Broadband directional diagram diversity dielectric resonator antenna
By introducing hollow structures and collaborative excitation of multiple radiation modes into dielectric resonator antennas, the problem of narrow working bandwidth of traditional antennas is solved, and broadband pattern diversity and wider coverage are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411965432.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
The traditional pattern diversity medium resonator antenna has a narrow working bandwidth and cannot meet the requirements of modern communication capacity and transmission rate.
The directional radiation modes HEM11δ and HEM12δ+1 are excitated by the microstrip feeder, and the coaxial probe excitates the horizontal omnidirectional radiation mode TM01δ. A hollow air area is introduced into the dielectric resonator, and the three modes are synergistically operated by using the feed structure to achieve broadband directional pattern diversity.
It achieves a wider operating bandwidth and a wider coverage range, with overlapping operating bandwidth reaching 30%, and port isolation greater than 30dB, meeting the low envelope correlation coefficient requirements of MIMO systems.
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Figure CN119726132A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dielectric resonator antennas, and in particular relates to a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna. Background Art
[0002] With the development of technology, people have put forward higher and higher requirements on the communication capacity, transmission rate and communication quality of wireless communication systems. According to Shannon's formula, the capacity of the communication system can be effectively improved by expanding the communication bandwidth or improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
[0003] However, due to the limitations of spectrum resources and transmission power, the bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio of communication systems cannot be increased indefinitely. This has led researchers to turn their attention to broadband multi-port antennas. A multi-port antenna refers to an antenna design in which a single antenna unit has multiple ports. Each of its ports can operate in the same frequency band, increasing the number of antennas without increasing the size of the antenna, and obtaining high isolation between different ports, thereby achieving simultaneous transmission of multiple signals at the same frequency. Using multi-port antennas as units of a MIMO antenna system can improve the communication capacity and spectrum utilization of the system in another dimension. The number of modes that can be effectively excited in the antenna structure is the core factor that determines the number of ports in a multi-port antenna.
[0004] It is worth mentioning that the dielectric resonator antenna has a three-dimensional structure, which provides a richer internal radiation pattern. In addition, the dielectric resonator antenna also has the advantages of high radiation efficiency, easy integration, flexible shape design, and diverse feeding methods. At the same time, it has two radiation patterns: directional and horizontal omnidirectional, which can receive or transmit signals from different directions, achieve wide coverage of signals in space, and greatly improve the communication quality. Therefore, multi-port pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna has become a hot research direction.
[0005] Recently, there have been some studies on achieving multi-mode co-frequency operation in dielectric resonators, mostly using two fundamental modes or multiple high-order modes to achieve pattern diversity design. However, no matter which design is used, each port only uses a single mode, which is not conducive to broadband design. And because the operating frequencies of different fundamental modes and high-order modes are different, it is difficult to make multiple fundamental modes and high-order modes work in the same frequency band at the same time.
[0006] In summary, the traditional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna has a narrow operating bandwidth and cannot meet the current communication capacity and transmission rate requirements. Summary of the invention
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna to solve the technical problem that the traditional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna cannot meet the current communication capacity and transmission rate requirements due to its narrow working bandwidth.
[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0009] A broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a radiation structure and a feeding structure; the feeding structure comprises a microstrip feed line and a coaxial probe, wherein the microstrip feed line is used to excite a directional radiation mode HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 , the above coaxial probe is used to stimulate the horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern TM 01δ ; The above-mentioned radiation structure includes a hollow cylindrical dielectric resonator; the above-mentioned dielectric resonator is welded on the pad of the dielectric plate and connected through port one; the above-mentioned microstrip feed line is located on the lower surface of the above-mentioned dielectric plate and connected to port two, and the above-mentioned coaxial probe is located at the center of the above-mentioned dielectric resonator.
[0010] A wireless communication system comprises the above-mentioned broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna.
[0011] In the present invention, a directional radiation mode HEM is excited in a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna by a microstrip feed line. 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 , the coaxial probe excites the horizontal omnidirectional radiation mode TM in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna 01δ , a hollow air region is introduced into the dielectric resonator, and the TM is realized by using the feeding structure. 01δ , HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 Three modes are formed, thereby realizing broadband pattern diversity, solving the technical problem that traditional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antennas cannot meet the current communication capacity and transmission rate requirements due to their narrow working bandwidth, and achieving the technical effect of having a wider working bandwidth and a wider coverage range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0013] In the figure: 1. Dielectric plate; 2. Forked microstrip feed line; 3. Rectangular gap; 4. Metal floor; 5. Metallized via; 6. Dielectric resonator; 7. Fan-shaped columnar air region; 8. SMA at port one; 9. SMA at port two.
[0014] Figure 21 is a diagram of electric field distribution of the three modes used in the embodiment of the present invention in a traditional cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna.
[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of S parameter results of a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of field distribution of three modes in the xy plane in a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 5 It is the radiation pattern of port one of a broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 6 It is the radiation pattern of port 2 of a broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of gain results of a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the efficiency results of a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of envelope correlation coefficient results of a broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0023] It should be noted that, in order to clearly explain the content of the present invention, the present invention specifically cites multiple embodiments to further illustrate different implementations of the present invention, wherein the multiple embodiments are enumerated rather than exhaustive. In addition, for the sake of brevity of explanation, the contents mentioned in the previous embodiments are often omitted in the subsequent embodiments. Therefore, the contents not mentioned in the subsequent embodiments can refer to the previous embodiments accordingly.
[0024] Example 1
[0025] A broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna, the antenna comprising: a radiation structure and a feeding structure;
[0026] The feeding structure includes a microstrip feed line and a coaxial probe, wherein the microstrip feed line is used to excite the directional radiation mode HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 , the coaxial probe is used to stimulate the horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern TM 01δ ;
[0027] The radiation structure includes a hollow cylindrical dielectric resonator; the dielectric resonator is welded on a pad of a dielectric plate and connected through port one; a microstrip feed line is located on the lower surface of the dielectric plate and connected to port two, and a coaxial probe is located at the center of the dielectric resonator.
[0028] The radiation structure is not limited to being a dielectric block with a high dielectric constant of a single material, and is provided with a hollow structure, and the feeding structure is not limited to being printed on a dielectric board.
[0029] As an optional implementation, the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate are both clad with copper.
[0030] Specifically, the feeding structure is not limited to being printed on a dielectric board with double-sided copper cladding.
[0031] As an optional implementation, the end of the microstrip feed line is a forked branch.
[0032] Specifically, the microstrip feed line is not limited to a forked microstrip feed line. The forked microstrip feed line in the feeding structure is not limited to exciting the directional radiation mode HEM in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 The coaxial probe in the feed structure is not limited to exciting the horizontal omnidirectional radiation mode TM in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna 01δ .
[0033] As an optional implementation, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is a metal floor.
[0034] As an optional implementation, a rectangular gap is etched on the metal floor, wherein the rectangular gap is located in the middle of the dielectric resonator.
[0035] Specifically, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is a metal floor with rectangular gaps etched therein.
[0036] As an optional implementation, the metal floor is connected to port one through a metallized via.
[0037] Specifically, since the metal floor is located on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, the SMA at one port and the metal floor are connected together by using a metallized via to achieve a common ground.
[0038] As an optional implementation, the dielectric resonator includes a plurality of hollow fan-shaped columnar air regions.
[0039] Specifically, the radiation structure is a high dielectric constant medium block made of a single material with a plurality of fan-shaped columnar regions removed, wherein the hollowed-out regions formed by the removal are fan-shaped columnar air regions.
[0040] As an optional implementation, the shell of port one is soldered to the pad on the lower surface of the dielectric board by solder paste.
[0041] As an optional implementation, the shell of port two is welded to the metal floor.
[0042] Optionally, the inner core of the SMA at port one is inserted into the dielectric resonator, and its outer shell is soldered to the pad on the lower surface of the dielectric plate through solder paste. The inner core of the SMA at port two is soldered to the forked microstrip feeder through solder paste, and its outer shell is soldered to the metal floor 4.
[0043] Specifically, the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to Figure 1 As shown, it includes: dielectric plate 1, fork-shaped microstrip feed line 2, rectangular gap 3, metal floor 4, metalized via 5, dielectric resonator 6, fan-shaped columnar air region 7, SMA 8 at port one, and SMA 9 at port two. There are four fan-shaped columnar air regions 7, which are evenly distributed in the axial direction. The coaxial probe is located at the center of the antenna and is not numbered.
[0044] The upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate 1 are both covered with copper, and the upper surface is a metal floor 4 with etched rectangular gaps 3; the lower surface is a forked microstrip feed line 2 and a pad reserved for the SMA8 at the port. The metal floor 4 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 1, and the SMA8 at the port and the metal floor 4 are connected together by metallized vias 5 to achieve a common ground. The radiation structure is a dielectric resonator 6 with four fan-shaped columnar air regions 7 dug out. The inner core of the SMA8 at the port is inserted into the dielectric resonator 6, and its outer shell is soldered to the pad on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 1 by solder paste. The inner core of the SMA9 at the second port is soldered to the forked microstrip feed line 2 by solder paste, and its outer shell is soldered to the metal floor 4.
[0045] Further, if Figure 1 As shown, the main parameters of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna are: d ,、h d ,,r1,,r2,,w1,,w2,,w3,,w4,,l s ,、w s ,l1,l2,d,h p ,,g x ,,g y , where r d is the radius of the cylindrical dielectric resonator, h dis the height of the cylindrical dielectric resonator, r1 is the inner diameter of the fan-shaped columnar region, r2 is the thickness of the fan-shaped columnar region, w1 is the spacing thickness of the four fan-shaped columnar regions, w2, w3, and w4 are the widths of the different arms of the forked strip of the forked microstrip feed line, and l s is the length of the rectangular gap, w s is the width of the rectangular gap, l1 and l2 are the lengths of the forked microstrip feeder, d is the distance between the forked strips of the forked microstrip feeder, and h p is the length of the SMA8 core at one port, g x is the length of the rectangular floor, g y is the width of the rectangular floor.
[0046] In a wide frequency band, the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna excites the fundamental mode HEM of directional radiation at the same time. 11δ , High-order modes of directional radiation HEM 12δ+1 and horizontal omnidirectional TM 01δ Mode, where HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 It is excited by the forked microstrip feed line 2, TM 01δ It is excited by a coaxial probe.
[0047] The electric field distribution of the three modes in the traditional cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is shown as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the "air area" marked in the figure is only used to identify the area to be improved in this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that in the peripheral area of the dielectric resonator antenna, the HEM 11δ The electric field of the HEM mode is the strongest, while 12δ+1 and TM 01δ mode has the weakest electric field.
[0048] By analyzing the field distribution of different modes, introducing air regions at specific locations to change the field distribution, the TM of dielectric resonator antennas can be used to 01δ , HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 The three modes realize the design of broadband pattern diversity, which can realize directional and horizontal omnidirectional radiation patterns in a wider frequency band at the same time, with excellent performance and high innovation.
[0049] Furthermore, the S parameter results of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna are not limited to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the results show that the antenna can achieve a wide impedance frequency bandwidth characteristic, and the overlap bandwidth of the two ports is 30%. In addition, |S 21 |It is lower than -30dB in the entire operating frequency band, which means that there is a high degree of isolation between the two ports of the antenna.
[0050] Furthermore, the field distribution of the three modes of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to the following: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that port 1 resonates at 3.4 GHz through the coaxial probe feeding located at the center of the dielectric resonator. The mode of this resonance point is TM 01δ Port 2 resonates at 3.2 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 3.8 GHz through fork-shaped microstrip slot coupling feeding, and the resonant modes of the first two resonance points are HEM 11δ mode, and the mode of the third resonance point is HEM 12δ+1 model.
[0051] Furthermore, the radiation pattern of the antenna port 1 of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to Figure 5 As shown, it can be seen that when port one is fed, the radiation pattern of the antenna is horizontal omnidirectional radiation.
[0052] Further, the radiation pattern of the antenna port 2 of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to Figure 6 It can be seen that when port 2 is fed, the radiation pattern of the antenna radiates along the normal direction.
[0053] Further, the gain result of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to Figure 7 As shown, the results show that the antenna has a relatively flat gain characteristic and can achieve practical applications.
[0054] Further, the efficiency results of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna are not limited to Figure 8 As shown, the results show that the antenna has high efficiency characteristics, and the antenna efficiency of the two ports is about 85%, which has good application value.
[0055] Further, the envelope correlation coefficient of the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to Fig. 9 As shown, it can be seen that within the entire operating frequency band, the envelope correlation coefficient between the two ports is less than 0.006, which meets the low envelope correlation coefficient requirement of the MIMO system. This shows that the dielectric resonator antenna we designed is a very good diversity antenna.
[0056] By analyzing the TM in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna 01δ , HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 The electric field distribution diagrams of the three modes show that in the peripheral area of the dielectric resonator antenna, the HEM 11δ The electric field of the HEM mode is the strongest, while 12δ+1 and TM 01δTherefore, changing the outer area of the dielectric resonator antenna has a positive effect on the HEM 11δ The effect of the model is more significant, while the effect of HEM 12δ+1 and TM 01δ Based on this concept, an air region is introduced into the peripheral area of the dielectric resonator antenna to reduce the equivalent dielectric constant of the entire antenna and increase the resonant frequencies of the above three modes, especially the HEM. 11δ In this way, by improving the structure of the dielectric resonator and optimizing the parameters of the dielectric resonator, the HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 The resonant frequencies of the modes are combined to form multi-frequency resonance characteristics and achieve broadband.
[0057] At the same time, the directional radiation HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 Mode with horizontal omnidirectional radiation TM 01δ The modes work in the same frequency band to achieve broadband pattern diversity. At the same time, the introduction of air regions can also reduce the equivalent dielectric constant and reduce the Q value. The use of forked microstrip feed lines can further expand the bandwidth.
[0058] In summary, by introducing the fan-shaped columnar air region, the HEM is excited at the same time. 11δ 、HEM 12δ+1 and TM 01δ The mode realizes the directional pattern diversity characteristics in a wider frequency range, which has good engineering practical significance. The performance simulation verification of the antenna in the full-wave simulation software has achieved the expected results, proving that the theoretical analysis is correct. At the same time, the antenna was physically processed and tested. The test results also verify that the broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna in this embodiment can simultaneously achieve broadband horizontal omnidirectional and directional radiation performance, and the final working bandwidth reaches 30%.
[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, by analyzing the field distribution of different modes, an air region is introduced at a specific position to change the field distribution, and the TM of the dielectric resonator antenna is utilized. 01δ , HEM 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 The three modes realize broadband pattern diversity, and simultaneously realize directional and horizontal omnidirectional radiation patterns in a wide frequency range, obtaining a wider working bandwidth and a wider coverage range. The measured overlapping working bandwidth is 30%, and the isolation between the two ports is greater than 30dB. At the same time, the envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna is very low, less than 0.006, thus achieving the technical effects of wide working frequency band, high radiation efficiency, simple structure, easy integration, wide signal coverage, and thin thickness, which has broad application prospects in the field of wireless communications, especially indoor wireless communications.
[0060] Example 2
[0061] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides an antenna system including the broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna. The system is not limited to application in the field of wireless communications, such as indoor wireless communications.
[0062] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and should be interpreted only in a general illustrative sense and not for limiting purposes. In some embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise expressly noted, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments. Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that: include: Radiating structures and feeding structures; The feeding structure includes a microstrip feed line and a coaxial probe, wherein the microstrip feed line is used to excite a directional radiation mode HEM. 11δ and HEM 12δ+1 , the coaxial probe is used to stimulate the horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern TM 01δ ; The radiation structure comprises a hollow cylindrical dielectric resonator; the dielectric resonator is welded on a pad of a dielectric plate and connected via port one; the microstrip feed line is located on the lower surface of the dielectric plate and connected to port two, and the coaxial probe is located at the center of the dielectric resonator.
2. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the medium plate is a metal floor.
3. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rectangular gap is etched on the metal floor, wherein the rectangular gap is located in the middle of the dielectric resonator.
4. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal floor is connected to the port one through a metallized via.
5. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric resonator includes a plurality of hollow fan-shaped columnar air regions.
6. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate are both covered with copper.
7. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the microstrip feed line is a fork-shaped branch.
8. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell of the port 1 is soldered to the pad on the lower surface of the dielectric plate by solder paste.
9. The broadband pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell of the port 2 is welded to the metal floor.
10. A wireless communication system, characterized in that: A broadband directional pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.