-mentioned spectral chip 100.

[0059] In the electronic device 1000 of the present invention, the spectral chip 100 includes a spectroscopic unit 10 and a plurality of photosensitive units 20, the spectroscopic unit 10 has a light incident side 101 and a light exit side 102 arranged opposite to each other, the plurality of photosensitive units 20 are arranged on the light exit side 102 of the spectroscopic unit 10, each photosensitive unit 20 has a photosensitive area 201 arranged opposite to the spectroscopic unit 10, and the plurality of photosensitive areas 201 have different areas, so that under the same light intensity condition on the light incident side 101, the spectroscopic unit 10 is suitable for providing light signals of different light fluxes to the plurality of photosensitive units 20 respectively, and the light signals are converted into electrical signals by the corresponding photosensitive units 20, and in a dark light environment, the photosensitive unit 20 with a large photosensitive area 201 is used. Element 20, ensure that the photosensitive unit 20 has sufficient light flux, improve the brightness and clarity of the image, in a strong light environment, use a photosensitive unit 20 with a small area of ​​photosensitive area 201 to avoid too much light entering the photosensitive unit 20, and avoid overexposure. Since multiple photosensitive units 20 can obtain light fluxes of different sizes, the system can select the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 according to the actual lighting conditions, effectively reducing the situation of overexposure or too dark, and improving the overall imaging quality. Photosensitive units 20 with different areas of photosensitive areas 201 can cover different lighting conditions from weak light to strong light, expanding the dynamic range of the imaging system, so that the image can maintain good contrast and details under various lighting conditions. That is, in an embodiment of the present invention, by setting photosensitive areas 201 of different areas, multiple photosensitive units 20 can obtain light fluxes of different sizes, and the system can select the image corresponding to the most suitable photosensitive unit 20 according to the actual lighting conditions, effectively reducing the situation of overexposure or too dark, and improving the imaging quality problem when the lighting environment changes drastically.

[0060] Reference Figure 6In some embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 1000 further includes an analog-to-digital converter 200, which is disposed on one side of the plurality of photosensitive units 20 away from the light-splitting unit 10, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the electrical signal to obtain a grayscale digital image. The electrical signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter 200, which facilitates subsequent digital image processing. Digital signals are easier to store, transmit and analyze, thereby improving the efficiency of image processing. The analog-to-digital converter 200 can provide a high-precision and stable digital representation, ensuring that the converted grayscale digital image retains the detailed information of the original image, and improving the accuracy of image processing. The digital image format has better compatibility and scalability. The grayscale digital image after analog-to-digital conversion can be easily interacted with various digital devices and software, broadening the application scenarios of the image. After the analog-to-digital converter 200 converts the analog electrical signal into a digital image, it can be efficiently stored in the memory of the electronic device 1000 or remotely transmitted through a network. The introduction of the analog-to-digital converter 200 makes the signal processing process of the entire electronic device 1000 more digital and automated, reducing the need for human intervention, thereby improving the overall performance and stability of the system.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a flow chart of a spectral imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present application. According to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present application, the spectral imaging method is based on the electronic device 1000 as described above, and the spectral imaging method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S10: Acquire a plurality of grayscale digital images provided by the analog-to-digital converter 200.

[0063] In this step, under the same light intensity condition on the light incident side 101, the light splitting unit 10 can provide light signals of different light fluxes to the multiple photosensitive units 20 respectively, and after passing through the analog-to-digital converter 200, multiple grayscale digital images with different grayscale levels can be obtained. Specifically, the photosensitive units 20 in the first photosensitive area 2011 (large area) obtain a larger light flux, corresponding to an image with a higher grayscale level (first grayscale level), and the photosensitive units 20 in the second photosensitive area 2012 (medium area) obtain a moderate light flux, corresponding to an image with a medium grayscale level (second grayscale level). The photosensitive units 20 in the third photosensitive area 2013 (small area) obtain a smaller light flux, corresponding to an image with a lower grayscale level (third grayscale level).

[0064] Step S20: Outputting a grayscale digital image that conforms to a preset grayscale level.

[0065] In this step, according to the grayscale digital images of multiple different grayscale levels provided by the analog-to-digital converter 200, a grayscale digital image that meets the preset grayscale level is intelligently selected and output. This process simplifies the user's operation and provides a more intelligent selection mechanism. Since the multiple photosensitive units 20 respectively obtain light signals of different light fluxes, the system can select those images that are neither overexposed nor too dark. Specifically, the system will evaluate the brightness distribution of each grayscale digital image and select the grayscale digital image closest to the preset grayscale level, thereby ensuring that the final output grayscale digital image will neither lose details due to overexposure nor be blurred due to being too dark. Specifically, in a strong light environment, the third grayscale level (lower grayscale level) corresponding to the photosensitive unit 20 of the third photosensitive area 2013 (small area) meets the preset grayscale level, ensuring that the output image is not too bright and avoiding overexposure. In a medium-intensity light environment, the second grayscale level (medium grayscale level) corresponding to the photosensitive unit 20 of the second photosensitive area 2012 (medium area) meets the preset grayscale level, ensuring that the output image maintains good contrast and details. In a dark environment, the first gray level (higher gray level) corresponding to the photosensitive unit 20 of the first photosensitive area 2011 (large area) meets the preset gray level, ensuring the brightness and clarity of the output image. This ensures the optimal performance of the electronic device 1000 under various lighting conditions, and can effectively select the best quality image that is neither overexposed nor overly dark.

[0066] It should be noted that in the above embodiment, only the example of multiple photosensitive areas 201 having three different areas is used for illustration. Of course, in other embodiments, the multiple photosensitive areas 201 may also have four, five, six or more different areas, which can be set as needed, and this application does not limit this.

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A spectral chip, characterized in that: include: A light splitting unit having a light input side and a light output side arranged opposite to each other; as well as, Multiple photosensitive units are arranged on the light-emitting side of the light-splitting unit, each photosensitive unit has a photosensitive area arranged opposite to the light-splitting unit, and the multiple photosensitive areas have different areas, so that under the same light intensity conditions on the light-incident side, the light-splitting unit is suitable for providing light signals with different luminous fluxes to the multiple photosensitive units respectively, and the corresponding photosensitive units convert them into electrical signals.

2. The spectral chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of photosensitive areas include a first photosensitive area, a second photosensitive area, and a third photosensitive area; The area of ​​the first photosensitive region is larger than that of the second photosensitive region, and the area of ​​the second photosensitive region is larger than that of the third photosensitive region.

3. The spectral chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area is between 0.5 and 0.8; and / or; The ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area is between 0.5 and 0.

8.

4. The spectral chip according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ratio of the area of ​​the second photosensitive area to the area of ​​the first photosensitive area is 2 / 3; and / or; The ratio of the area of ​​the third photosensitive area to the area of ​​the second photosensitive area is 2 / 3.

5. The spectral chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the second photosensitive areas and the third photosensitive areas is greater than the number of the first photosensitive areas.

6. The spectral chip according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first photosensitive area has one, and a plurality of the second photosensitive areas and a plurality of the third photosensitive areas are arranged together on the periphery of the first photosensitive area.

7. The spectral chip according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are four second photosensitive areas, and there are four third photosensitive areas. The four second photosensitive areas, the four third photosensitive areas, and one first photosensitive area are arranged in a 3*3 array.

8. The spectral chip according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of the second photosensitive areas and a plurality of the third photosensitive areas are alternately arranged around the first photosensitive area.

9. The spectral chip according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The spectrum chip also includes a light shielding structure; The plurality of photosensitive units have the same area, and at least part of the photosensitive units have a light shielding region opposite to the light shielding structure, so that the plurality of photosensitive regions have different areas.

10. The spectral chip according to claim 9, characterized in that: The light splitting unit includes a first light splitting area and a plurality of second light splitting areas arranged around the first light splitting area; The plurality of photosensitive units include a first photosensitive unit and a plurality of second photosensitive units arranged around the first photosensitive unit; In which, the shading structure is arranged around the light-splitting unit, the first photosensitive unit is opposite to the first light-splitting area to form the photosensitive area of ​​the first photosensitive unit, a plurality of second photosensitive units respectively correspond to a plurality of second light-splitting areas one by one, a part of each of the second photosensitive units is opposite to the second light-splitting area to form the photosensitive area of ​​the second photosensitive unit, and a part of each of the second photosensitive units is opposite to the shading structure to form the shading area of ​​the second photosensitive unit.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising the spectral chip as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The electronic device further comprises an analog-to-digital converter, which is arranged on a side of the plurality of photosensitive units away from the light-splitting unit and is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the electrical signal to obtain a grayscale digital image.

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